US20100143042A1 - Device for Restoring or for Installing the Thermally Insulating External Jacket of Pipes, Tubes, Hoses, Connection Elements and Other Jacketed Elements - Google Patents

Device for Restoring or for Installing the Thermally Insulating External Jacket of Pipes, Tubes, Hoses, Connection Elements and Other Jacketed Elements Download PDF

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US20100143042A1
US20100143042A1 US12/523,170 US52317008A US2010143042A1 US 20100143042 A1 US20100143042 A1 US 20100143042A1 US 52317008 A US52317008 A US 52317008A US 2010143042 A1 US2010143042 A1 US 2010143042A1
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Prior art keywords
elastomer compound
gel type
casing
poly
styrene
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Abandoned
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US12/523,170
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English (en)
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Nguyen Truong Dinh
Christian Gaillard
Raymond Hallot
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CONDAT SA/SAIPEM
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CONDAT SA/SAIPEM
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/14—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L59/16—Arrangements specially adapted to local requirements at flanges, junctions, valves or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F297/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L1/00—Laying or reclaiming pipes; Repairing or joining pipes on or under water
    • F16L1/26—Repairing or joining pipes on or under water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/16—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders
    • F16L55/168—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from outside the pipe
    • F16L55/17—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from outside the pipe by means of rings, bands or sleeves pressed against the outside surface of the pipe or hose
    • F16L55/1705—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from outside the pipe by means of rings, bands or sleeves pressed against the outside surface of the pipe or hose with a substantially radial tightening member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/14—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L59/16—Arrangements specially adapted to local requirements at flanges, junctions, valves or the like
    • F16L59/165—Repairing insulated pipes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for producing or repairing the external cladding of lines with a view to providing or repairing damaged heat insulation.
  • the invention also relates to the fitting of heat insulation to be performed at individual points on members particularly couplings, connections with insufficient or no heat insulation and, as such, displaying unacceptable heat losses.
  • the invention also relates to an elastomer component forming a lining/mat, which is solid or perforated, of a casing of a device for producing or repairing the external heat insulation cladding of members, such as, for example, a line, which, displaying a heat insulation defect, for example, cracking of the existing insulator, needs to be repaired in the heat insulation thereof to eliminate or at least reduce undesirable thermal bridges.
  • the invention also relates to a plurality of methods for producing the elastomer component associated with the casing.
  • the invention finally relates to the use of an elastomer component for repairing the external cladding of lines, connection members and other clad members, in particular, positioned on the seabed.
  • the crude oil is routed from the production head located on the surface of the seabed, to the oil tankers, storage barges or storage and/or pumping platforms, by means of complex line systems, generally consisting of metal tubes protected and heat-insulated by very high performance insulating complexes installed at the outer periphery of said lines.
  • the crude oil comes out of the well heads at variable temperatures of the order of 50° C. and up to 150-160° C. in some specific fields.
  • the oil is paraffinic and generally has high proportions of gas and water, which leads, in the event of the temperature lowering to around 30-35° C., to the creation of precipitation and solidification of the paraffins, forming contractions, or clogging. Generally, these contractions are located at cold points.
  • carbohydrate formation occurs by means of physicochemical reaction between the compressed gas and water, these carbohydrates have the same consistencies as sorbets and tend to create clogging, thus completely blocking the oil flow.
  • connections have, besides the standard sections, singular points, such as bends, T-connections, automatic connectors, valves and junction sleeves with well heads or bed-surface connection towers, which need extreme insulation, to prevent the creation of cold points locally which would rapidly create localised clogging liable to block the crude oil flow as explained above.
  • singular points are, generally, insulated with thick syntactic foam shells, assembled around the line members and rigidly connected together by bonding or by adding thermoplastic sheaths of variable thickness covering same partially or completely, the preparation of said members being performed, generally, in the workshop.
  • the syntactic foam consists of hollow glass microspheres generally coated in an epoxy or polyurethane binder and capable of withstanding implosion under considerable pressures.
  • the syntactic foam has a high rigidity and a good resistance to the pressure of the seabed, which is roughly 100 bar, i.e. approximately 10 Mpa, for 1000 m of depth of water.
  • the patent EP0779465 is known, which describes such a collar for repairing submarine lines by forming a tight gap between the collar and the line and a semi-automated handling system for fitting said collar around said line.
  • the collar comprises two half-shells held around the line during the repair thereof, using locking means.
  • the two half-shells are separated by a gap closed by two longitudinal seals positioned between the half-shells and by two seals at each end.
  • Locking means are also provided.
  • the gap between the half-shells and the external surface of the line is filled with a cement, for example, consisting of a mixture of sand and epoxy resin, and, once setting has been achieved, the tool is retrieved and the set slurry is in direct contact with the seawater.
  • WO03069212 is known, which describes a shell assembly for surrounding a tubular member.
  • the assembly comprises three parts connected together by two joints located at each of the ends thereof, the mobile parts being attached to each other using attachment means.
  • This document also describes the use of cement for sealing the annual gap between the tubular member and the internal surface of the assembled shells.
  • the document FR1477201 describes sleeves that can be used for connecting pipes or for repairing leaks on pipes.
  • Said sleeve consisting of two half-cylinders is attached around the pipe to be repaired and the gap between the sleeve and the pipe is filled with sealing cement.
  • Such repair systems associating a mechanical device and mortars produced using cement slurry or duroplastic resins are difficult to control during the deployment thereof on-site, particularly in the case of procedures at very low depths, i.e. depths of 1500 or 2000 m or more. Indeed, at these depths, the entire process must be carried out on-site and controlled from the surface. Furthermore, these depths are subject to considerable pressures (100 bar per 1000 m segment) and very low temperatures of the order of 3-5° C., which interfere with, or even prevent, conventional resin polymerisation of cement slurry setting processes. Moreover, at such temperature and pressure conditions, the viscosity of the various compounds is modified radically, which complicates the preparation, use and injection of such products considerably.
  • the technical problem to be solved is that of repairing damage to line insulation systems and tubular connection members of lines and, more specifically, submarine lines, said damage being conveyed generally by circular or axial cracking in the thickness of said insulation system or localised subsidences, i.e. localised reductions in the thickness of said insulation system.
  • the invention relates to a device for repairing and fitting heat insulation capabilities of the external cladding of clad members such as tubular lines, connection members and other clad members, positioned on the seabed, said device consisting of a casing comprising attachment and/or tightening means, suitable for being mounted on said clad members, characterised in that the device comprises inside the casing thereof, a gel type elastomer heat insulation compound, in the form of a solid or perforated lining/mat, rigidly connected to said casing and compressed by tightening on the clad member during the fitting thereof.
  • the invention also relates to methods for producing the gel type elastomer compound.
  • the invention finally relates to the use of the device for repairing and fitting insulating capabilities of the external insulating cladding of clad members, such as tubular lines, connection members and other clad members, positioned on the seabed at very low depths.
  • clad members such as tubular lines, connection members and other clad members
  • the device for repairing and fitting insulating capabilities of the external insulating cladding of clad members immersed at low depths enables the reduction, or elimination, of thermal bridges resulting from in-situ deteriorations in the operating conditions of a facility and/or the design of said facility.
  • the thermal bridge is eliminated by filling, partially or completely, the cracks or damage appearing in the insulating material, by means of the gel type elastomer compound and/or by creating an enclosed space defined by the gel type elastomer compound having trapped during the fitting of the device, a small quantity of seawater, said small quantity of water stabilising thermally with the temperature of the line wherein the oil is flowing and said elastomer compound acting as an insulation means substantially restoring the continuity of the insulation of the line.
  • the gel type elastomer compound having the form of a solid mat is compressed considerably and deformed by the circular tightening applied by the casing, until the cracks of a cladding to be repaired are completely or partially sealed.
  • the gel type elastomer compound may be in the form of a frame, the heat insulation being obtained by the compression of the elastomer compound in the form of a frame which traps a small quantity of seawater, said seawater contributing to the heat insulation of the repaired line.
  • the gel type elastomer compound is a heat-insulating material with pronounced elastomeric properties and, as such, a high malleability. It is practically incompressible and withstands perfectly, without losing the mechanical qualities thereof, or the excellent resistance to creep thereof over time, or the insulation performances thereof, the considerable pressures in the deep sea, i.e. substantially 250 bar for a water depth of 2500 metres.
  • the gel type elastomer compound by means of the elastomeric properties thereof and the application thereof by means of compression, in the form of a solid or perforated lining/mat is adapted in-situ to the geometry of the fault to be repaired and/or covered tightly, said geometry not possibly being known precisely in advance.
  • This geometry of the cladding defect may be in the form of a crack, contraction, break, gap, void.
  • the gel type elastomer compound in the form of a lining/mat will, by means of compression, be deformed and seal partially or completely, by means of penetration of the elastomer compound in the voids of the geometric defects of the damaged cladding, due to the elastomeric properties thereof.
  • the gel type elastomeric component is thus comparable to a thick “compress” completely surrounding or locally insulating the defective part of a line with respect to the ambient environment.
  • the gel type elastomer compound in the form of a perforated or hollow lining/mat forming a frame, with or without base, said base being preferentially formed of the same material as the frame, is arranged on the periphery of the crack, the casing closing the gap created tightly.
  • Said gel type elastomer compound of the device is advantageously associated with a substrate ranging from rigid to flexible to facilitate the handling, use and attachment thereof to the casing, said attachment to the casing possibly being performed by mechanical means such as riveting, screwing and other mechanical means or by chemical means such as bonding.
  • the gel type elastomer compound consists of at least one elastomeric polymer which may be of the thermoplastic type or polysiloxane or polyurethane or another synthetic or natural elastomer.
  • thermoplastic elastomeric polymer according to the invention is selected in the group consisting of di or tri-block sequenced copolymers which may be linear, branched, multi-branched or have star branching.
  • multi-branched implies the presence of a plurality of branches in the morphology of said copolymer.
  • the di or tri-block copolymer used in the composition is selected from poly(styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrenes), poly(styrene-ethylene-propylene-styrenes), poly(styrene-ethylene-propylenes), poly(styrene-ethylene-butylenes), poly(styrene-ethylene-ethylene-propylene-styrenes) taken alone or in a mixture.
  • di or tri-block copolymers used in the gel type elastomer compound are advantageously combined with at least one polymer or copolymer selected in the group of poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene) (SBS), poly(styrene-butadiene) (SB), poly(styrene-isoprene-styrene) (SIS), poly(styrene-isoprene) (SI), poly(styrene-ethylene-propylene) (SEP), low-viscosity poly(styrene-ethylene-propylene-styrene) (SEPS), low-viscosity poly(styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene) (SEBS), poly(styrene-ethylene-butylene) (SEB), polybutylene, poly(ethylene-propylene) (PE), poly(ethylene-butylene) (EB), polypropylene, or polyethylene.
  • the selected thermoplastic elastomer polymers used in the composition of the gel type elastomer compound, according to the invention are selected from high-viscosity di or tri-block copolymers wherein the morphologies are, as a general rule, sequenced according to a structure A-B-A, where each element A is a polystyrene polymer type vitreous segment and where each element B is an elastomer segment forming a block from a polymer of poly(ethylene-butylene), poly(ethylene-propylene), or poly(ethylene-ethylene-propylene).
  • the poly(ethylene-butylene) or poly(ethylene-propylene) and polystyrene parts are incompatible and form a two-phase system consisting of submicronic vitreous block domains A interconnected by flexible block chains B. These domains form cross-linking nodes and make it possible to reinforce a three-dimensional structure.
  • This meshed structure having elastomeric physical behaviour is reversible with the temperature. By heating the elastomeric gel above the melting points of said cross-linking nodes, the structure is temporarily destroyed and behaves like a liquid, and may be reconstituted by lowering the temperature again.
  • cross-linking is somewhat physical which is reversible at the melting point of the vitreous domains, unlike chemical cross-linking, by means of a cross-linking agent, which is irreversible and results in non-meltable materials.
  • the at least one hydrocarbon base used in the gel type elastomer compound forming a lining/mat may be selected in the group consisting of light hydrocarbons such as kerosene, gas oil, white-spirit, optionally linear paraffins, having a varied molecular weight, mineral oils resulting from petrochemicals or oil refining such as paraffin, naphthene bases, hydro-refined, hydro-cracked or hydro-isomerised bases, optionally dearomatised solvents, vegetable oils such as rapeseed, sunflower, soya, palm oil, or animal oils such as suet, lard or others, polyalphaolefins (PAO) or isopolyalphaolefins, polyisobutylenes (PIB) or polybutenes having varied molecular weights, polyalkyleneglycols (PAG), fatty esters, fatty alcohols, fatty ethers.
  • light hydrocarbons such as kerosene
  • the hydrocarbon bases used in the composition of the gel type elastomer compound, according to the invention are selected in the group of paraffinic solvents, paraffinic mineral oils or optionally linear paraffins.
  • the composition comprises:
  • c) optionally between 0.1% to 6% of a biocidal agent and between 0.1% and 6% of an antioxidant agent.
  • Such a material is versatile in terms of physical properties in that the cross-linking performed between polymer chains is physical in nature and, as such, is completely reversible with the temperature. It is thus possible to obtain a transition from a solid state, elastomeric in nature, to a liquid, by heating the material and vice versa.
  • the gel type elastomeric component consists of at least one polysiloxane elastomeric polymer.
  • elastomers of natural or synthetic origin such as polyurethane ether or ester elastomers, polyisoprenes, butadiene styrene copolymers, polybutadienes, nitriles, butyls, polychloroprenes, butadiene acrylonitriles, natural rubbers and others may be prepared in the form of gel and, as such, are suitable for use in the composition of the elastomer compound.
  • the gel type elastomer compound according to the invention may advantageously comprise in the composition thereof a biocidal agent, acting simultaneously as a bactericide and fungicide and the purpose of which is to prevent any risk of biological degradation of the elastomer compound in the marine environment in question.
  • any wide-spectrum biocidal agent with a bactericidal and fungicidal action well known in the prior art may be used in the composition.
  • the gel type elastomer compound according to the invention may also advantageously comprise antioxidant agents for example from the amine or phenol family, or the suitable association of both to protect in some cases of formulations or applications the thermal and antioxidant stability of the composition.
  • the elastomer compound, in gel form has the physical appearance of a very flexible elastomer. Such a material is particularly versatile in the applications it enables. Indeed, it is possible to modify the mechanical characteristics of the elastomer in gel form by modifying the composition of said compound.
  • the gel type elastomer compound is a transparent material, physically presented in the aspect of a volume of diverse and varied shapes interacting with the casing thereof.
  • the most common form is a thick parallelepipedic mat to be applied on the defect to be eliminated such as a crack and fill and insulate same thermally, by means of compression.
  • the gel type elastomer compound may also be in the physical form of seals, for example rectangular cross-section seals, having an appearance somewhat similar to a frame which is applied around the defect to be corrected, such as a crack, a cold point, or a zone to be isolated from the ambient marine environment, with the contribution of the casing, in order to create a heat-insulating barrier between the seawater at 3-5° C. and the immersed line substantially at the temperature of the fluid circulating therein.
  • seals for example rectangular cross-section seals, having an appearance somewhat similar to a frame which is applied around the defect to be corrected, such as a crack, a cold point, or a zone to be isolated from the ambient marine environment, with the contribution of the casing, in order to create a heat-insulating barrier between the seawater at 3-5° C. and the immersed line substantially at the temperature of the fluid circulating therein.
  • the gel type elastomer compound when in the form of a frame, it may comprise a base and said base may advantageously be made in the same material as said frame.
  • the elastomer compound may consist of a single material and, in this case, appear to be single-layer or be made of a plurality of different materials, in successive layers, forming a multi-layer, for example, for obtaining a contact layer with the cladding of the clad member, displaying distinct specific properties from the layer in contact with the substrate or a core layer.
  • the production of the gel type elastomer compound when produced using thermoplastic polymers, is as follows:
  • the method consists of introducing all the compounds, i.e. the elastomer copolymer and the hydrocarbon base, and the additives used in the composition, and mixing same at ambient temperature in a reaction vessel, and rapidly heating the mixture to the melting point of the final elastomer gel, substantially close to the melting point of the elastomeric copolymer used. At this temperature, producing a slight vacuum eliminates any air bubbles present in the viscous liquid.
  • the gel formed, in the liquid state at this temperature, is poured without delay into a mould of a suitable shape for the application in question, and cooled to ambient temperature, thus forming a solid or perforated elastomeric solid, the shape of which may be, for example, a parallelepiped or a parallelepipedic frame optionally provided with a base.
  • the gel type elastomer compound forming the solid or perforated lining/mat is then released from the mould.
  • the elastomer compound is thus produced under a) stirring by mixing the elastomeric polymer, the hydrocarbon base and any additives, b) followed by heating to the melting point of the gel type elastomer compound, associated with deaeration, c) followed by hot casting at the same temperature into a mould and d) cooling of said compound, in the mould, followed by e) release of said compound produced from the mould at ambient temperature.
  • a low proportion of the sequenced thermoplastic copolymer is introduced in a first step (i) in the hydrocarbon base, of the order of 0.5% to 10% by weight with reference to the mixture, and any other additives. This pre-mixture is then heated to the melting point of the sequenced thermoplastic copolymer.
  • the medium formed is then cooled, to ambient temperature, in a second step (ii).
  • the additional sequenced thermoplastic copolymer is added to the pre-mixture in a third step (iii), so as to obtain the final percentages of sequenced thermoplastic copolymer.
  • the mixture obtained is then stirred vigorously while being maintained at a low temperature, said low temperature preventing any premature gelling of the mixture formed.
  • said pre-gel is subjected to a vacuum phase until a bubble-free mixture is obtained.
  • a fourth step (iv) the filling of the mould, to obtain the elastomer compound, is performed using a low air flow rate pump, taking care to incline the mould and prevent any air bubble formation during filling. A positive pressure may be applied to the membrane covering the mould. The mould is then placed in an oven at a temperature at most equal to that of the gel melting point during the period of time required for definitive gelling.
  • a fifth step (v) the gel type elastomer compound is cooled to ambient temperature and released from the mould in the form of a lining/mat.
  • the mixture formed from the pre-mixture and the additional sequenced thermoplastic copolymer is subjected to vigorous stirring while being maintained at a temperature not more than equal to 35° C.
  • the mixture poured into the filled mould is heated to a temperature of the order of 90° C. for a time between 10 and 12 hours.
  • the aim of this first step (i) is to thicken the hydrocarbon base so as to prevent the risk of sedimentation of the copolymer grains when adding the 99.5% to 90% remaining copolymer.
  • the gel type elastomer compound behaves like a thermoplastic material, i.e. when the elastomeric polymer of the composition is thermoplastic, and, as such, it may be formed using any plastics technology application techniques such as extrusion, injection moulding, calendering, once the compounds, i.e. the copolymer and the hydrocarbon base and any additives, have been mixed, depending on the desired physical forms.
  • the physical characteristics of the gel type elastomer compound are directly dependent on the composition thereof and the production method thereof. Some of these characteristics are preferentially selected with respect to the usage constraints and are more specifically:
  • the gel type elastomer compound is used in the device as follows:
  • the gel type elastomer compound is advantageously associated with a substrate thus forming a multi-layer composite.
  • the gel type elastomer compound is advantageously associated with a substrate providing mechanical resistance properties with a view to the use thereof as a solid or perforated lining/mat in the device for repairing the external insulating cladding of clad members, for example lines.
  • This solid substrate also makes it possible to attach the gel type elastomer compound on the casing, by means of mechanical attachments, such as, for example, riveting, screwing, or by other mechanical assembly means, or by means of chemical attachments, such as, for example, bonding, adhesive force, heat-sealing or other means, particularly according to the nature of the casing.
  • This substrate advantageously has a developable surface, such as a rectangular plane sheet of thermoplastic material, such as polyethylene or polypropylene or any other material in a similar physical form that, due to the flexibility thereof, when associated with the elastomer compound mat, can be rolled round to encompass, for example, the damaged external insulating cladding zone of a line to be repaired.
  • a developable surface such as a rectangular plane sheet of thermoplastic material, such as polyethylene or polypropylene or any other material in a similar physical form that, due to the flexibility thereof, when associated with the elastomer compound mat, can be rolled round to encompass, for example, the damaged external insulating cladding zone of a line to be repaired.
  • said substrate will advantageously consist of a thin metal sheet, for example stainless steel, preferentially cooperating with a grid rigidly connected to said sheet, said grid acting as an anchor for the gel type elastomer compound, during the moulding of said compound.
  • the end composite forms a multi-layer with an intimate bond between the elastomer compound in gel form and the flexible or semi-rigid substrate which is preferentially a thermoplastic material.
  • the multi-layer composite is produced as follows: the method described above for producing the elastomer compound in gel form is applied. After vacuum degassing and before casting, the mould is preheated to a temperature close to the softening point of the thermoplastic material forming the substrate. Said substrate, for example a polyethylene sheet, is positioned at the base of the mould and is softened due to the temperature of said mould. The degassed liquid elastomer compound is then poured directly onto said softened substrate. The whole is maintained at this temperature for a period of 15 to 30 minutes in order to ensure optimal adherence of the gel on the thermoplastic substrate.
  • the temperature is maintained at a level such that there is no risk of degradation or contraction of the thermoplastic substrate liable to be caused by potential overheating. Satisfactory adherence between the two materials, the substrate and the gel, is observed, through the homogeneity of the colour of the interface, but also in the cleaving force measurement.
  • the bond between the gel type elastomer compound and the substrate may also be produced by assembly using a specific adhesive.
  • the gel type elastomer compound is then assembled on the substrate by means of adhesives well known to those skilled in the art, capable of retaining the flexibility thereof to make it possible, for example, to roll the device around a clad tube to be repaired.
  • the substrate is thus in the form of a semi-rigid or flexible sheet or panel capable of being curved to mould the surface of the line to be repaired by adopting a tubular shape.
  • the multi-layer composite formed i.e. formed from the gel type elastomer compound and the substrate intimately bound with said elastomer compound, is then assembled, by means of the substrate, on the internal surface of the casing of the device.
  • the elastomer compound in gel form associated with a substrate forming a multi-layer composite is assembled with the casing to form the device, forming, for example, a collar once fitted, moulding the cylindrical shape of the line.
  • the attachment and/or tightening means at each of the ends of the casing thus enable the attachment and tensioning of the casing and the compression of the elastomer compound on the cladding to be repaired.
  • the casing may be a flexible or semi-flexible sheet, capable of being rolled or folded around, to encompass the line, and having a sufficient tensile strength to enclose said line and apply this pressure.
  • the casing of the device may consist of various materials of metal origin such as, for example, special stainless steels, titanium, or of organic origin, or be made of composite materials, such as, for example, thermoplastic elastomers or a rubber, reinforced by a mesh of synthetic or metal fibres.
  • metal origin such as, for example, special stainless steels, titanium, or of organic origin
  • composite materials such as, for example, thermoplastic elastomers or a rubber, reinforced by a mesh of synthetic or metal fibres.
  • This casing is in the form of a rectangular sheet, having a size enabling the repair of the clad member.
  • the length of the casing is, for example, such that it is equivalent to the perimeter of a theoretical circle of a diameter equal to the sum of the initial diameter of the cladding of the line in a sound zone and twice the thickness of the elastomer compound mat, in the case of an elastomer compound not penetrating the cracks to be repaired or only penetrating said cracks slightly.
  • said diameter of the theoretical circle should be equal to the sum of the initial diameter of the cladding of the line and 1.8 to 1.6 times the elastomer compound mat thickness, depending on whether moderate or significant penetration inside the cracks is sought.
  • This casing advantageously comprises on the sides thereof returns perpendicular to said casing forming radial protections once the casing has been fitted on the collar.
  • the casing is preferably made of one part which is rolled around, the edges thereof joining to completely encompass the circumference of the clad member to be repaired.
  • the casing consists of two semi-tubular shell type parts each provided with complementary attachment means to those of the other half-shell which engage with each other to attach the two semi-tubular shells to each other so as to create compression of the elastomer compound against the clad member to be repaired.
  • the attachment and/or tightening means of the casing on the clad member to be repaired consist of any known mechanical systems such as, for example, two metal bars and a screw/nut type flange, for example, or any other mechanical system for attaching and tightening the casing around the line to be repaired or more generally the clad member to be repaired.
  • the attachment and tightening means of the casing may for example be a rod attached onto the casing by bending the two ends of the flexible or semi-rigid casing around said rod, and receiving a screw/nut type mechanism, or a fastening mechanism attaching and tightening the casing forming a collar around the gel type elastomer compound covering the external cladding of the line to be repaired.
  • the attachment and/or tightening means engage with the casing so as to compress the elastomer component against the line of the clad member to be repaired.
  • the attachment and/or tightening means are rigidly connected to the casing and comprise two complementary parts mounted on the two opposite edges of the sheet or panel substrate and engage with each other to attach the casing by means of tightening against the line or clad member to be repaired.
  • the device may be fitted on the cladding to be repaired in various modes:
  • the device is fitted around the cladding of the line to be repaired, shaped by a suitable tool, and tightened around the cladding of the line to form a collar.
  • This positioning of the device is performed by a tool comprising at least two mobile half-jaws actuated for example by hydraulic cylinders, said tool is handled on the seabed by an automatic submarine equipped with a handling arm and hydraulic units, controlled from the surface.
  • the gel type elastomer compound is sufficiently malleable for the deformation thereof to be possible, when subjected, via the casing, to an intense radial tightening around the cladding to be repaired, during the closing movement of the mobile half-jaws of the tool.
  • the elastomer compound is thus compressed and partially or completely penetrates the cracks to be filled, while retaining an additional thickness in the adjacent sound zones.
  • an enclosed space, filled with seawater, is created around the crack or identified cold points reducing the risks of heat convection.
  • the gel type elastomer compound takes the form of a frame in this case.
  • the gel thickness may be increased at certain points of the cladding to be repaired to increase the insulation properties locally.
  • the device thus has the following applications:
  • FIG. 1 represents a side view of an intervention vessel located perpendicular to a junction sleeve between a submarine line and a well head with a view to repairing the damage to the insulation system thereof.
  • FIG. 2 represents a side view of a portion of the junction sleeve displaying various types of damage.
  • FIG. 3A is a sectional front view of a line displaying damage to the insulation system thereof, an elastomer compound mat handling tool, handled by an ROV, an automatic submarine controlled from the surface, descending to encompass said line.
  • FIG. 3B is the side view relative to FIG. 3A , detailing the descent of the tool overlapping on a series of damaged points.
  • FIG. 4A represents a sectional front view of a line equipped with the elastomer compound mat thereof, once the assembly has been completed and the attachment bolts tightened.
  • FIG. 4B is the side view relative to FIG. 4A , the mat only being applied on the cylindrical surface of the insulation system, the water remaining trapped inside.
  • FIG. 4C is the side view relative to FIG. 4A , the mat being applied and firmly compressed to partially or completely fill the cracks.
  • FIG. 5A represents a top view of a rectangular, plane elastomer compound mat.
  • FIG. 5 b is the sectional view relative to FIG. 5A detailing the plane elastomer compound mat, a substrate consisting of a polyethylene sheet rigidly connected thereto, the whole being represented respectively in a plane configuration, in a quasi-semi-circle with a view to being gripped by the handling tool, and in the form of a circle to completely encompass the insulation of the line to be repaired.
  • FIG. 6 is a similar view to that in FIG. 5B , and represents a half-shell to be bent and fitted in the right or left jaw of the tool in FIG. 3A-3B .
  • FIGS. 7A-7B represent the sectional view of a substrate consisting of a plane stainless steel sheet, whereon a grid rigidly connected thereto is added, respectively before and after duplicate moulding of plane elastomer compound mat.
  • FIGS. 8A-8B respectively represent a top view and a sectional view along XX of an elastomer compound mat in the form of a frame in the left part of the figure and a mat having a localised extra thickness to fill a specific defect of the cladding to be repaired.
  • FIG. 1 represents an intervention vessel 1 equipped with a submarine intervention robot (ROV) la located in the vicinity of a well head 1 b located at a depth of 1500 m, to perform a procedure on the insulation cladding 2 of a connection sleeve 3 a connecting a submarine line 3 b fitted on the seabed 4 , to said well head 1 b.
  • ROV submarine intervention robot
  • FIG. 2 represents a side view of a portion of line 3 clad with an insulating complex 2 displaying damage such as cracks 4 a, detached portions 4 b or localised cavities 4 c, caused, for example, by differential stresses induced in the insulator by variations in the temperature between the wall of the line at a high temperature and the seawater at 3-5° C., combined with the pressure of the seabed or the localised implosion of the microspheres forming the insulating complex.
  • damage such as cracks 4 a, detached portions 4 b or localised cavities 4 c
  • FIG. 3 a represents a sectional front view of a line 3 and an insulation system displaying damage 4 a - 4 b - 4 c above which the handling arm, not shown, of an ROV, not shown, holds in 7 the fitting tool 5 consisting of two jaws 5 a hinged in 6 and actuated by hydraulic cylinders not shown.
  • the tool holds an elastomer compound mat 8 consisting of a single mat shell 8 .
  • the tool is lowered onto the line and the two jaws are closed and tightened firmly by actuating the cylinders not shown.
  • a lock consisting for example of a bolt, is tightened in 9 to perform the definitive closure of the mat encompassed by the casing 10 thereof, as shown in FIG. 4 a.
  • FIG. 3 b is the side view corresponding to FIG. 3 a detailing the damage 4 a - 4 b - 4 c of the cladding and the hinge axes 6 of the jaws 5 a.
  • FIG. 4 b represents a sectional and side view of the elastomer compound mat 8 and the casing 10 , and a side view of the damaged cladding 2 and the line 3 .
  • the perimeter of the casing 10 is adjusted such that, once completely tightened, said mat is in intimate contact with the sound cladding portion, said mat not penetrating substantially into the cracks and various defects.
  • FIG. 4 c similar to FIG. 4 b, the perimeter of the casing is reduced, for example by 5 cm with respect to that in FIG. 4 b, but the thickness of the mat is retained, which results, following the complete tightening of the device, in further compression of said mat, which will be deformed due to the malleability thereof and enter the cracks and the various defects to absorb same either partially or completely.
  • the jaws 5 a of the tool 5 are closed and the elastomer compound starts to enter the cracks and the damaged points, the whole not being completely closed, water may escape via the lower generatrix, close to the closing latches.
  • the opposing faces 8 a of the segments of the mats touch each other and press against each other, the residual water 11 is trapped and can no longer come out.
  • FIG. 5 a represents a top view of a flat elastomer compound mat 8 , having a parallelepipedic shape.
  • FIG. 5 b is the sectional side view corresponding to FIG. 5 a, detailing the 150 mm thick elastomer compound mat 8 , a rigid substrate 12 consisting of a 6 mm thick polypropylene sheet, assembled by melting with said mat, said substrate being bonded on a casing 13 consisting of a 4 mm thick stainless steel sheet.
  • the half-latches 9 are attached to each of the ends of the casing 13 .
  • the production and transport are performed flat, and the whole is bent so as to obtain the shape a to be inserted into the jaws 5 a of the tool 5 , said tool completing the bending so as to achieve the final shape b following the fitting around the damaged cladding.
  • FIG. 6 represents a half-length elastomer compound mat, thus corresponding to a half-shell.
  • the half-shell after bending, is fitted on each of the jaws 5 a of the tool 5 .
  • FIGS. 7 a - 7 b represent a sectional and side view of a preferred prefabrication mode of the elastomer compound mat, represented before casting said compound ( 7 a ) and after casting ( 7 b ).
  • FIG. 7 a represents the stainless steel casing 13 topped with a tight-mesh grid 14 kept at a distance, for example 2 cm from said casing and rigidly connected thereto by supports 14 a.
  • the elastomer compound is then cast in place and the grid is then integrated in the mass of the mat, thus providing the mechanical line for bending and handling the whole for the integration thereof in the jaws 5 a of the tool 5 , and for the final fitting thereof on the cladding to be repaired.
  • FIGS. 8 a - 8 b represent respectively a top view and a sectional side view of a mat 8 rigidly connected to a substrate 12 , in turn rigidly connected to a casing 13 equipped with latches 9 , the mat having, in the left part of the figure, a frame shape 15 and in the right part a localised extra thickness 16 , of elastomer compound mat, to fill a particular defect of the cladding to be repaired.
  • the method for repairing the insulation of clad members to be repaired thus comprises the steps consisting of positioning the device around the clad member to be repaired, using suitable external technological means, tightening the device inducing the compression of the gel type elastomer compound, attaching the device definitively and removing the external positioning means.
  • a plurality of gel type elastomer compounds were produced with different sequenced copolymers and different hydrocarbon bases and different proportions of copolymers in said hydrocarbon bases.
  • the gel type elastomer compound was prepared using the following method:
  • the physical mixture of the sequence copolymer belonging to the Kraton® family and the hydrocarbon base was heated to 140° C. until a homogeneous liquid was obtained according to a temperature rise of 120° C. for an 8-hour period and heated to the final temperature of 140° C. for two hours.
  • This mixture is then deaerated in a 1 bar vacuum, said deaeration being performed over a period of the order of 2 to 3 hours by means of a vacuum pump.
  • the mould is filled gravitationally, the mould being inclined to prevent any air bubble formation during filling.
  • the mould is heated by a heating belt, making it possible to maintain the mould at the desired temperature during casting.
  • the filled mould is then slowly returned to the horizontal position and allowed to cool to ambient temperature. This method ensures satisfactory filling and prevents the formation of air pockets.
  • the filling time is of the order of 15 to 30 minutes according to the size of the elastomer compound to be produced.
  • the selected elastomer polymer is a tri-block linear copolymer comprising a styrene type rigid segment, an ethylene/butylene type flexible segment, (S-E/B-S), with a quantity of styrene of 33% by mass, having the brand name Kraton® G-1651 E, marketed by KRATON POLYMERS.
  • Kraton® “experimental prototype” was also tested. It consists of Kraton® MD6933 with the same composition as Kraton® G-1651 E, with a larger ethylene butylenes block (EB), i.e. a higher molecular weight, thus enabling improved mechanical and thermal stabilities of the resulting gel.
  • EB ethylene butylenes block
  • Kraton® G 1651 E is introduced at a rate of 10% by weight into the final composition.
  • the selected hydrocarbon base is a gas oil type aliphatic solvent with a flash point of 135° C., sold under the brand name Hydroseal® G3H by TOTAL. Hydroseal® G3H is introduced at a rate of 89% by weight into the final composition.
  • the physical characteristics of the gel type elastomer compound obtained vary as a function of the percentage of tri-block sequences copolymer present in the composition.
  • the physical characteristics, particularly the dropping point, expressed in ° C., and firmness of the gel, expressed in terms of maximum penetration resistance force in Newton, of the gel type elastomer compound, obtained from a composition comprising Kraton® G-1651 E and Hydroseal® G3H, are given in table 1 below:
  • the effect of the solvent power of the hydrocarbon bases on the characteristics of the gel type elastomer compound is shown in table 2.
  • the variables are, respectively, the density measured at 15° C., of the gel type elastomer compound produced in this way, according to the composition and dropping point expressed in ° C.
  • the tri-block sequenced copolymer of the composition is still Kraton® G-1651E, present in the composition at a rate of 8% by weight.
  • the hydrocarbon base used is respectively the Hydroseal® G3H mentioned above, and Hydroseal® G240H, having a flash point of 112° C.
  • Linpar® which are high-purity n-paraffins marketed by SASOL Italy S.p.A, more specifically Linpar® C10-13 and Linpar® C18-20, Linpar® C10-13 being a light fraction while Linpar® C18-20 is a heavier fraction.
  • PKWF28/31AF marketed by HALTERMANN was also used.
  • dropping points characteristic of the thermal stability of the gel type elastomer compound, are closely dependent on the solvent power of the hydrocarbon base used in the composition.
  • composition tests were performed with Kraton® FG1901X, rendered polar by grafting maleic anhydride, according to the same quantitative formulations as described above leading to performances resulting from substantially identical mechanical and thermal properties to those obtained with Kraton® G-1651E but an improved adhesion capability on steel, aluminium and other surfaces.
  • the invention has been described on the basis of a rectangular mat shaped by bending around the cladding to be repaired of a line, but the embodiment remains within the scope of the invention if the basic shape consists of a developable surface, such as a prism or cone portion, provided that the casing of such a shape is associated with a gel type elastomer compound, having a malleability enabling the bending and penetration of said elastomer compound partially or completely inside defects, such as cracks 4 a, deficiencies 4 b, or subsidences 4 c.
  • skew portions are advantageously combined with skew portions to partially cover the singular portions, such as spherical plug valves, automatic connectors, or well head members, said skew shapes being obtained by embossing, or by thermoforming in the case of thermoplastics such as polyethylene or polypropylene.
  • the elastomer compound mat is in this case, during the duplicate moulding, confined in a countermould corresponding to said skew surface, so as to create a substantially constant thickness of said mat, optionally with extra thicknesses 16, as described with respect to FIGS. 8 a - 8 b.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
US12/523,170 2007-01-17 2008-01-17 Device for Restoring or for Installing the Thermally Insulating External Jacket of Pipes, Tubes, Hoses, Connection Elements and Other Jacketed Elements Abandoned US20100143042A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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FR0700304 2007-01-17
FR0700304A FR2911382B1 (fr) 2007-01-17 2007-01-17 Dispositif de realisation ou de restauration du gainage externe isolant thermiquement de conduites, tubes, tuyaux, elements de raccordement et autres elements gaines
PCT/FR2008/000053 WO2008107542A2 (fr) 2007-01-17 2008-01-17 Dispositif de restauration ou d'installation du gainage externe isolant thermiquement de conduites, tubes, tuyaux, elements de raccordement et autres elements gaines

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US (1) US20100143042A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2104697A2 (fr)
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US20120261133A1 (en) * 2011-04-14 2012-10-18 Vetco Gray Inc. Broken pipe blocker
WO2017212340A1 (fr) * 2016-06-10 2017-12-14 Acergy France SAS Régulation de flottabilité d'une masse de sphères flottantes

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US8623253B2 (en) * 2010-02-26 2014-01-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Low-melt poly(amic acids) and polyimides and their uses
CN107300088A (zh) * 2017-08-17 2017-10-27 株洲新奥燃气有限公司 一种燃气管道带压焊接补块组件及其补漏方法
FR3105817B1 (fr) 2019-12-27 2022-01-07 Technip France Couverture d’isolation d’un élément immergé d’une installation d’exploitation de fluide dans une étendue d’eau, installation et procédé associé
CN114110297B (zh) * 2021-11-30 2024-09-10 南京苏夏设计集团股份有限公司 一种塑套钢蒸汽直埋预制管道及施工补口方法
FR3137997B1 (fr) * 2022-07-13 2024-07-26 Claude Scuoch Procédé et dispositif de réparation de gaine de câble de précontrainte

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US20120261133A1 (en) * 2011-04-14 2012-10-18 Vetco Gray Inc. Broken pipe blocker
US8528646B2 (en) * 2011-04-14 2013-09-10 Vetco Gray Inc. Broken pipe blocker
WO2017212340A1 (fr) * 2016-06-10 2017-12-14 Acergy France SAS Régulation de flottabilité d'une masse de sphères flottantes
US10935163B2 (en) 2016-06-10 2021-03-02 Acergy France SAS Controlling the buoyancy of a mass of buoyant spheres

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EP2104697A2 (fr) 2009-09-30
WO2008107542A2 (fr) 2008-09-12
FR2911382A1 (fr) 2008-07-18
FR2911382B1 (fr) 2011-04-29
WO2008107542A3 (fr) 2008-12-18

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