US20100068069A1 - Turbine Blade - Google Patents
Turbine Blade Download PDFInfo
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- US20100068069A1 US20100068069A1 US12/447,972 US44797207A US2010068069A1 US 20100068069 A1 US20100068069 A1 US 20100068069A1 US 44797207 A US44797207 A US 44797207A US 2010068069 A1 US2010068069 A1 US 2010068069A1
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- heat shield
- shield element
- blade
- turbine
- turbine blade
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/14—Form or construction
- F01D5/18—Hollow blades, i.e. blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities; Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades
- F01D5/186—Film cooling
Definitions
- the invention refers to a turbine blade according to the claims.
- Turbomachines especially gas turbines, are used in many areas for driving generators or driven machines.
- a gas turbine customarily has a rotatably mounted rotor which is enclosed by a fixed casing.
- the fixed sub-assemblies of a gas turbine are also collectively referred to as a stator.
- the energy content of a fuel in this case is used for producing a rotational movement of the rotor components.
- the fuel is combusted in a combustion chamber, wherein compressed air is supplied by an air compressor.
- the operating medium which is produced in the combustion chamber as a result of the combustion of the fuel, being under high pressure and at high temperature, is guided in the process through a turbine unit which is connected downstream to the combustion chamber, where it is expanded, performing work.
- a number of rotor blades which are customarily assembled in blade groups or blade rows, are arranged on these rotor components and drive the rotor components by means of impulse transmission of the flow medium.
- stator blade rows which are connected to the turbine casing, are moreover customarily arranged between adjacent rotor blade rows.
- the turbine blades, especially the stator blades in this case customarily have a blade airfoil, which is extended along a blade axis, for suitable guiding of the operating medium and upon which a platform, which extends transversely to the blade axis, can be formed on the end face for fastening the turbine blade on the respective carrier body.
- the components and component parts of the gas turbine which are exposed to these high temperatures of the operating medium are therefore subjected to a high thermal stress.
- the affected components especially the rotor blades and/or stator blades of the turbine unit, are cooled.
- the turbine blades in this case are customarily provided with cooling passages, wherein an effective and reliable cooling of the leading edge of the respective turbine blade, which is thermally stressed to a particularly high degree, is especially to be ensured.
- cooling air is customarily used in this case.
- This cooling air can be fed to the respective turbine blade via a number of cooling medium passages which are integrated into the blade airfoil or the blade profile. From these cooling medium passages the cooling air flows into discharge passages, which branch off from these, of the respectively provided regions of the turbine blades, as a result of which a convective cooling of the blade interior and of the blade wall is achieved.
- these passages are left open so that after flowing through the turbine blade the cooling air flows from discharge openings, which are also referred to as film cooling holes, and form a cooling film on the surface of the blade airfoil.
- this cooling air film By means of this cooling air film, the blade basic body is largely protected on the surface against a direct and intensive contact with the hot operating medium which flows past at high velocity.
- the discharge openings in this region are customarily arranged uniformly along at least two rows which are oriented parallel to the leading edge.
- the discharge passages, moreover, as a rule are oriented at an angle to the longitudinal direction of the turbine blade, which assists the forming of the protective cooling air film which flows along the surface.
- the leading edge of the turbine blade can moreover be provided with a heat shielding coating.
- This heat shielding coating expediently consists of a material which is more resistant to temperature than that of the blade basic body.
- the heat shielding coating is characterized by a low coefficient of thermal conductivity, as a result of which the temperature stress of the base material of the blade body is reduced. Therefore, the service life of the turbine blade is increased as a result of such a heat shielding coating in conjunction with cooling of the leading edge region of the blade.
- This heat shield has the disadvantage that after a certain time cracks occur in the heat shielding coating. These cracks reduce the protection of the blade basic body against the hot exhaust gas of the gas turbine so that as a consequence of the increased thermal stress crack development can also occur in the basic body of the turbine blade. Such cracks in the blade basic body endanger the operational safety and can lead to the breakdown of the gas turbine.
- a modular turbine blade of the type referred to in the introduction is known from GB 841 117.
- the turbine blade comprises a cast basic body with a blade airfoil upon which a plurality of cooling air blow-out slots are provided on the leading edge side, which are covered at a distance by a guard plate which is fastened on the blade profile on the side.
- the cooling air which issues from the slots cools the guarded leading edge in the manner of an impingement cooling, and subsequent to the impingement cooling is deflected by the plate in such a way that it can leave the modular turbine blade in the region of the pressure-side surface and suction-side surface.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of disclosing a turbine blade of the aforementioned type which with simple means ensures an especially high operational safety of the gas turbine, even when used in high flow temperatures.
- the invention in this case is based on the consideration that particularly with regard to the operational safety and the economical efficiency of a gas turbine the turbine blades should have a service life which is as long as possible as a result of a suitably selected heat shield. At the same time, the fact that particularly the leading edge of the turbine blade is thermally severely stressed should especially be taken into consideration. This leading edge should therefore especially be protected.
- the heat shield element being attached at a distance on the blade basic body in the leading edge region, as a result of which a direct contact of the heat shield element with the blade basic body is avoided.
- its outside surface in the leading edge region is provided with a number of secondary cooling passages, wherein these extend from the main cooling passage to the outside surface of the blade basic body.
- These secondary cooling passages are arranged in a uniformly distributed manner behind the heat shield element for effective cooling in the leading edge region of the blade basic body. Therefore, stresses, and cracks which result from them, can be avoided.
- this has a number of discharge passages which extend from its outside surface in the direction of the blade basic body.
- This passage which is formed for guiding a cooling flow, additionally also serves as a connecting element between the heat shield element and the blade basic body.
- the discharge passage in this case projects with one end into a main cooling passage which is formed inside the blade, wherein the medium which flows in the main cooling passage can flow for cooling the heat shield element on its outside surface.
- the especially critical region that is to say the leading edge region of the turbine blade
- the especially effective region is especially effectively protected against the high temperatures of the operating medium of the turbine.
- the cooling is carried out in such a way by a cooling flow from the main cooling passage being directed in part through the discharge passages of the heat shield element onto its outside surface, and in part by a cooling flow from the main cooling passage flowing via the secondary cooling passages of the blade basic body through the gap which is formed by the heat shield element and the blade basic body.
- the heat transfer between the heat shield element and the blade basic body is significantly reduced, moreover, by means of the cooling medium which flows between the inside surface of the heat shield element and the outside surface of the blade basic body by the heat in the leading edge region being carried away by means of the internal cooling flow.
- the heat shield element especially preferably has a shape which is adapted to the profile of the blade basic body in the leading edge region. Consequently, the effect is achieved of the turbine blade also having a flow-optimized shape in the leading edge region after attaching the heat shield element. Moreover, the shape of the heat shield element which corresponds to the blade basic body leads to a uniform extent of the gap in the leading edge region. Consequently, the cooling medium flows with predominantly constant velocity along the outside surface of the blade basic body and along the inside surface of the heat shield element, as a result of which the cooling in the leading edge region of the turbine blade is carried out especially uniformly. Therefore, no excessively high stresses, which could lead to crack developments, occur, particularly in the blade basic body.
- the heat shield element is produced from a material which is more resistant to temperature in comparison to the blade basic body. Since the heat shield element is directly exposed to inflow of hot operating medium during operation of the turbine, this component is particularly exposed to a high temperature stress. Therefore, the heat shield element should be produced from an especially temperature-resistant material in order to particularly ensure the operational safety and to minimize the downtimes of the turbine.
- the heat shield element In addition to the use of temperature-resistant materials, for increasing the resistance of the heat shield element this should be cooled. If in this case the heat shield element is designed for impingement cooling for an especially effective cooling, this is achieved by the distance of the heat shield element from the blade basic body being sufficiently minimized.
- the heat shield element is preferably arranged at a distance of 1 mm to 3 mm from the blade basic body.
- a heat shield element which is attached up to this distance in the leading edge region of the turbine blade particularly ensures a sufficiently high impingement velocity of the cooling medium upon the inside surface of the heat shield element, as a result of which an especially effective cooling by means of impingement cooling is achieved. Since the static pressure in the main cooling passage of the blade basic body is predetermined, the impingement velocity of the cooling flow, in addition, for example, to the diameter of the secondary cooling passages, is determined in particular by the distance of the heat shield element from the blade basic body. A sufficiently high velocity of the cooling medium directly before impinging on the inside surface of the heat shield element is necessary since an intimate contact between the cooling medium and the inside surface of the heat shield element takes place in this way. By means of such impingement cooling a significantly more effective carrying away of heat is possible than is possible, for example, in the case of a film cooling.
- the secondary cooling passages are arranged in a manner in which they are oriented essentially perpendicularly to the inside surface of the heat shield element. Therefore, the cooling flow from the main cooling passage impinges perpendicularly upon the inside surface of the heat shield element, as a result of which a large part of the kinetic energy of the cooling medium is used for an especially intimate contact between the particles in the cooling flow and the inside surface of the heat shield element. As a result, the heat of the heat shield element in an especially effective manner is transmitted to the internal cooling flow and carried away.
- the heat shield element is connected to the blade basic body in the edge regions of the turbine blade.
- the blade basic body preferably in its leading edge region, is provided with a recess.
- the described heat shield element can advantageously be used at the places of the turbomachine where component parts and sub-assemblies of the thermal turbomachine are impinged upon with the hot operating medium.
- the use of the heat shield element is especially preferable for the protection of the leading edge region of the turbine blade since the temperature stress of the blade basic body is especially high in this region.
- the downtimes of the gas turbine are minimized by means of such a heat shield element since the service life is increased because of the heat shield element.
- the advantages which are achieved with the invention are especially that by means of the heat shield element which is connected upstream to the blade basic body of the turbine blade an efficient protection of the leading edge region of the turbine blade against the high temperatures of the operating medium of the turbines is provided.
- a heat shield system enables the use of impingement cooling, as a result of which the heat shield element can be cooled in an especially effective manner.
- the possible occurrence of cracks, which extend from the outside surface of the heat shield element and spread into the blade basic body is prevented.
- the heat shield elements according to the invention can subsequently be attached on the turbine blades in a simple manner and with relatively little cost.
- FIG. 1 shows a half-section through a gas turbine
- FIG. 2 shows a turbine blade, which is provided with a heat shield, in longitudinal section,
- FIG. 3 shows a heat shield element which is sectioned in the longitudinal direction
- FIG. 4 shows a heat shield element in cross section
- FIG. 5 shows a cross section through a turbine blade which is provided with a heat shield element
- FIG. 6 shows in alternative embodiment a turbine blade with a heat shield element which is integrated into the leading edge region of the blade basic body.
- the gas turbine 1 has a compressor 2 for combustion air, a combustion chamber 4 , and also a turbine unit 6 for driving the compressor 2 and for driving a generator, which is not shown, or a driven machine.
- the turbine unit 6 and the compressor 2 are arranged on a common turbine shaft 8 , which is also referred to as a turbine rotor, to which the generator or the driven machine is also connected, and which is rotatably mounted around its center axis 9 .
- the combustion chamber 4 which is designed in the style of an annular combustion chamber, is equipped with a number of burners 10 for combustion of a liquid or gaseous fuel.
- the turbine unit 6 has a number of rotatable rotor blades 12 which are connected to the turbine shaft 8 .
- the rotor blades 12 are arranged on the turbine shaft 8 in the manner of a ring and so form a number of rotor blade rows.
- the turbine unit 6 comprises a number of fixed stator blades 14 which are fastened also in the manner of a ring on an inner casing 16 of the turbine unit 6 , forming stator blade rows.
- the rotor blades 12 in this case serve for driving the turbine shaft 8 by means of impulse transmission by the operating medium M which flows through the turbine unit 6 .
- the stator blades 14 serve for flow-guiding of the operating medium M between two rotor blade rows or rotor blade rings which follow each other in each case as seen in the flow direction of the operating medium M.
- a pair consisting of a ring of stator blades 14 or a stator blade row, and a ring of rotor blades 12 or a rotor blade row, which follow each other, in this case is also referred to as a turbine stage.
- Each stator blade 14 has a platform 18 which is arranged as a wall element for fixing the respective stator blade on the inner casing 16 of the turbine unit 6 .
- the platform 18 as also the turbine blade 12 , 14 , in this case is a comparatively thermally severely stressed component part.
- Each rotor blade 12 is fastened in a similar manner on the turbine shaft 8 via a platform 19 which is also referred to as a blade root.
- each guide ring 21 is arranged in each case on the inner casing 16 of the turbine unit 6 .
- the outer surface of each guide ring 21 in this case is also exposed to the hot operating medium M which flows through the turbine unit 6 , and in the radial direction is at a distance from the outer end of the rotor blades 12 , which lie opposite it, by means of a gap.
- the guide rings 21 which are arranged between adjacent stator blade rows in this case serve especially as shroud elements which protect the inner casing 16 , or other installed parts on the casing, against overstressing as a result of the operating medium M which flows through the turbine 6 .
- the combustion chamber 4 in the exemplary embodiment is designed as a so-called annular combustion chamber, in which a multiplicity of burners 10 , which are arranged around the turbine shaft 8 in the circumferential direction, open into a common combustion space.
- the combustion chamber 4 is designed in its entirety as an annular structure which is positioned around the turbine shaft 8 .
- the combustion chamber 4 is designed for a comparatively high temperature of the operating medium M of about 1000° C. to 1600° C.
- the rotor blades 12 as shown in FIG. 2 , have a heat shield element 22 which is attached in the leading edge region.
- Each of the heat shield elements 22 which are attached to the rotor blades 12 is equipped on the operating medium side with an especially heat-resistant protective coating, such as ceramic, or is produced from a high temperature-resistant material.
- the turbine blade 12 , 14 is provided with a number of secondary cooling passages 24 in the leading edge region.
- the discharge passages 28 which are also attached in the leading edge region of the turbine blade 12 , 14 and which project into a main cooling passage 26 , serve as fastening elements for the heat shield element 22 in addition to the guiding of the cooling medium K.
- the cooling air K which is preferably used as cooling medium K, flows via the secondary cooling passages 24 into the gap which is formed between the outside surface 32 of the blade basic body 30 and the inside surface 34 of the heat shield element 22 , and also through the discharge passages 28 of the heat shield element 22 , wherein the cooling air K which flows from the discharge passages 28 forms a protective film between the operating medium M and the outside surface 36 of the heat shield element 22 .
- the cooling air K which escapes from the secondary cooling passages 24 of the blade basic body 30 flows against the inside surface 34 of the heat shield element 22 and cools this by means of the impingement cooling effect which occurs as a result.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show the heat shield element 22 in two different sectional views in each case, wherein it becomes apparent from the longitudinal section of the heat shield element 22 which is shown in FIG. 3 that the discharge passages 28 , as seen in the longitudinal direction of the heat shield element 22 , are arranged one behind the other, and wherein each discharge passage 28 extends from the outside surface 36 of the heat shield element 22 towards its inside surface 34 .
- the discharge passages 28 in this case, as shown in FIG. 4 can be concentrically arranged perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the heat shield element 22 .
- the heat shield element 22 has a shape which is adapted to the profile of the blade basic body 30 in the leading edge region. Consequently, the effect is achieved inter alia of the turbine blade 12 , 14 also having a flow-optimized shape after attaching the heat shield element 22 on the blade basic body 30 . Moreover, a heat shield element 22 which is curved in such a way results in a constant distance between the inside surface 34 of the heat shield element 22 and the outside surface 32 of the blade basic body 30 , as a result of which an especially effective cooling in this region is made possible.
- the cooling air K which is required for the cooling in this case flows from the main cooling passage 26 of the turbine blade 12 , 14 , through the secondary cooling passages 24 , and through the discharge passages 28 , as a result of which a cooling film is formed on the outside surface 36 of the heat shield element 22 on account of the cooling air K which flows from the discharge passage 28 and on account of the operating medium M which flows in the turbine unit 6 .
- the cooling of the inside surface 34 of the heat shield element 22 and of the outside surface 32 of the blade basic body 30 in the leading edge region of the turbine blade 12 , 14 is carried out by the discharging of the cooling air K from the secondary cooling passages 24 , wherein the inside surface 34 of the heat shield element 22 is cooled in an especially effective manner as a result of the impingement cooling effect which occurs in the process.
- the secondary cooling passages 24 are preferably arranged in such a way that the cooling air K which flows from the secondary cooling passages 24 impinges perpendicularly to the inside surface 34 of the heat shield element 22 .
- the distance of the heat shield element 22 from the blade basic body 30 in this case is preferably to be selected so that as a result of a sufficiently high flow velocity of the cooling medium K when impinging upon the inside surface 34 of the heat shield element 22 an intimate contact between the cooling air K and the impingement surface is brought about, and in this way the impingement effect is established.
- FIG. 6 An especially expedient design of the turbine blade 12 , 14 with the heat shield element 22 according to the invention is shown in FIG. 6 .
- the heat shield element 22 was integrated into the leading edge region of the blade basic body 30 , as a result of which the original external shape of the turbine blade 12 , 14 is advantageously maintained.
- the aerodynamic design of the turbomachine is therefore not altered, as a result of which reduction of the efficiency of the gas turbine, for example on account of vortex formations on the outer edges when a heat shield element 22 is attached externally on the blade basic body 30 , is prevented.
- the gap between the heat shield element 22 and the blade basic body 30 which is required for creating impingement cooling is consequently achieved in the case of this special embodiment of the turbine blade 12 , 14 by the heat shield element 22 being seated in a recess 38 which is provided in the blade basic body 30 .
- the outside surface of the turbine blade 12 , 14 which reaches into the flow passage of the gas turbine is partially formed by the outside surface of the heat shield element 22 .
- the free ends of the heat shield element 22 according to FIG. 5 are formed flush on the blade walls which are formed by the basic body 30 in the case of the design according to FIG. 6 in order to achieve an offset-free surface of the turbine blade 12 , 14 .
- the part of the blade basic body 30 which lies opposite the heat shield element 22 is set back towards the inside of the blade so that the edge regions of the heat shield element 22 are connected to the blade body.
Abstract
A turbine blade, having a plurality of auxiliary cooling channels which branch off from a main cooling channel, formed within a blade body, is provided. The plurality of auxiliary cooling channels open into outlet openings in the leading edge region of the blade body. A heat shield element is attached to the blade body in the leading edge region at a predefined spacing, wherein the heat shield element has a number of outlet channels which are arranged behind one another in the longitudinal direction and extend from the main cooling channel to the outer wall face of the heat shield element.
Description
- This application is the US National Stage of International Application No. PCT/EP2007/059989, filed Sep. 20, 2007 and claims the benefit thereof. The International Application claims the benefits of European Patent Office application No. 06022622.2 EP filed Oct. 30, 2006, both of the applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
- The invention refers to a turbine blade according to the claims.
- Turbomachines, especially gas turbines, are used in many areas for driving generators or driven machines. A gas turbine customarily has a rotatably mounted rotor which is enclosed by a fixed casing. The fixed sub-assemblies of a gas turbine are also collectively referred to as a stator. The energy content of a fuel in this case is used for producing a rotational movement of the rotor components. For this purpose, the fuel is combusted in a combustion chamber, wherein compressed air is supplied by an air compressor. The operating medium which is produced in the combustion chamber as a result of the combustion of the fuel, being under high pressure and at high temperature, is guided in the process through a turbine unit which is connected downstream to the combustion chamber, where it is expanded, performing work.
- For producing the rotational movement of the rotor components, in this case a number of rotor blades, which are customarily assembled in blade groups or blade rows, are arranged on these rotor components and drive the rotor components by means of impulse transmission of the flow medium. For guiding the flow medium in the turbine unit, stator blade rows, which are connected to the turbine casing, are moreover customarily arranged between adjacent rotor blade rows. The turbine blades, especially the stator blades, in this case customarily have a blade airfoil, which is extended along a blade axis, for suitable guiding of the operating medium and upon which a platform, which extends transversely to the blade axis, can be formed on the end face for fastening the turbine blade on the respective carrier body.
- With the design of such gas turbines, a particularly high efficiency is customarily a design aim in addition to the achievable output. An increase of the efficiency can be achieved in this case for thermodynamic reasons basically by means of an increase of the exhaust temperature at which the operating medium flows from the combustion chamber and into the turbine unit. The temperatures which are achieved during operation of such a gas turbine lie at up to 1300° C.
- The components and component parts of the gas turbine which are exposed to these high temperatures of the operating medium are therefore subjected to a high thermal stress. In order to therefore ensure with high reliability a comparatively long service life of the affected components, the affected components, especially the rotor blades and/or stator blades of the turbine unit, are cooled. The turbine blades in this case are customarily provided with cooling passages, wherein an effective and reliable cooling of the leading edge of the respective turbine blade, which is thermally stressed to a particularly high degree, is especially to be ensured.
- As cooling medium, cooling air is customarily used in this case. This cooling air can be fed to the respective turbine blade via a number of cooling medium passages which are integrated into the blade airfoil or the blade profile. From these cooling medium passages the cooling air flows into discharge passages, which branch off from these, of the respectively provided regions of the turbine blades, as a result of which a convective cooling of the blade interior and of the blade wall is achieved. On the discharge side, these passages are left open so that after flowing through the turbine blade the cooling air flows from discharge openings, which are also referred to as film cooling holes, and form a cooling film on the surface of the blade airfoil. By means of this cooling air film, the blade basic body is largely protected on the surface against a direct and intensive contact with the hot operating medium which flows past at high velocity.
- In order to enable an especially uniform and effective film cooling in the leading edge region of the blade airfoil, the discharge openings in this region are customarily arranged uniformly along at least two rows which are oriented parallel to the leading edge. The discharge passages, moreover, as a rule are oriented at an angle to the longitudinal direction of the turbine blade, which assists the forming of the protective cooling air film which flows along the surface.
- Since the leading edge region of the turbine blade is particularly exposed to a severe thermal stress, the leading edge of the blade can moreover be provided with a heat shielding coating. This heat shielding coating expediently consists of a material which is more resistant to temperature than that of the blade basic body. Moreover, the heat shielding coating is characterized by a low coefficient of thermal conductivity, as a result of which the temperature stress of the base material of the blade body is reduced. Therefore, the service life of the turbine blade is increased as a result of such a heat shielding coating in conjunction with cooling of the leading edge region of the blade.
- This heat shield, however, has the disadvantage that after a certain time cracks occur in the heat shielding coating. These cracks reduce the protection of the blade basic body against the hot exhaust gas of the gas turbine so that as a consequence of the increased thermal stress crack development can also occur in the basic body of the turbine blade. Such cracks in the blade basic body endanger the operational safety and can lead to the breakdown of the gas turbine.
- Moreover, a modular turbine blade of the type referred to in the introduction is known from GB 841 117. The turbine blade comprises a cast basic body with a blade airfoil upon which a plurality of cooling air blow-out slots are provided on the leading edge side, which are covered at a distance by a guard plate which is fastened on the blade profile on the side. The cooling air which issues from the slots cools the guarded leading edge in the manner of an impingement cooling, and subsequent to the impingement cooling is deflected by the plate in such a way that it can leave the modular turbine blade in the region of the pressure-side surface and suction-side surface.
- The invention is therefore based on the object of disclosing a turbine blade of the aforementioned type which with simple means ensures an especially high operational safety of the gas turbine, even when used in high flow temperatures.
- This object is achieved according to the invention by means of a turbine blade according to the features of the claims.
- The invention in this case is based on the consideration that particularly with regard to the operational safety and the economical efficiency of a gas turbine the turbine blades should have a service life which is as long as possible as a result of a suitably selected heat shield. At the same time, the fact that particularly the leading edge of the turbine blade is thermally severely stressed should especially be taken into consideration. This leading edge should therefore especially be protected.
- This is consequently achieved by the heat shield element being attached at a distance on the blade basic body in the leading edge region, as a result of which a direct contact of the heat shield element with the blade basic body is avoided. For cooling the blade basic body, in this case its outside surface in the leading edge region is provided with a number of secondary cooling passages, wherein these extend from the main cooling passage to the outside surface of the blade basic body. These secondary cooling passages are arranged in a uniformly distributed manner behind the heat shield element for effective cooling in the leading edge region of the blade basic body. Therefore, stresses, and cracks which result from them, can be avoided.
- For cooling the heat shield element, this has a number of discharge passages which extend from its outside surface in the direction of the blade basic body. This passage, which is formed for guiding a cooling flow, additionally also serves as a connecting element between the heat shield element and the blade basic body. The discharge passage in this case projects with one end into a main cooling passage which is formed inside the blade, wherein the medium which flows in the main cooling passage can flow for cooling the heat shield element on its outside surface.
- By means of a heat shield system which is formed in such a way the especially critical region, that is to say the leading edge region of the turbine blade, is especially effectively protected against the high temperatures of the operating medium of the turbine. As a result of cooling the heat shield element and the blade basic body it is possible to increase the temperature of the operating medium of the turbine, which flows around the turbine blade, above the temperature which is possible for the material of the turbine blade. The cooling is carried out in such a way by a cooling flow from the main cooling passage being directed in part through the discharge passages of the heat shield element onto its outside surface, and in part by a cooling flow from the main cooling passage flowing via the secondary cooling passages of the blade basic body through the gap which is formed by the heat shield element and the blade basic body. By means of cooling medium which is guided in such a way, a protective film is formed on the outside surface of the heat shield element. This cooling film prevents a direct contact of the hot operating medium of the turbine with the heat shield element, as a result of which the temperature stress of the outside surface which is exposed to inflow is reduced. The increase of the temperature of the heat shield element which therefore occurs does not directly have an effect on the temperature of the blade basic body in the leading edge region, however, since the heat shield element is arranged at a distance from the blade basic body. The heat transfer between the heat shield element and the blade basic body is significantly reduced, moreover, by means of the cooling medium which flows between the inside surface of the heat shield element and the outside surface of the blade basic body by the heat in the leading edge region being carried away by means of the internal cooling flow.
- The heat shield element especially preferably has a shape which is adapted to the profile of the blade basic body in the leading edge region. Consequently, the effect is achieved of the turbine blade also having a flow-optimized shape in the leading edge region after attaching the heat shield element. Moreover, the shape of the heat shield element which corresponds to the blade basic body leads to a uniform extent of the gap in the leading edge region. Consequently, the cooling medium flows with predominantly constant velocity along the outside surface of the blade basic body and along the inside surface of the heat shield element, as a result of which the cooling in the leading edge region of the turbine blade is carried out especially uniformly. Therefore, no excessively high stresses, which could lead to crack developments, occur, particularly in the blade basic body.
- In a further expedient development, the heat shield element is produced from a material which is more resistant to temperature in comparison to the blade basic body. Since the heat shield element is directly exposed to inflow of hot operating medium during operation of the turbine, this component is particularly exposed to a high temperature stress. Therefore, the heat shield element should be produced from an especially temperature-resistant material in order to particularly ensure the operational safety and to minimize the downtimes of the turbine.
- In addition to the use of temperature-resistant materials, for increasing the resistance of the heat shield element this should be cooled. If in this case the heat shield element is designed for impingement cooling for an especially effective cooling, this is achieved by the distance of the heat shield element from the blade basic body being sufficiently minimized.
- For this purpose, the heat shield element is preferably arranged at a distance of 1 mm to 3 mm from the blade basic body.
- A heat shield element which is attached up to this distance in the leading edge region of the turbine blade particularly ensures a sufficiently high impingement velocity of the cooling medium upon the inside surface of the heat shield element, as a result of which an especially effective cooling by means of impingement cooling is achieved. Since the static pressure in the main cooling passage of the blade basic body is predetermined, the impingement velocity of the cooling flow, in addition, for example, to the diameter of the secondary cooling passages, is determined in particular by the distance of the heat shield element from the blade basic body. A sufficiently high velocity of the cooling medium directly before impinging on the inside surface of the heat shield element is necessary since an intimate contact between the cooling medium and the inside surface of the heat shield element takes place in this way. By means of such impingement cooling a significantly more effective carrying away of heat is possible than is possible, for example, in the case of a film cooling.
- In an especially advantageous development, the secondary cooling passages are arranged in a manner in which they are oriented essentially perpendicularly to the inside surface of the heat shield element. Therefore, the cooling flow from the main cooling passage impinges perpendicularly upon the inside surface of the heat shield element, as a result of which a large part of the kinetic energy of the cooling medium is used for an especially intimate contact between the particles in the cooling flow and the inside surface of the heat shield element. As a result, the heat of the heat shield element in an especially effective manner is transmitted to the internal cooling flow and carried away.
- In a further variant, the heat shield element is connected to the blade basic body in the edge regions of the turbine blade. For foaming the especially effective impingement cooling, the blade basic body, preferably in its leading edge region, is provided with a recess. The advantage of this alternative embodiment lies inter alia in the fact that the original flow-optimized shape of the turbine blade is maintained.
- The described heat shield element can advantageously be used at the places of the turbomachine where component parts and sub-assemblies of the thermal turbomachine are impinged upon with the hot operating medium. However, the use of the heat shield element is especially preferable for the protection of the leading edge region of the turbine blade since the temperature stress of the blade basic body is especially high in this region. Inter alia, the downtimes of the gas turbine are minimized by means of such a heat shield element since the service life is increased because of the heat shield element.
- As a result of the extremely high thermal stress of the heat shield element, cracks can occur in the heat shield element, even when using an especially temperature-resistant material, especially after a specified operating period of the turbine. In this case, for example within the scope of the maintenance operations of the gas turbine, the heat shield elements can be removed in a relatively simple manner and replaced by new ones. Therefore, the affected turbine blades do not have to be completely exchanged as previously in the case of crack development in the leading edge region of the turbine blade.
- The advantages which are achieved with the invention are especially that by means of the heat shield element which is connected upstream to the blade basic body of the turbine blade an efficient protection of the leading edge region of the turbine blade against the high temperatures of the operating medium of the turbines is provided. In particular, such a heat shield system enables the use of impingement cooling, as a result of which the heat shield element can be cooled in an especially effective manner. Furthermore, by means of the heat shield element the possible occurrence of cracks, which extend from the outside surface of the heat shield element and spread into the blade basic body, is prevented. Moreover, the heat shield elements according to the invention can subsequently be attached on the turbine blades in a simple manner and with relatively little cost.
- An exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail with reference to a drawing. In the drawing:
-
FIG. 1 shows a half-section through a gas turbine, -
FIG. 2 shows a turbine blade, which is provided with a heat shield, in longitudinal section, -
FIG. 3 shows a heat shield element which is sectioned in the longitudinal direction, -
FIG. 4 shows a heat shield element in cross section, -
FIG. 5 shows a cross section through a turbine blade which is provided with a heat shield element, -
FIG. 6 shows in alternative embodiment a turbine blade with a heat shield element which is integrated into the leading edge region of the blade basic body. - Like parts are provided with the same designations in all the figures.
- The gas turbine 1 according to
FIG. 1 has acompressor 2 for combustion air, acombustion chamber 4, and also aturbine unit 6 for driving thecompressor 2 and for driving a generator, which is not shown, or a driven machine. For this purpose, theturbine unit 6 and thecompressor 2 are arranged on a common turbine shaft 8, which is also referred to as a turbine rotor, to which the generator or the driven machine is also connected, and which is rotatably mounted around its center axis 9. Thecombustion chamber 4, which is designed in the style of an annular combustion chamber, is equipped with a number ofburners 10 for combustion of a liquid or gaseous fuel. - The
turbine unit 6 has a number ofrotatable rotor blades 12 which are connected to the turbine shaft 8. Therotor blades 12 are arranged on the turbine shaft 8 in the manner of a ring and so form a number of rotor blade rows. Furthermore, theturbine unit 6 comprises a number of fixedstator blades 14 which are fastened also in the manner of a ring on aninner casing 16 of theturbine unit 6, forming stator blade rows. Therotor blades 12 in this case serve for driving the turbine shaft 8 by means of impulse transmission by the operating medium M which flows through theturbine unit 6. Thestator blades 14, on the other hand, serve for flow-guiding of the operating medium M between two rotor blade rows or rotor blade rings which follow each other in each case as seen in the flow direction of the operating medium M. A pair consisting of a ring ofstator blades 14 or a stator blade row, and a ring ofrotor blades 12 or a rotor blade row, which follow each other, in this case is also referred to as a turbine stage. - Each
stator blade 14 has aplatform 18 which is arranged as a wall element for fixing the respective stator blade on theinner casing 16 of theturbine unit 6. Theplatform 18, as also theturbine blade rotor blade 12 is fastened in a similar manner on the turbine shaft 8 via aplatform 19 which is also referred to as a blade root. - Between the
platforms 18, which are arranged at a distance from each other, of thestator blades 14 of two adjacent stator blade rows, aguide ring 21 is arranged in each case on theinner casing 16 of theturbine unit 6. The outer surface of eachguide ring 21 in this case is also exposed to the hot operating medium M which flows through theturbine unit 6, and in the radial direction is at a distance from the outer end of therotor blades 12, which lie opposite it, by means of a gap. The guide rings 21 which are arranged between adjacent stator blade rows in this case serve especially as shroud elements which protect theinner casing 16, or other installed parts on the casing, against overstressing as a result of the operating medium M which flows through theturbine 6. - The
combustion chamber 4 in the exemplary embodiment is designed as a so-called annular combustion chamber, in which a multiplicity ofburners 10, which are arranged around the turbine shaft 8 in the circumferential direction, open into a common combustion space. For this purpose, thecombustion chamber 4 is designed in its entirety as an annular structure which is positioned around the turbine shaft 8. - For achieving a comparatively high efficiency, the
combustion chamber 4 is designed for a comparatively high temperature of the operating medium M of about 1000° C. to 1600° C. In order to also enable a comparatively long service life in the case of these operating parameters which are unfavorable for the materials, therotor blades 12, as shown inFIG. 2 , have aheat shield element 22 which is attached in the leading edge region. Each of theheat shield elements 22 which are attached to therotor blades 12 is equipped on the operating medium side with an especially heat-resistant protective coating, such as ceramic, or is produced from a high temperature-resistant material. - As shown in
FIG. 2 , theturbine blade secondary cooling passages 24 in the leading edge region. Thedischarge passages 28, which are also attached in the leading edge region of theturbine blade main cooling passage 26, serve as fastening elements for theheat shield element 22 in addition to the guiding of the cooling medium K. On account of the higher pressure which prevails in themain cooling passage 26 of the bladebasic body 30 compared with the ambient pressure in theturbine unit 6, the cooling air K, which is preferably used as cooling medium K, flows via thesecondary cooling passages 24 into the gap which is formed between theoutside surface 32 of the bladebasic body 30 and theinside surface 34 of theheat shield element 22, and also through thedischarge passages 28 of theheat shield element 22, wherein the cooling air K which flows from thedischarge passages 28 forms a protective film between the operating medium M and theoutside surface 36 of theheat shield element 22. On the other hand, the cooling air K which escapes from thesecondary cooling passages 24 of the bladebasic body 30 flows against theinside surface 34 of theheat shield element 22 and cools this by means of the impingement cooling effect which occurs as a result. -
FIGS. 3 and 4 show theheat shield element 22 in two different sectional views in each case, wherein it becomes apparent from the longitudinal section of theheat shield element 22 which is shown inFIG. 3 that thedischarge passages 28, as seen in the longitudinal direction of theheat shield element 22, are arranged one behind the other, and wherein eachdischarge passage 28 extends from theoutside surface 36 of theheat shield element 22 towards itsinside surface 34. Thedischarge passages 28 in this case, as shown inFIG. 4 , can be concentrically arranged perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of theheat shield element 22. - As can especially be gathered from the view in
FIG. 5 , theheat shield element 22 has a shape which is adapted to the profile of the bladebasic body 30 in the leading edge region. Consequently, the effect is achieved inter alia of theturbine blade heat shield element 22 on the bladebasic body 30. Moreover, aheat shield element 22 which is curved in such a way results in a constant distance between theinside surface 34 of theheat shield element 22 and theoutside surface 32 of the bladebasic body 30, as a result of which an especially effective cooling in this region is made possible. The cooling air K which is required for the cooling in this case flows from themain cooling passage 26 of theturbine blade secondary cooling passages 24, and through thedischarge passages 28, as a result of which a cooling film is formed on theoutside surface 36 of theheat shield element 22 on account of the cooling air K which flows from thedischarge passage 28 and on account of the operating medium M which flows in theturbine unit 6. The cooling of theinside surface 34 of theheat shield element 22 and of theoutside surface 32 of the bladebasic body 30 in the leading edge region of theturbine blade secondary cooling passages 24, wherein theinside surface 34 of theheat shield element 22 is cooled in an especially effective manner as a result of the impingement cooling effect which occurs in the process. - In order to achieve as far as possible an impingement cooling on the
inside surface 34 of theheat shield element 22 in each of the regions which are exposed to inflow of the cooling air K, thesecondary cooling passages 24 are preferably arranged in such a way that the cooling air K which flows from thesecondary cooling passages 24 impinges perpendicularly to theinside surface 34 of theheat shield element 22. The distance of theheat shield element 22 from the bladebasic body 30 in this case is preferably to be selected so that as a result of a sufficiently high flow velocity of the cooling medium K when impinging upon theinside surface 34 of theheat shield element 22 an intimate contact between the cooling air K and the impingement surface is brought about, and in this way the impingement effect is established. - An especially expedient design of the
turbine blade heat shield element 22 according to the invention is shown inFIG. 6 . In this case, theheat shield element 22 was integrated into the leading edge region of the bladebasic body 30, as a result of which the original external shape of theturbine blade heat shield element 22 is attached externally on the bladebasic body 30, is prevented. - The gap between the
heat shield element 22 and the bladebasic body 30 which is required for creating impingement cooling is consequently achieved in the case of this special embodiment of theturbine blade heat shield element 22 being seated in arecess 38 which is provided in the bladebasic body 30. In this way, the outside surface of theturbine blade heat shield element 22. - The free ends of the
heat shield element 22 according toFIG. 5 are formed flush on the blade walls which are formed by thebasic body 30 in the case of the design according toFIG. 6 in order to achieve an offset-free surface of theturbine blade basic body 30 which lies opposite theheat shield element 22 is set back towards the inside of the blade so that the edge regions of theheat shield element 22 are connected to the blade body.
Claims (21)
1.-7. (canceled)
8. A turbine blade, comprising:
a blade body, provided with a first outside surface which is an outside surface of the blade body, in a leading edge region of the blade body;
a heat shield element, which is arranged on the first outside surface at a distance from the blade body; and
a plurality of secondary cooling passages, which branch off from a main cooling passage formed inside the blade body,
wherein the plurality of secondary cooling passages open into a plurality of discharge openings in the leading edge region, and
wherein the heat shield element has a plurality of discharge passages which extend from the main cooling passage to a second outside surface, the second outside surface is an outside surface of the heat shield element.
9. The turbine blade as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the turbine blade is used in a gas turbine.
10. The turbine blade as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the heat shield element has a shape that is adapted to a profile of the turbine blade in the leading edge region.
11. The turbine blade as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the heat shield element is produced from a first material which is more resistant to temperature than a second material of the blade body.
12. The turbine blade as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the heat shield element is arranged at the distance of no more than 3 mm from the blade body.
13. The turbine blade as claimed in claim 8 wherein the heat shield element is curved whereby a constant distance between an inside surface of the heat shield element and the first outside surface is maintained.
14. The turbine blade as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the plurality of secondary cooling passages are arranged essentially perpendicularly to an inside wall surface of the heat shield element.
15. The turbine blade as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the plurality of secondary cooling passages, are uniformly distributed behind the heat shield element.
16. The turbine blade as claimed in claim 8 , wherein a plurality of edge regions of the heat shield element are connected to the blade body.
17. The turbine blade as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the plurality of discharge passages are arranged one behind the other.
18. A thermal turbomachine, comprising:
a plurality of turbine blades, each turbine blade comprising:
a blade body, provided with a first outside surface which is an outside surface of the blade body, in a leading edge region of the blade body,
a heat shield element, which is arranged in the first outside surface at a distance from the blade body, and
a plurality of secondary cooling passages, which branch off from a main cooling passage formed inside the blade body;
wherein the plurality of secondary cooling passages open into a plurality of discharge openings in the leading edge region, and
wherein the heat shield element has a plurality of discharge passages which extend from the main cooling passage to a second outside surface, an outside surface of the heat shield element.
19. A thermal turbomachine as claimed in claim 18 , wherein the turbomachine is a gas turbine.
20. The thermal turbomachine as claimed in claim 18 , wherein the heat shield element has a shape that is adapted to a profile of the turbine blade in the leading edge region.
21. The thermal turbomachine as claimed in claim 20 , wherein the heat shield element is produced from a first material which is more resistant to temperature than a second material of the blade body.
22. The thermal turbomachine as claimed in claim 18 , wherein the heat shield element is arranged at the distance of no more than 3 mm from the blade body.
23. The turbine blade as claimed in claim 18 wherein the heat shield element is curved whereby a constant distance between an inside surface of the heat shield element and the first outside surface is maintained.
24. The thermal turbomachine as claimed in claim 18 , wherein the plurality of secondary cooling passages are arranged essentially perpendicularly to an inside wall surface of the heat shield element.
25. The thermal turbomachine as claimed in claim 24 , wherein the plurality of secondary cooling passages, are uniformly distributed behind the heat shield element.
26. The thermal turbomachine as claimed in claim 18 , wherein a plurality of edge regions of the heat shield element are connected to the blade body.
27. The thermal turbomachine as claimed in claim 18 , wherein the plurality of discharge passages are arranged one behind the other.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP06022622.2 | 2006-10-30 | ||
EP06022622A EP1930544A1 (en) | 2006-10-30 | 2006-10-30 | Turbine blade |
PCT/EP2007/059989 WO2008052846A1 (en) | 2006-10-30 | 2007-09-20 | Turbine blade |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20100068069A1 true US20100068069A1 (en) | 2010-03-18 |
Family
ID=37945313
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/447,972 Abandoned US20100068069A1 (en) | 2006-10-30 | 2007-09-20 | Turbine Blade |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20100068069A1 (en) |
EP (2) | EP1930544A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2010508461A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101535601A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE459784T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE502007003043D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2341384T3 (en) |
PL (1) | PL2084368T3 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2405940C1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008052846A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
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US20120160375A1 (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2012-06-28 | Quinlan Yee Shuck | Heat treating and brazing of an object |
EP3105425A4 (en) * | 2014-02-13 | 2017-09-13 | United Technologies Corporation | Gas turbine engine component cooling circuit with respirating pedestal |
US20180135423A1 (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2018-05-17 | General Electric Company | Double impingement slot cap assembly |
US20190024513A1 (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2019-01-24 | General Electric Company | Shield for a turbine engine airfoil |
US20200025382A1 (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2020-01-23 | Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction Co., Ltd. | Gas turbine |
US20210332705A1 (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2021-10-28 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Airfoil with cmc liner and multi-piece monolithic ceramic shell |
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CH700687A1 (en) * | 2009-03-30 | 2010-09-30 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Chilled component for a gas turbine. |
US10301945B2 (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2019-05-28 | General Electric Company | Interior cooling configurations in turbine rotor blades |
CN105422188A (en) * | 2016-01-13 | 2016-03-23 | 北京航空航天大学 | Turbine blade with heat shield type composite cooling structure |
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- 2007-09-20 RU RU2009120554/06A patent/RU2405940C1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-09-20 ES ES07820422T patent/ES2341384T3/en active Active
- 2007-09-20 WO PCT/EP2007/059989 patent/WO2008052846A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-09-20 DE DE502007003043T patent/DE502007003043D1/en active Active
- 2007-09-20 JP JP2009533769A patent/JP2010508461A/en active Pending
- 2007-09-20 AT AT07820422T patent/ATE459784T1/en active
- 2007-09-20 US US12/447,972 patent/US20100068069A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US4026659A (en) * | 1975-10-16 | 1977-05-31 | Avco Corporation | Cooled composite vanes for turbine nozzles |
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Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20120160375A1 (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2012-06-28 | Quinlan Yee Shuck | Heat treating and brazing of an object |
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EP3105425A4 (en) * | 2014-02-13 | 2017-09-13 | United Technologies Corporation | Gas turbine engine component cooling circuit with respirating pedestal |
US10370981B2 (en) | 2014-02-13 | 2019-08-06 | United Technologies Corporation | Gas turbine engine component cooling circuit with respirating pedestal |
EP3323988A1 (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2018-05-23 | General Electric Company | Cooling assembly for a turbine airfoil |
CN108071426A (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2018-05-25 | 通用电气公司 | Dual-impingement capping sub-assembly |
WO2018093627A3 (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2018-06-28 | General Electric Company | Cooling assembly for a turbine airfoil and corresponding airfoil of a turbine assembly |
US20180135423A1 (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2018-05-17 | General Electric Company | Double impingement slot cap assembly |
CN110168196A (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2019-08-23 | 通用电气公司 | For the cooling component of turbine airfoil and the correspondence airfoil of turbine assembly |
US10577942B2 (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2020-03-03 | General Electric Company | Double impingement slot cap assembly |
CN108071426B (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2022-07-05 | 通用电气公司 | Double impact slot cover assembly |
US20190024513A1 (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2019-01-24 | General Electric Company | Shield for a turbine engine airfoil |
EP3650639A1 (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2020-05-13 | General Electric Company | Shield for a turbine engine airfoil |
US20200025382A1 (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2020-01-23 | Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction Co., Ltd. | Gas turbine |
US11053850B2 (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2021-07-06 | Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction Co., Ltd. | Gas turbine |
US20210332705A1 (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2021-10-28 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Airfoil with cmc liner and multi-piece monolithic ceramic shell |
US11286783B2 (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2022-03-29 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Airfoil with CMC liner and multi-piece monolithic ceramic shell |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE459784T1 (en) | 2010-03-15 |
ES2341384T3 (en) | 2010-06-18 |
DE502007003043D1 (en) | 2010-04-15 |
EP2084368B1 (en) | 2010-03-03 |
EP1930544A1 (en) | 2008-06-11 |
PL2084368T3 (en) | 2010-07-30 |
EP2084368A1 (en) | 2009-08-05 |
RU2405940C1 (en) | 2010-12-10 |
CN101535601A (en) | 2009-09-16 |
JP2010508461A (en) | 2010-03-18 |
WO2008052846A1 (en) | 2008-05-08 |
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Owner name: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT,GERMANY Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:AHMAD, FATHI;REEL/FRAME:022620/0557 Effective date: 20090421 |
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