US20100141533A1 - Antenna structure - Google Patents
Antenna structure Download PDFInfo
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- US20100141533A1 US20100141533A1 US12/237,524 US23752408A US2010141533A1 US 20100141533 A1 US20100141533 A1 US 20100141533A1 US 23752408 A US23752408 A US 23752408A US 2010141533 A1 US2010141533 A1 US 2010141533A1
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- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910019586 CoZrTa Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910005435 FeTaN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910017083 AlN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical compound [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005350 ferromagnetic resonance Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002546 FeCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- UMVBXBACMIOFDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[Si] Chemical compound [N].[Si] UMVBXBACMIOFDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DUFGEJIQSSMEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[Si]=O Chemical compound [N].[Si]=O DUFGEJIQSSMEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
Definitions
- antennas for mobile devices are fabricated by patterning copper traces on a substrate or stamped metal. These substrates are large and costly to fabricate.
- Another problem with regard to the size of the antenna may be for example, antennas for an Ultra High Frequency (UHF) spectrum (e.g., 470 MHz to 860 MHz) which are longer in size (e.g., a dipole antenna for 680 MHz is 20 cm in length by 1.5 cm wide) and that may be used for small size mobile devices such as, for example, laptop computers, handheld devices and the like.
- UHF Ultra High Frequency
- Magnetic meta-materials have been explored for use as antenna substrates, but they are complex and expensive to manufacture.
- a study that used ferrite to increase the bandwidth of the antenna had as a side effect, a 7.5% reduction in the resonant frequency as compared to an air-core antenna.
- FIG. 1 is an illustration of a portion of communication system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is an illustration of a dipole antenna according to some exemplary embodiments of the invention.
- FIG. 3 is an illustration of an antenna structure according to exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 4 is an illustration of a cross section of antenna structure of FIG. 3 according to some exemplary embodiments of the invention.
- FIG. 5 is a graphic presentation of permeability versus frequency measurements on a magnetic film according to embodiments of the invention.
- FIG. 6 is a graphic presentation of a return loss versus frequency measurements on a dipole antenna according to embodiments of the invention.
- FIG. 7 is a graphic presentation of measurements on different dipole antennas with different lengths according to embodiments of the invention.
- antenna substrates with increased permeability that may lead to antenna miniaturization, enhanced bandwidth, and improved radiation and polarization characteristics are presented.
- the antenna structures may use a magnetic material that includes depositing magnetic material such as, for example amorphous CoZrTa.
- the amorphous CoZrTa may be applied for example, to a backside of a textured antenna substrate of a dipole antenna which may miniaturize the dipole antenna and/or improve the dipole antenna bandwidth.
- wireless communication system 100 may include wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN) according to IEEE standard 802.16 family, a wireless local area network (WLAN) according to IEEE standard 802.11 family, a cellular system, a wireless telephone system, a two way radio system and the like.
- WMAN wireless metropolitan area network
- WLAN wireless local area network
- cellular system a wireless telephone system
- wireless telephone system a two way radio system and the like.
- wireless communication system may include a base station 110 and mobile stations 120 and 130 .
- Base station 110 may include an at least one antenna 115
- mobile station 120 may include an at least one antenna 125
- mobile station 130 may include an at least one antenna 135 , although it should be understood that this example wireless communication system is not limited in this respect.
- mobile stations 120 and 130 may include a mobile handheld device, a laptop computer, a netbook computer, a mobile telephone device, a mobile game console and the like.
- antennas 115 , 125 and 135 may include a dipole antenna with a magnetic film coated on a textured backside of the dipole antenna.
- the magnetic film may include Cobalt (Co), Zirconium (Zr), Tantalum (Ta) alloy, although it should be understood that other magnetic film alloy with other elements which provide similar properties may be used with embodiment of the invention.
- a dipole antenna 200 may include a feeder line 210 , a balun 220 , antenna substrates 230 and a magnetic film alloy 240 .
- Feeder line 210 may have an impedance of 50 ohms and may be a coax cable and/or coaxial connector, if desired.
- An example of balun 220 may be ferrite core and/or coaxial cable and/or a metal and/or ferrite pipe with the coax cable place inside the pipe, if desired.
- Antenna substrates 230 of embodiments of the invention may be textured on their backside, if desired.
- Magnetic film alloy 240 may be coated on the backside of antenna substrates 230 , although it should be understood that embodiment of the invention are in no way limited to this example.
- Dipole antenna 300 may include antenna radiators 310 , an antenna substrate 320 and an electrical connection scheme 350 , although it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to this exemplary embodiment.
- a dipole antenna 400 may include antenna radiators 410 , a textured surface 430 of antenna substrate 420 and a magnetic film alloy 440 .
- a magnetic material layer of magnetic film alloy 440 may include an alloy selected from the group consisting of CoZrTa, CoZr, CoZrNb (wherein, Nb is a chemical symbol of Niobium), CoZrMo (wherein, Mo is a chemical symbol of Molybdenum), FeCo AlN (wherein, Fe is a chemical symbol of Ferrum and AlN is a chemical symbol of Aluminium nitride), NiFe (wherein, Ni is a chemical symbol of Nickel), CoP (wherein, P is a chemical symbol of Phosphorus), CoPW (wherein, W is a chemical symbol of Tungsten), CoPBW (wherein, B is a chemical symbol of Boron), CoPRe (wherein, Re is a chemical symbol of Rhenium), CoPFeRe, CoFeHfO (wherein, Hf is a chemical symbol of Hafnium and O is a chemical symbol of Oxygen), FeCoP, FeTaN (wherein, N is a chemical symbol of Ni
- the magnetic material of magnetic film alloy 440 may be alternate between a magnetic material from the list above and a dielectric such as, for example Silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), Silicon Nitrogen (SiN), Aluminum Oxide (AlO), Silicon Oxide Nitrogen (SiON), cobalt oxide, polyimide and/or other dielectrics, although the scope of the present invention is not limited in this respect.
- a dielectric such as, for example Silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), Silicon Nitrogen (SiN), Aluminum Oxide (AlO), Silicon Oxide Nitrogen (SiON), cobalt oxide, polyimide and/or other dielectrics, although the scope of the present invention is not limited in this respect.
- magnetic film 440 is coated on the textured backside of antenna substrate 420 .
- This texturing may create isotropic magnetic properties and may change the effective permeability of magnetic film 440 .
- the resulting size of the exemplary dipole antenna 400 may be less than half the length of the air-core antenna, although the scope of the present invention is not limited in this respect.
- magnetic film alloy 440 may be used on textured antenna substrates of a folded dipole antenna. It should be understood that magnetic film alloy 440 may be used with many different antenna structures in order to reduce the size of the antennas. Furthermore, the properties of the magnetic film alloy 440 are designed to reduce an average size of antenna for use in a predetermined frequency band by at least 10% of the average size of the antenna for the predetermined frequency band.
- the material and the structure of magnetic film alloy 440 by optimizing properties for the magnetic material to minimize losses from eddy currents and from the skin depth effect in combination with an optimal surface texture and thickness for the antenna substrate.
- the CoZrTa alloy with the receptivity of 100 micro-ohm cm, the eddy currents at 600 Mhz may be controller by keeping the thickness at less then 1 micrometer and the surface texture may be more than 1 micrometer.
- the magnetic film thickness may be less than the surface roughness (rms or root-mean-square roughness). For example, for a 0.5 um thick CoZrTa film, the surface roughness would be greater than 0.5 um thick, if desired.
- magnetic materials may be used to reduce the size of the antenna.
- amorphous CoZrTa alloy that balances the magnetic properties with the antenna structure may be used.
- FIG. 5 a graphic presentation of measurements of the permeability versus frequency and the loss tan ⁇ ⁇ of a CoZrTa magnetic film alloy according to embodiments of the invention is shown.
- the measurements show the effects of the magnetic film properties on the performance of the magnetic film antenna. According to the measurements, it may be observed that as the thickness of the magnetic material increases, the loss tan ⁇ ⁇ increases because of increasing eddy currents and skin depth effects.
- Texturing of the antenna substrate is designed to alter the magnetic properties.
- texturing of the antenna substrate may be 1 to 2 micrometer.
- High quality amorphous soft magnetic films may be deposited by physical vapor deposition with low cost and at room temperature, which leads to easy integration into an antenna fabrication process, although the scope of the present invention is not limited in this respect.
- the CoZrTa alloy may obtain a good combination of high permeability, high saturation magnetization, low magnetostriction and high resistivity.
- the CoZrTa alloy may obtain a combination permeability, ⁇ r , greater then 25, saturation magnetization greater than 0.5 Tesla, less then 1 parts per million (ppm) magnetostriction and greater 25 micro-ohm cm resistivity, if desired.
- Cobalt (Co) may be prepared by incorporating Zr to create an amorphous film and Ta to minimize magnetostriction, to 0.2 ppm, if desired.
- FMR ferromagnetic resonance
- FIG. 6 a graphic presentation of return loss versus frequency measurements on a dipole antenna 200 according to embodiments of the invention is shown.
- the resonant frequency of the dipole antenna may be shifted by greater than 50% using CoZrTa magnetic films.
- the size of antennas for the UHF band (470 MHz to 860 MHz) may be reduced for example, from 200 millimeters in length to 100 millimeter in length.
- FIG. 7 a graphic presentation of measurements on different dipole antennas with different lengths according to embodiments of the invention is shown. For example, measured return loss of an antenna with different antenna lengths using amorphous CoZrTa material on the textured backside of the antenna substrates. Results shown in FIG. 7 demonstrate that a change in the resonant frequency may be obtained with different antenna lengths that use magnetic material and that a similar resonant frequency may be obtained with an antenna with less than half the size. Further improvements may be made by more closely matching the input impedance to the impedance of air by optimizing the thickness, relative permeability ⁇ r and dielectric constant ⁇ r and the substrate texture. The dielectric constant ⁇ r may be increased by adding alternating layers of magnetic and dielectric material so as to make the ratio of ⁇ r / ⁇ r closer to unity and may reduce eddy currents.
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Abstract
Description
- In modern wireless communications, there is a growing need for small-size, low-cost antennas for a wide range of portable and handheld devices. Currently, most antennas for mobile devices are fabricated by patterning copper traces on a substrate or stamped metal. These substrates are large and costly to fabricate. Another problem with regard to the size of the antenna may be for example, antennas for an Ultra High Frequency (UHF) spectrum (e.g., 470 MHz to 860 MHz) which are longer in size (e.g., a dipole antenna for 680 MHz is 20 cm in length by 1.5 cm wide) and that may be used for small size mobile devices such as, for example, laptop computers, handheld devices and the like.
- Magnetic meta-materials have been explored for use as antenna substrates, but they are complex and expensive to manufacture. A study that used ferrite to increase the bandwidth of the antenna had as a side effect, a 7.5% reduction in the resonant frequency as compared to an air-core antenna. Another study obtained a mere 1.2% reduction in the resonant frequency. It is compelling to have small antennas in a space limited mobile device
- The subject matter regarded as the invention is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the concluding portion of the specification. The invention, however, both as to organization and method of operation, together with objects, features and advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following detailed description when read with the accompanied drawings in which:
-
FIG. 1 is an illustration of a portion of communication system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 2 is an illustration of a dipole antenna according to some exemplary embodiments of the invention; -
FIG. 3 is an illustration of an antenna structure according to exemplary embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 4 is an illustration of a cross section of antenna structure ofFIG. 3 according to some exemplary embodiments of the invention; -
FIG. 5 is a graphic presentation of permeability versus frequency measurements on a magnetic film according to embodiments of the invention; -
FIG. 6 is a graphic presentation of a return loss versus frequency measurements on a dipole antenna according to embodiments of the invention; and -
FIG. 7 is a graphic presentation of measurements on different dipole antennas with different lengths according to embodiments of the invention. - It will be appreciated that for simplicity and clarity of illustration, elements shown in the figures have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements may be exaggerated relative to other elements for clarity. Further, where considered appropriate, reference numerals may be repeated among the figures to indicate corresponding or analogous elements.
- In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components and circuits have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the present invention.
- According to embodiments of the invention antenna substrates with increased permeability that may lead to antenna miniaturization, enhanced bandwidth, and improved radiation and polarization characteristics are presented. For example, the antenna structures may use a magnetic material that includes depositing magnetic material such as, for example amorphous CoZrTa. The amorphous CoZrTa may be applied for example, to a backside of a textured antenna substrate of a dipole antenna which may miniaturize the dipole antenna and/or improve the dipole antenna bandwidth.
- Turning to
FIG. 1 , awireless communication system 100, in accordance with exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown. Although the scope of the present invention is not limited in this respect,wireless communication system 100 may include wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN) according to IEEE standard 802.16 family, a wireless local area network (WLAN) according to IEEE standard 802.11 family, a cellular system, a wireless telephone system, a two way radio system and the like. - According to some exemplary embodiments of the invention, wireless communication system may include a base station 110 and
mobile stations antenna 115,mobile station 120 may include an at least oneantenna 125 andmobile station 130 may include an at least oneantenna 135, although it should be understood that this example wireless communication system is not limited in this respect. - According to this exemplary embodiment,
mobile stations - Although the scope of the present invention is not limited in this respect, at least one of
antennas - Turning to
FIG.2 an illustration of a dipole antenna structure according to some exemplary embodiments of the invention is shown. According to this exemplary embodiment adipole antenna 200 may include afeeder line 210, abalun 220,antenna substrates 230 and amagnetic film alloy 240.Feeder line 210 may have an impedance of 50 ohms and may be a coax cable and/or coaxial connector, if desired. An example ofbalun 220 may be ferrite core and/or coaxial cable and/or a metal and/or ferrite pipe with the coax cable place inside the pipe, if desired.Antenna substrates 230 of embodiments of the invention may be textured on their backside, if desired.Magnetic film alloy 240 may be coated on the backside ofantenna substrates 230, although it should be understood that embodiment of the invention are in no way limited to this example. - Turning to
FIG. 3 an illustration of an antenna structure according to exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown. According to this exemplary embodiment a structure of adipole antenna 300 is shown.Dipole antenna 300 may includeantenna radiators 310, anantenna substrate 320 and anelectrical connection scheme 350, although it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to this exemplary embodiment. - Turning to
FIG. 4 , an illustration of a cross section of an antenna structure according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown. According to this exemplary embodiment, adipole antenna 400 may includeantenna radiators 410, atextured surface 430 ofantenna substrate 420 and amagnetic film alloy 440. For example, a magnetic material layer ofmagnetic film alloy 440 may include an alloy selected from the group consisting of CoZrTa, CoZr, CoZrNb (wherein, Nb is a chemical symbol of Niobium), CoZrMo (wherein, Mo is a chemical symbol of Molybdenum), FeCo AlN (wherein, Fe is a chemical symbol of Ferrum and AlN is a chemical symbol of Aluminium nitride), NiFe (wherein, Ni is a chemical symbol of Nickel), CoP (wherein, P is a chemical symbol of Phosphorus), CoPW (wherein, W is a chemical symbol of Tungsten), CoPBW (wherein, B is a chemical symbol of Boron), CoPRe (wherein, Re is a chemical symbol of Rhenium), CoPFeRe, CoFeHfO (wherein, Hf is a chemical symbol of Hafnium and O is a chemical symbol of Oxygen), FeCoP, FeTaN (wherein, N is a chemical symbol of Nitrogen), FeCoBSi (wherein, Si is a chemical symbol of Silicon), and any combination thereof may be used. Furthermore, in some other embodiments of the invention the magnetic material ofmagnetic film alloy 440 may be alternate between a magnetic material from the list above and a dielectric such as, for example Silicon dioxide (SiO2), Silicon Nitrogen (SiN), Aluminum Oxide (AlO), Silicon Oxide Nitrogen (SiON), cobalt oxide, polyimide and/or other dielectrics, although the scope of the present invention is not limited in this respect. - According to exemplary embodiments of the invention,
magnetic film 440 is coated on the textured backside ofantenna substrate 420. This texturing may create isotropic magnetic properties and may change the effective permeability ofmagnetic film 440. The resulting size of theexemplary dipole antenna 400 may be less than half the length of the air-core antenna, although the scope of the present invention is not limited in this respect. - In another embodiment of the invention,
magnetic film alloy 440 may be used on textured antenna substrates of a folded dipole antenna. It should be understood thatmagnetic film alloy 440 may be used with many different antenna structures in order to reduce the size of the antennas. Furthermore, the properties of themagnetic film alloy 440 are designed to reduce an average size of antenna for use in a predetermined frequency band by at least 10% of the average size of the antenna for the predetermined frequency band. - According to an embodiment of the invention, in order to reduce the size of antennas, there is a need to design the material and the structure of
magnetic film alloy 440 by optimizing properties for the magnetic material to minimize losses from eddy currents and from the skin depth effect in combination with an optimal surface texture and thickness for the antenna substrate. The CoZrTa alloy with the receptivity of 100 micro-ohm cm, the eddy currents at 600 Mhz may be controller by keeping the thickness at less then 1 micrometer and the surface texture may be more than 1 micrometer. In this embodiment, the magnetic film thickness may be less than the surface roughness (rms or root-mean-square roughness). For example, for a 0.5 um thick CoZrTa film, the surface roughness would be greater than 0.5 um thick, if desired. - Alternatively, incorporating a multilayered film consisting of dielectric and magnetic materials that may match the impedance between the substrate and the magnetic material so as to reduce reflections and improve efficiency. According to embodiments of the invention, magnetic materials may be used to reduce the size of the antenna. For example, amorphous CoZrTa alloy that balances the magnetic properties with the antenna structure may be used.
- Turning to
FIG. 5 , a graphic presentation of measurements of the permeability versus frequency and the loss tan δμ of a CoZrTa magnetic film alloy according to embodiments of the invention is shown. The measurements show the effects of the magnetic film properties on the performance of the magnetic film antenna. According to the measurements, it may be observed that as the thickness of the magnetic material increases, the loss tan δμ increases because of increasing eddy currents and skin depth effects. - Texturing of the antenna substrate is designed to alter the magnetic properties. For example, texturing of the antenna substrate may be 1 to 2 micrometer. High quality amorphous soft magnetic films may be deposited by physical vapor deposition with low cost and at room temperature, which leads to easy integration into an antenna fabrication process, although the scope of the present invention is not limited in this respect.
- According to embodiments of the invention, the CoZrTa alloy may obtain a good combination of high permeability, high saturation magnetization, low magnetostriction and high resistivity. For example, the CoZrTa alloy may obtain a combination permeability, μr, greater then 25, saturation magnetization greater than 0.5 Tesla, less then 1 parts per million (ppm) magnetostriction and greater 25 micro-ohm cm resistivity, if desired. For example, Cobalt (Co) may be prepared by incorporating Zr to create an amorphous film and Ta to minimize magnetostriction, to 0.2 ppm, if desired. This may leads to excellent magnetic softness with coercivity less than 0.02 Oe, high 4πMs wherein Ms depicted a saturation magnetization, a high ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) frequency of 1.4 GHz, and a low magnetostriction coefficient of less than 0.2 ppm (significantly better than the coefficient of 60 ppm for pure cobalt).
- Turning to
FIG. 6 a graphic presentation of return loss versus frequency measurements on adipole antenna 200 according to embodiments of the invention is shown. According to the measurements, it is shown that the resonant frequency of the dipole antenna may be shifted by greater than 50% using CoZrTa magnetic films. According to these measurements, by using the CoZrTa magnetic films, the size of antennas for the UHF band (470 MHz to 860 MHz) may be reduced for example, from 200 millimeters in length to 100 millimeter in length. - Turning to
FIG. 7 , a graphic presentation of measurements on different dipole antennas with different lengths according to embodiments of the invention is shown. For example, measured return loss of an antenna with different antenna lengths using amorphous CoZrTa material on the textured backside of the antenna substrates. Results shown inFIG. 7 demonstrate that a change in the resonant frequency may be obtained with different antenna lengths that use magnetic material and that a similar resonant frequency may be obtained with an antenna with less than half the size. Further improvements may be made by more closely matching the input impedance to the impedance of air by optimizing the thickness, relative permeability μr and dielectric constant εr and the substrate texture. The dielectric constant εr may be increased by adding alternating layers of magnetic and dielectric material so as to make the ratio of μr/εr closer to unity and may reduce eddy currents. - Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims (26)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US12/237,524 US8089418B2 (en) | 2008-12-04 | 2008-12-04 | Antenna structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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US20150249286A1 (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2015-09-03 | Korea Institute Of Science And Technology | Broadband antenna equipped with ferrite member |
CN105449338A (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2016-03-30 | 芬兰脉冲公司 | Antenna assembly used for mobile device, manufacturing method and wireless mobile device |
US9833802B2 (en) | 2014-06-27 | 2017-12-05 | Pulse Finland Oy | Methods and apparatus for conductive element deposition and formation |
CN112736406A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-30 | 天津大学 | Magnetic drive antenna based on folding magnetic film |
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WO2011021236A1 (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2011-02-24 | 株式会社 東芝 | Antenna device and information terminal device |
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