US20090277175A1 - Sodium injection for advanced steam turbines - Google Patents
Sodium injection for advanced steam turbines Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20090277175A1 US20090277175A1 US12/151,610 US15161008A US2009277175A1 US 20090277175 A1 US20090277175 A1 US 20090277175A1 US 15161008 A US15161008 A US 15161008A US 2009277175 A1 US2009277175 A1 US 2009277175A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- turbine
- sodium
- steam
- blades
- combustion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
- F01D1/24—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines characterised by counter-rotating rotors subjected to same working fluid stream without intermediate stator blades or the like
- F01D1/26—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines characterised by counter-rotating rotors subjected to same working fluid stream without intermediate stator blades or the like traversed by the working-fluid substantially axially
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2203/00—Non-metallic inorganic materials
- F05C2203/08—Ceramics; Oxides
- F05C2203/0804—Non-oxide ceramics
- F05C2203/083—Nitrides
- F05C2203/0839—Nitrides of boron
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
- F05D2300/12—Light metals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
- F05D2300/611—Coating
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Abstract
A novel, more sophisticated steam turbine design is proposed with reaction stages that have full admission, compounded by counter rotating axial blades, with impulse ignition utilizing sodium injection.
Description
- There are two principal steam turbine types: reaction and impulse.
- The impulse turbine has little or no pressure drop across its moving blades. Steam energy is transferred to the rotor entirely by the steam jets striking the moving blades. Since there is theoretically no pressure drop across the moving blades (and thus no reaction), internal clearances are large, and no balance piston is needed. These features make the impulse turbine a rugged and durable machine that can withstand the heavy-duty service of today's mechanical drive applications.
- Today there is no pure impulse turbine. Manufacturers are using a combination of reaction and impulse design features to further improve turbine efficiency. The traditional impulse turbine manufacturers, who utilize the basic wheel and diaphragm construction, have been able to meet and many times exceed, the performance of a pure reaction turbine. This is done by adding a small amount of reaction to improve the performance, without the need for tight leakage controls or increasing thrust forces.
- Steam turbine staging can vary:
-
- i) Curtis staging—velocity compounded
- ii) Rateau staging—pressure compounded
- The most simple steam turbine configuration is the straight non-condensing design.
-
H2O+Na→NaOH+H - Sodium reacts violently with water, and even with snow and ice, to give sodium hydroxide and hydrogen. The reaction liberates sufficient heat to melt the sodium and ignite the hydrogen.
- Sodium hydroxide is perhaps the most important industrial alkali. Its major use is in the manufacture of chemicals, about 30% going into this category. The next major use is the manufacture of cellulose film and rayon, both of which proceed through soda cellulose (the reaction product of sodium hydroxide and cellulose); this accounts for about 25% of the total caustic soda production. Soap manufacture, petroleum refining, and pulp and paper manufacture each account for a little less than 10% of total sodium hydroxide uses. Sodium hydroxide; NaOH, is commonly known as caustic soda. It readily absorbs water from the atmosphere and must be protected in storage and handling. It is corrosive to the skin and must be handled with extreme care to avoid caustic burns.
- Sodium ranks sixth in abundance among all of the elements in the Earth's crust, which contains 2.83% sodium in combined form. Only oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron and calcium are more abundant. Sodium is after chlorine, the second most abundant element in solution in seawater.
- A steam turbine design with reaction stages that have full admission, compounded by counter rotating axial blades, with impulse ignition utilizing sodium injection.
- Reaction stages with full admission, compounded by counter rotating axial blades. Each propeller blade that is connected to the turbine axis is preceded by an impeller blade that is connected to the propeller blade with reverse gearing for counter rotation.
- A sodium injection nozzle that is configured to inject elemental sodium into a steam turbine in such a way that the ignition of the hydrogen combustion cycle is prevented from returning through the nozzle. Thus the force of the combustion of the sodium with the steam entering the turbine is directed toward the turbine blades. Thereby increasing the pressure to force the turbine blades to turn with a greater RPM.
- A conical plunger valve located at the orifice of the turbine where the steam enters the turbine. This valve is spring loaded to open in the repetitive combustion cycles within the turbine combustion chamber. The valve is made from Austenitic Stainless Steel type 316 L to be resistive to hydrogen embrittlement, and has a ceramic seat to withstand the higher combustive temperatures.
- The Drawing FIGURE depicts a cross sectional side view of the sodium injection steam turbine of the present invention and includes a detail of an exemplary impeller and counter rotating propeller engaged through a plurality of gears to effect the counter rotation.
- A thermal barrier coating on the interior of the turbine is recommended to include the turbine blades, to be able to withstand the higher temperatures of the hydrogen combustion cycle, from the exothermic reaction of the sodium with the water vapor. Boron nitride is suggested as a thermal barrier coating for this application.
- As illustrated in the drawings a plunger valve is spring loaded to reopen after combustion of the hydrogen ignited by the sodium reaction with the water vapor. This plunger valve is located at the orifice of the turbine where the steam enters the turbine blade cavity, and is operative to prevent backflash travel of combustion to the steam source.
- Sodium is injected into the steam turbine blade cavity with either a ball valve or other resistive closure mechanism to prevent the combustion cycle to backflash the sodium at its source. The sodium may be injected in a vapor, solid, or liquid phase.
- The steam turbine blades are counter-rotating in series of two. An impeller precedes the propeller which is connected to the axial (shaft) of the steam turbine. These turbine blades are fully addressed, becoming larger in circumference from front to rear of the turbine. The purpose of the blades counter-rotating is to increase pressure and RPM on the axial shaft.
- This steam turbine design can be used to turn a generator for power plant applications, and can also be used as an engine for vehicular transportation.
Claims (3)
1.) A conical plunger valve located at the orifice of the turbine where the steam enters the turbine. This valve is spring loaded to open in the repetitive combustion cycles within the turbine combustion chamber. The valve is made from Austenitic Stainless Steel type 316 L to be resistive to hydrogen embrittlement, and has a ceramic seat to withstand the higher combustive temperatures.
2.) A sodium injection nozzle that is configured to inject elemental sodium into a steam turbine in such a way that the ignition of the hydrogen combustion cycle is prevented from returning through the nozzle. Thus the force of the combustion of the sodium with the steam entering the turbine is directed toward the turbine blades. Thereby increasing the pressure to force the turbine blades to turn with a greater RPM.
3.) Reaction stages with full admission, compounded by counter rotating axial blades. Each propeller blade that is connected to the turbine axis is preceded by an impeller blade that is connecter to the propeller blade with reverse gearing for counter rotation.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/151,610 US20090277175A1 (en) | 2008-05-09 | 2008-05-09 | Sodium injection for advanced steam turbines |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/151,610 US20090277175A1 (en) | 2008-05-09 | 2008-05-09 | Sodium injection for advanced steam turbines |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20090277175A1 true US20090277175A1 (en) | 2009-11-12 |
Family
ID=41265751
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/151,610 Abandoned US20090277175A1 (en) | 2008-05-09 | 2008-05-09 | Sodium injection for advanced steam turbines |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20090277175A1 (en) |
Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1805093A (en) * | 1927-03-12 | 1931-05-12 | Holzwarth Gas Turbine Co | Cooling device for combustion gas turbines |
US2021773A (en) * | 1932-06-20 | 1935-11-19 | Crosby Steam Gage & Valve Co | Relief valve |
US2469678A (en) * | 1943-12-18 | 1949-05-10 | Edwin T Wyman | Combination steam and gas turbine |
US2706890A (en) * | 1950-05-15 | 1955-04-26 | Schmidt Ernst Heinrich Wilhelm | Production of steam under pressure |
US3038307A (en) * | 1958-02-25 | 1962-06-12 | Saurer Ag Adolph | Counter-rotating turbine wheels and auxiliary bucket wheel control device |
US3785570A (en) * | 1972-08-30 | 1974-01-15 | Us Army | Dual orifice fuel nozzle with air-assisted primary at low flow rates |
US4197700A (en) * | 1976-10-13 | 1980-04-15 | Jahnig Charles E | Gas turbine power system with fuel injection and combustion catalyst |
US4293273A (en) * | 1976-11-30 | 1981-10-06 | Romanov Viktor I | Axial-flow reversible turbine |
US4381795A (en) * | 1981-03-02 | 1983-05-03 | Dayco Corporation | Diverter valve construction and method of making same |
US5010729A (en) * | 1989-01-03 | 1991-04-30 | General Electric Company | Geared counterrotating turbine/fan propulsion system |
US7229254B2 (en) * | 2002-01-18 | 2007-06-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Turbine blade with a reduced mass |
-
2008
- 2008-05-09 US US12/151,610 patent/US20090277175A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1805093A (en) * | 1927-03-12 | 1931-05-12 | Holzwarth Gas Turbine Co | Cooling device for combustion gas turbines |
US2021773A (en) * | 1932-06-20 | 1935-11-19 | Crosby Steam Gage & Valve Co | Relief valve |
US2469678A (en) * | 1943-12-18 | 1949-05-10 | Edwin T Wyman | Combination steam and gas turbine |
US2706890A (en) * | 1950-05-15 | 1955-04-26 | Schmidt Ernst Heinrich Wilhelm | Production of steam under pressure |
US3038307A (en) * | 1958-02-25 | 1962-06-12 | Saurer Ag Adolph | Counter-rotating turbine wheels and auxiliary bucket wheel control device |
US3785570A (en) * | 1972-08-30 | 1974-01-15 | Us Army | Dual orifice fuel nozzle with air-assisted primary at low flow rates |
US4197700A (en) * | 1976-10-13 | 1980-04-15 | Jahnig Charles E | Gas turbine power system with fuel injection and combustion catalyst |
US4293273A (en) * | 1976-11-30 | 1981-10-06 | Romanov Viktor I | Axial-flow reversible turbine |
US4381795A (en) * | 1981-03-02 | 1983-05-03 | Dayco Corporation | Diverter valve construction and method of making same |
US5010729A (en) * | 1989-01-03 | 1991-04-30 | General Electric Company | Geared counterrotating turbine/fan propulsion system |
US7229254B2 (en) * | 2002-01-18 | 2007-06-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Turbine blade with a reduced mass |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN105822459B (en) | Rocket engine | |
CN106195982B (en) | Heating unit and steam generator including the heating unit | |
KR20110083603A (en) | Combustion turbine in which combustion is intermittent | |
EP2522829A2 (en) | A steam injected gas turbine engine | |
US20090277175A1 (en) | Sodium injection for advanced steam turbines | |
CN103775244B (en) | Spray double discharge runner motor | |
CN102072049A (en) | Mixed-combustion working medium generator | |
US8464534B1 (en) | Nitrogen pressure-based engine device | |
CN203257480U (en) | 150MW steam turbine for combined heat and power generation heat supply | |
RU2287708C1 (en) | Power plant | |
CN106438107A (en) | Blade propeller side jet type aeroengine | |
RU2441998C1 (en) | Gas-turbine jet engine | |
WO2014121655A1 (en) | Child-mother type double-wheel rotor steam power machine | |
CN203702343U (en) | Low-temperature hybrid power gas turbine | |
WO2007108781A3 (en) | Energy regenerator | |
WO2016159829A1 (en) | Method and device for feeding a working fluid into an engine heater | |
CN219529158U (en) | Vortex double-spray synergistic gas turbine capable of preventing extreme high temperature | |
GB2444936A (en) | Internal combustion and steam turbine engines | |
JP4042824B1 (en) | Power generation system | |
CN1331383A (en) | Dynamic jet type IC engine | |
CN102003284A (en) | Hydrogen-blended gas fuel engine | |
CN101701529B (en) | Water boiling wheel | |
CN201884128U (en) | Hydrogen-mixed gas fuel power machine | |
CN104033239B (en) | A kind of straight quick-fried formula motor | |
Zaryankin et al. | Superpowerful combined cycle power units with one gas turbine |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |