US20100282614A1 - Process for producing sodium carbonate and/or sodium bicarbonate from an ore mineral comprising sodium bicarbonate - Google Patents

Process for producing sodium carbonate and/or sodium bicarbonate from an ore mineral comprising sodium bicarbonate Download PDF

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Publication number
US20100282614A1
US20100282614A1 US12/811,643 US81164309A US2010282614A1 US 20100282614 A1 US20100282614 A1 US 20100282614A1 US 81164309 A US81164309 A US 81164309A US 2010282614 A1 US2010282614 A1 US 2010282614A1
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solution
sodium bicarbonate
sodium
sodium carbonate
electrodialyser
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US12/811,643
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English (en)
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Jean-Paul Detournay
Francis M. Coustry
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Solvay SA
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Solvay SA
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Assigned to SOLVAY S.A. reassignment SOLVAY S.A. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DETOURNAY, JEAN-PAUL, COUSTRY, FRANCIS M.
Publication of US20100282614A1 publication Critical patent/US20100282614A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D7/00—Carbonates of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
    • C01D7/10—Preparation of bicarbonates from carbonates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
    • B01D61/422—Electrodialysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D1/00—Oxides or hydroxides of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
    • C01D1/04—Hydroxides
    • C01D1/28—Purification; Separation
    • C01D1/38—Purification; Separation by dialysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D7/00—Carbonates of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
    • C01D7/12—Preparation of carbonates from bicarbonates or bicarbonate-containing product
    • C01D7/126—Multi-step processes, e.g. from trona to soda ash
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D7/00—Carbonates of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
    • C01D7/22—Purification
    • C01D7/32—Purification by dialysis

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a process for producing sodium carbonate and/or sodium bicarbonate from an ore mineral comprising sodium bicarbonate, in particular from trona, nahcolite or from other mineral underground ores, rich in sodium bicarbonate values, such as Wegscheiderite or Decemite.
  • Nahcolite is an ore consisting primarily of sodium bicarbonate. There are for instance vast quantities of nahcolite in the Piceance Creek Basin in Northwestern Colorado, which deposits are in the form of beds and disseminated crystals in the Saline Zone of the Green River formation.
  • Trona ore is a mineral that contains about 90-95% sodium sesquicarbonate (Na 2 CO 3 .NaHCO 3 .2H 2 O).
  • a vast deposit of mineral trona is found in southeastern Wyoming near Green River. This deposit includes beds of trona and mixed trona and halite (rock salt or NaCl). By conservative estimates, the major trona beds contain about 75 billion metric tons of ore. The different beds overlap each other and are separated by layers of shale. The quality of the trona varies depending on its particular location in the stratum.
  • the sodium sesquicarbonate found in trona ore is a complex salt that is soluble in water and dissolves to yield approximately 5 parts by weight sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) and 4 parts sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ), as shown in the above analysis.
  • the trona ore is processed to remove the insoluble material, the organic matter and other impurities to recover the valuable alkali contained in the trona.
  • trona The most valuable alkali produced from trona is sodium carbonate.
  • Sodium carbonate is one of the largest volume alkali commodities made in the United States. In 1992, trona-based sodium carbonate from Wyoming comprised about 90% of the total U.S. soda ash production. Sodium carbonate finds major use in the glass-making industry and for the production of baking soda, detergents and paper products.
  • a common method to produce sodium carbonate from trona ore is known as the “monohydrate process”.
  • crushed trona ore is calcined (i.e., heated) into crude sodium carbonate which is then dissolved in water.
  • the resulting water solution is purified and fed to a crystallizer where pure sodium carbonate monohydrate crystals are crystallized.
  • the monohydrate crystals are separated from the mother liquor and then dried into anhydrous sodium carbonate.
  • This process is however very energy intensive, mainly due to the calcination step, which requires the use of large quantities of coal, fuel, gas or mixtures thereof.
  • sodium bicarbonate is a product with a wide range of interesting properties and a very wide range of applications from high tech ingredients for the pharma industry to the human food and animal feed, and to the use in flue gas treatment.
  • flue gas treatment sodium bicarbonate is most likely among the most efficient chemicals for the removal of a wide range of pollutants (most notably the acidic one), and its use is limited only by the competition of less efficient but much cheaper chemicals such as lime or even limestone.
  • the production of sodium bicarbonate is currently almost entirely made by the carbonation of sodium carbonate.
  • the carbonation is usually made in situ in the soda ash plants from CO 2 coproduced during the production of soda ash (mainly the CO 2 generation in the lime kilns).
  • the carbonation is usually made in separate plants which purchase independently the soda ash and the CO 2 and combine them. Because of the nature of this most important process, the production cost of the sodium bicarbonate is even above the cost of the sodium carbonate.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,636,289 discloses a method for recovering sodium carbonate from trona and other mixtures of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate.
  • sodium hydroxide is produced in electrodialytic cells and used to solution mine the mineral ore.
  • this process requires the introduction of sodium sulfates into the acid compartments of the electrodialysers, which appears to be difficult to put into practice in a cost effective and efficient way.
  • the invention aims at producing sodium carbonate and/or sodium bicarbonate from ore minerals, in a simple, economical way, avoiding the large energy consumption of the known processes.
  • the invention concerns a process to produce sodium carbonate and/or sodium bicarbonate from an ore mineral comprising sodium bicarbonate according to which:
  • a solution comprising sodium bicarbonate is optionally extracted from the less basic compartments.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates one particular embodiment of a process according to the invention.
  • a bipolar membrane is an ion exchange membrane comprising one cationic face—permeable for the cations and impermeable for the anions and an other anionic face—permeable for the anions and impermeable for the cations.
  • Such membrane can be produced by the juxtaposition of two monopolar membranes. Under a sufficient electric field, and in aqueous solution, the only possible reaction is the splitting of water at the interface between the two monopolar membranes into H + and OH ⁇ which then cross respectively the cationic and anionic monopolar membrane and exit the membrane into the adjacent compartments. It is recommended that the bipolar membranes are produced by the process as described in the patent application WO 01/79335 in the name of SOLVAY, in particular as described in its claims.
  • the electrodialyser contains at least two types of compartments and two types of membranes, cationic and bipolar. In some embodiments it can contain additional types of compartments and anionic membranes.
  • the electodialyser comprises only two types of compartments and only cationic and bipolar membranes.
  • each compartment is thus delimited on one side by a cationic membrane, and on the other side by a bipolar membrane.
  • the sodium hydroxide reacts with the sodium bicarbonate contained in the mineral ore.
  • the resulting sodium carbonate thanks to its high solubility is easily solubilized from the ore, which allows to extract efficiently the sodium values of the mineral ore.
  • the reaction solution comprises advantageously at most 120 g/kg, preferably at most 100 g/kg sodium hydroxide and at most 40 g/kg preferably 30 g/kg sodium carbonate. It is nevertheless preferable that the reaction solution comprises at least 40 g/kg, more preferably 50 g/kg sodium hydroxide.
  • reaction solution will be made by mixing the solution comprising sodium hydroxide which is extracted from the more basic compartments with fresh water or recycle waters, in order to dilute it.
  • the solution comprising sodium hydroxide can be advantageously used as such to form the reaction solution and put directly into contact with the mineral ore.
  • the output from the more basic compartments will have to be reintroduced in their input, in order to get the best sodium hydroxide concentration.
  • the control of the composition of the reaction solution allows to regulate the composition of the produced solution. It is advantageous that the produced solution comprises advantageously at least 200 g/kg, preferably 250 g/kg sodium carbonate.
  • At least part of the produced solution is evaporated in order to produce a suspension comprising sodium carbonate crystals, which are separated and valorized.
  • the evaporation can be made as in the monohydrate process, preferably by using mechanical vapor recompression.
  • the sodium carbonate monohydrate crystals are then preferably processed into dense soda ash.
  • a production solution comprising sodium carbonate is introduced into the less basic compartments of the electrodialyser. Due to the flux of Na + ions through the cationic membrane and an incoming flux of H + ions, at least part of the entering sodium carbonate is transformed into sodium bicarbonate, forming an output solution comprising sodium bicarbonate.
  • sodium bicarbonate is converted into carbon dioxide at the output of the less basic compartments of the cell.
  • the carbon dioxide can then be reacted with sodium carbonate solutions at other stages of the process, in order to produce sodium bicarbonate crystals.
  • a solution comprising sodium bicarbonate is extracted from the less basic compartments of the electrodialyser, this solution being afterwards cooled in order to produce a suspension comprising sodium bicarbonate crystals.
  • the suspension is separated into sodium bicarbonate crystals to be valorized and a sodium bicarbonate mother liquor.
  • the mother liquor is then preferably debicarbonated, in order to produce on one side a gas comprising CO 2 and on the other side a debicarbonated solution depleted in sodium bicarbonate and enriched in sodium carbonate.
  • the debicarbonated solution contains preferably not more than 60 g/kg, more preferably 50 g/kg, most preferably 40 g/kg sodium bicarbonate.
  • the debicarbonated solution can be mixed with the production solution and introduced into the electrodialyser. It can also be mixed with the produced solution in order to form the reaction solution.
  • the debicarbonation can be performed by vapor or preferably by air stripping.
  • the more basic compartments can be advantageously fed by introducing into them the debicarbonated solution produced in the recommended embodiment described just above.
  • it can be fed by a diluted sodium carbonate solution, containing advantageously at least 20 g/kg sodium carbonate, but at most 70 g/kg, preferably at most 50 g/kg sodium carbonate.
  • the more basic compartments are not fed by any solution coming from the outside.
  • the more basic compartments contain only NaOH produced in situ into those compartments by combination of Na + and OH ⁇ ions (crossing the cationic membranes and the anionic faces of the bipolar membranes), the input flow to the compartments being taken from their output (recirculation), with only supply of water, if necessary.
  • even the supply of external water is avoided, the less basic compartments being only fed by water passing through the ion exchange membranes into them.
  • the process according to the invention can be run with only one electrodialyser. It is however possible to use several electrodialysers, the output from some of them being used as input for others.
  • the solution comprising sodium bicarbonate which is extracted from the less basic compartments of the electrodialyser is introduced into the less basic compartments of another electrodialyser.
  • the mother liquor is then introduced into the other electrodialyser.
  • the concentration in sodium carbonate of the solution comprising sodium bicarbonate which is introduced into the other electrodialyser is sufficiently low so as to generate CO 2 gas into the less basic compartments of this other electrodialyser.
  • any additional flux of Na + ions passing through those membranes has the consequence of destroying sodium bicarbonate into CO 2 and water.
  • the generated CO 2 gas is then advantageously used to react with part of the sodium carbonate solution produced through the contact with the mineral ores, in order to produce sodium bicarbonate crystals.
  • This reaction can be performed in gas-liquid contactors suitable for the carbonation of sodium carbonate solutions.
  • the sodium carbonate solution can be first concentrated by any suitable means, before its carbonation.
  • the sodium hydroxide is produced in the electrodialyser out of a sodium carbonate solution and the sodium carbonate solution is in turn very simply obtained by using part of the solution produced by the reaction of the sodium hydroxide with the sodium bicarbonate part of the mineral ore.
  • Different mineral ores can be utilized and the mineral ores can be put into contact with the reaction solution in very different ways, for instance in surface equipments using excavated mineral ores. The simplicity of this process allows to use it at large industrial scale. It is particularly interesting to introduce the reaction solution underground and put it into contact with subterranean mineral ore deposits.
  • the solution comprising sodium carbonate is then formed underground and extracted by conventional solution mining techniques. This embodiment is suited to Trona, Nahcolite, Wegscheiderite or Decemite mineral underground ores.
  • the mineral ore comprising sodium bicarbonate is an underground trona or nahcolite ore mineral.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a particular embodiment of the invention.
  • a production solution 1 comprising sodium carbonate is introduced into the less basic compartments of an electrodialyser 2 comprising alternating less basic and more basic compartments.
  • a solution 3 comprising sodium bicarbonate is extracted from the less basic compartments and a solution 4 comprising sodium hydroxide is extracted from the more basic compartments of the electrodialyser.
  • the solution 3 is cooled in the crystallizer 5 , resulting in sodium bicarbonate crystals 6 and a mother liquor 7 .
  • the mother liquor 7 is debicarbonated by air stripping in the contactor 8 , resulting in CO 2 gas 9 and debicarbonated mother liquor 10 , part of which ( 10 ′) is sent back to the electrodialyser and part of which is mixed with the solution 4 comprising sodium hydroxide together with fresh water 11 , to form the reaction solution 12 .
  • the reaction solution 12 is injected into a subterranean trona mine 13 .
  • a solution comprising sodium carbonate 14 is extracted from the trona mine.
  • a produced solution 14 ′ is taken out of this solution 14 and sent to an evaporator (not represented), wherein sodium carbonate monohydrate crystals are formed. Those crystals are thereafter valorized, for instance by transformation into dense soda ash.
  • the remaining part of the solution 14 is sent to the electrodialyser, constituting after mixing with debicarbonated mother liquor 10 ′ the production solution 1 .
  • the process illustrated by the FIG. 1 is operated in the following way.
  • a quantity of 0.024 m 3 /h of a production solution comprising 110 g/kg sodium carbonate and 32 g/kg sodium bicarbonate is introduced at a temperature of 29° C. into the less basic compartments of an electrodialyser.
  • the electrodialyser comprise bipolar membranes produced by ASTOM, model NEOSEPTA BP-1E and cationic membranes NAFION® 324, produced by DuPont.
  • a current density of 1 kA/m 2 is applied to the elementary cell.
  • a solution 3 comprising 117 g/kg sodium bicarbonate and 20 g/kg sodium carbonate at a temperature of 65° C.
  • a solution 4 comprising 357 g/kg of sodium hydroxide is extracted from the more basic compartments of the electrodialyser at a flow rate of 0.002 m 3 /h and a temperature of 65° C.
  • a reaction solution comprising 68 g/kg NaOH and 27 g/kg Na 2 CO 3 is introduced at a flow rate of 0.012 m 3 /h and at a temperature of 50° C. into a trona mine comprising trona ore having the composition described in the introductory part of this specification, the temperature of the ore being approximately 25° C.
  • a solution 14 comprising 280 g/kg Na 2 CO 3 is extracted from the mine at a flow rate of 0.014 m 3 /h and a temperature of approximately 30° C.
  • a part of 0.008 m 3 /h is subtracted from this solution 14 for evaporation and sodium carbonate crystallization.
  • the remaining flow rate is mixed with 0.02 m 3 /h of debicarbonated mother liquor 10 ′ containing 50 g/kg sodium carbonate and 43 g/kg sodium bicarbonate.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
  • Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
US12/811,643 2008-01-08 2009-01-06 Process for producing sodium carbonate and/or sodium bicarbonate from an ore mineral comprising sodium bicarbonate Abandoned US20100282614A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08150104.1 2008-01-08
EP08150104A EP2078697A1 (de) 2008-01-08 2008-01-08 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Natriumkarbonat und/oder Natriumbikarbonat aus einem Erzmineral mit Natriumbikarbonat
PCT/EP2009/050075 WO2009087145A1 (en) 2008-01-08 2009-01-06 Process for producing sodium carbonate and/or sodium bicarbonate from an ore mineral comprising sodium bicarbonate

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US (1) US20100282614A1 (de)
EP (2) EP2078697A1 (de)
CN (1) CN101918316B (de)
ES (1) ES2625298T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2009087145A1 (de)

Cited By (19)

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US20110217227A1 (en) * 2008-07-23 2011-09-08 Fze Engsl Combined solid waste, carbon dioxide quicklime sparging, brine water, and reverse osmosis/ion exchange processes for the production of soda chemicals
WO2012096987A1 (en) * 2011-01-11 2012-07-19 Calera Corporation Systems and methods for soda ash production
EP2607313A1 (de) 2011-12-23 2013-06-26 Solvay SA Lösungsabbau von erzhaltigem Natriumcarbonat und -bicarbonat
WO2014042781A3 (en) * 2012-09-14 2014-05-08 Liquid Light, Inc. Process and high surface area electrodes for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide
US8821709B2 (en) 2012-07-26 2014-09-02 Liquid Light, Inc. System and method for oxidizing organic compounds while reducing carbon dioxide
US8845878B2 (en) 2010-07-29 2014-09-30 Liquid Light, Inc. Reducing carbon dioxide to products
US8845877B2 (en) 2010-03-19 2014-09-30 Liquid Light, Inc. Heterocycle catalyzed electrochemical process
US8858777B2 (en) 2012-07-26 2014-10-14 Liquid Light, Inc. Process and high surface area electrodes for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide
US8961774B2 (en) 2010-11-30 2015-02-24 Liquid Light, Inc. Electrochemical production of butanol from carbon dioxide and water
US8986533B2 (en) 2009-01-29 2015-03-24 Princeton University Conversion of carbon dioxide to organic products
US9085827B2 (en) 2012-07-26 2015-07-21 Liquid Light, Inc. Integrated process for producing carboxylic acids from carbon dioxide
US9090976B2 (en) 2010-12-30 2015-07-28 The Trustees Of Princeton University Advanced aromatic amine heterocyclic catalysts for carbon dioxide reduction
US9175409B2 (en) 2012-07-26 2015-11-03 Liquid Light, Inc. Multiphase electrochemical reduction of CO2
US9222179B2 (en) 2010-03-19 2015-12-29 Liquid Light, Inc. Purification of carbon dioxide from a mixture of gases
US9267212B2 (en) 2012-07-26 2016-02-23 Liquid Light, Inc. Method and system for production of oxalic acid and oxalic acid reduction products
US9309599B2 (en) 2010-11-30 2016-04-12 Liquid Light, Inc. Heterocycle catalyzed carbonylation and hydroformylation with carbon dioxide
US9873951B2 (en) 2012-09-14 2018-01-23 Avantium Knowledge Centre B.V. High pressure electrochemical cell and process for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide
US10119196B2 (en) 2010-03-19 2018-11-06 Avantium Knowledge Centre B.V. Electrochemical production of synthesis gas from carbon dioxide
US10329676B2 (en) 2012-07-26 2019-06-25 Avantium Knowledge Centre B.V. Method and system for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide employing a gas diffusion electrode

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FR2926027A1 (fr) 2008-01-07 2009-07-10 Solvay Procede de production de bicarbonate de sodium, pour desulfuration de fumees.
EP2078698A1 (de) 2008-01-08 2009-07-15 SOLVAY (Société Anonyme) Verfahren zur Herstellung von Natriumcarbonat
EP2321497B1 (de) 2008-08-01 2017-06-14 Solvay Chemicals, Inc. Systeme und verfahren zur beweglichen hinterschnittenen untertagelaugung
WO2010072793A1 (en) 2008-12-22 2010-07-01 Solvay Sa Process for the joint production of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate
EP2399866A1 (de) 2010-06-22 2011-12-28 Solvay SA Verfahren für die gemeinsame Erzeugung von Natriumkarbonat und Natriumbikarbonat
US8865095B2 (en) 2011-12-20 2014-10-21 Solvay Sa Process for producing sodium bicarbonate
FR2984298A1 (fr) * 2011-12-20 2013-06-21 Solvay Procede de production de bicarbonate de sodium
FR2984299A1 (fr) * 2011-12-20 2013-06-21 Solvay Procede de production de bicarbonate de sodium
WO2013092754A1 (en) 2011-12-23 2013-06-27 Solvay Sa Process for the joint production of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate
CN105026314A (zh) 2012-12-07 2015-11-04 索尔维公司 用于从包含碳酸氢钠的矿石矿物生产碳酸钠的方法
CN105102759B (zh) * 2012-12-13 2018-03-30 索尔维公司 用于从地下苏打矿床中回收苏打价值的方法
BR102019001452A2 (pt) * 2019-01-24 2020-08-04 Luciano José Panchera Carbonato de sódio em estado líquido e respectivo processo de obtenção

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US8623316B2 (en) * 2008-07-23 2014-01-07 Fze Engsl Combined solid waste, carbon dioxide quicklime sparging, brine water, and reverse osmosis/ion exchange processes for the production of soda chemicals
US20110217227A1 (en) * 2008-07-23 2011-09-08 Fze Engsl Combined solid waste, carbon dioxide quicklime sparging, brine water, and reverse osmosis/ion exchange processes for the production of soda chemicals
US8986533B2 (en) 2009-01-29 2015-03-24 Princeton University Conversion of carbon dioxide to organic products
US10119196B2 (en) 2010-03-19 2018-11-06 Avantium Knowledge Centre B.V. Electrochemical production of synthesis gas from carbon dioxide
US9970117B2 (en) 2010-03-19 2018-05-15 Princeton University Heterocycle catalyzed electrochemical process
US9222179B2 (en) 2010-03-19 2015-12-29 Liquid Light, Inc. Purification of carbon dioxide from a mixture of gases
US8845877B2 (en) 2010-03-19 2014-09-30 Liquid Light, Inc. Heterocycle catalyzed electrochemical process
US8845878B2 (en) 2010-07-29 2014-09-30 Liquid Light, Inc. Reducing carbon dioxide to products
US8961774B2 (en) 2010-11-30 2015-02-24 Liquid Light, Inc. Electrochemical production of butanol from carbon dioxide and water
US9309599B2 (en) 2010-11-30 2016-04-12 Liquid Light, Inc. Heterocycle catalyzed carbonylation and hydroformylation with carbon dioxide
US9090976B2 (en) 2010-12-30 2015-07-28 The Trustees Of Princeton University Advanced aromatic amine heterocyclic catalysts for carbon dioxide reduction
WO2012096987A1 (en) * 2011-01-11 2012-07-19 Calera Corporation Systems and methods for soda ash production
US9010869B2 (en) 2011-12-23 2015-04-21 Solvay Sa Solution mining of ore containing sodium carbonate and bicarbonate
EP2607314A1 (de) 2011-12-23 2013-06-26 Solvay SA Lösungsabbau von erzhaltigem Natriumcarbonat und -bicarbonat
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EP2078697A1 (de) 2009-07-15
WO2009087145A1 (en) 2009-07-16
WO2009087145A8 (en) 2010-08-05
CN101918316B (zh) 2012-07-18
EP2240408B1 (de) 2017-03-15
ES2625298T3 (es) 2017-07-19
CN101918316A (zh) 2010-12-15
EP2240408A1 (de) 2010-10-20

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