US20110197250A1 - Laser Marked CATV Filter - Google Patents
Laser Marked CATV Filter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20110197250A1 US20110197250A1 US13/089,072 US201113089072A US2011197250A1 US 20110197250 A1 US20110197250 A1 US 20110197250A1 US 201113089072 A US201113089072 A US 201113089072A US 2011197250 A1 US2011197250 A1 US 2011197250A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- laser
- housing
- marking
- filter
- fixture plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/10—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece using a fixed support, i.e. involving moving the laser beam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
- B23K26/127—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an enclosure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/007—Marks, e.g. trade marks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to the field of cable television (CATV) filters, and more particularly to laser marking for identification of a CATV filter.
- CATV cable television
- Cable television (CATV) filters typically block channels from the full spectrum of channels offered to provide a limited or basic service to a subscriber at a lower price. Other CATV filters permit certain channels to pass through the filter while blocking the remainder. Because different models of filters block different groups of premium channels, the model numbers of the CATV filters are permanently printed, typically by roll stamping, into the metal housing of the filter. The filter tube is inserted into a support arbor after which raised hardened metal characters are rolled over the filter tube to leave an impression in the metal filter tube. Printed labels and ink labels are inadequate because of the filters' exposure to the environment and become impossible to read after sufficient exposure to the elements.
- stamping can deform the housing and change the internal characteristics of the performance of the filter, which fact can cause elaborate work-arounds when fabricating CATV filters.
- a CATV filter assembled inside a housing has the housing marked by a laser system with indicia relating to specific characteristics of the filter.
- the housing is thus not mechanically deformed during the step of marking, resulting in unchanged RF characteristics of the filter as a result of the marking.
- a method includes the steps of providing a CATV filter assembled inside a housing; and marking, with a laser system, an outside of the housing with indicia relating to specific characteristics of the filter, wherein the housing is not mechanically deformed during the step of marking, therein resulting in unchanged RF characteristics of the filter as a result of the step of marking
- a marked device includes a CATV fitter assembled inside a housing; and an outside of the housing being laser-marked by a laser system with indicia relating to specific characteristics of the filter, wherein the housing is not mechanically deformed during the marking, therein resulting in unchanged RF characteristics of the filter as a result of the marking.
- FIG. 1 shows a laser system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic of the laser and laser control circuitry associated with the embodiment of FIG. 1 .
- a workpiece such as an outer shell or sleeve of a cable TV system component, which component preferably being a trap or surface mount product, is marked with indicia relating to specific characteristics of the system component such as the part number or other information, with the indicia preferably being a logo, bar-coding, date-coding, 2-D Matrix, or similar.
- the marking is preferably done with a laser, and preferably an excimer laser or pulsed solid state laser such as the VersaScribe GM Laser Marking System manufactured by Alase Technologies, Inc. According to Alase, VersaScribe GM YAG Laser Engraving Systems are designed to bring precision, reliability, versatility, and speed to the most demanding applications, with WinLase Software allowing for applications ranging from deep engraving to fine surface annealing.
- a laser preferably an excimer laser or pulsed solid state laser
- Alase VersaScribe GM YAG Laser Engraving Systems are designed to bring precision, reliability, versatility, and speed to the most demanding applications, with WinLase Software allowing for applications ranging from deep engraving to fine surface annealing.
- the VersaScribe YAG laser features q-switched, flash lamp technology for high laser energy densities and proven reliability.
- the laser preferably operates in TEMoo mode. Because the internal Q-switch is software controlled, the operator has the flexibility to change the laser beam power characteristics for marking materials such as steel, aluminum and soft plastics.
- the VersaScribe laser is a high performance Nd:YAG Laser Marker, with 80 watts CW at 1064 nm.
- the laser marking is preferably done at 90% power, 4 Khz with a marking speed of 500 mm/sec. This setting is used for both the stainless and brass cases.
- the etch depth is no greater than 0.0002′′ so that the base material is not exposed causing corrosion.
- an optically enclosed shroud 10 is preferably placed over a laser 12 and workpiece (not shown) such that an operator can view the workpiece through a viewing window 14 laser safety viewing glass. Multiple interlocks to laser 12 preferably prevent operation of laser 12 with shroud 10 out of position.
- An “Emergency Stop” (not shown) is preferably located on a laser control box PLC ( FIG. 2 ) within easy reach of the operator at all times.
- a quick-release latching (not shown) on shroud 10 preferably allows access for maintenance.
- a fixture 16 is preferably of the shuttle type with exchangeable inserts to accommodate various sleeve types, with the diameters of the sleeve types ranging from a trap sleeve to a SMT sleeve.
- Fixture 16 is connected to a fixture plate 18 .
- Fixture plate 18 is in turn slideably connected via a shuttle groove 20 to a platform 24 .
- Fixture plate 18 is slideable in and out through an opening 26 in shroud 10 using a slide handle 22 .
- a large green LED 28 is preferably mounted in shroud 10 to indicate that laser 12 is inactive, with a red LED 30 to identify the active state.
- the process is as follows.
- the operator inserts the sleeve by hand into fixture 16 on fixture plate 18 .
- Fixture plate 18 is shuttled into shroud 10 by the operator via slide handle 22 until fixture plate 18 reaches a shuttle stop 36 .
- Laser 12 is preferably activated by a sensor such as limit switch 32 detecting the presence of fixture plate 18 and the sleeve.
- laser control PLC preferably activates a solenoid 34 which returns fixture plate 18 and fixture 16 for another unload/load cycle of the sleeve.
- FIG. 2 A schematic for the laser and control circuitry is shown in FIG. 2 .
- the workpiece is a filter assembly which includes a housing and a filter disposed inside the housing, the housing is un-deformed by this laser marking operation.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
A CATV filter assembled inside a housing has the housing marked by a laser system with indicia relating to specific characteristics of the filter. The housing is thus not mechanically deformed during the step of marking, resulting in unchanged RF characteristics of the filter as a result of the marking
Description
- This invention relates generally to the field of cable television (CATV) filters, and more particularly to laser marking for identification of a CATV filter.
- Cable television (CATV) filters typically block channels from the full spectrum of channels offered to provide a limited or basic service to a subscriber at a lower price. Other CATV filters permit certain channels to pass through the filter while blocking the remainder. Because different models of filters block different groups of premium channels, the model numbers of the CATV filters are permanently printed, typically by roll stamping, into the metal housing of the filter. The filter tube is inserted into a support arbor after which raised hardened metal characters are rolled over the filter tube to leave an impression in the metal filter tube. Printed labels and ink labels are inadequate because of the filters' exposure to the environment and become impossible to read after sufficient exposure to the elements.
- In addition, users are now requesting even more information to be permanently printed onto the filters, e.g., bar codes and/or serial numbers to control better the use of the filters. It is not practical to stamp such information on the filters using roll stamping.
- Furthermore, stamping can deform the housing and change the internal characteristics of the performance of the filter, which fact can cause elaborate work-arounds when fabricating CATV filters.
- Briefly stated, a CATV filter assembled inside a housing has the housing marked by a laser system with indicia relating to specific characteristics of the filter. The housing is thus not mechanically deformed during the step of marking, resulting in unchanged RF characteristics of the filter as a result of the marking.
- According to an embodiment of the invention, a method includes the steps of providing a CATV filter assembled inside a housing; and marking, with a laser system, an outside of the housing with indicia relating to specific characteristics of the filter, wherein the housing is not mechanically deformed during the step of marking, therein resulting in unchanged RF characteristics of the filter as a result of the step of marking
- According to an embodiment of the invention, a marked device includes a CATV fitter assembled inside a housing; and an outside of the housing being laser-marked by a laser system with indicia relating to specific characteristics of the filter, wherein the housing is not mechanically deformed during the marking, therein resulting in unchanged RF characteristics of the filter as a result of the marking.
-
FIG. 1 shows a laser system according to an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 2 shows a schematic of the laser and laser control circuitry associated with the embodiment ofFIG. 1 . - According to an embodiment of the invention, a workpiece such as an outer shell or sleeve of a cable TV system component, which component preferably being a trap or surface mount product, is marked with indicia relating to specific characteristics of the system component such as the part number or other information, with the indicia preferably being a logo, bar-coding, date-coding, 2-D Matrix, or similar.
- The marking is preferably done with a laser, and preferably an excimer laser or pulsed solid state laser such as the VersaScribe GM Laser Marking System manufactured by Alase Technologies, Inc. According to Alase, VersaScribe GM YAG Laser Engraving Systems are designed to bring precision, reliability, versatility, and speed to the most demanding applications, with WinLase Software allowing for applications ranging from deep engraving to fine surface annealing.
- The VersaScribe YAG laser features q-switched, flash lamp technology for high laser energy densities and proven reliability. The laser preferably operates in TEMoo mode. Because the internal Q-switch is software controlled, the operator has the flexibility to change the laser beam power characteristics for marking materials such as steel, aluminum and soft plastics. The VersaScribe laser is a high performance Nd:YAG Laser Marker, with 80 watts CW at 1064 nm.
- The laser marking is preferably done at 90% power, 4 Khz with a marking speed of 500 mm/sec. This setting is used for both the stainless and brass cases. The etch depth is no greater than 0.0002″ so that the base material is not exposed causing corrosion.
- Referring to
FIG. 1 , an optically enclosedshroud 10 is preferably placed over a laser 12 and workpiece (not shown) such that an operator can view the workpiece through a viewing window 14 laser safety viewing glass. Multiple interlocks to laser 12 preferably prevent operation of laser 12 withshroud 10 out of position. An “Emergency Stop” (not shown) is preferably located on a laser control box PLC (FIG. 2 ) within easy reach of the operator at all times. A quick-release latching (not shown) onshroud 10 preferably allows access for maintenance. - To maintain the focal point of etching on the workpiece, a fixture 16 is preferably of the shuttle type with exchangeable inserts to accommodate various sleeve types, with the diameters of the sleeve types ranging from a trap sleeve to a SMT sleeve. Fixture 16 is connected to a fixture plate 18. Fixture plate 18 is in turn slideably connected via a shuttle groove 20 to a
platform 24. Fixture plate 18 is slideable in and out through an opening 26 inshroud 10 using aslide handle 22. A large green LED 28 is preferably mounted inshroud 10 to indicate that laser 12 is inactive, with ared LED 30 to identify the active state. - The process is as follows. The operator inserts the sleeve by hand into fixture 16 on fixture plate 18. Fixture plate 18 is shuttled into
shroud 10 by the operator viaslide handle 22 until fixture plate 18 reaches ashuttle stop 36. Laser 12 is preferably activated by a sensor such aslimit switch 32 detecting the presence of fixture plate 18 and the sleeve. Upon completion of the laser etch, laser control PLC preferably activates asolenoid 34 which returns fixture plate 18 and fixture 16 for another unload/load cycle of the sleeve. A schematic for the laser and control circuitry is shown inFIG. 2 . When the workpiece is a filter assembly which includes a housing and a filter disposed inside the housing, the housing is un-deformed by this laser marking operation. - While the present invention has been described with reference to a particular preferred embodiment and the accompanying drawings, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the preferred embodiment and that various modifications and the like could be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Claims (4)
1. A marked device, comprising:
a CATV filter assembled inside a housing; and
an outside of the housing being laser-marked by a laser system with indicia relating to specific characteristics of the filter, wherein the housing is not mechanically deformed during the marking, therein resulting in unchanged RF characteristics of the filter as a result of the marking
2. A device according to claim 1 , wherein the marking is to a depth in the housing not to exceed 0.0002 inches.
3. A device according to claim 1 , wherein the laser system comprises:
a laser;
a laser control circuit for the laser,
an optical shroud fitted over the laser and housing;
an opening in the optical shroud;
a fixture plate moveable through the opening from outside the optical shroud to inside the optical shroud;
a fixture removably mounted on the fixture plate for holding the housing; a window in the optical shroud whereby an operator can see the housing; a shuttle stop which physically stops the fixture plate when the fixture plate is in
position for laser marking of the housing;
a limit switch which activates the laser when the fixture plate is in position for laser marking of the housing; and
a shuttle return solenoid which moves the fixture plate out of the optical shroud when the laser is finished marking the housing.
4. A device according to claim 3 , wherein the marking is to a depth in the housing not to exceed 0.0002 inches.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/089,072 US20110197250A1 (en) | 2006-05-01 | 2011-04-18 | Laser Marked CATV Filter |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/380,960 US8124910B2 (en) | 2006-05-01 | 2006-05-01 | Laser marked CATV filter |
US13/089,072 US20110197250A1 (en) | 2006-05-01 | 2011-04-18 | Laser Marked CATV Filter |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/380,960 Division US8124910B2 (en) | 2006-05-01 | 2006-05-01 | Laser marked CATV filter |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20110197250A1 true US20110197250A1 (en) | 2011-08-11 |
Family
ID=38647781
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/380,960 Expired - Fee Related US8124910B2 (en) | 2006-05-01 | 2006-05-01 | Laser marked CATV filter |
US13/089,072 Abandoned US20110197250A1 (en) | 2006-05-01 | 2011-04-18 | Laser Marked CATV Filter |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/380,960 Expired - Fee Related US8124910B2 (en) | 2006-05-01 | 2006-05-01 | Laser marked CATV filter |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US8124910B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2585904A1 (en) |
Citations (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3486135A (en) * | 1968-08-19 | 1969-12-23 | Reliable Electric Co | Catv cable takeoff |
US5049721A (en) * | 1989-09-18 | 1991-09-17 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company | Laser marking apparatus and method for providing markings of enhanced readability in an outer jacket of a moving cable |
US5065278A (en) * | 1990-01-29 | 1991-11-12 | Power Guard | Cast housing encased CATV power supply unit |
US5111523A (en) * | 1990-01-03 | 1992-05-05 | Filotex | Laser-markable optical fiber or electric cable |
US5130721A (en) * | 1989-01-09 | 1992-07-14 | General Laser, Inc. | Laser wire marking method and apparatus |
US5474627A (en) * | 1990-10-11 | 1995-12-12 | Aerospatiale Societe Nationale Industrielle | Method for marking an electric cable |
US5477023A (en) * | 1993-04-23 | 1995-12-19 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Laser engraving system and method for engraving an image on a workpiece |
US20010023858A1 (en) * | 1996-02-23 | 2001-09-27 | Spectrum Technologies Limited Of Bridgend | Laser marking apparatus and methods |
US6370304B1 (en) * | 1998-09-28 | 2002-04-09 | Corning Cable Systems Llc | Radiation marking of fiber optic cable components |
US20020062537A1 (en) * | 2000-11-01 | 2002-05-30 | International Business Machines Corporation | Device and method for identifying cables |
US6421159B1 (en) * | 1996-09-11 | 2002-07-16 | The Domino Corporation | Multiple beam laser marking apparatus |
US6560390B2 (en) * | 1997-06-12 | 2003-05-06 | Corning Cable Systems, Llc | Fiber optic cable marking process and a sensor device for use therewith |
US6613161B2 (en) * | 2000-03-07 | 2003-09-02 | Singapore Institute Of Manufacturing Technology | Process for laser marking metal surfaces |
US6838639B2 (en) * | 2000-02-15 | 2005-01-04 | Datacard Corporation | Method for the machining of workpieces by means of several laser beams |
US20050133715A1 (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2005-06-23 | Applied Biosystems | Matrix with noise reduction additive and disposable target containing the same |
US20050257581A1 (en) * | 2004-04-29 | 2005-11-24 | Voorhees R J | Handcuff calipers |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4335295A (en) * | 1979-05-09 | 1982-06-15 | Fowler Gary J | Method of marking a metal device |
US5310989A (en) * | 1990-04-10 | 1994-05-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Method for laser-assisted etching of III-V and II-VI semiconductor compounds using chlorofluorocarbon ambients |
US5095204A (en) * | 1990-08-30 | 1992-03-10 | Ball Corporation | Machine vision inspection system and method for transparent containers |
GB2269782B (en) | 1992-08-20 | 1995-10-25 | British Aerospace | Method and apparatus for marking information on the outer surface of a polymer covered cable or wire |
FI92112C (en) | 1992-11-09 | 1994-09-26 | Partek Cargotec Oy | Method of designing on a glossy metal surface differs from darker from its background and a thus colored areas exhibiting metal surface |
JP3406817B2 (en) * | 1997-11-28 | 2003-05-19 | 株式会社東芝 | Method for marking metal layer and semiconductor device |
US6282807B1 (en) * | 1999-03-25 | 2001-09-04 | Filcon | Roll volume indicator |
US6462629B1 (en) * | 1999-06-15 | 2002-10-08 | Cts Corporation | Ablative RF ceramic block filters |
US20030047538A1 (en) * | 2001-09-12 | 2003-03-13 | Paul Trpkovski | Laser etching indicia apparatus |
US20050054126A1 (en) * | 2003-08-29 | 2005-03-10 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | System and method for marking the surface of a semiconductor package |
US7456793B2 (en) * | 2005-06-23 | 2008-11-25 | Motorola, Inc. | Electromagnetically transparent decorative metallic surface |
-
2006
- 2006-05-01 US US11/380,960 patent/US8124910B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-04-24 CA CA002585904A patent/CA2585904A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2011
- 2011-04-18 US US13/089,072 patent/US20110197250A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3486135A (en) * | 1968-08-19 | 1969-12-23 | Reliable Electric Co | Catv cable takeoff |
US5130721A (en) * | 1989-01-09 | 1992-07-14 | General Laser, Inc. | Laser wire marking method and apparatus |
US5049721A (en) * | 1989-09-18 | 1991-09-17 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company | Laser marking apparatus and method for providing markings of enhanced readability in an outer jacket of a moving cable |
US5111523A (en) * | 1990-01-03 | 1992-05-05 | Filotex | Laser-markable optical fiber or electric cable |
US5065278A (en) * | 1990-01-29 | 1991-11-12 | Power Guard | Cast housing encased CATV power supply unit |
US5474627A (en) * | 1990-10-11 | 1995-12-12 | Aerospatiale Societe Nationale Industrielle | Method for marking an electric cable |
US5477023A (en) * | 1993-04-23 | 1995-12-19 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Laser engraving system and method for engraving an image on a workpiece |
US20010023858A1 (en) * | 1996-02-23 | 2001-09-27 | Spectrum Technologies Limited Of Bridgend | Laser marking apparatus and methods |
US6421159B1 (en) * | 1996-09-11 | 2002-07-16 | The Domino Corporation | Multiple beam laser marking apparatus |
US6560390B2 (en) * | 1997-06-12 | 2003-05-06 | Corning Cable Systems, Llc | Fiber optic cable marking process and a sensor device for use therewith |
US6370304B1 (en) * | 1998-09-28 | 2002-04-09 | Corning Cable Systems Llc | Radiation marking of fiber optic cable components |
US6838639B2 (en) * | 2000-02-15 | 2005-01-04 | Datacard Corporation | Method for the machining of workpieces by means of several laser beams |
US6613161B2 (en) * | 2000-03-07 | 2003-09-02 | Singapore Institute Of Manufacturing Technology | Process for laser marking metal surfaces |
US20020062537A1 (en) * | 2000-11-01 | 2002-05-30 | International Business Machines Corporation | Device and method for identifying cables |
US20050133715A1 (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2005-06-23 | Applied Biosystems | Matrix with noise reduction additive and disposable target containing the same |
US20050257581A1 (en) * | 2004-04-29 | 2005-11-24 | Voorhees R J | Handcuff calipers |
US7328704B2 (en) * | 2004-04-29 | 2008-02-12 | Voorhees R John | Handcuff calipers |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2585904A1 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
US20070252663A1 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
US8124910B2 (en) | 2012-02-28 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |