US20100175381A1 - Swirler - Google Patents
Swirler Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20100175381A1 US20100175381A1 US12/597,261 US59726108A US2010175381A1 US 20100175381 A1 US20100175381 A1 US 20100175381A1 US 59726108 A US59726108 A US 59726108A US 2010175381 A1 US2010175381 A1 US 2010175381A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- plate
- vane
- swirler
- central axis
- height
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
- F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
- F23R3/10—Air inlet arrangements for primary air
- F23R3/12—Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex
- F23R3/14—Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex by using swirl vanes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
- F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
- F23C7/004—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion using vanes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
- F23D2900/14—Special features of gas burners
- F23D2900/14021—Premixing burners with swirling or vortices creating means for fuel or air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
- F23D2900/14—Special features of gas burners
- F23D2900/14701—Swirling means inside the mixing tube or chamber to improve premixing
Definitions
- the invention relates to a fuel injection system and improvements for the further diminishment of air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NO x ).
- air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NO x ).
- the first is to use a fine distribution of fuel in the air, generating a fuel/air mixture with a low fuel fraction.
- the thermal mass of the excess air present in the reaction zone of a lean premixed combustor absorbs heat and limits the temperature rise of the products of combustion to a level where thermal NO x is not excessively fowled.
- the second measure is to provide a thorough mixing of fuel and air prior to combustion. The better the mixing, the fewer regions exist where the fuel concentration is significantly higher than average, the fewer the regions reaching higher temperatures than average, the lower the fraction of thermal NO x will be.
- premixing of fuel and air in a gas turbine engine takes place by injecting fuel into an air stream in a swirling zone of a combustor which is located upstream from the combustion zone.
- the swirling produces a mixing of fuel and air before the mixture enters the combustion zone.
- An object of the invention is to provide a swirler, allowing for a better pre-mixing of gaseous fuel and compressor air to provide a homogeneous fuel/air mixture and thereby reduce formation of NO x .
- Another objective is to provide a burner with an improved swirler.
- Still another objective is to provide a gas turbine with an improved swirler.
- An inventive swirler incorporates a modified radial swirler assembly.
- the modification is best described by a partly twisted radial swirler.
- None of the prior art is targeting the generation of turbulent secondary flows along the swirl vanes with the specific aim of assisting fuel air mixing.
- the twisted vanes comprise straight parts at the base portions of the twisted vanes.
- This feature provides a well defined shear layer region for any reverse flow into the swirler assembly. This is advantageous because it increases the stability of any flame in that region.
- the height of the straight parts should not exceed 50% of the twisted vanes' height in order to benefit from the turbulent secondary flows generated in the twisted parts. Therefore it is also advantageous to twist the vanes by an angle of up to 120°. However, twisted vanes with angles differing considerably from 120° will also provide desirable turbulent secondary flows.
- FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a prior art radial swirler
- FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a swirler in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 3 shows another perspective view of a swirler with twisted vanes in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 1 a typical prior art radial swirler 1 is shown.
- the turning vanes 9 of a radial swirler 1 are arranged on a first plate 2 that is normal to the central axis 3 of the swirler 1 body.
- the vanes 9 are of pie slice type with substantially triangular cross-sections 4 (see FIG. 3 ) and rectangular side faces 13 and a slightly curved outer surface 10 .
- the turning vanes 9 are fixed to a second plate 8 with their sides showing away from the first plate 2 .
- Swirler passages 14 are formed by opposing side faces 13 of swirler vanes 9 , by the surface of the first plate 2 and by a surface of the second plate 8 .
- the second plate 8 is connected to a combustion pre-chamber 11 .
- This configuration of the swirler 1 forces the airflow (as shown by the arrows) to move within the passages 14 radially inwardly towards the central axis 3 of the swirler 1 body.
- a radial swirler 1 is capable of creating strong swirl and thorough mixing with little concern of the problem of aerodynamic wake flows.
- FIG. 2 shows the view of an embodiment of the inventive swirler 1 .
- Respective base portions 6 of the turning vanes 9 are arranged on a first plate 2 that is normal to the central axis 3 of the swirler 1 body and the cross-sections 4 (see FIG. 3 ) of the vanes 9 are of substantially triangular shape.
- the vanes 9 are twisted and will be referred to as twisted vanes 5 .
- the embodiment of FIG. 2 comprises twisted vanes 5 with straight base portions 6 and twisted parts 7 .
- the straight base portions 6 have a shape described by a translation of the vane cross-sections 4 (see FIG.
- FIG. 3 shows an inventive swirler 1 without second plate 8 and combustor pre-chamber 11 (see FIGS. 1 and 2 ) where the twisted vanes 5 are arranged on a first plate 2 .
- the substantially triangular vane cross-sections 4 can be seen very clearly in this view.
- FIG. 3 shows the turbulent secondary flows 12 generated along the twisted vanes 5 , improving fuel/air mixing.
Abstract
A swirler including a plate normal to a central axis of the swirler, a plurality of vane cross-sections arranged on the plate and radially positioned about the central axis and a plurality of twisted vanes is provided. The twisted part of each vane is twisted around the central axis wherein the cross section of the twisting vane is normal to the central axis. In one aspect, each vane has an essentially triangular cross section.
Description
- This application is the US National Stage of International Application No. PCT/EP2008/054658, filed Apr. 17, 2008 and claims the benefit thereof. The International Application claims the benefits of European Patent Office application No. 07008236.7 EP filed Apr. 23, 2007, both of the applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
- The invention relates to a fuel injection system and improvements for the further diminishment of air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx).
- Air pollution is a worldwide concern and many countries have enacted stricter laws further limiting the emission of pollutants from gas turbine engines or offer fiscal or other benefits for environmentally sound installations. Although the prior techniques for reducing the emissions of NOx from gas turbine engines are steps in the right direction, the need for additional improvements remains.
- There are two main measures by which reduction of the temperature of the combustion flame can be achieved. The first is to use a fine distribution of fuel in the air, generating a fuel/air mixture with a low fuel fraction. The thermal mass of the excess air present in the reaction zone of a lean premixed combustor absorbs heat and limits the temperature rise of the products of combustion to a level where thermal NOx is not excessively fowled. The second measure is to provide a thorough mixing of fuel and air prior to combustion. The better the mixing, the fewer regions exist where the fuel concentration is significantly higher than average, the fewer the regions reaching higher temperatures than average, the lower the fraction of thermal NOx will be.
- Usually the premixing of fuel and air in a gas turbine engine takes place by injecting fuel into an air stream in a swirling zone of a combustor which is located upstream from the combustion zone. The swirling produces a mixing of fuel and air before the mixture enters the combustion zone.
- An object of the invention is to provide a swirler, allowing for a better pre-mixing of gaseous fuel and compressor air to provide a homogeneous fuel/air mixture and thereby reduce formation of NOx. Another objective is to provide a burner with an improved swirler. Still another objective is to provide a gas turbine with an improved swirler.
- These objectives are achieved by the claims. The dependent claims describe advantageous developments and modifications of the invention.
- An inventive swirler incorporates a modified radial swirler assembly. The modification is best described by a partly twisted radial swirler.
- Unlike axial swirlers where the air inflow is predominantly entering the swirler and being deflected by the action of an aerofoil, air is admitted to the swirler over the entire length of the swirl slot or vane section, where it is deflected into a swirling motion.
- The added advantage of such a configuration is that the twisted vane ensures that the air entry flow is ‘tumbled’ and hence provides a means for enhanced fuel air mixing.
- None of the prior art is targeting the generation of turbulent secondary flows along the swirl vanes with the specific aim of assisting fuel air mixing.
- In an advantageous arrangement the twisted vanes comprise straight parts at the base portions of the twisted vanes. This feature provides a well defined shear layer region for any reverse flow into the swirler assembly. This is advantageous because it increases the stability of any flame in that region. The height of the straight parts should not exceed 50% of the twisted vanes' height in order to benefit from the turbulent secondary flows generated in the twisted parts. Therefore it is also advantageous to twist the vanes by an angle of up to 120°. However, twisted vanes with angles differing considerably from 120° will also provide desirable turbulent secondary flows.
- By such a design a better pre-mixing of gaseous fuel with compressor air and a homogeneous fuel/air mixture is achieved to reduce formation of NOx.
- The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
-
FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a prior art radial swirler, -
FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a swirler in accordance with the present invention, and -
FIG. 3 shows another perspective view of a swirler with twisted vanes in accordance with the present invention. - In the drawings like references identify like or equivalent parts.
- Referring to
FIG. 1 , a typical prior art radial swirler 1 is shown. The turningvanes 9 of a radial swirler 1 are arranged on afirst plate 2 that is normal to thecentral axis 3 of the swirler 1 body. Thevanes 9 are of pie slice type with substantially triangular cross-sections 4 (seeFIG. 3 ) andrectangular side faces 13 and a slightly curvedouter surface 10. Theturning vanes 9 are fixed to asecond plate 8 with their sides showing away from thefirst plate 2. Swirlerpassages 14 are formed by opposing side faces 13 ofswirler vanes 9, by the surface of thefirst plate 2 and by a surface of thesecond plate 8. Thesecond plate 8 is connected to a combustion pre-chamber 11. - This configuration of the swirler 1 forces the airflow (as shown by the arrows) to move within the
passages 14 radially inwardly towards thecentral axis 3 of the swirler 1 body. Already with this simple prior art straight vane geometry, a radial swirler 1 is capable of creating strong swirl and thorough mixing with little concern of the problem of aerodynamic wake flows. -
FIG. 2 shows the view of an embodiment of the inventive swirler 1.Respective base portions 6 of theturning vanes 9 are arranged on afirst plate 2 that is normal to thecentral axis 3 of the swirler 1 body and the cross-sections 4 (seeFIG. 3 ) of thevanes 9 are of substantially triangular shape. Unlike prior art, thevanes 9 are twisted and will be referred to astwisted vanes 5. The embodiment ofFIG. 2 comprisestwisted vanes 5 withstraight base portions 6 andtwisted parts 7. Thestraight base portions 6 have a shape described by a translation of the vane cross-sections 4 (seeFIG. 3 ) parallel to thecentral axis 3 of the swirler 1, whereas thetwisted parts 7 have a shape described by a further translation of thevane cross-sections 4 along thecentral axis 3 superimposed by a rotation of thevane cross-sections 4 about thecentral axis 3. - With reference to
FIG. 3 , an inventive swirler 1 is shown withoutsecond plate 8 and combustor pre-chamber 11 (seeFIGS. 1 and 2 ) where thetwisted vanes 5 are arranged on afirst plate 2. The substantiallytriangular vane cross-sections 4 can be seen very clearly in this view.FIG. 3 shows the turbulentsecondary flows 12 generated along thetwisted vanes 5, improving fuel/air mixing.
Claims (19)
1.-8. (canceled)
9. A swirler, comprising:
a first plate normal to a central axis of the swirler;
a second plate; and
a plurality of vanes arranged between the first plate and the second plate and radially positioned around the central axis,
wherein each vane has a straight base portion which is arranged at the first plate, and a twisted part arranged between the straight base portion and the second plate, and
wherein the twisted part of each vane is built by twisting the vane around the central axis, and
wherein a cross-section of the respective vane is normal to the central axis, over a first height of the respective vane is the same at every height of the respective vane.
10. The swirler as claimed in claim 9 ,
wherein each vane has an essentially triangular cross-section.
11. The swirler as claimed in claim 9 , wherein each vane comprises three longitudinal sides extending between the first plate and the second plate.
12. The swirler as claimed in claim 9 , wherein an angle of rotation of the twisted part of each vane is less than or equal to 120°.
13. The swirler as claimed in claim 9 , wherein a second height of each straight base portion is equal to or less than 50% of the first height of the vane.
14. The swirler as claimed in claim 9 , wherein each swirler passage of a plurality of swirler passages are formed by opposing side faces of adjacent vanes, by the first plate, and by the second plate.
15. A burner, comprising:
a swirler, comprising:
a first plate normal to a central axis of the swirler,
a second plate, and
a plurality of vanes arranged between the first plate and the second plate and radially positioned around the central axis,
wherein each vane has a straight base portion which is arranged at the first plate, and a twisted part arranged between the straight base portion and the second plate, and
wherein the twisted part of each vane is built by twisting the vane around the central axis, and
wherein a cross-section of the respective vane is normal to the central axis, over a first height of the respective vane is the same at every height of the respective vane.
16. The burner as claimed in claim 15 ,
wherein each vane has an essentially triangular cross-section.
17. The burner as claimed in claim 15 , wherein each vane comprises three longitudinal sides extending between the first plate and the second plate.
18. The burner as claimed in claim 15 , wherein an angle of rotation of the twisted part of each vane is less than or equal to 120°.
19. The burner as claimed in claim 15 , wherein a second height of each straight base portion is equal to or less than 50% of the first height of the vane.
20. The burner as claimed in claim 15 , wherein each swirler passage of a plurality of swirler passages are formed by opposing side faces of adjacent vanes, by the first plate, and by the second plate.
21. A turbine engine, comprising:
a burner, comprising:
a swirler, comprising:
a first plate normal to a central axis of the swirler,
a second plate, and
a plurality of vanes arranged between the first plate and the second plate and radially positioned around the central axis,
wherein each vane has a straight base portion which is arranged at the first plate, and a twisted part arranged between the straight base portion and the second plate, and
wherein the twisted part of each vane is built by twisting the vane around the central axis, and
wherein a cross-section of the respective vane is normal to the central axis, over a first height of the respective vane is the same at every height of the respective vane.
22. The turbine engine as claimed in claim 21 ,
wherein each vane has an essentially triangular cross-section.
23. The turbine engine as claimed in claim 21 , wherein each vane comprises three longitudinal sides extending between the first plate and the second plate.
24. The turbine engine as claimed in claim 21 , wherein an angle of rotation of the twisted part of each vane is less than or equal to 120°.
25. The turbine engine as claimed in claim 21 , wherein a second height of each straight base portion is equal to or less than 50% of the first height of the vane.
26. The turbine engine as claimed in claim 21 , wherein each swirler passage of a plurality of swirler passages is formed by opposing side faces of adjacent vanes, by the first plate, and by the second plate.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP07008236.7 | 2007-04-23 | ||
EP07008236A EP1985924A1 (en) | 2007-04-23 | 2007-04-23 | Swirler |
PCT/EP2008/054658 WO2008128955A1 (en) | 2007-04-23 | 2008-04-17 | Swirler |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20100175381A1 true US20100175381A1 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
Family
ID=38521629
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/597,261 Abandoned US20100175381A1 (en) | 2007-04-23 | 2008-04-17 | Swirler |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20100175381A1 (en) |
EP (2) | EP1985924A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101668989B (en) |
RU (1) | RU2467253C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008128955A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100221673A1 (en) * | 2009-02-27 | 2010-09-02 | Briggs Jr Oliver G | Swirl block register design for wall fired burners |
US20140083121A1 (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2014-03-27 | Carrier Corporation | Ejector with Motive Flow Swirl |
US8950187B2 (en) * | 2012-07-10 | 2015-02-10 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Premix burner of the multi-cone type for a gas turbine |
US9951955B2 (en) | 2011-05-17 | 2018-04-24 | Snecma | Annular combustion chamber for a turbine engine |
US20230003387A1 (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2023-01-05 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel nozzle device |
EP4206533A3 (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2023-09-06 | General Electric Company | Engine fuel nozzle and swirler |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SI22991A (en) * | 2009-03-19 | 2010-09-30 | BRINOX@@d@o@o | Enhanced processing device for coating particles based on a new air vortex generator concept |
CN103851623B (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2017-03-15 | 李延新 | A kind of combustor of pressure Hui Yan |
EP3236157A1 (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2017-10-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Swirler for mixing fuel with air in a combustion engine |
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- 2008-04-17 CN CN2008800133415A patent/CN101668989B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-04-17 WO PCT/EP2008/054658 patent/WO2008128955A1/en active Application Filing
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Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100221673A1 (en) * | 2009-02-27 | 2010-09-02 | Briggs Jr Oliver G | Swirl block register design for wall fired burners |
US8517719B2 (en) * | 2009-02-27 | 2013-08-27 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Swirl block register design for wall fired burners |
US9951955B2 (en) | 2011-05-17 | 2018-04-24 | Snecma | Annular combustion chamber for a turbine engine |
US20140083121A1 (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2014-03-27 | Carrier Corporation | Ejector with Motive Flow Swirl |
US10928101B2 (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2021-02-23 | Carrier Corporation | Ejector with motive flow swirl |
US8950187B2 (en) * | 2012-07-10 | 2015-02-10 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Premix burner of the multi-cone type for a gas turbine |
US20230003387A1 (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2023-01-05 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel nozzle device |
US11668465B2 (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2023-06-06 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel nozzle device comprising a swirler having spiral swirl vanes |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101668989B (en) | 2012-01-04 |
RU2009143010A (en) | 2011-05-27 |
WO2008128955A1 (en) | 2008-10-30 |
CN101668989A (en) | 2010-03-10 |
EP1985924A1 (en) | 2008-10-29 |
EP2137460A1 (en) | 2009-12-30 |
RU2467253C2 (en) | 2012-11-20 |
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