US20100147028A1 - System and method for tempering glass containers - Google Patents
System and method for tempering glass containers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20100147028A1 US20100147028A1 US12/711,497 US71149710A US2010147028A1 US 20100147028 A1 US20100147028 A1 US 20100147028A1 US 71149710 A US71149710 A US 71149710A US 2010147028 A1 US2010147028 A1 US 2010147028A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- glass container
- predetermined temperature
- set forth
- plates
- heated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B29/00—Reheating glass products for softening or fusing their surfaces; Fire-polishing; Fusing of margins
- C03B29/02—Reheating glass products for softening or fusing their surfaces; Fire-polishing; Fusing of margins in a discontinuous way
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B27/00—Tempering or quenching glass products
- C03B27/04—Tempering or quenching glass products using gas
- C03B27/06—Tempering or quenching glass products using gas for glass products other than flat or bent glass plates, e.g. hollow glassware, lenses
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B27/00—Tempering or quenching glass products
- C03B27/04—Tempering or quenching glass products using gas
- C03B27/06—Tempering or quenching glass products using gas for glass products other than flat or bent glass plates, e.g. hollow glassware, lenses
- C03B27/062—Nozzles or blow-heads, e.g. tubes
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to glass containers and, more particularly, to a system and method for tempering glass containers such as bottles, tumblers, and jars.
- Tempered glass is generally defined as glass (e.g., annealed or ordinary) that has been pre-stressed by heating it to a temperature at or above its softening point and forcing the glass to suddenly and rapidly quench under carefully controlled conditions. This tempering process produces tempered glass, which has highly desirable conditions of induced stress that result in additional strength, resistance to thermal stress, and impact-resistance, as compared to annealed or ordinary glass.
- the basic principle employed in the tempering process is to create an initial condition of surface- and edge-compression. This condition is achieved by first heating the glass and then quenching the surfaces thereof rapidly. Such heating and quenching leaves the center of the glass relatively hot compared to the surfaces thereof. As the center then cools, the surfaces and edges of the glass are forced into compression. Wind pressure, missile impact, thermal stresses, or other applied loads must first overcome the compression before there is any possibility of fracture to the glass.
- the heating step it is known to use a hearth or lehr to heat glass that is to be tempered.
- the lehr is a furnace and may be of a continuous-roller type, fixtured-roller type, or gas type.
- a gas-type lehr has a plurality of blocks disposed beneath a plurality of radiant heaters.
- the glass is placed inside the lehr, where the glass is heated by conventional radiation and convection and conduction heat.
- the glass is moved along the blocks at a predetermined rate, which depends upon the thermal conductivity of the glass, to reach a temperature in the forming range of the glass.
- the glass is at a temperature in such range (e.g., approximately 1200 oF)
- the glass is formed into a predetermined shape of the blocks.
- the surfaces of the glass are rapidly air-quenched, typically by application of an air stream thereto, thus creating a desired temperature differential or gradient between the center of the glass and the surfaces thereof to create a desired internal stress.
- the air stream can consist of arrays of fixed, reciprocating, or rotating nozzles. It is important to extract heat uniformly from all surfaces of the glass (uneven heat extraction may produce bow or warp) and to sustain the quench long enough to prevent reheating of the surfaces from the still-hot center of the glass. A quenched condition becomes stable when the glass is reduced to a temperature of approximately 400-600 oF.
- the present invention is a system and method for tempering a glass container.
- the method includes the steps of pre-heating the glass container to a first predetermined temperature.
- the method also includes the steps of applying radio-frequency energy to the pre-heated glass container to heat the glass container to a second predetermined temperature and, after a predetermined amount of time, simultaneously cooling at least one surface of the heated glass container to a third predetermined temperature to treat the glass container.
- the method further includes the steps of, after a predetermined amount of time, quenching the treated glass container to a fourth predetermined temperature to produce a tempered glass container.
- the present invention is a system for tempering a glass container that includes a plurality of plates spaced relative to each other to apply radio-frequency energy to a pre-heated glass container to heat the glass container to a predetermined temperature.
- the system also includes a spindle adapted to support and transport the glass container between the plates.
- the system further includes a quench tube including a portion adapted to be disposed inside of the glass container, wherein the quench tube is adapted for air to pass therethrough and into the glass container to thereby quench the glass container and produce a tempered glass container.
- One advantage of the present invention is that a system and method is provided for tempering glass containers. Another advantage of the present invention is that the system and method heats glass containers during the heating portion of the tempering process while maintaining a desired temperature differential or gradient between the center of the glass of the containers and the surfaces thereof to create the required internal stress. Yet another advantage of the present invention is that the system and method tempers glass containers rapidly, efficiently, and inexpensively. Still another advantage of the present invention is that the system and method produces glass containers that are lighter, stronger, and more impact-resistant. A further advantage of the present invention is that the system and method conserves raw materials and energy in manufacturing glass containers.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method, according to the present invention, for tempering a glass container.
- FIG. 2 is a fragmentary elevational view of a system, according to the present invention, for tempering a glass container.
- FIG. 3 is a fragmentary plan view of the system for tempering a glass container of FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 4 is another embodiment, according to the present invention, of the system of FIG. 2 for tempering a glass container.
- FIG. 1 one embodiment of a method, according to the present invention, is shown for tempering a glass container.
- the method includes first, second, and third steps, 10 , 20 , 30 , respectively.
- the method can be employed in tempering any suitable glass container such as a bottle, tumbler, or jar.
- a glass bottle 40 is tempered as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 .
- the system and method can be used in connection with any suitable glass container or object.
- the glass, generally indicated at 42 of the bottle 40 is illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 .
- the glass 42 of the bottle 40 illustrated defines two major surfaces, namely an inner surface 44 and an outer surface 45 , but the glass container could include any suitable number and shape of major surfaces.
- the method includes a first step 10 a of receiving a hot glass bottle, generally indicated at 40 in FIGS. 2 and 3 , from a mold (not shown) or step 10 b of pre-heating the glass bottle 40 to a first predetermined temperature.
- This pre-heating can be accomplished in any number of conventional ways, including heating with infrared energy.
- the first predetermined temperature falls within a range of about 900° F. to about 990° F. It should be appreciated that the glass, generally indicated at 42 , of the bottle 40 is illustrated.
- the method also includes a second step 20 of applying radio-frequency energy to the pre-heated glass bottle to heat it to a second predetermined temperature.
- the radio-frequency energy has a frequency falling within the range of about 0.01 GHz to about less than 0.2 GHz.
- the second predetermined temperature falls within a range of about 1150° F. to about 1250° F.
- the second step 20 includes cooling at least one, preferably both of the surfaces 44 and 45 of the heated glass bottle 40 to a third predetermined temperature to treat the glass bottle 40 .
- the third predetermined temperature falls within a range of about 600° F. to 1150° F. This cooling can be accomplished in any number of conventional ways.
- At least one, and preferably, a plurality of air streams are directed toward at least one, and preferably, a plurality of the surfaces 44 , of the heated glass bottle 40 to cool the at least one surface 44 , 45 .
- each of the major surfaces of the glass 42 such as the inner surface 44 and outer surface 45 , are cooled during the second step 20 .
- the purpose of the cooling of the inner and outer surfaces 44 , 45 is to maintain a desired temperature differential or gradient between a center 46 of the glass 42 , shown in FIG. 3 , and the surfaces 44 , 45 of the glass 42 , with the center 46 having a higher temperature than that of the surfaces 44 , 45 .
- the method further includes a third step 30 of quenching the treated glass bottle 40 to a fourth predetermined temperature to produce a tempered glass bottle 40 .
- the fourth predetermined temperature falls within a range of about 400° F. to 600° F.
- This quenching can be accomplished in any number of conventional ways. One such way is to apply at least one, and preferably, a plurality of air streams to the treated glass bottle 40 , preferably directed at the inner and outer surfaces 44 , 45 thereof. After the quenching process, the quenched glass bottle 40 can be further cooled, for example, to room temperature.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 one embodiment of a system 50 , according to the present invention, for use in conjunction with the method of the present invention for tempering a glass bottle 40 , is shown.
- the system 50 includes a plurality of plates 52 that are adapted to radiate radio-frequency energy, a spindle, generally indicated at 54 , and a quench tube 56 .
- the system 50 will now be described in detail.
- the system 50 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 includes a pair of radiation plates 52 that are substantially identical and spaced relative to each other in a substantially aligned and parallel fashion.
- the plates 52 are spaced horizontally with the glass bottle 40 disposed between the plates 52 as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 .
- the spaced position of the plates defines an elongate passage 53 between the plates 52 , as illustrated in FIG. 3 , in which the glass bottle 40 can be disposed.
- the system 50 also includes a plurality of hollow plenums 70 that are each supplied with air under positive pressure and adapted to supply air to the glass bottle 40 .
- each radiation plate 52 is hollow and includes one of the plenums 70 .
- Each of the radiation plates 52 is also of a substantially rectangular shape.
- Each of the radiation plates 52 includes a plurality of air-outlet holes 58 disposed substantially equidistantly from each other on an inside surface 60 of the radiation plate 52 for supplying air to the glass bottle 40 in a manner to be described.
- the spindle 54 is disposed centrally between the radiation plates 52 .
- the spindle 54 includes a surface 62 that is adapted to support the glass bottle 40 .
- the surface 62 is substantially flat or planar.
- the spindle 54 is also adapted to transport the glass bottle 40 relative to the radiation plates 52 .
- the spindle 54 is adapted to continuously spin the glass bottle 40 and to move the glass bottle 40 along the passage 53 defined between the radiation plates 52 .
- the surface 62 is disposed in a substantially perpendicular fashion to the inside surface 60 of each of the radiation plates 52 and such that substantially the entire glass bottle 40 is disposed between the radiation plates 52 .
- the quench tube 56 includes a portion 57 adapted to be disposed through an opening 64 of the glass bottle 40 and extend inside of the glass bottle 40 .
- the quench tube 56 also includes an opposite end 59 that is connected to a source of air from an air-supply system (not shown). It should be appreciated that the portion 57 of the quench tube 56 disposed inside the glass bottle 40 has an opening 60 to allow air to pass therethrough and into the glass bottle 40 . It should also be appreciated that the quench tube 56 is adapted for air to pass therethrough and into the glass bottle 40 to thereby quench the glass bottle 40 and produce a tempered glass bottle 40 .
- the glass bottle 40 is pre-heated to the first predetermined temperature, such as about 550° C. Then, the pre-heated glass bottle 40 is loaded onto the surface 62 of the spindle 54 , and the quench tube 56 is connected to the source of air 80 and the portion 57 of the quench tube 56 is inserted into the pre-heated glass bottle 40 . Then, the spindle transports the pre-heated bottle 40 between the radiation plates 52 and through the passage 53 defined by the radiation plates 52 as the radiation plates 52 apply radio-frequency energy to the pre-heated glass bottle 40 . The radio-frequency energy heats the glass bottle 40 to the second predetermined temperature.
- the first predetermined temperature such as about 550° C.
- the spindle 54 continuously spins the pre-heated glass bottle 40 to provide uniform radiation and, thus, heating to the glass bottle 40 .
- radio waves represented at 66 , travel through the surfaces 44 , 45 of the glass bottle 40 .
- the surfaces 44 , 45 of the heated glass bottle 40 are simultaneously cooled to a third predetermined temperature to treat the glass bottle 40 . More specifically, air is supplied to each of the plates 52 and the quench tube 56 and, consequently, through the holes 58 and opening 60 to the inner and outer surfaces 44 , 45 of the heated glass bottle 40 while the radio waves 66 are applied to the pre-heated glass bottle 40 .
- a desired temper level is determined at this point by the temperature differential or gradient between the center 46 of the glass 42 and the surfaces 44 , 45 of the glass 42 , with the center 46 having a higher temperature than that of the surfaces 44 , 45 .
- the treated glass bottle 40 is quenched to a fourth predetermined temperature to produce a tempered glass bottle 40 . More specifically, application of the radio waves 66 is discontinued while supply of air through the holes 58 and quench tube 56 is continued. If required, the tempered glass bottle can be removed from the surface 62 of the spindle 54 for additional cooling.
- the system 150 includes a plurality, preferably a pair of plates 152 that are adapted to radiate radio-frequency energy, a spindle 154 , and a quench tube 156 .
- the pair of radiation plates 152 are substantially identical and spaced relative to each other in a substantially aligned and parallel fashion.
- the radiation plates 152 are spaced vertically with the glass bottle 40 disposed between the plates 152 as shown in FIG. 4 .
- One of the radiation plates 152 is disposed above the glass bottle 40 and the other of the radiation plates 152 is disposed below the glass bottle 40 .
- One of the radiation plates 152 includes a slot opening 176
- the other radiation plate 152 includes another slot opening 178 .
- the system 150 further includes a plurality of hollow plenums 170 .
- the plenums 170 are spaced horizontally with the glass bottle 40 disposed between the plenums 170 as shown in FIG. 4 .
- One of the plenums 170 is disposed on one side of the glass bottle 40 and the other of the plenums 170 is disposed on the other side of the glass bottle 40 .
- Each of the plenums 170 is supplied with air under positive pressure and is adapted for supplying air to the glass bottle 40 .
- Each of the plenums 170 is also of a substantially rectangular shape and includes a plurality of air nozzles or tubes 172 disposed substantially equidistantly from each other on an inside surface 174 of the plenums 170 .
- the air tubes 172 are inserted and removed by a cam arrangement (not shown).
- the spaced position of the plenums 170 and the plates 152 defines an elongate passage 153 between the plenums 170 and plates 152 in which the glass bottle 40 can be disposed. It should be appreciated that the air tubes 172 blow air on the sides of the glass bottle 40 .
- the spindle 154 is disposed between the radiation plates 152 .
- the spindle 154 includes a surface 162 that is adapted to support and transport the glass bottle 40 within the space defined between the radiation plates 152 .
- the surface 162 is substantially planar or flat.
- the spindle 154 is also adapted to continuously spin the glass bottle 40 and move the glass bottle 40 through the passage 153 .
- the spindle 154 extends through the slot opening 176 in the lower radiation plate 152 .
- the surface 162 is disposed in a substantially perpendicular fashion to the inside surface 174 of each of the plenums 170 and such that substantially the entire glass bottle 40 is disposed between the plenums 170 .
- the quench tube 156 includes a portion 157 adapted to be disposed through the slot opening 178 in the upper radiation plate 152 , through an opening 64 of the glass bottle 40 , and inside the glass bottle 40 .
- the quench tube 156 also includes an opposite end 159 that is connected to a source of air 180 .
- the operation of the system 150 is similar to the system 50 .
- the system 50 , 150 and method of the present invention tempers glass containers, in general, and heats glass bottles 40 during the heating portion of the tempering process while maintaining a desired temperature differential or gradient between the center of the glass 42 of the bottles 40 and the surfaces 44 , 45 thereof to create the required internal stress, in particular.
- the system 50 , 150 and method of the present invention also tempers glass containers rapidly, efficiently, and inexpensively.
- the system 50 , 150 and method of the present invention also produces glass containers that are lighter, stronger, and more impact-resistant.
- the system 50 , 150 and method of the present invention also conserves raw materials and energy in manufacturing glass containers.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)
Abstract
A system and method is provided for tempering a glass container. The method includes the steps of pre-heating the glass container to a first predetermined temperature. The method also includes the steps of applying radio-frequency energy to the pre-heated glass container to heat the glass container to a second predetermined temperature and, after a predetermined amount of time, simultaneously cooling at least one surface of the heated glass container to a third predetermined temperature to treat the glass container. The method further includes the steps of, after a predetermined amount of time, quenching the treated glass container to a fourth predetermined temperature to produce a tempered glass container.
Description
- This application is a divisional of U.S. Ser. No. 10/982,444 entitled “System and Method for Tempering Glass Containers”, filed on Nov. 5, 2004, which claims the priority date of co-pending U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/517,768, filed Nov. 6, 2003, and is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/247,386, filed Sep. 19, 2002, and entitled “System and Method for Simultaneously Heating and Cooling Glass to Produce Tempered Glass.”
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates generally to glass containers and, more particularly, to a system and method for tempering glass containers such as bottles, tumblers, and jars.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- Tempered glass is generally defined as glass (e.g., annealed or ordinary) that has been pre-stressed by heating it to a temperature at or above its softening point and forcing the glass to suddenly and rapidly quench under carefully controlled conditions. This tempering process produces tempered glass, which has highly desirable conditions of induced stress that result in additional strength, resistance to thermal stress, and impact-resistance, as compared to annealed or ordinary glass.
- The basic principle employed in the tempering process is to create an initial condition of surface- and edge-compression. This condition is achieved by first heating the glass and then quenching the surfaces thereof rapidly. Such heating and quenching leaves the center of the glass relatively hot compared to the surfaces thereof. As the center then cools, the surfaces and edges of the glass are forced into compression. Wind pressure, missile impact, thermal stresses, or other applied loads must first overcome the compression before there is any possibility of fracture to the glass.
- With respect to the heating step, it is known to use a hearth or lehr to heat glass that is to be tempered. Generally speaking, the lehr is a furnace and may be of a continuous-roller type, fixtured-roller type, or gas type. For example, a gas-type lehr has a plurality of blocks disposed beneath a plurality of radiant heaters. Typically, the glass is placed inside the lehr, where the glass is heated by conventional radiation and convection and conduction heat. The glass is moved along the blocks at a predetermined rate, which depends upon the thermal conductivity of the glass, to reach a temperature in the forming range of the glass. When the glass is at a temperature in such range (e.g., approximately 1200 oF), the glass is formed into a predetermined shape of the blocks.
- Once so formed, the surfaces of the glass are rapidly air-quenched, typically by application of an air stream thereto, thus creating a desired temperature differential or gradient between the center of the glass and the surfaces thereof to create a desired internal stress. The air stream can consist of arrays of fixed, reciprocating, or rotating nozzles. It is important to extract heat uniformly from all surfaces of the glass (uneven heat extraction may produce bow or warp) and to sustain the quench long enough to prevent reheating of the surfaces from the still-hot center of the glass. A quenched condition becomes stable when the glass is reduced to a temperature of approximately 400-600 oF.
- In the case of tempering glass containers such as glass bottles, however, the conventional tempering process just described is not practical. More specifically, known mechanisms designed and employed to quench the surfaces of the glass container do not sufficiently quickly quench the surfaces such that a desired temperature differential or gradient between the center of the glass walls and the surfaces thereof to create the desired internal stress is not created.
- Therefore, there is a need in the art for a system and method for tempering glass containers, in general, and a system and a method for heating glass containers during the heating portion of the tempering process while maintaining a desired temperature differential or gradient between the center of the glass walls of the containers and the surfaces thereof to create the required internal stress, in particular. There is also a need in the art for a system and method that tempers glass containers such as bottles rapidly, efficiently, and inexpensively.
- Accordingly, the present invention is a system and method for tempering a glass container. The method includes the steps of pre-heating the glass container to a first predetermined temperature. The method also includes the steps of applying radio-frequency energy to the pre-heated glass container to heat the glass container to a second predetermined temperature and, after a predetermined amount of time, simultaneously cooling at least one surface of the heated glass container to a third predetermined temperature to treat the glass container. The method further includes the steps of, after a predetermined amount of time, quenching the treated glass container to a fourth predetermined temperature to produce a tempered glass container.
- In addition, the present invention is a system for tempering a glass container that includes a plurality of plates spaced relative to each other to apply radio-frequency energy to a pre-heated glass container to heat the glass container to a predetermined temperature. The system also includes a spindle adapted to support and transport the glass container between the plates. The system further includes a quench tube including a portion adapted to be disposed inside of the glass container, wherein the quench tube is adapted for air to pass therethrough and into the glass container to thereby quench the glass container and produce a tempered glass container.
- One advantage of the present invention is that a system and method is provided for tempering glass containers. Another advantage of the present invention is that the system and method heats glass containers during the heating portion of the tempering process while maintaining a desired temperature differential or gradient between the center of the glass of the containers and the surfaces thereof to create the required internal stress. Yet another advantage of the present invention is that the system and method tempers glass containers rapidly, efficiently, and inexpensively. Still another advantage of the present invention is that the system and method produces glass containers that are lighter, stronger, and more impact-resistant. A further advantage of the present invention is that the system and method conserves raw materials and energy in manufacturing glass containers.
- Other features and advantages of the present invention will be readily appreciated, as the same becomes better understood, after reading the subsequent description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
-
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method, according to the present invention, for tempering a glass container. -
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary elevational view of a system, according to the present invention, for tempering a glass container. -
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary plan view of the system for tempering a glass container ofFIG. 2 . -
FIG. 4 is another embodiment, according to the present invention, of the system ofFIG. 2 for tempering a glass container. - Referring to
FIG. 1 , one embodiment of a method, according to the present invention, is shown for tempering a glass container. The method includes first, second, and third steps, 10, 20, 30, respectively. The method can be employed in tempering any suitable glass container such as a bottle, tumbler, or jar. In the system and method shown in the figures and described below, aglass bottle 40 is tempered as shown inFIGS. 2 and 3 . However, it should be appreciated that the system and method can be used in connection with any suitable glass container or object. It should be appreciated that the glass, generally indicated at 42, of thebottle 40 is illustrated inFIGS. 2 and 3 . It should also be appreciated that theglass 42 of thebottle 40 illustrated defines two major surfaces, namely aninner surface 44 and anouter surface 45, but the glass container could include any suitable number and shape of major surfaces. - The method includes a
first step 10 a of receiving a hot glass bottle, generally indicated at 40 inFIGS. 2 and 3 , from a mold (not shown) or step 10 b of pre-heating theglass bottle 40 to a first predetermined temperature. This pre-heating can be accomplished in any number of conventional ways, including heating with infrared energy. In one embodiment, the first predetermined temperature falls within a range of about 900° F. to about 990° F. It should be appreciated that the glass, generally indicated at 42, of thebottle 40 is illustrated. - The method also includes a
second step 20 of applying radio-frequency energy to the pre-heated glass bottle to heat it to a second predetermined temperature. In one embodiment, the radio-frequency energy has a frequency falling within the range of about 0.01 GHz to about less than 0.2 GHz. Also, in one embodiment, the second predetermined temperature falls within a range of about 1150° F. to about 1250° F. After a predetermined amount of time, thesecond step 20 includes cooling at least one, preferably both of thesurfaces heated glass bottle 40 to a third predetermined temperature to treat theglass bottle 40. In one embodiment, the third predetermined temperature falls within a range of about 600° F. to 1150° F. This cooling can be accomplished in any number of conventional ways. For example, at least one, and preferably, a plurality of air streams are directed toward at least one, and preferably, a plurality of thesurfaces 44, of theheated glass bottle 40 to cool the at least onesurface glass 42, such as theinner surface 44 andouter surface 45, are cooled during thesecond step 20. The purpose of the cooling of the inner andouter surfaces center 46 of theglass 42, shown inFIG. 3 , and thesurfaces glass 42, with thecenter 46 having a higher temperature than that of thesurfaces - The method further includes a
third step 30 of quenching the treatedglass bottle 40 to a fourth predetermined temperature to produce atempered glass bottle 40. In one embodiment, the fourth predetermined temperature falls within a range of about 400° F. to 600° F. This quenching can be accomplished in any number of conventional ways. One such way is to apply at least one, and preferably, a plurality of air streams to the treatedglass bottle 40, preferably directed at the inner andouter surfaces glass bottle 40 can be further cooled, for example, to room temperature. - Referring to
FIGS. 2 and 3 , one embodiment of asystem 50, according to the present invention, for use in conjunction with the method of the present invention for tempering aglass bottle 40, is shown. Thesystem 50 includes a plurality ofplates 52 that are adapted to radiate radio-frequency energy, a spindle, generally indicated at 54, and a quenchtube 56. Thesystem 50 will now be described in detail. - The
system 50 shown inFIGS. 2 and 3 includes a pair ofradiation plates 52 that are substantially identical and spaced relative to each other in a substantially aligned and parallel fashion. Theplates 52 are spaced horizontally with theglass bottle 40 disposed between theplates 52 as illustrated inFIGS. 2 and 3 . The spaced position of the plates defines anelongate passage 53 between theplates 52, as illustrated inFIG. 3 , in which theglass bottle 40 can be disposed. - The
system 50 also includes a plurality ofhollow plenums 70 that are each supplied with air under positive pressure and adapted to supply air to theglass bottle 40. In the embodiment shown, eachradiation plate 52 is hollow and includes one of theplenums 70. Each of theradiation plates 52 is also of a substantially rectangular shape. Each of theradiation plates 52 includes a plurality of air-outlet holes 58 disposed substantially equidistantly from each other on aninside surface 60 of theradiation plate 52 for supplying air to theglass bottle 40 in a manner to be described. - The
spindle 54 is disposed centrally between theradiation plates 52. Thespindle 54 includes asurface 62 that is adapted to support theglass bottle 40. Thesurface 62 is substantially flat or planar. Thespindle 54 is also adapted to transport theglass bottle 40 relative to theradiation plates 52. For instance, in the embodiment shown, thespindle 54 is adapted to continuously spin theglass bottle 40 and to move theglass bottle 40 along thepassage 53 defined between theradiation plates 52. Preferably, thesurface 62 is disposed in a substantially perpendicular fashion to theinside surface 60 of each of theradiation plates 52 and such that substantially theentire glass bottle 40 is disposed between theradiation plates 52. - The quench
tube 56 includes aportion 57 adapted to be disposed through anopening 64 of theglass bottle 40 and extend inside of theglass bottle 40. The quenchtube 56 also includes anopposite end 59 that is connected to a source of air from an air-supply system (not shown). It should be appreciated that theportion 57 of the quenchtube 56 disposed inside theglass bottle 40 has anopening 60 to allow air to pass therethrough and into theglass bottle 40. It should also be appreciated that the quenchtube 56 is adapted for air to pass therethrough and into theglass bottle 40 to thereby quench theglass bottle 40 and produce atempered glass bottle 40. - In operation, the
glass bottle 40 is pre-heated to the first predetermined temperature, such as about 550° C. Then, thepre-heated glass bottle 40 is loaded onto thesurface 62 of thespindle 54, and the quenchtube 56 is connected to the source ofair 80 and theportion 57 of the quenchtube 56 is inserted into thepre-heated glass bottle 40. Then, the spindle transports thepre-heated bottle 40 between theradiation plates 52 and through thepassage 53 defined by theradiation plates 52 as theradiation plates 52 apply radio-frequency energy to thepre-heated glass bottle 40. The radio-frequency energy heats theglass bottle 40 to the second predetermined temperature. Simultaneously, thespindle 54 continuously spins thepre-heated glass bottle 40 to provide uniform radiation and, thus, heating to theglass bottle 40. As illustrated inFIG. 3 , radio waves, represented at 66, travel through thesurfaces glass bottle 40. - Then, after a predetermined amount of time, the
surfaces heated glass bottle 40 are simultaneously cooled to a third predetermined temperature to treat theglass bottle 40. More specifically, air is supplied to each of theplates 52 and the quenchtube 56 and, consequently, through theholes 58 andopening 60 to the inner andouter surfaces heated glass bottle 40 while theradio waves 66 are applied to thepre-heated glass bottle 40. - A desired temper level is determined at this point by the temperature differential or gradient between the
center 46 of theglass 42 and thesurfaces glass 42, with thecenter 46 having a higher temperature than that of thesurfaces - Finally, after a predetermined amount of time, the treated
glass bottle 40 is quenched to a fourth predetermined temperature to produce atempered glass bottle 40. More specifically, application of theradio waves 66 is discontinued while supply of air through theholes 58 and quenchtube 56 is continued. If required, the tempered glass bottle can be removed from thesurface 62 of thespindle 54 for additional cooling. - Referring to
FIG. 4 , another embodiment, according to the present invention, of thesystem 50 is shown. Like parts of thesystem 50 have like reference numerals increased by one hundred (100). In this embodiment, thesystem 150 includes a plurality, preferably a pair ofplates 152 that are adapted to radiate radio-frequency energy, aspindle 154, and a quenchtube 156. In the embodiment illustrated, the pair ofradiation plates 152 are substantially identical and spaced relative to each other in a substantially aligned and parallel fashion. Theradiation plates 152 are spaced vertically with theglass bottle 40 disposed between theplates 152 as shown inFIG. 4 . One of theradiation plates 152 is disposed above theglass bottle 40 and the other of theradiation plates 152 is disposed below theglass bottle 40. One of theradiation plates 152 includes aslot opening 176, and theother radiation plate 152 includes anotherslot opening 178. - The
system 150 further includes a plurality ofhollow plenums 170. In the embodiment illustrated, there are a pair ofplenums 170 that are substantially identical and spaced relative to each other in a substantially aligned and parallel fashion. Theplenums 170 are spaced horizontally with theglass bottle 40 disposed between theplenums 170 as shown inFIG. 4 . One of theplenums 170 is disposed on one side of theglass bottle 40 and the other of theplenums 170 is disposed on the other side of theglass bottle 40. Each of theplenums 170 is supplied with air under positive pressure and is adapted for supplying air to theglass bottle 40. Each of theplenums 170 is also of a substantially rectangular shape and includes a plurality of air nozzles ortubes 172 disposed substantially equidistantly from each other on aninside surface 174 of theplenums 170. Theair tubes 172 are inserted and removed by a cam arrangement (not shown). The spaced position of theplenums 170 and theplates 152 defines anelongate passage 153 between theplenums 170 andplates 152 in which theglass bottle 40 can be disposed. It should be appreciated that theair tubes 172 blow air on the sides of theglass bottle 40. - The
spindle 154 is disposed between theradiation plates 152. Thespindle 154 includes asurface 162 that is adapted to support and transport theglass bottle 40 within the space defined between theradiation plates 152. Thesurface 162 is substantially planar or flat. Thespindle 154 is also adapted to continuously spin theglass bottle 40 and move theglass bottle 40 through thepassage 153. In the embodiment illustrated, thespindle 154 extends through theslot opening 176 in thelower radiation plate 152. Preferably, thesurface 162 is disposed in a substantially perpendicular fashion to theinside surface 174 of each of theplenums 170 and such that substantially theentire glass bottle 40 is disposed between theplenums 170. - The quench
tube 156 includes aportion 157 adapted to be disposed through theslot opening 178 in theupper radiation plate 152, through anopening 64 of theglass bottle 40, and inside theglass bottle 40. The quenchtube 156 also includes anopposite end 159 that is connected to a source ofair 180. The operation of thesystem 150 is similar to thesystem 50. - Accordingly, the
system glass bottles 40 during the heating portion of the tempering process while maintaining a desired temperature differential or gradient between the center of theglass 42 of thebottles 40 and thesurfaces system system system - The present invention has been described in an illustrative manner. It is to be understood, that the terminology that has been used, is intended to be in the nature of words of description rather than of limitation.
- Many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. Therefore, the present invention may be practiced other than as specifically described.
Claims (20)
1. A method for tempering a glass container comprising the steps of:
pre-heating the glass container to a first predetermined temperature;
applying radio-frequency energy to the pre-heated glass container to heat the glass container to a second predetermined temperature and, after a predetermined amount of time, simultaneously cooling at least one surface of the heated glass container to a third predetermined temperature to treat the glass container; and
after a predetermined amount of time, quenching the treated glass container to a fourth predetermined temperature to produce a tempered glass container.
2. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein said step of applying comprises providing a plurality of plates spaced relative to each other to apply radio-frequency energy to the pre-heated glass container to heat the glass container to a predetermined temperature.
3. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein said step of applying comprises providing a spindle and supporting and transporting the glass container between the plates with the spindle.
4. A method as set forth in claim 3 including the step of spinning the glass container with the spindle.
5. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein said step of pre-heating the glass container comprises molding the glass container from molten glass.
6. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein said step of pre-heating the glass container comprises heating a pre-formed glass container.
7. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein said step of simultaneous cooling comprises directing at least one air stream toward the at least one surface of the heated glass container.
8. A method as set forth in claim 7 including the step of providing a plurality of plenums and supplying the plenums with air under positive pressure to direct the at least one air stream.
9. A method as set forth in claim 7 including the step of providing a quench tube and disposing a portion of the quench tube inside of the glass container for allowing air to pass therethrough and into the glass container.
10. A method as set forth in claim 1 including the step of spinning the pre-heated glass container during the step of applying radio-frequency energy to the pre-heated glass container.
11. A method for tempering a glass container comprising the steps of:
providing a plurality of plates spaced relative to each other to apply radio-frequency energy to the pre-heated glass container to heat the glass container to a predetermined temperature, wherein each of the plates includes a plurality of air-outlet holes spaced axially from each other on an inside surface of the plate for supplying air to an outside surface of the glass container;
pre-heating the glass container to a first predetermined temperature;
applying radio-frequency energy to the pre-heated glass container with the plates to heat the glass container to a second predetermined temperature and, after a predetermined amount of time, simultaneously cooling at least one surface of the heated glass container with the plates to a third predetermined temperature to treat the glass container; and
after a predetermined amount of time, quenching the treated glass container to a fourth predetermined temperature to produce a tempered glass container.
12. A method as set forth in claim 11 wherein said step of applying includes providing a spindle and supporting and transporting the glass container between the plates with the spindle.
13. A method as set forth in claim 12 including the step of spinning the glass container with the spindle.
14. A method as set forth in claim 11 wherein said step of pre-heating the glass container comprises molding the glass container from molten glass.
15. A method as set forth in claim 11 wherein said step of pre-heating the glass container comprises heating a pre-formed glass container.
16. A method as set forth in claim 11 wherein said step of simultaneous cooling comprises directing at least one air stream toward the at least one surface of the heated glass container.
17. A method as set forth in claim 16 including the step of providing a plurality of plenums and supplying the plenums with air under positive pressure to direct the at least one air stream.
18. A method as set forth in claim 16 including the step of providing a quench tube and disposing a portion of the quench tube inside of the glass container for allowing air to pass therethrough and into the glass container.
19. A method as set forth in claim 11 including the step of spinning the pre-heated glass container during the step of applying radio-frequency energy to the pre-heated glass container.
20. A method for tempering a glass container comprising the steps of:
providing a plurality of plates spaced relative to each other to apply radio-frequency energy to the pre-heated glass container to heat the glass container to a predetermined temperature, wherein each of the plates includes a plurality of air-outlet holes spaced axially from each other on an inside surface of the plate for supplying air to an outside surface of the glass container;
providing a spindle and supporting and transporting the glass container between the plates with the spindle;
pre-heating the glass container to a first predetermined temperature;
spinning the pre-heated glass container with the spindle and applying radio-frequency energy to the pre-heated glass container with the plates to heat the glass container to a second predetermined temperature and, after a predetermined amount of time, simultaneously cooling at least one surface of the heated glass container with the plates to a third predetermined temperature to treat the glass container; and
after a predetermined amount of time, quenching the treated glass container to a fourth predetermined temperature to produce a tempered glass container.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/711,497 US20100147028A1 (en) | 2002-09-19 | 2010-02-24 | System and method for tempering glass containers |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/247,386 US6826929B2 (en) | 2001-09-19 | 2002-09-19 | Method for simultaneously heating and cooling glass to produce tempered glass |
US51776803P | 2003-11-06 | 2003-11-06 | |
US10/982,444 US7694532B1 (en) | 2002-09-19 | 2004-11-05 | System and method for tempering glass containers |
US12/711,497 US20100147028A1 (en) | 2002-09-19 | 2010-02-24 | System and method for tempering glass containers |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/982,444 Division US7694532B1 (en) | 2002-09-19 | 2004-11-05 | System and method for tempering glass containers |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20100147028A1 true US20100147028A1 (en) | 2010-06-17 |
Family
ID=42078083
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/982,444 Expired - Fee Related US7694532B1 (en) | 2002-09-19 | 2004-11-05 | System and method for tempering glass containers |
US12/711,497 Abandoned US20100147028A1 (en) | 2002-09-19 | 2010-02-24 | System and method for tempering glass containers |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/982,444 Expired - Fee Related US7694532B1 (en) | 2002-09-19 | 2004-11-05 | System and method for tempering glass containers |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US7694532B1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20110289977A1 (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2011-12-01 | Ringuette Timothy A | Post-Manufacture Glass Container Thermal Strengthening Station |
US20110289978A1 (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2011-12-01 | Ringuette Timothy A | Cooling Tube Mechanism Operation in a Post-Manufacture Glass Container Thermal Strengthening Station |
US20110289971A1 (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2011-12-01 | Brown Steven J | Post-Manufacture Glass Container Thermal Strengthening Method |
US8650908B2 (en) | 2010-05-25 | 2014-02-18 | Emhart Glass S.A. | Post-manufacture glass container thermal strengthening on a conveyor |
US11427494B2 (en) * | 2016-02-11 | 2022-08-30 | Vosstech As | Tempering furnace and method for tempering a glass object |
US11787735B2 (en) | 2020-07-20 | 2023-10-17 | Corning Incorporated | Stress features for crack redirection and protection in glass containers |
Families Citing this family (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090235691A1 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2009-09-24 | The Coca-Cola Company | System and Method for Configuring a Glass Hardening System Capable of Transition between Configurations for Annealing and Tempering Glass Objects |
JP5236197B2 (en) * | 2007-03-28 | 2013-07-17 | 東京エレクトロン株式会社 | Film forming method and film forming apparatus |
US8656742B2 (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2014-02-25 | Emhart Glass S.A. | Bottom cooler for a post-manufacture glass container thermal strengthening station |
US8857218B2 (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2014-10-14 | Emhart Glass S.A. | Cooling tube nozzle for a post-manufacture glass container thermal strengthening station |
US9133051B2 (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2015-09-15 | Emhart Glass S.A. | Cooling shroud for a post-manufacture glass container thermal strengthening station |
US8656741B2 (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2014-02-25 | Emhart Glass S.A. | Base cooling nozzle for a post-manufacture glass container thermal strengthening station |
KR20130024484A (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2013-03-08 | 삼성코닝정밀소재 주식회사 | Manufacture method for tempered glass and manufacture apparatus for tempered glass |
CN102643958B (en) * | 2012-04-26 | 2013-06-19 | 西北工业大学 | Heat treatment device for gradient of disk component |
US11097974B2 (en) | 2014-07-31 | 2021-08-24 | Corning Incorporated | Thermally strengthened consumer electronic glass and related systems and methods |
CA2956929A1 (en) | 2014-07-31 | 2016-02-04 | Corning Incorporated | Thermally tempered glass and methods and apparatuses for thermal tempering of glass |
US10611664B2 (en) | 2014-07-31 | 2020-04-07 | Corning Incorporated | Thermally strengthened architectural glass and related systems and methods |
US9718720B2 (en) | 2014-10-17 | 2017-08-01 | Emhart Glass S.A. | Cooling tube assembly for cooling of the interior of a container |
EP3368621B1 (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2019-08-14 | AGC Glass Europe | Coated glass sheet |
WO2017123573A2 (en) | 2016-01-12 | 2017-07-20 | Corning Incorporated | Thin thermally and chemically strengthened glass-based articles |
US11795102B2 (en) | 2016-01-26 | 2023-10-24 | Corning Incorporated | Non-contact coated glass and related coating system and method |
US20190127257A1 (en) * | 2016-04-18 | 2019-05-02 | Corning Incorporated | Method of thermally tempering glass laminates using selective microwave heating and active cooling |
CN111065609A (en) | 2017-08-24 | 2020-04-24 | 康宁股份有限公司 | Glass with improved tempering capability |
TWI785156B (en) | 2017-11-30 | 2022-12-01 | 美商康寧公司 | Non-iox glasses with high coefficient of thermal expansion and preferential fracture behavior for thermal tempering |
CN110092574A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-08-06 | 吴东胜 | A kind of glass tank reinforcing device and technique |
KR20220044538A (en) | 2019-08-06 | 2022-04-08 | 코닝 인코포레이티드 | Glass laminate with buried stress spikes to arrest cracks and method of making same |
Citations (34)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1951950A (en) * | 1933-05-29 | 1934-03-20 | Corning Glass Works | Method and apparatus for cooling glass articles |
US1981560A (en) * | 1933-02-27 | 1934-11-20 | Corning Glass Works | Method and apparatus for cooling glass |
US2068799A (en) * | 1933-09-02 | 1937-01-26 | Corning Glass Works | Tempering glass |
US2178520A (en) * | 1936-07-01 | 1939-10-31 | Hartford Empire Co | Method of tempering glass |
US2254227A (en) * | 1937-04-22 | 1941-09-02 | Corning Glass Works | Glass tempering method and apparatus |
US2375944A (en) * | 1939-01-24 | 1945-05-15 | Quentin Alberto | Method of tempering glass articles |
US2390910A (en) * | 1943-01-27 | 1945-12-11 | Hartford Empire Co | Method of cooling glass articles |
US2428969A (en) * | 1943-10-11 | 1947-10-14 | Corning Glass Works | Glass heating and working |
US2556236A (en) * | 1946-08-31 | 1951-06-12 | Ohio Crankshaft Co | Heat-treating method and product |
US2695475A (en) * | 1949-10-21 | 1954-11-30 | American Optical Corp | Means and method of hardening glass articles |
US2902575A (en) * | 1957-04-24 | 1959-09-01 | Corning Glass Works | Electric glassworking |
US3406022A (en) * | 1964-06-12 | 1968-10-15 | Cie Belgo Luxembourgeoise Du C | Process and installation for glass tempering and cooling |
US3608766A (en) * | 1967-12-22 | 1971-09-28 | Compaznie De Saint Gobain | Tempered stemware and process of making it |
US3938980A (en) * | 1973-12-20 | 1976-02-17 | The Seagrave Corporation | Method and apparatus for forming tempered glass articles |
US4375997A (en) * | 1982-05-13 | 1983-03-08 | General Motors Corporation | Method of inductively heat treating a thin-walled workpiece to control distortion |
US4401485A (en) * | 1981-07-22 | 1983-08-30 | Park-Ohio Industries, Inc. | Method for inductively heating thin-walled elongated workpieces |
US4468010A (en) * | 1981-07-22 | 1984-08-28 | Park-Ohio Industries, Inc. | Method and apparatus for quench hardening thin-walled, elongated workpieces |
US4531987A (en) * | 1984-05-30 | 1985-07-30 | Park-Ohio Industries, Inc. | Method for inductively heat treating workpiece bore walls |
US4625090A (en) * | 1984-05-30 | 1986-11-25 | Park-Ohio Industries, Inc. | Apparatus for inductively heat treating workpiece bore walls |
US4628167A (en) * | 1985-06-27 | 1986-12-09 | Tocco, Inc. | Apparatus for inductively hardneing the interior surface of objects |
US4785147A (en) * | 1986-06-25 | 1988-11-15 | Tocco, Inc. | System for hardening gears by induction heating |
US4786772A (en) * | 1986-11-07 | 1988-11-22 | Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. | Induction heating coil for heat-treating metallic tubes |
US4900984A (en) * | 1987-04-28 | 1990-02-13 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Cathode ray tube with antistatic film on front panel |
US5226243A (en) * | 1991-05-22 | 1993-07-13 | Angelo Cremona & Figlio S.P.A. | Belt conveyor plant for wood panel drying |
US5322542A (en) * | 1991-11-22 | 1994-06-21 | Toyo Glass Company Limited | Method of and apparatus for chamfering edge of glass vessel |
US5414246A (en) * | 1993-12-27 | 1995-05-09 | Ford Motor Company | Apparatus for scaleless induction heating |
US5782947A (en) * | 1995-09-07 | 1998-07-21 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Method for heating a glass sheet |
US5827345A (en) * | 1995-09-07 | 1998-10-27 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Method for heating, forming and tempering a glass sheet |
US6000244A (en) * | 1998-06-08 | 1999-12-14 | Ford Motor Company | Mold assembly for forming a glass sheet |
US6270595B1 (en) * | 1997-08-25 | 2001-08-07 | Komatsu Ltd. | Bushing for crawler belt and method of manufacture |
US6408649B1 (en) * | 2000-04-28 | 2002-06-25 | Gyrotron Technology, Inc. | Method for the rapid thermal treatment of glass and glass-like materials using microwave radiation |
US20020162610A1 (en) * | 2000-04-03 | 2002-11-07 | Shrout Thomas R. | Mircowave sintering of multilayer dielectrics with base metal electrodes |
US6821363B1 (en) * | 1999-07-30 | 2004-11-23 | Elotherm Gmbh | Procedure for hardening at least one surface of a wall of a component and device for its execution |
US6826929B2 (en) * | 2001-09-19 | 2004-12-07 | Premakaran T. Boaz | Method for simultaneously heating and cooling glass to produce tempered glass |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2556243A (en) * | 1949-02-23 | 1951-06-12 | Ohio Crankshaft Co | Means and method of simultaneous hardening of opposite surfaces of thin metallic members |
NL1016974C2 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2002-06-25 | Dsm Nv | Benzoic acid particles. |
-
2004
- 2004-11-05 US US10/982,444 patent/US7694532B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-02-24 US US12/711,497 patent/US20100147028A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (35)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1981560A (en) * | 1933-02-27 | 1934-11-20 | Corning Glass Works | Method and apparatus for cooling glass |
US1951950A (en) * | 1933-05-29 | 1934-03-20 | Corning Glass Works | Method and apparatus for cooling glass articles |
US2068799A (en) * | 1933-09-02 | 1937-01-26 | Corning Glass Works | Tempering glass |
US2178520A (en) * | 1936-07-01 | 1939-10-31 | Hartford Empire Co | Method of tempering glass |
US2254227A (en) * | 1937-04-22 | 1941-09-02 | Corning Glass Works | Glass tempering method and apparatus |
US2375944A (en) * | 1939-01-24 | 1945-05-15 | Quentin Alberto | Method of tempering glass articles |
US2390910A (en) * | 1943-01-27 | 1945-12-11 | Hartford Empire Co | Method of cooling glass articles |
US2428969A (en) * | 1943-10-11 | 1947-10-14 | Corning Glass Works | Glass heating and working |
US2556236A (en) * | 1946-08-31 | 1951-06-12 | Ohio Crankshaft Co | Heat-treating method and product |
US2695475A (en) * | 1949-10-21 | 1954-11-30 | American Optical Corp | Means and method of hardening glass articles |
US2902575A (en) * | 1957-04-24 | 1959-09-01 | Corning Glass Works | Electric glassworking |
US3406022A (en) * | 1964-06-12 | 1968-10-15 | Cie Belgo Luxembourgeoise Du C | Process and installation for glass tempering and cooling |
US3608766A (en) * | 1967-12-22 | 1971-09-28 | Compaznie De Saint Gobain | Tempered stemware and process of making it |
US3938980A (en) * | 1973-12-20 | 1976-02-17 | The Seagrave Corporation | Method and apparatus for forming tempered glass articles |
US4468010A (en) * | 1981-07-22 | 1984-08-28 | Park-Ohio Industries, Inc. | Method and apparatus for quench hardening thin-walled, elongated workpieces |
US4401485A (en) * | 1981-07-22 | 1983-08-30 | Park-Ohio Industries, Inc. | Method for inductively heating thin-walled elongated workpieces |
US4375997A (en) * | 1982-05-13 | 1983-03-08 | General Motors Corporation | Method of inductively heat treating a thin-walled workpiece to control distortion |
US4531987A (en) * | 1984-05-30 | 1985-07-30 | Park-Ohio Industries, Inc. | Method for inductively heat treating workpiece bore walls |
US4625090A (en) * | 1984-05-30 | 1986-11-25 | Park-Ohio Industries, Inc. | Apparatus for inductively heat treating workpiece bore walls |
US4628167A (en) * | 1985-06-27 | 1986-12-09 | Tocco, Inc. | Apparatus for inductively hardneing the interior surface of objects |
US4785147A (en) * | 1986-06-25 | 1988-11-15 | Tocco, Inc. | System for hardening gears by induction heating |
US4786772A (en) * | 1986-11-07 | 1988-11-22 | Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. | Induction heating coil for heat-treating metallic tubes |
US4900984A (en) * | 1987-04-28 | 1990-02-13 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Cathode ray tube with antistatic film on front panel |
US5226243A (en) * | 1991-05-22 | 1993-07-13 | Angelo Cremona & Figlio S.P.A. | Belt conveyor plant for wood panel drying |
US5322542A (en) * | 1991-11-22 | 1994-06-21 | Toyo Glass Company Limited | Method of and apparatus for chamfering edge of glass vessel |
US5414246A (en) * | 1993-12-27 | 1995-05-09 | Ford Motor Company | Apparatus for scaleless induction heating |
US5782947A (en) * | 1995-09-07 | 1998-07-21 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Method for heating a glass sheet |
US5827345A (en) * | 1995-09-07 | 1998-10-27 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Method for heating, forming and tempering a glass sheet |
US6270595B1 (en) * | 1997-08-25 | 2001-08-07 | Komatsu Ltd. | Bushing for crawler belt and method of manufacture |
US6000244A (en) * | 1998-06-08 | 1999-12-14 | Ford Motor Company | Mold assembly for forming a glass sheet |
US6821363B1 (en) * | 1999-07-30 | 2004-11-23 | Elotherm Gmbh | Procedure for hardening at least one surface of a wall of a component and device for its execution |
US20020162610A1 (en) * | 2000-04-03 | 2002-11-07 | Shrout Thomas R. | Mircowave sintering of multilayer dielectrics with base metal electrodes |
US6408649B1 (en) * | 2000-04-28 | 2002-06-25 | Gyrotron Technology, Inc. | Method for the rapid thermal treatment of glass and glass-like materials using microwave radiation |
US6826929B2 (en) * | 2001-09-19 | 2004-12-07 | Premakaran T. Boaz | Method for simultaneously heating and cooling glass to produce tempered glass |
US7367205B1 (en) * | 2001-09-19 | 2008-05-06 | Boaz Premakaran T | System for simultaneously heating and cooling glass |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20110289977A1 (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2011-12-01 | Ringuette Timothy A | Post-Manufacture Glass Container Thermal Strengthening Station |
US20110289978A1 (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2011-12-01 | Ringuette Timothy A | Cooling Tube Mechanism Operation in a Post-Manufacture Glass Container Thermal Strengthening Station |
US20110289971A1 (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2011-12-01 | Brown Steven J | Post-Manufacture Glass Container Thermal Strengthening Method |
US8650908B2 (en) | 2010-05-25 | 2014-02-18 | Emhart Glass S.A. | Post-manufacture glass container thermal strengthening on a conveyor |
US8833107B2 (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2014-09-16 | Emhart Glass S.A. | Post-manufacture glass container thermal strengthening station |
US8839644B2 (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2014-09-23 | Emhart Glass S.A. | Post-manufacture glass container thermal strengthening method |
US8893528B2 (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2014-11-25 | Emhart Glass S.A. | Cooling tube mechanism operation in a post-manufacture glass container thermal strengthening station |
US11427494B2 (en) * | 2016-02-11 | 2022-08-30 | Vosstech As | Tempering furnace and method for tempering a glass object |
US11787735B2 (en) | 2020-07-20 | 2023-10-17 | Corning Incorporated | Stress features for crack redirection and protection in glass containers |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7694532B1 (en) | 2010-04-13 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20100147028A1 (en) | System and method for tempering glass containers | |
US7367205B1 (en) | System for simultaneously heating and cooling glass | |
CN101535192B (en) | Method and apparatus for quenching formed glass sheets | |
US6042369A (en) | Fluidized-bed heat-treatment process and apparatus for use in a manufacturing line | |
EP1808418A1 (en) | Apparatus and method for tempering glass containers using radio-frequency | |
EP2565168A1 (en) | Glass Tempering Method and Apparatus | |
US8857218B2 (en) | Cooling tube nozzle for a post-manufacture glass container thermal strengthening station | |
WO2019019699A1 (en) | Thin tempered glass production method | |
EP0416332B1 (en) | Method and apparatus for preventing the arching of glass sheets in the roller-equipped furnace of a horizontal tempering plant | |
US8833107B2 (en) | Post-manufacture glass container thermal strengthening station | |
MX2007005372A (en) | Apparatus and method for tempering glass containers using radio-frequency | |
CN106430928B (en) | A kind of toughening method for internally setting laser 3D and drawing monolithic glass | |
US3827872A (en) | Glass tempering method | |
CN105819677A (en) | Opal glassware tempering technology | |
ZA200502916B (en) | System and method for simultaneously heating and cooling glass to produce tempered glass | |
CN110642508A (en) | Annealing process for glass tableware | |
CN214193037U (en) | A forced air cooling tempering system for 2mm glass | |
SU295248A1 (en) | METHOD OF Hardening Hollow Glassware | |
MX2011000526A (en) | System and method for tempering glass containers. |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO PAY ISSUE FEE |