US20100051279A1 - Method of prevention of hydrates - Google Patents
Method of prevention of hydrates Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20100051279A1 US20100051279A1 US12/231,306 US23130608A US2010051279A1 US 20100051279 A1 US20100051279 A1 US 20100051279A1 US 23130608 A US23130608 A US 23130608A US 2010051279 A1 US2010051279 A1 US 2010051279A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- pipe
- water
- heated
- contained
- seawater
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 244000261422 Lysimachia clethroides Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000191291 Abies alba Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/01—Risers
- E21B17/015—Non-vertical risers, e.g. articulated or catenary-type
Definitions
- the field of this invention is that of preventing hydrate blockages in subsea pipelines, subsea riser pipes, and subsea equipment installations.
- Hydrates are a porous solid which is formed primarily of water with a mixture of gases. It is effectively similar to crushed ice which is stuck together. There is a tendency for hydrates to form in pipelines departing from a subsea gas well, especially during well flow startup.
- the temperature of the seawater at depths will often approach 34° F., with the temperature in a non-blowing pipe being the same.
- the gas expansion can cause substantial additional cooling. In these cold and high pressure conditions, hydrates of the gas and water quickly form.
- the hydrate forms a blockage.
- the blockage will typically be somewhat porous.
- a high pressure will exist on the upstream side of the blockage and a lower pressure will exist on the downstream side. This means that additional gas will move thru the hydrate and expand and therefore cool as it does. This means that not only can the expansion of this gas keep the formed hydrate cool, but can literally continue to grow additional hydrate blockage.
- Another method of prevention of the formation of hydrates is to place expensive chemicals at the likely location of the formation of the hydrates.
- Chemicals such as methanol will reduce the temperature of the liquid/gas combination required for the formation of the hydrates, hopefully below the temperature which occurs during the well startup operations.
- the delivery of the chemicals to the remote location of the likely hydrate formation requires expensive capital equipment.
- the object of this invention is to provide a method for the prevention of the formation of hydrates in subsea pipes when subsea valves are opened.
- a second object of the present invention is to provide a method for the removal of hydrates and/or wax blockages which have formed in subsea pipes.
- FIG. 1 is a partial section of a subsea system comprising a subsea Christmas tree, a vertical riser pipe, a mid-ocean buoy, and a flexible flowline to a surface vessel.
- FIG. 2 shows an expanded section of FIG. 1 illustrating the location of the valve to be opened which will provide the gas throttling to reduce temperature to the hydrate formation range.
- FIG. 3 shows the FIG. 1 with equipment to implement the present invention installed.
- FIG. 4 shows an expanded section of FIG. 3 illustrating the addition of the heating section to prevent and/or remediate the hydrates.
- FIG. 1 shows a subsea installation 1 , landed on the seafloor 3 , a valve 5 to be opened, a riser pipe 7 , a gooseneck 9 , a flexible pipe 12 , a surface vessel 14 , at the ocean's surface 16 , and a buoyant tank 18 to support the riser pipe 7 .
- valve 5 has been closed for an extended period of time sufficient for all equipment and liquids to have been cooled to the temperature of the sea water, presumably 34° F.
- Valve 5 was opened and the cooled high pressure gas throttled across the opening valve into the lower pressure area in the riser pipe 7 above the valve.
- the blast of gas (probably methane) with a water content literally begins to freeze into a hydrate ice on the internal walls of the riser pipe 7 to the point of complete blockage as indicates as 20 .
- the operation has been required to wait until the hydrate melted of its own accord, in temperatures as low as 34° F.
- FIG. 3 the system looks similar to FIG. 1 , except an outer pipe 30 is placed around the riser pipe 7 and an ROV 32 with a belly skid 34 is positioned next to the outer pipe 30 .
- outer pipe 30 is shown around riser pipe 7 , with a substantial volume of water 40 in the annular area 42 between.
- Belly skid 34 is designed to use the power in the ROV umbilical 44 (typically 150 hp of electrical power) to heat seawater and pump it into the annular area between the outer pipe 30 and the riser pipe 7 . This is accomplished by a seawater intake 46 , a circulation pump 48 , an electric heater 50 , and an attachment interface 52 .
- valve 5 Prior to the opening of valve 5 and throttling gas into the riser pipe 7 , the ROV 32 and belly skid 34 heats seawater to 150° F. and circulates it into the annular area 42 , This fills the annular area 42 with 150° F. seawater rather than the 34° F. seawater which would have been in it otherwise.
- the valve 5 When the valve 5 is opened a hydrate is not formed as it enters an area as hot as you want it to prevent gas and water vapor mixture from going down to a temperature low enough to form hydrates.
- the present method of preheating a volume of seawater to prevent the formation of hydrates is shown in these drawings as a part of a vertical riser pipe 7 going to the surface.
- the method could be equally well used along a horizontal flowline associated with a subsea installation, or the subsea installation itself. In the case of some subsea installations, there is enough piping to allow formation of the hydrates directly on the subsea system.
- Hydrates are formed and are remediated at a combination of temperatures and pressures rather than having a single simple temperature or pressure to design equipment in accordance with. For this reason the temperature best to increase the contained water to and the volume of contained water will vary from installation to installation.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laying Of Electric Cables Or Lines Outside (AREA)
Abstract
The method of prevention of hydrate formation inside a subsea pipe of a first temperature during an increase in flow within the pipe comprising containing a volume of water outside the pipe, heating the volume of water to a second temperature higher than the first temperature such that the pipe is heated to a temperature high enough to stop the formation of the hydrates, and increasing the flow in the pipe.
Description
- N/A
- N/A
- N/A
- The field of this invention is that of preventing hydrate blockages in subsea pipelines, subsea riser pipes, and subsea equipment installations.
- Hydrates are a porous solid which is formed primarily of water with a mixture of gases. It is effectively similar to crushed ice which is stuck together. There is a tendency for hydrates to form in pipelines departing from a subsea gas well, especially during well flow startup.
- The temperature of the seawater at depths will often approach 34° F., with the temperature in a non-blowing pipe being the same. When a subsea valve is opened, the gas expansion can cause substantial additional cooling. In these cold and high pressure conditions, hydrates of the gas and water quickly form.
- Frequently when the hydrate forms, it forms a blockage. The blockage will typically be somewhat porous. At that time, a high pressure will exist on the upstream side of the blockage and a lower pressure will exist on the downstream side. This means that additional gas will move thru the hydrate and expand and therefore cool as it does. This means that not only can the expansion of this gas keep the formed hydrate cool, but can literally continue to grow additional hydrate blockage.
- Attempts have been made to enter the accessible end of the pipeline with a somewhat flexible string of steel coiled tubing to get to the blockage and wash it out. This is an expensive operation due to the cost of the equipment and the time delay in arranging for and deploying the equipment. As the blockage most often occurs at the opposite end from the accessible end, the blockage can be 5 or more miles away. Removal by the use of coiled tubing is further complicated if there are bends in the pipeline, making it more difficult to impossible.
- Another method of prevention of the formation of hydrates is to place expensive chemicals at the likely location of the formation of the hydrates. Chemicals such as methanol will reduce the temperature of the liquid/gas combination required for the formation of the hydrates, hopefully below the temperature which occurs during the well startup operations. In addition to the chemicals being expensive, the delivery of the chemicals to the remote location of the likely hydrate formation requires expensive capital equipment.
- The object of this invention is to provide a method for the prevention of the formation of hydrates in subsea pipes when subsea valves are opened.
- A second object of the present invention is to provide a method for the removal of hydrates and/or wax blockages which have formed in subsea pipes.
-
FIG. 1 is a partial section of a subsea system comprising a subsea Christmas tree, a vertical riser pipe, a mid-ocean buoy, and a flexible flowline to a surface vessel. -
FIG. 2 shows an expanded section ofFIG. 1 illustrating the location of the valve to be opened which will provide the gas throttling to reduce temperature to the hydrate formation range. -
FIG. 3 shows theFIG. 1 with equipment to implement the present invention installed. -
FIG. 4 shows an expanded section ofFIG. 3 illustrating the addition of the heating section to prevent and/or remediate the hydrates. -
FIG. 1 shows asubsea installation 1, landed on theseafloor 3, avalve 5 to be opened, ariser pipe 7, agooseneck 9, aflexible pipe 12, asurface vessel 14, at the ocean'ssurface 16, and abuoyant tank 18 to support theriser pipe 7. - Referring now to
FIG. 2 ,valve 5 has been closed for an extended period of time sufficient for all equipment and liquids to have been cooled to the temperature of the sea water, presumably 34° F. Valve 5 was opened and the cooled high pressure gas throttled across the opening valve into the lower pressure area in theriser pipe 7 above the valve. The blast of gas (probably methane) with a water content literally begins to freeze into a hydrate ice on the internal walls of theriser pipe 7 to the point of complete blockage as indicates as 20. At this time the operation has been required to wait until the hydrate melted of its own accord, in temperatures as low as 34° F. - Referring again to
FIG. 1 , access to the hydrate for mechanical removal is limited because the bending radius of thegooseneck 9 makes it difficult to pass a work string. In the best case scenario, the scheduling and deployment of a work string can take weeks. This means weeks of lost production. Once the hydrate is removed, thevalve 5 must be opened again, potentially causing a repeat hydrate. - Referring now to
FIG. 3 , the system looks similar toFIG. 1 , except anouter pipe 30 is placed around theriser pipe 7 and anROV 32 with abelly skid 34 is positioned next to theouter pipe 30. - Referring now to
FIG. 4 ,outer pipe 30 is shown aroundriser pipe 7, with a substantial volume ofwater 40 in theannular area 42 between. Bellyskid 34 is designed to use the power in the ROV umbilical 44 (typically 150 hp of electrical power) to heat seawater and pump it into the annular area between theouter pipe 30 and theriser pipe 7. This is accomplished by aseawater intake 46, acirculation pump 48, anelectric heater 50, and anattachment interface 52. - Prior to the opening of
valve 5 and throttling gas into theriser pipe 7, theROV 32 and belly skid 34 heats seawater to 150° F. and circulates it into theannular area 42, This fills theannular area 42 with 150° F. seawater rather than the 34° F. seawater which would have been in it otherwise. When thevalve 5 is opened a hydrate is not formed as it enters an area as hot as you want it to prevent gas and water vapor mixture from going down to a temperature low enough to form hydrates. - Other methods are available for providing a heat source to prevent the formation of hydrates, such as providing electric heaters within the
annular area 42. Prior to the opening of thevalve 5, electricity could simply be sent to the electric heaters from the surface or from the ROV to heat theseawater 40 in theannular area 42. - The present method of preheating a volume of seawater to prevent the formation of hydrates is shown in these drawings as a part of a
vertical riser pipe 7 going to the surface. The method could be equally well used along a horizontal flowline associated with a subsea installation, or the subsea installation itself. In the case of some subsea installations, there is enough piping to allow formation of the hydrates directly on the subsea system. - Hydrates are formed and are remediated at a combination of temperatures and pressures rather than having a single simple temperature or pressure to design equipment in accordance with. For this reason the temperature best to increase the contained water to and the volume of contained water will vary from installation to installation.
- The particular embodiments disclosed above are illustrative only, as the invention may be modified and practiced in different but equivalent manners apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings herein. Furthermore, no limitations are intended to the details of construction or design herein shown, other than as described in the claims below. It is therefore evident that the particular embodiments disclosed above may be altered or modified and all such variations are considered within the scope and spirit of the invention. Accordingly, the protection sought herein is as set forth in the claims below.
Claims (18)
1. The method of prevention of hydrate formation inside a pipe of a first temperature during an increase in flow within said pipe comprising
containing a volume of water proximate the outer surface of said pipe,
heating said volume of water to a second temperature higher than said first temperature such that said pipe is heated to a temperature higher than said first temperature, and
increasing said flow in said pipe.
2. The invention of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of said pipe is located subsea.
3. The invention of claim 1 , wherein said water is seawater.
4. The invention of claim 1 , wherein said volume of water is contained in a second pipe which is larger than and generally concentric to said pipe.
5. The invention of claim 1 , wherein said pipe is a pipeline taking flow generally horizontally away from a subsea installation of equipment.
6. The invention of claim 1 , wherein said pipe is a riser pipe taking flow generally vertically away from a subsea installation of equipment.
7. The invention of claim 1 , wherein said pipe is a part of a subsea installation of equipment.
8. The invention of claim 1 , wherein said water is heated by a remotely operated vehicle heating seawater and then pumping said heated seawater into the space of said contained water to displace said contained water with heated water.
9. The invention of claim 1 , wherein said contained water is heated by electric heating elements within said contained water.
10. In an environmental condition suitable to the formation of hydrates within a pipe, the method of preventing hydrate formation within said pipe comprising
heating said pipe and a volume of water contained around said pipe to a temperature high enough to prevent the formation of a hydrate.
11. The invention of claim 10 , wherein at least a portion of said pipe is located subsea.
12. The invention of claim 10 , wherein said water is seawater.
13. The invention of claim 10 , wherein said volume of water is contained in a second pipe which is larger than and generally concentric to said pipe.
14. The invention of claim 10 , wherein said pipe is a pipeline taking flow generally horizontally away from a subsea installation of equipment.
15. The invention of claim 10 , wherein said pipe is a riser pipe taking flow generally vertically away from a subsea installation of equipment.
16. The invention of claim 10 , wherein said pipe is a part of a subsea installation of equipment.
17. The invention of claim 10 , wherein said water is heated by a remotely operated vehicle heating seawater and then pumping said heated seawater into the space of said contained water to displace said contained water with heated water.
18. The invention of claim 10 , wherein said contained water is heated by electric heating elements within said contained water.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US12/231,306 US20100051279A1 (en) | 2008-09-02 | 2008-09-02 | Method of prevention of hydrates |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/231,306 US20100051279A1 (en) | 2008-09-02 | 2008-09-02 | Method of prevention of hydrates |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20100051279A1 true US20100051279A1 (en) | 2010-03-04 |
Family
ID=41723620
Family Applications (1)
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US12/231,306 Abandoned US20100051279A1 (en) | 2008-09-02 | 2008-09-02 | Method of prevention of hydrates |
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Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20110136700A1 (en) * | 2003-12-17 | 2011-06-09 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Method and System for Preventing Clathrate Hydrate Blockage Formation in Flow Lines by Enhancing Water Cut |
WO2013033038A2 (en) * | 2011-08-26 | 2013-03-07 | Gaumer Company, Inc. | System for subsea extraction of gaseous materials from, and prevention, of hydrates |
US8424608B1 (en) * | 2010-08-05 | 2013-04-23 | Trendsetter Engineering, Inc. | System and method for remediating hydrates |
US20130126179A1 (en) * | 2009-06-25 | 2013-05-23 | Cameron International Corporation | Sampling Skid for Subsea Wells |
US8522881B2 (en) * | 2011-05-19 | 2013-09-03 | Composite Technology Development, Inc. | Thermal hydrate preventer |
KR101422593B1 (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2014-07-23 | 삼성중공업 주식회사 | Pipe Preventing Hydrate Forming |
US20140290902A1 (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2014-10-02 | Vetco Gray Scandinavia.As | Device for thermally insulating one or more elements of a subsea installation from ambient cold sea water |
US20140318791A1 (en) * | 2013-04-29 | 2014-10-30 | Oceaneering International, Inc. | System and method for subsea structure obstruction remediation using an exothermic chemical reaction |
US8925627B2 (en) | 2010-07-07 | 2015-01-06 | Composite Technology Development, Inc. | Coiled umbilical tubing |
US20150149114A1 (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2015-05-28 | Onesubsea Ip Uk Limited | Monitoring Integrity of a Riser Pipe Network |
KR20160018173A (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2016-02-17 | 한국과학기술원 | Transportation Pipeline Heating System Through the Circulation of the Fluid Stored in Large Undersea Storage Tank |
WO2016078666A1 (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2016-05-26 | National Oilwell Varco Denmark I/S | An unbonded flexible pipe and a method for regulating the temperature of the surface of an unbonded flexible pipe |
NO20160953A1 (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2017-12-04 | Vetco Gray Scandinavia As | Termination arrangement for use in a horizontal connection system |
CN108071371A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2018-05-25 | 中国计量大学 | The technical solution of common seabed combustible ice mineral reserve is exploited using decompression method |
US10533683B2 (en) | 2015-05-27 | 2020-01-14 | Technip France | Removable cover intended for being arranged opposite a fluid-transport pipe submerged in a body of water, associated intervention assembly and method |
US10619781B2 (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2020-04-14 | Benton Frederick Baugh | Method of subsea pipeline blockage remediation |
CN112771245A (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2021-05-07 | 巴西石油公司 | Non-resident system and method for depressurizing subsea devices and lines |
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2008
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Cited By (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8329965B2 (en) * | 2003-12-17 | 2012-12-11 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Method and system for preventing clathrate hydrate blockage formation in flow lines by enhancing water cut |
US20110136700A1 (en) * | 2003-12-17 | 2011-06-09 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Method and System for Preventing Clathrate Hydrate Blockage Formation in Flow Lines by Enhancing Water Cut |
US8869880B2 (en) | 2007-02-12 | 2014-10-28 | Gaumer Company, Inc. | System for subsea extraction of gaseous materials from, and prevention, of hydrates |
US20130126179A1 (en) * | 2009-06-25 | 2013-05-23 | Cameron International Corporation | Sampling Skid for Subsea Wells |
US8925636B2 (en) * | 2009-06-25 | 2015-01-06 | Cameron International Corporation | Sampling skid for subsea wells |
US8925627B2 (en) | 2010-07-07 | 2015-01-06 | Composite Technology Development, Inc. | Coiled umbilical tubing |
US8424608B1 (en) * | 2010-08-05 | 2013-04-23 | Trendsetter Engineering, Inc. | System and method for remediating hydrates |
US8522881B2 (en) * | 2011-05-19 | 2013-09-03 | Composite Technology Development, Inc. | Thermal hydrate preventer |
WO2013033038A2 (en) * | 2011-08-26 | 2013-03-07 | Gaumer Company, Inc. | System for subsea extraction of gaseous materials from, and prevention, of hydrates |
WO2013033038A3 (en) * | 2011-08-26 | 2013-06-27 | Gaumer Company, Inc. | System for subsea extraction of gaseous materials from, and prevention, of hydrates |
KR101422593B1 (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2014-07-23 | 삼성중공업 주식회사 | Pipe Preventing Hydrate Forming |
US20150149114A1 (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2015-05-28 | Onesubsea Ip Uk Limited | Monitoring Integrity of a Riser Pipe Network |
US10378331B2 (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2019-08-13 | Onesubsea Ip Uk Limited | Monitoring integrity of a riser pipe network |
US20140290902A1 (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2014-10-02 | Vetco Gray Scandinavia.As | Device for thermally insulating one or more elements of a subsea installation from ambient cold sea water |
US9297236B2 (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2016-03-29 | Vetco Gray Scandinavia As | Device for thermally insulating one or more elements of a subsea installation from ambient cold sea water |
US9416625B2 (en) * | 2013-04-29 | 2016-08-16 | Oceaneering International, Inc. | System and method for subsea structure obstruction remediation using an exothermic chemical reaction |
US20140318791A1 (en) * | 2013-04-29 | 2014-10-30 | Oceaneering International, Inc. | System and method for subsea structure obstruction remediation using an exothermic chemical reaction |
US9255464B2 (en) * | 2013-04-29 | 2016-02-09 | Oceaneering International, Inc. | System and method for subsea structure obstruction remediation using an exothermic chemical reaction |
US20140318789A1 (en) * | 2013-04-29 | 2014-10-30 | Oceaneering International, Inc. | System and method for subsea structure obstruction remediation using an exothermic chemical reaction |
KR20160018173A (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2016-02-17 | 한국과학기술원 | Transportation Pipeline Heating System Through the Circulation of the Fluid Stored in Large Undersea Storage Tank |
KR101631060B1 (en) | 2014-08-08 | 2016-06-17 | 한국과학기술원 | Transportation Pipeline Heating System Through the Circulation of the Fluid Stored in Large Undersea Storage Tank |
WO2016078666A1 (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2016-05-26 | National Oilwell Varco Denmark I/S | An unbonded flexible pipe and a method for regulating the temperature of the surface of an unbonded flexible pipe |
US10533683B2 (en) | 2015-05-27 | 2020-01-14 | Technip France | Removable cover intended for being arranged opposite a fluid-transport pipe submerged in a body of water, associated intervention assembly and method |
NO20160953A1 (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2017-12-04 | Vetco Gray Scandinavia As | Termination arrangement for use in a horizontal connection system |
NO344563B1 (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2020-02-03 | Vetco Gray Scandinavia As | Termination arrangement for use in a horizontal connection system |
CN108071371A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2018-05-25 | 中国计量大学 | The technical solution of common seabed combustible ice mineral reserve is exploited using decompression method |
US10619781B2 (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2020-04-14 | Benton Frederick Baugh | Method of subsea pipeline blockage remediation |
CN112771245A (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2021-05-07 | 巴西石油公司 | Non-resident system and method for depressurizing subsea devices and lines |
US11319781B2 (en) | 2018-09-12 | 2022-05-03 | Petróleo Brasileiro S.A.—Petrobras | Nonresident system and method for depressurising subsea apparatus and lines |
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