US20090250350A1 - Detection device and method of anodic oxide film - Google Patents
Detection device and method of anodic oxide film Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20090250350A1 US20090250350A1 US12/324,849 US32484908A US2009250350A1 US 20090250350 A1 US20090250350 A1 US 20090250350A1 US 32484908 A US32484908 A US 32484908A US 2009250350 A1 US2009250350 A1 US 2009250350A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- oxide film
- anodic oxide
- potential
- potentials
- curve
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/416—Systems
- G01N27/48—Systems using polarography, i.e. measuring changes in current under a slowly-varying voltage
Definitions
- the disclosure generally relates to detection devices and detection methods, and more particularly to a detection device and method for detecting an anodic oxide film during an anodic oxidation treatment.
- Anodic oxide films have drawn much attention for industrial and nanotechnology uses because of their unique pore formation capability, which not only increases corrosion resistance but has the added value of enhanced cosmetic appearance.
- the anodic oxide film is composed of a porous layer.
- a current density, a bath temperature, and an acid concentration of an electrolyte may influence a pore formation capability of the anodic oxide film.
- a burnt film may be formed at a higher current density, and pitting and burning tend to occur at a lower acid concentration or when a concentration of a sulfate increases.
- to examine the texture of the anodic oxide film always involves the use of an electronic microscope and preparation of specimens, which is tedious and laborious.
- a device for detecting an anodic oxide film during an anodic oxidation treatment includes a container receiving an electrolyte therein, an aluminum sheet immersed in the electrolyte, a power source electrically connected to the aluminum sheet for supplying a current to the aluminum sheet to cause an anodic oxide film to grow on the aluminum sheet, a data acquisition unit measuring a potential of the anodic oxide film, a data processor unit calculating a first-order differential value of the potential at a time, and a display unit displaying a first-order differential curve generated according to the differential values of the potentials at different times.
- the anodic oxide film During a period between the time when the potential of the anodic oxide film reaches a maximum and the time when the potential of the anodic oxide film starts to become constant, if only one valley is formed on the first-order differential curve, the anodic oxide film is excellent; should there be more than one valleys formed on the first-order differential curve, the anodic oxide film has a poor quality.
- FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a detection device according to an exemplary embodiment for detecting an anodic oxide film during an anodic oxidation treatment.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a detection method for detecting the anodic oxide film during the anodic oxidation treatment using the detecting device of FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 3 is a potential-time curve and an associated first-order differential curve of the anodic oxide film formed by anodizing an aluminum sheet in a sulfuric acid solution with a concentration of 15 wt % at a bath temperature of 293K and a current density of 15 mA/cm 2 .
- FIGS. 4-7 show microscopic images of the anodic oxide film of the aluminum sheet at different anodizing times under the condition of FIG. 3 .
- FIG. 8 is similar to FIG. 3 , but shows the potential-time curve and the associated first-order differential curve of the anodic oxide film formed by anodizing the aluminum sheet in a sulfuric acid solution with a concentration of 10 wt % at a bath temperature of 303K and a current density of 27 mA/cm 2 .
- FIG. 9 shows a microscopic image of the anodic oxide film formed on the aluminum sheet under the condition of FIG. 8 .
- FIG. 10 shows the potential-time curve and the associated first-order differential curve of the anodic oxide film formed by anodizing the aluminum sheet in a sulfuric acid solution with a concentration of 20 wt % at a bath temperature of 283K and a current density of 24 mA/cm 2 .
- FIG. 11 shows a microscopic image of the anodic oxide film formed on the aluminum sheet under the condition of FIG. 10 .
- a detection device for detecting an anodic oxide film in an anodic oxidation treatment includes a power source 1 , a data acquisition unit 8 , a data processor unit 10 , a display unit 11 and a container 14 .
- An electrolyte 6 such as a solution including sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, chromic acid, and organic acid, is filled in the container 14 .
- the container 14 is received in a constant temperature device 7 to maintain a constant anodizing temperature during the anodic oxidation treatment.
- An aluminum sheet 9 functions as an anode and has a bottom end extending into the electrolyte 6 and a top end electronically connected to a positive pole 2 of the power source 1 .
- An aluminum post 4 functions as a cathode and has a bottom end extending into the electrolyte 6 and a top end electronically connected to a negative pole 3 of the power source 1 .
- the power source 1 can supply a current to the aluminum sheet 9 .
- the power source 1 can be adjusted to change a current density flowing through the aluminum sheet 9 .
- a calomel electrode 5 is utilized as a reference electrode.
- the calomel electrode 5 has a bottom end extending into the electrolyte 6 , and a top end connected to a reference terminal 82 of the data acquisition unit 8 .
- An input terminal 81 of the data acquisition unit 8 is connected to the top end of the aluminum sheet 9
- an earth terminal 83 of the data acquisition unit 8 is connected to the ground
- an output terminal 84 of the data acquisition unit 8 is connected to an input terminal 13 of the data processor unit 10 .
- the display unit 11 is connected to an output terminal 12 of the data processor unit 10 .
- the power source 1 supplies the current to the aluminum sheet 9 to cause an anodic oxide film to continuously grow on the aluminum sheet 9 until reaching a quasi-steady state.
- a pore formation capability of the anodic oxide film can be detected during the anodic oxidation treatment according to a detecting method shown in FIG. 2 .
- the detecting method mainly includes the following steps: (a) obtaining different potentials U of the anodic oxide film at different anodizing times t by the data acquisition unit 8 , recording and processing the recorded potentials U and times t by the data processing unit 10 to obtain a potential-time curve 20 and displaying the potential-time curve 20 by the display unit 11 which has a potential-time coordinates; (b) differentiating the different potentials U at different times t by the data processing unit 10 to obtain first-order differential values U′ at different times t; (c) generating a first-order differential curve 21 by the data acquisition unit 8 according to the first-order differential value U′ at different times t and displaying the first-order differential curve 21 by the display unit 11 ; and (d) judging the pore formation capability of the anodic oxide film according to a shape of the first-order differential curve 21 . Details of the detection method will be expatiated with specific anodic oxidation treatment examples as follows.
- the electrolyte 6 is a sulfuric acid solution with a concentration of 15 wt %.
- the aluminum sheet 9 is anodized in the sulfuric acid solution at a bath temperature of 293K and a current density of 15 mA/cm 2 .
- the data acquisition unit 8 measures the potential U of the anodic oxide film at a frequency f of 100 Hz.
- the potential U of the anodic oxide film is converted to digital signal and sent to the data processor unit 10 .
- the data processor unit 10 records the potential U of the anodic oxide film at the anodizing time t as U(t).
- the potential U of the anodic oxide film at the anodizing time t ⁇ 1 is recorded as U(t ⁇ 1)
- the potential U of the anodic oxide film at the anodizing time t+1 is recorded as U(t+1).
- a potential-time curve 20 is obtained according to the potentials U of the anodic oxide film at the anodizing times t
- a first-order differential curve 21 is obtained according to the first-order differential values U′ at the anodizing times t.
- both of the potential-time curve 20 and the first-order differential curve 21 are displayed on the display unit 11 , as shown in FIG. 3 .
- the potential-time curve 20 and the first-order differential curve 21 can be divided into four segments, which correspond to four stages of the growth of the anodic oxide film, i.e., a barrier layer formation stage, a nanopore initiation and growth stage, a pore widening stage, and a quasi-steady state stage.
- the four stages are divided by three anodizing times, t U′max , t Umax , and t Uconst .
- the anodizing time t U′max is the time that the first-order differential curve 21 has a maximum value: U′max.
- the anodizing time t Umax is the time that the potential-time curve 20 has a maximum value: Umax, and at this time, the first-order differential value U′ of the potential U is zero.
- the anodizing time t const is the time that the first-order differential curve 21 and the potential-time curve 20 start to become straight and horizontal. In other words, from the anodizing time t const , the potential U of the anodic oxide film is constant, the first-order differential value U′ of the potential U is zero.
- the nanopore initiation and growth stage is from t U′max to t Umax .
- the pore widening stage is from t Umax to t Uconst .
- After the anodizing time t Uconst is the quasi-steady state stage.
- the pore formation capability of the anodic oxide film is judged according to an amount of valleys of the first-order differential curve 21 in the pore widening stage. If the first-order differential curve 21 has only one valley in the pore widening stage, the anodic oxide film formed on the aluminum sheet 9 is excellent. In contrast, if the first-order differential curve 21 has more than one valleys in the pore widening stage, the quality of the anodic oxide film is poor.
- the anodic oxide film initially and continuously grows on the aluminum sheet 9 .
- the initially formed anodic oxide film significantly increases the electric resistance of the aluminum sheet 9 .
- the potential U of the anodic oxide film increases with the increase of the electric resistance.
- An increasing rate of the potential U of the anodic oxide film is more and more faster, and thus the first-order differential value U′ of the potential U increases remarkably until reaching the maximum U′max.
- the maximum first-order differential value U′max is about 3.96
- the anodizing time t U′max is about 2.37s. In other words, a period for the barrier layer formation stage is about 2.37s.
- FIG. 4 shows the anodic oxide film formed on the aluminum sheet 9 in the barrier layer formation stage at the anodizing time of about 2s, which is substantially a barrier layer consisting mainly of amorphous type oxide which is compact and free of pores.
- the potential U of the anodic oxide film continues to rise until reaching the maximum Umax.
- the increasing rate of the potential U of the anodic oxide film in the nanopore initiation and growth stage is slower.
- the first-order differential value U′ of the potential U decreases to zero when the potential U of the anodic oxide film reaches the maximum Umax.
- a point B (8.51s, 25.54V) indicates the peak of the potential-time curve 20 , i.e., the maximum potential Umax of the anodic oxide film is about 25.54V, and the anodizing time t Umax is about 8.51s.
- the nanopore initiation and growth stage is from 2.37s to 8.51s.
- FIG. 5 shows the anodic oxide film formed on the aluminum sheet 9 in the nanopore initiation and growth stage at the anodizing time of about 6s, which has a plurality of pores.
- the anodic oxide film continues to growth until it reaches the quasi-steady state at the anodizing time t Uconst .
- the pores of the anodic oxide film widen persistently and become apparent.
- the anodizing time t Uconst is about 20.08s.
- the potential Uconst of the anodic oxide film decreases to about 17.15V, as indicated by point C.
- the pores of the anodic oxide film at the anodizing time of about 12s are apparent.
- the potential U of the anodic oxide film is constant, being 17.15V, and thus the first-order differential value U′ of the potential U is also constant, being zero.
- Both of the first-order differential curve 21 and the potential-time curve 20 in the quasi-steady state stage after the anodizing time t Uconst are straight and horizontal.
- the potential-time curve 20 declines, and the potential U of the anodic oxide film decreases gradually form Umax to U const .
- the first-order differential curve 21 goes from zero to a minimum, and then lifts to zero again when the potential U of the anodic oxide film reaches U const .
- One valley is formed in the pore widening stage of the first-order differential curve 21 when the first-order differential value U′ of the potential U reaches the minimum U′min, which is indicated by point D.
- the time t and the minimum U′min at the point D are about 10.27s and ⁇ 1.71.
- the anodic oxide film formed in this specific anodic oxidation treatment that the aluminum sheet 9 is anodized in a sulfuric acid solution of 15 wt % concentration at a bath temperature of 293K and a current density of 15 mA/cm 2 has a good quality.
- FIG. 7 shows the pores of the anodic oxide film at the anodizing time of about 22s; it is obvious that the anodic oxide film has an excellent pore formation.
- FIG. 8 shows the potential-time curve 22 and the first-order differential curve 23 of a second specific anodic oxidation treatment.
- the aluminum sheet 9 is anodized in the electrolyte 6 with a concentration of 10 wt % at a bath temperature of 303K and a current density of 27 mA/cm 2 .
- the first-order differential curve 23 has two valleys in the pore widening stage, and thus the anodic oxide film is poor in quality.
- pitting is generated in the anodic oxide film, and thus the pore formation of the anodic oxide film is bad.
- FIG. 10 shows the potential-time curve 24 and the first-order differential curve 25 of a third specific anodic oxidation treatment.
- the aluminum sheet 9 is anodized in the electrolyte 6 with a concentration of 20 wt % at a bath temperature of 283K and a current density of 24 mA/cm 2 .
- the first-order differential curve 25 in FIG. 10 has more than one valleys in the pore widening stage, and thus the anodic oxide film has a poor quality.
- pitting also occurs in the anodic oxide film.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Cold Cathode And The Manufacture (AREA)
Abstract
A device for detecting an anodic oxide film during an anodic oxidation treatment includes a container receiving an electrolyte therein, an aluminum sheet immersed in the electrolyte, a power source supplying a current to the aluminum sheet to form an anodic oxide film on the aluminum sheet, a data acquisition unit measuring a potential of the anodic oxide film at a time, a data processor unit calculating a differential value of the potential, and a display unit displaying a differential curve generated according to the differential values of the potentials at different times. The quality of the anodic oxide film can be judged by reading the shape of the differential curve.
Description
- 1. Field of the Disclosure
- The disclosure generally relates to detection devices and detection methods, and more particularly to a detection device and method for detecting an anodic oxide film during an anodic oxidation treatment.
- 2. Description of Related Art
- Anodic oxide films have drawn much attention for industrial and nanotechnology uses because of their unique pore formation capability, which not only increases corrosion resistance but has the added value of enhanced cosmetic appearance. The anodic oxide film is composed of a porous layer. During an anodic oxidation treatment, a current density, a bath temperature, and an acid concentration of an electrolyte may influence a pore formation capability of the anodic oxide film. For example, a burnt film may be formed at a higher current density, and pitting and burning tend to occur at a lower acid concentration or when a concentration of a sulfate increases. However, to examine the texture of the anodic oxide film always involves the use of an electronic microscope and preparation of specimens, which is tedious and laborious.
- For the foregoing reasons, there is a need in the art for a detection device and method for detecting an anodic oxide film which overcome the limitations described.
- According to the disclosure, a device for detecting an anodic oxide film during an anodic oxidation treatment includes a container receiving an electrolyte therein, an aluminum sheet immersed in the electrolyte, a power source electrically connected to the aluminum sheet for supplying a current to the aluminum sheet to cause an anodic oxide film to grow on the aluminum sheet, a data acquisition unit measuring a potential of the anodic oxide film, a data processor unit calculating a first-order differential value of the potential at a time, and a display unit displaying a first-order differential curve generated according to the differential values of the potentials at different times. During a period between the time when the potential of the anodic oxide film reaches a maximum and the time when the potential of the anodic oxide film starts to become constant, if only one valley is formed on the first-order differential curve, the anodic oxide film is excellent; should there be more than one valleys formed on the first-order differential curve, the anodic oxide film has a poor quality.
- Other advantages and novel features of the disclosure will be drawn from the following detailed description of the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure with attached drawings.
-
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a detection device according to an exemplary embodiment for detecting an anodic oxide film during an anodic oxidation treatment. -
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a detection method for detecting the anodic oxide film during the anodic oxidation treatment using the detecting device ofFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 3 is a potential-time curve and an associated first-order differential curve of the anodic oxide film formed by anodizing an aluminum sheet in a sulfuric acid solution with a concentration of 15 wt % at a bath temperature of 293K and a current density of 15 mA/cm2. -
FIGS. 4-7 show microscopic images of the anodic oxide film of the aluminum sheet at different anodizing times under the condition ofFIG. 3 . -
FIG. 8 is similar toFIG. 3 , but shows the potential-time curve and the associated first-order differential curve of the anodic oxide film formed by anodizing the aluminum sheet in a sulfuric acid solution with a concentration of 10 wt % at a bath temperature of 303K and a current density of 27 mA/cm2. -
FIG. 9 shows a microscopic image of the anodic oxide film formed on the aluminum sheet under the condition ofFIG. 8 . -
FIG. 10 shows the potential-time curve and the associated first-order differential curve of the anodic oxide film formed by anodizing the aluminum sheet in a sulfuric acid solution with a concentration of 20 wt % at a bath temperature of 283K and a current density of 24 mA/cm2. -
FIG. 11 shows a microscopic image of the anodic oxide film formed on the aluminum sheet under the condition ofFIG. 10 . - Referring to
FIG. 1 , a detection device for detecting an anodic oxide film in an anodic oxidation treatment includes apower source 1, adata acquisition unit 8, adata processor unit 10, adisplay unit 11 and acontainer 14. - An
electrolyte 6, such as a solution including sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, chromic acid, and organic acid, is filled in thecontainer 14. Thecontainer 14 is received in aconstant temperature device 7 to maintain a constant anodizing temperature during the anodic oxidation treatment. Analuminum sheet 9 functions as an anode and has a bottom end extending into theelectrolyte 6 and a top end electronically connected to apositive pole 2 of thepower source 1. Analuminum post 4 functions as a cathode and has a bottom end extending into theelectrolyte 6 and a top end electronically connected to anegative pole 3 of thepower source 1. Thus thepower source 1 can supply a current to thealuminum sheet 9. Thepower source 1 can be adjusted to change a current density flowing through thealuminum sheet 9. Acalomel electrode 5 is utilized as a reference electrode. Thecalomel electrode 5 has a bottom end extending into theelectrolyte 6, and a top end connected to areference terminal 82 of thedata acquisition unit 8. Aninput terminal 81 of thedata acquisition unit 8 is connected to the top end of thealuminum sheet 9, anearth terminal 83 of thedata acquisition unit 8 is connected to the ground, and anoutput terminal 84 of thedata acquisition unit 8 is connected to aninput terminal 13 of thedata processor unit 10. Thedisplay unit 11 is connected to anoutput terminal 12 of thedata processor unit 10. - During the anodic oxidation treatment, the
power source 1 supplies the current to thealuminum sheet 9 to cause an anodic oxide film to continuously grow on thealuminum sheet 9 until reaching a quasi-steady state. A pore formation capability of the anodic oxide film can be detected during the anodic oxidation treatment according to a detecting method shown inFIG. 2 . The detecting method mainly includes the following steps: (a) obtaining different potentials U of the anodic oxide film at different anodizing times t by thedata acquisition unit 8, recording and processing the recorded potentials U and times t by thedata processing unit 10 to obtain a potential-time curve 20 and displaying the potential-time curve 20 by thedisplay unit 11 which has a potential-time coordinates; (b) differentiating the different potentials U at different times t by thedata processing unit 10 to obtain first-order differential values U′ at different times t; (c) generating a first-orderdifferential curve 21 by thedata acquisition unit 8 according to the first-order differential value U′ at different times t and displaying the first-orderdifferential curve 21 by thedisplay unit 11; and (d) judging the pore formation capability of the anodic oxide film according to a shape of the first-orderdifferential curve 21. Details of the detection method will be expatiated with specific anodic oxidation treatment examples as follows. - In one specific anodic oxidation treatment, the
electrolyte 6 is a sulfuric acid solution with a concentration of 15 wt %. Thealuminum sheet 9 is anodized in the sulfuric acid solution at a bath temperature of 293K and a current density of 15 mA/cm2. Thedata acquisition unit 8 measures the potential U of the anodic oxide film at a frequency f of 100 Hz. The potential U of the anodic oxide film is converted to digital signal and sent to thedata processor unit 10. Thedata processor unit 10 records the potential U of the anodic oxide film at the anodizing time t as U(t). Accordingly, the potential U of the anodic oxide film at the anodizing time t−1 is recorded as U(t−1), and the potential U of the anodic oxide film at the anodizing time t+1 is recorded as U(t+1). Then thedata processor unit 10 calculates the first-order differential value U′ of the potential U according to a formula of U′=[U(t)−U(t−1)]*f. Thus a potential-time curve 20 is obtained according to the potentials U of the anodic oxide film at the anodizing times t, and a first-orderdifferential curve 21 is obtained according to the first-order differential values U′ at the anodizing times t. Finally both of the potential-time curve 20 and the first-orderdifferential curve 21 are displayed on thedisplay unit 11, as shown inFIG. 3 . - The potential-
time curve 20 and the first-orderdifferential curve 21 can be divided into four segments, which correspond to four stages of the growth of the anodic oxide film, i.e., a barrier layer formation stage, a nanopore initiation and growth stage, a pore widening stage, and a quasi-steady state stage. The four stages are divided by three anodizing times, tU′max, tUmax, and tUconst. The anodizing time tU′max is the time that the first-orderdifferential curve 21 has a maximum value: U′max. The anodizing time tUmax is the time that the potential-time curve 20 has a maximum value: Umax, and at this time, the first-order differential value U′ of the potential U is zero. The anodizing time tconst is the time that the first-orderdifferential curve 21 and the potential-time curve 20 start to become straight and horizontal. In other words, from the anodizing time tconst, the potential U of the anodic oxide film is constant, the first-order differential value U′ of the potential U is zero. The barrier layer formation stage is from the start of formation of the anodic oxide film (i.e., t=0) to the anodizing time tU′max. The nanopore initiation and growth stage is from tU′max to tUmax. The pore widening stage is from tUmax to tUconst. After the anodizing time tUconst is the quasi-steady state stage. The pore formation capability of the anodic oxide film is judged according to an amount of valleys of the first-orderdifferential curve 21 in the pore widening stage. If the first-orderdifferential curve 21 has only one valley in the pore widening stage, the anodic oxide film formed on thealuminum sheet 9 is excellent. In contrast, if the first-orderdifferential curve 21 has more than one valleys in the pore widening stage, the quality of the anodic oxide film is poor. - Referring to
FIG. 3 again, in the barrier layer formation stage, the anodic oxide film initially and continuously grows on thealuminum sheet 9. The initially formed anodic oxide film significantly increases the electric resistance of thealuminum sheet 9. The potential U of the anodic oxide film increases with the increase of the electric resistance. An increasing rate of the potential U of the anodic oxide film is more and more faster, and thus the first-order differential value U′ of the potential U increases remarkably until reaching the maximum U′max. According to the first-order differential curve 21, the maximum first-order differential value U′max is about 3.96, and the anodizing time tU′max is about 2.37s. In other words, a period for the barrier layer formation stage is about 2.37s. An intersection point A of the potential-time curve 20 with a vertical line of t=tU′max is about (2.37s, 10.08V), i.e., the potential U of the anodic oxide film reaching 10.08V at the end of the barrier layer formation stage.FIG. 4 shows the anodic oxide film formed on thealuminum sheet 9 in the barrier layer formation stage at the anodizing time of about 2s, which is substantially a barrier layer consisting mainly of amorphous type oxide which is compact and free of pores. - In the nanopore initiation and growth stage, the potential U of the anodic oxide film continues to rise until reaching the maximum Umax. However, the increasing rate of the potential U of the anodic oxide film in the nanopore initiation and growth stage is slower. As shown in
FIG. 3 , the first-order differential value U′ of the potential U decreases to zero when the potential U of the anodic oxide film reaches the maximum Umax. A point B (8.51s, 25.54V) indicates the peak of the potential-time curve 20, i.e., the maximum potential Umax of the anodic oxide film is about 25.54V, and the anodizing time tUmax is about 8.51s. The nanopore initiation and growth stage is from 2.37s to 8.51s. In this stage, initially, nanopores are formed on the surface of the anodic oxide film, which result in the decrease of the first-order differential value U′ of the potential U. Then the current supplied by thepower source 1 to thealuminum sheet 9 for growing the anodic oxide film thereon functions as a pore current and an anodic oxide film formation current. The pore current increases because of growing of the nanopores, while the formation current decreases due to increase of the resistance of the anodic oxide film. Finally affected by the pore current, nanopores persistently increase in size to become pores.FIG. 5 shows the anodic oxide film formed on thealuminum sheet 9 in the nanopore initiation and growth stage at the anodizing time of about 6s, which has a plurality of pores. - In the pore widening stage, the anodic oxide film continues to growth until it reaches the quasi-steady state at the anodizing time tUconst. The pores of the anodic oxide film widen persistently and become apparent. According to the first-
order differential curve 21 and the potential-time curve 20 ofFIG. 3 , the anodizing time tUconst is about 20.08s. At the anodizing time tUconst, the potential Uconst of the anodic oxide film decreases to about 17.15V, as indicated by point C. As shown inFIG. 6 , the pores of the anodic oxide film at the anodizing time of about 12s are apparent. After the anodizing time tUconst, i.e., in the quasi-steady state stage, the potential U of the anodic oxide film is constant, being 17.15V, and thus the first-order differential value U′ of the potential U is also constant, being zero. Both of the first-order differential curve 21 and the potential-time curve 20 in the quasi-steady state stage after the anodizing time tUconst are straight and horizontal. - In the pore widening stage, the potential-
time curve 20 declines, and the potential U of the anodic oxide film decreases gradually form Umax to Uconst. The first-order differential curve 21 goes from zero to a minimum, and then lifts to zero again when the potential U of the anodic oxide film reaches Uconst. One valley is formed in the pore widening stage of the first-order differential curve 21 when the first-order differential value U′ of the potential U reaches the minimum U′min, which is indicated by point D. The time t and the minimum U′min at the point D are about 10.27s and −1.71. According to the yardstick, if the first-order differential curve 21 has only one valley in the pore widening stage, the anodic oxide film formed in this specific anodic oxidation treatment that thealuminum sheet 9 is anodized in a sulfuric acid solution of 15 wt % concentration at a bath temperature of 293K and a current density of 15 mA/cm2 has a good quality.FIG. 7 shows the pores of the anodic oxide film at the anodizing time of about 22s; it is obvious that the anodic oxide film has an excellent pore formation. -
FIG. 8 shows the potential-time curve 22 and the first-order differential curve 23 of a second specific anodic oxidation treatment. In this anodic oxidation treatment, thealuminum sheet 9 is anodized in theelectrolyte 6 with a concentration of 10 wt % at a bath temperature of 303K and a current density of 27 mA/cm2. It is obvious that the first-order differential curve 23 has two valleys in the pore widening stage, and thus the anodic oxide film is poor in quality. As shown inFIG. 9 , pitting is generated in the anodic oxide film, and thus the pore formation of the anodic oxide film is bad. -
FIG. 10 shows the potential-time curve 24 and the first-order differential curve 25 of a third specific anodic oxidation treatment. In the third specific anodic oxidation treatment, thealuminum sheet 9 is anodized in theelectrolyte 6 with a concentration of 20 wt % at a bath temperature of 283K and a current density of 24 mA/cm2. Similar toFIG. 8 , the first-order differential curve 25 inFIG. 10 has more than one valleys in the pore widening stage, and thus the anodic oxide film has a poor quality. As shown inFIG. 11 , pitting also occurs in the anodic oxide film. - It is to be understood, however, that even though numerous characteristics and advantages of the disclosure have been set forth in the foregoing description, together with details of the structure and function of the disclosure, the disclosure is illustrative only, and changes may be made in detail, especially in matters of shape, size, and arrangement of parts within the principles of the disclosure to the full extent indicated by the broad general meaning of the terms in which the appended claims are expressed.
Claims (10)
1. A method for detecting an anodic oxide film during an anodic oxidation treatment, comprising steps of:
acquiring potentials of the anodic oxide film at different anodizing times by a data acquisition unit;
calculating differential values of the potentials at the different anodizing times by a data processor unit;
generating a differential curve according to the differential values of the potentials and displaying the differential curve on the display unit; and
judging a pore formation capability of the anodic oxide film according to a shape of the differential curve.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising generating a potential-time curve according to the potentials of the anodic oxide film at the different anodizing times, and displaying the potential-time curve associated with the differential curve on the display unit.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein during a period of the anodizing times from a time when a corresponding potential of the anodic oxide film reaches a maximum to a time when a corresponding potential of the anodic oxide film starts to become constant, if only one valley is formed on the differential curve, the anodic oxide film is excellent, and if more than one valleys are formed on the differential curve, the anodic oxide film is bad.
4. A device for detecting an anodic oxide film during an anodic oxidation treatment, comprising:
a container receiving an electrolyte therein;
an aluminum article extending into the electrolyte;
a power source electrically connected to the aluminum article for supplying a current to the aluminum article to cause an anodic oxide film to grow on the aluminum article;
a data acquisition unit measuring potentials of the anodic oxide film at different times;
a data processor unit calculating differential values of the potentials at the different times; and
a display unit displaying a differential curve generated according to the differential vales of the potentials.
5. The device of claim 4 , wherein the container is received in a constant temperature device for maintaining a constant anodizing temperature during the anodic oxidation treatment.
6. The device of claim 4 , wherein the power source can be adjusted to change a current density through the aluminum article.
7. The device of claim 4 , wherein the aluminum article is connected to a positive pole of the power source, the device further comprising another aluminum article connected to a negative pole of the power source, and a calomel electrode function as a reference electrode.
8. The device of claim 7 , wherein the calomel electrode has one end extending into the electrolyte, and another end connected to a reference terminal of the data acquisition unit, an input terminal of the data acquisition unit being connected to the aluminum article, and an output terminal being connected to the data processor unit.
9. The device of claim 7 , wherein the data processor unit generates a potential-time curve according to the potentials of the anodic oxide film at the different times, and the display unit displays the potential-time curve associated with the differential curve.
10. The device of claim 4 , wherein the electrolyte is a solution including one of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, chromic acid, and organic acid.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN200810066502.9 | 2008-04-03 | ||
CNA2008100665029A CN101551352A (en) | 2008-04-03 | 2008-04-03 | Device and method for detecting whether etch holes appear on aluminum anode oxide diaphragm or not |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20090250350A1 true US20090250350A1 (en) | 2009-10-08 |
Family
ID=41132258
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/324,849 Abandoned US20090250350A1 (en) | 2008-04-03 | 2008-11-27 | Detection device and method of anodic oxide film |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20090250350A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101551352A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018183755A1 (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2018-10-04 | Lam Research Corporation | Monitoring surface oxide on seed layers during electroplating |
CN110618172A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2019-12-27 | 深圳市裕展精密科技有限公司 | Analysis method and analysis system for anodic oxidation electrolyte of titanium or titanium alloy |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102507095A (en) * | 2011-10-21 | 2012-06-20 | 昆山市达功电子厂 | Device and method for detecting pinhole of copper wire |
FR3017743B1 (en) * | 2014-02-17 | 2017-10-20 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICE AND APPARATUS AND METHODS USING SUCH APPARATUS |
CN104977336B (en) * | 2015-07-01 | 2017-10-24 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | The method and instrument of a kind of quantitative determination oxide-film microdefect |
-
2008
- 2008-04-03 CN CNA2008100665029A patent/CN101551352A/en active Pending
- 2008-11-27 US US12/324,849 patent/US20090250350A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018183755A1 (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2018-10-04 | Lam Research Corporation | Monitoring surface oxide on seed layers during electroplating |
US10443146B2 (en) | 2017-03-30 | 2019-10-15 | Lam Research Corporation | Monitoring surface oxide on seed layers during electroplating |
US11208732B2 (en) | 2017-03-30 | 2021-12-28 | Lam Research Corporation | Monitoring surface oxide on seed layers during electroplating |
CN110618172A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2019-12-27 | 深圳市裕展精密科技有限公司 | Analysis method and analysis system for anodic oxidation electrolyte of titanium or titanium alloy |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101551352A (en) | 2009-10-07 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20090250350A1 (en) | Detection device and method of anodic oxide film | |
Patake et al. | Electrodeposited ruthenium oxide thin films for supercapacitor: Effect of surface treatments | |
Nebel et al. | Visualization of oxygen consumption of single living cells by scanning electrochemical microscopy: the influence of the faradaic tip reaction | |
CN109473703A (en) | A kind of method and system for real-time monitoring all-vanadium redox flow battery electrolyte concentration | |
Liu et al. | Electrochemical stability of TiO2 nanotubes with different diameters in artificial saliva | |
Ateya et al. | On the nature of electrochemical reactions at a crack tip during hydrogen charging of a metal | |
Glud et al. | Calibration and performance of the stirred flux chamber from the benthic lander Elinor | |
Bograchev et al. | Simple model of mass transfer in template synthesis of metal ordered nanowire arrays | |
Péter et al. | On the composition depth profile of electrodeposited Fe–Co–Ni alloys | |
Zheng et al. | Hydrous–ruthenium–oxide thin film electrodes prepared by cathodic electrodeposition for supercapacitors | |
CN102233433A (en) | Micron semisphere composed of silver nano-flakes as well as preparation method and use thereof | |
JP2008038237A (en) | Method of manufacturing alumina porous structure | |
CN110411923A (en) | Marine boundary layer original position real-time monitoring device and method based on self-potential survey | |
Trivinho-Strixino et al. | Electrochemical synthesis of nanostructured materials | |
CN103698372B (en) | The evaluation method of copper-connection plating filling effect | |
Vega et al. | Influence of anodic conditions on self-ordered growth of highly aligned titanium oxide nanopores | |
Hoar | The electrochemistry of protective metallic coatings | |
CN204142965U (en) | A kind of non-polarizing electrode | |
CN107541768A (en) | A kind of electrolytic polishing liquid and electrolytic polishing method for being used to prepare magnesium alloy EBSD samples | |
CN105836698A (en) | Preparation method of gold-titanium dioxide composite nano-tube array and gold nano-tube array electrode | |
Icenhower et al. | Use of the Potential‐Step Method to Measure Surface Oxides | |
Graham et al. | Formation of a porous alumina electrode as a low-cost CMOS neuronal interface | |
Tebbakh et al. | Electrochemical nucleation behaviours and properties of electrodeposited Co–Ni alloy thin films | |
Sahari et al. | Electrochemical study of cobalt nucleation mechanisms on different metallic substrates | |
Liang et al. | Study on the formation micromechanism of TiO2 nanotubes on pure titanium and the role of fluoride ions in electrolyte solutions |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: FOXCONN TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD., TAIWAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:WEI, PAI-SHENG;CHANG, CHIA-SHOU;REEL/FRAME:021898/0226 Effective date: 20081119 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |