US20090217538A1 - Gauge for determining angle of sloped ground and method of using same - Google Patents
Gauge for determining angle of sloped ground and method of using same Download PDFInfo
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- US20090217538A1 US20090217538A1 US12/074,075 US7407508A US2009217538A1 US 20090217538 A1 US20090217538 A1 US 20090217538A1 US 7407508 A US7407508 A US 7407508A US 2009217538 A1 US2009217538 A1 US 2009217538A1
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- slope
- gauge
- positioning indicia
- radial lines
- determining
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C9/00—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels
- G01C9/02—Details
Definitions
- This invention relates to a gauge for determining the angle of sloped ground, and in particular for determining this angle with a hand-held gauge.
- Inclinometers can be used to measure excavation slopes but they have inherent problems. Inclinometers will only measure the angle of a small portion of a slope. However, ground slopes by their nature are uneven. As a result, with an inclinometer it is necessary to take multiple measurements while standing on the slope and then average them.
- the subject invention provides a hand-held gauge for determining the angle of sloped ground.
- the gauge comprises a panel having a transparent window through which the user can view the sloped surface.
- the panel includes a spatial reference which allows the gauge to be properly oriented relative to the horizontal or vertical.
- the window has a positioning indicia inscribed on it and a plurality of lines radiate outwardly from the positioning indicia at specific angles with respect to the spatial reference.
- a user holds the gauge so that the slope can be viewed through the window and the gauge is oriented such that the spatial reference indicates that the gauge is aligned horizontally or vertically and the positioning indicia overlies a point on the slope. The viewer can then determine which of the lines overlies the slope, and as a result, the angle of the slope.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a gauge for determining angles of sloped ground embodying the subject invention.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the gauge held over an excavation in a manner in which the angle of the slope on both sides of the excavation can be measured.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view similar to FIG. 2 except that the gauge is oriented to measure the slope on only one side of an excavation.
- FIG. 4 is an elevation view showing the gauge held over an image of an excavation being displayed on a monitor.
- FIG. 5 is an elevation view showing the gauge overlying a photograph of an excavation.
- a gauge 10 is used for determining the angle of sloped ground.
- the gauge comprises a panel 12 which is arranged to be held in a user's hand, FIGS. 2 and 3 , and has a transparent window 14 which the user can see through.
- the entire panel 12 is transparent and preferably is made from a thin sheet of plastic, such as polycarbonate. The sheet needs to only be thick enough to be self-supporting. If desired those portions of the panel 12 that are not encompassed by the window 14 can be non-transparent and can be thicker than the window.
- the gauge when in use the gauge needs to first be oriented relative to the horizontal or vertical. Accordingly, associated with the panel is a spatial reference which allows the panel to be properly oriented. This could be a line 16 which is inscribed in the window or an edge 18 of the window. This line or edge is aligned with a surface on the ground that is horizontal or vertical, or nearly horizontal or vertical. If it is desired to have more accuracy in orienting the panel a level, such as the bubble inclinometer 20 illustrated, it can be placed on the panel.
- a positioning indicia which in the embodiment illustrated is a small dot 22 . If the window is the only portion of the panel that is transparent the positioning indicia preferably would be located on the window 14 , but it could be located on a non-transparent portion of the panel adjacent to the window. In the embodiment illustrated the positioning indicia is located near the bottom of the window generally at the horizontal center of the window. Also located on the window 14 are a series of lines 24 which project outwardly from the positioning indicia 22 . The lines 24 are oriented at selected angles with respect to horizontal. The angles correspond to the angles specified in standards for ground slopes for surfaces such as the sides of a specific type of excavation, cut for roadway, slope of landscape area, etc. If desired a description 25 of the particular standard can be inscribed next to each line 24 . Each line 24 can be of a different color so that a particular standard can readily be identified for comparing a slope against.
- the lines 24 are arranged in pairs with one line in each pair radiating from the positioning indicia in each direction. This allows measuring both right and left side slopes of an excavation at the same time.
- a protractor 26 can be inscribed on the window 14 .
- the protractor preferably extends 90 degrees from both sides of the horizontal spatial reference line 16 .
- Both the horizontal and vertical spatial reference lines preferably pass through the positioning indicia 22 .
- the various materials are printed on the window but they could be etched in the plastic, applied as a decal or any other method for accomplishing this.
- the gauge is used by holding it in front of the user, FIGS. 2 and 3 .
- the spatial reference is used to orient the gauge. If a single slope is being measured, the gauge is positioned such that the positioning indicia 22 appears to be located on that slope, FIG. 3 . If the gauge is being used to simultaneously measure the slope on both sides of an excavation, it is positioned such that the positioning indicia appears to be located at the center of the excavation, FIG. 2 . In either case the line 24 that appears to be at a right angle ⁇ with the top of the excavation is the line that indicates the angle of the slope. If desired, an object 28 , such as a rope or the ladder shown in FIG. 4 , can be placed on the slope to increase the accuracy of the gauge.
- the user would be standing at the top of the slope, particularly with a narrow excavation which possibly could cave in and would be difficult to enter. Because the user is above the bottom of the slope and the positioning indicia is placed at the bottom of the slope, there is a slight amount of parallax and the lines may not provide the exact angle of the slope. It has been found, however, that this normally results in the slope being slightly less than indicated which means that the slope will normally be within the standard associated with that line. In a more open excavation or one with a shallower slope the user could stand at the bottom of the excavation.
- the gauge can be used many other ways.
- the user can be sitting in a vehicle or piece of construction equipment, or the gauge can be attached to the vehicle or equipment.
- the gauge can even be used under water by a diver.
- Equipment, pipes, fencing, etc. located on or projecting into the view of the slope do not prevent the gauge from being used. All that is necessary is that the user can view enough of the slope to make a measurement.
- the gauge 10 can also be used to measure the angle of a slope off-site. Referring to FIG. 4 , one way of doing this is to lay the gauge over a monitor 30 which is displaying an image of the slope. The gauge is aligned and read much the same way as it is when it is used in the field. Referring to FIG. 5 , another way of measuring a slope off-site is to lay the gauge over a photograph 32 of the slope. Again the gauge is aligned and read much the same way as it is when it is used in the field.
- the gauge 10 also can be oriented as described above to determine the angle of a slope and a photograph can be taken of the gauge, showing the slope and the angle. This photograph then can be used to commemorate that the slope has been measured.
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- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Length-Measuring Instruments Using Mechanical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to a gauge for determining the angle of sloped ground, and in particular for determining this angle with a hand-held gauge.
- When a construction project creates a sloped section of ground the permissible angle of the slope relative to the horizontal or vertical is established by one or more standards in order to prevent cave-in. However, unless a surveyor is on site it is difficult to determine whether the angle of the slope falls within the applicable standard. Where the sloped sides are steep, the problem of determining the angles of the sloped sides is even more difficult because a person cannot stand on the sloped side walls without fear of causing a cave-in. In many types of excavation it is even dangerous to stand at the bottom of the excavation.
- Inclinometers can be used to measure excavation slopes but they have inherent problems. Inclinometers will only measure the angle of a small portion of a slope. However, ground slopes by their nature are uneven. As a result, with an inclinometer it is necessary to take multiple measurements while standing on the slope and then average them.
- The subject invention provides a hand-held gauge for determining the angle of sloped ground. The gauge comprises a panel having a transparent window through which the user can view the sloped surface. The panel includes a spatial reference which allows the gauge to be properly oriented relative to the horizontal or vertical. The window has a positioning indicia inscribed on it and a plurality of lines radiate outwardly from the positioning indicia at specific angles with respect to the spatial reference. A user holds the gauge so that the slope can be viewed through the window and the gauge is oriented such that the spatial reference indicates that the gauge is aligned horizontally or vertically and the positioning indicia overlies a point on the slope. The viewer can then determine which of the lines overlies the slope, and as a result, the angle of the slope.
- The foregoing and other objectives, features, and advantages of the invention will be more readily understood upon consideration of the following detailed description of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
-
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a gauge for determining angles of sloped ground embodying the subject invention. -
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the gauge held over an excavation in a manner in which the angle of the slope on both sides of the excavation can be measured. -
FIG. 3 is a perspective view similar toFIG. 2 except that the gauge is oriented to measure the slope on only one side of an excavation. -
FIG. 4 is an elevation view showing the gauge held over an image of an excavation being displayed on a monitor. -
FIG. 5 is an elevation view showing the gauge overlying a photograph of an excavation. - Referring now to the drawings, a
gauge 10 is used for determining the angle of sloped ground. The gauge comprises apanel 12 which is arranged to be held in a user's hand,FIGS. 2 and 3 , and has atransparent window 14 which the user can see through. In the embodiment illustrated theentire panel 12 is transparent and preferably is made from a thin sheet of plastic, such as polycarbonate. The sheet needs to only be thick enough to be self-supporting. If desired those portions of thepanel 12 that are not encompassed by thewindow 14 can be non-transparent and can be thicker than the window. - As will be more fully explained later, when in use the gauge needs to first be oriented relative to the horizontal or vertical. Accordingly, associated with the panel is a spatial reference which allows the panel to be properly oriented. This could be a
line 16 which is inscribed in the window or anedge 18 of the window. This line or edge is aligned with a surface on the ground that is horizontal or vertical, or nearly horizontal or vertical. If it is desired to have more accuracy in orienting the panel a level, such as thebubble inclinometer 20 illustrated, it can be placed on the panel. - Located on the panel is a positioning indicia, which in the embodiment illustrated is a
small dot 22. If the window is the only portion of the panel that is transparent the positioning indicia preferably would be located on thewindow 14, but it could be located on a non-transparent portion of the panel adjacent to the window. In the embodiment illustrated the positioning indicia is located near the bottom of the window generally at the horizontal center of the window. Also located on thewindow 14 are a series oflines 24 which project outwardly from thepositioning indicia 22. Thelines 24 are oriented at selected angles with respect to horizontal. The angles correspond to the angles specified in standards for ground slopes for surfaces such as the sides of a specific type of excavation, cut for roadway, slope of landscape area, etc. If desired adescription 25 of the particular standard can be inscribed next to eachline 24. Eachline 24 can be of a different color so that a particular standard can readily be identified for comparing a slope against. - Preferably the
lines 24 are arranged in pairs with one line in each pair radiating from the positioning indicia in each direction. This allows measuring both right and left side slopes of an excavation at the same time. If desired aprotractor 26 can be inscribed on thewindow 14. The protractor preferably extends 90 degrees from both sides of the horizontalspatial reference line 16. Both the horizontal and vertical spatial reference lines preferably pass through thepositioning indicia 22. In the preferred embodiment the various materials are printed on the window but they could be etched in the plastic, applied as a decal or any other method for accomplishing this. - The gauge is used by holding it in front of the user,
FIGS. 2 and 3 . The spatial reference is used to orient the gauge. If a single slope is being measured, the gauge is positioned such that thepositioning indicia 22 appears to be located on that slope,FIG. 3 . If the gauge is being used to simultaneously measure the slope on both sides of an excavation, it is positioned such that the positioning indicia appears to be located at the center of the excavation,FIG. 2 . In either case theline 24 that appears to be at a right angle α with the top of the excavation is the line that indicates the angle of the slope. If desired, anobject 28, such as a rope or the ladder shown inFIG. 4 , can be placed on the slope to increase the accuracy of the gauge. - Typically the user would be standing at the top of the slope, particularly with a narrow excavation which possibly could cave in and would be difficult to enter. Because the user is above the bottom of the slope and the positioning indicia is placed at the bottom of the slope, there is a slight amount of parallax and the lines may not provide the exact angle of the slope. It has been found, however, that this normally results in the slope being slightly less than indicated which means that the slope will normally be within the standard associated with that line. In a more open excavation or one with a shallower slope the user could stand at the bottom of the excavation.
- While the foregoing refers to the gauge being used by a person standing, the gauge can be used many other ways. The user can be sitting in a vehicle or piece of construction equipment, or the gauge can be attached to the vehicle or equipment. The gauge can even be used under water by a diver. In addition it is not necessary for the user to have a completely clear line of sight to the slope being measured. Equipment, pipes, fencing, etc. located on or projecting into the view of the slope do not prevent the gauge from being used. All that is necessary is that the user can view enough of the slope to make a measurement.
- The
gauge 10 can also be used to measure the angle of a slope off-site. Referring toFIG. 4 , one way of doing this is to lay the gauge over amonitor 30 which is displaying an image of the slope. The gauge is aligned and read much the same way as it is when it is used in the field. Referring toFIG. 5 , another way of measuring a slope off-site is to lay the gauge over aphotograph 32 of the slope. Again the gauge is aligned and read much the same way as it is when it is used in the field. - The
gauge 10 also can be oriented as described above to determine the angle of a slope and a photograph can be taken of the gauge, showing the slope and the angle. This photograph then can be used to commemorate that the slope has been measured. - The terms and expressions which have been employed in the foregoing specification are used therein as terms of description and not of limitation, and there is no intention, in the use of such terms and expressions, of excluding equivalents of the features shown and described or portions thereof, it being recognized that the scope of the invention is defined and limited only by the claims which follow.
Claims (23)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US12/074,075 US7591079B1 (en) | 2008-02-28 | 2008-02-28 | Gauge for determining angle of sloped ground and method of using same |
US12/584,406 US7891107B2 (en) | 2008-02-28 | 2009-09-04 | Gauge for determining angle of sloped ground and method of using same |
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US12/074,075 US7591079B1 (en) | 2008-02-28 | 2008-02-28 | Gauge for determining angle of sloped ground and method of using same |
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US12/584,406 Continuation-In-Part US7891107B2 (en) | 2008-02-28 | 2009-09-04 | Gauge for determining angle of sloped ground and method of using same |
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US20090217538A1 true US20090217538A1 (en) | 2009-09-03 |
US7591079B1 US7591079B1 (en) | 2009-09-22 |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110904797A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-03-24 | 青岛农业大学 | Civil engineering construction land slope measuring equipment |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US7891107B2 (en) * | 2008-02-28 | 2011-02-22 | Marcum Timothy J | Gauge for determining angle of sloped ground and method of using same |
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CN110904797A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-03-24 | 青岛农业大学 | Civil engineering construction land slope measuring equipment |
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US7591079B1 (en) | 2009-09-22 |
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