US20090168937A1 - Rf receiver having timing offset recovery function and timing offset recovery method using thereof - Google Patents
Rf receiver having timing offset recovery function and timing offset recovery method using thereof Download PDFInfo
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- US20090168937A1 US20090168937A1 US12/137,463 US13746308A US2009168937A1 US 20090168937 A1 US20090168937 A1 US 20090168937A1 US 13746308 A US13746308 A US 13746308A US 2009168937 A1 US2009168937 A1 US 2009168937A1
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- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000010267 cellular communication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L7/00—Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter
- H04L7/04—Speed or phase control by synchronisation signals
- H04L7/041—Speed or phase control by synchronisation signals using special codes as synchronising signal
- H04L7/043—Pseudo-noise [PN] codes variable during transmission
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/06—Receivers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
- H04B1/7073—Synchronisation aspects
- H04B1/7075—Synchronisation aspects with code phase acquisition
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an RF receiver, and more particularly, to an RF receiver recovering timing offset by shifting determination slots in response to timing offset in response to when sampling a signal.
- WLAN wireless personal area networks
- RFID radio frequency identification
- the WPAN and USN require a reduction in size, low cost, and low power consumption as well as communication performance. Therefore, it is difficult to directly apply high performance and high cost components used in the general cellular communication systems or the general wireless personal area networks to the above-described wireless communication systems.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration view illustrating an RF receiver used in a wireless personal area network according to the related art.
- an RF receiver 10 includes a preprocessing unit 11 , a differential operation unit 12 , a correlation unit 13 , and a demodulation value estimation unit 14 .
- the preprocessing unit 11 samples and digitalizes an analog received signal.
- the differentiation unit 12 delays the digitalized received signal and differentiates the delayed signals.
- the correlation unit 13 correlates 16 code sequences with the differentiated signals and sequentially outputs correlation values.
- the demodulation value estimation unit 14 detects a maximum value among the correlation values and determines a PN code sequence corresponding to the detected maximum value as a symbol of the received signal.
- timing offset occurring when the analog received signal is sampled is reflected in output time of the correlation values.
- the timing offset is continuously reflected in the correlation values. Therefore, the RF receiver 10 determines a wrong PN code sequence but not the PD code sequence corresponding to the maximum value as a symbol of the received signal according to the related art, which may cause a reception error.
- An aspect of the present invention provides an RF receiver having a timing offset recovery function by shifting determination slots according to offset in a sample signal that occurs when the signal is sampled and a timing offset recovery method using the same.
- an RF receiver having timing offset recovery function
- the RF receiver including: a preprocessing unit sampling and digitalizing an analog received signal; a differential operation unit delaying the digitalized received signal from the preprocessing unit for predetermined periods of time and differentiating the delayed signals; a correlation unit correlating the differentiated received signals from the differential operation unit with a plurality of predetermined PN code sequences and sequentially outputting correlation values; a setting unit sequentially storing the correlation values from the correlation unit, detecting a maximum value among the stored correlation values, and shifting a plurality of determination slots by a difference between a storage location of the detected maximum value and a reference storage location; and a demodulation value estimation unit estimating as a demodulation value of the received signal, a symbol of a PN code sequence corresponding to the maximum value from the shifted determination slots.
- the setting unit may include: a shift register storing a plurality of storage locations, shifting the correlation values from the correlation unit, and sequentially storing the shifted correlation values at the storage locations; a detector including the plurality of determination slots each of which takes charge of a number of storage locations of the plurality of storage locations and detecting a storage location of the maximum value among the correlation values from the plurality of determination slots; and a slot setter comparing the storage location of the maximum value from the detector with the predetermined reference storage location and shifting the determination slots by a difference therebetween.
- the number of storage locations of the shift register may be determined according to the sampling frequency of the preprocessing unit.
- a timing offset recovery method using an RF receiver including: sampling and digitalizing an analog received signal; delaying the digitalized received signal for predetermined periods of time and differentiating the delayed received signals; correlating the differentiated received signals with a plurality of predetermined PN code sequences and sequentially outputting correlation values; sequentially storing the correlation values and detecting a maximum value among the stored correlation values to shift a plurality of determination slots by a difference between a storage location of the detected maximum value with a predetermined reference storage location; and estimating as a demodulation value of the received signal, a symbol of a PN code sequence corresponding to the maximum value from the shifted determination slots.
- the shifting determination slots may include: shifting the correlation values from the correlation unit and sequentially storing the shifted correlation values in a shift register including a plurality of storage locations; detecting the storage location of the maximum value among the correlation values from the plurality of determination slots each of which takes charge of a number of storage locations of the plurality of storage locations; and comparing the storage location of the maximum value with the predetermined reference storage location and shifting the determination slots by a difference therebetween.
- the number of storage locations of the shift register may be determined according to the sampling frequency of the analog received signal.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration view illustrating an RF receiver according to the related art
- FIG. 2 is a configuration view illustrating an RF receiver according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a detailed configuration view illustrating a setting unit used in the RF receiver according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a timing offset recovery method according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration view illustrating an RF receiver according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- an RF receiver 100 may include a preprocessing unit 110 , a differential operation unit 120 , a correlation unit 130 , a setting unit 140 , and a demodulation value estimation unit 150 .
- the preprocessing unit 110 receives an RF signal from an antenna according to a predetermined frequency and converts the RF signal into a digital signal.
- the digital signal may be a base-band signal obtained by converting the RF signal into an IF signal and sampling the IF signal according to the frequency.
- the differential operation unit 120 delays the digital signal from the preprocessing unit 110 for predetermined periods of time and multiplies the delayed signals by a currently received signal to obtain differentiated received signals.
- the correlation unit 130 correlates the differentiated received signals from the differential operation unit 120 with a plurality of PN code sequences and sequentially outputs correlation values.
- the correlation unit 130 calculates symbol synchronization and packet synchronization by using the received signal differentiated by a minimum delay amount among the differentiated received signals from the differential operation unit 120 to determine a correction time.
- the setting unit 140 sequentially stores the correlation values from the correlation unit 130 , detects a maximum value among the stored correlation values, compares a storage location of the detected maximum value with a predetermined reference storage location, and shifts a determination slot by a difference therebetween, thereby recovering the timing offset occurring during the sampling operation.
- the demodulation value estimation unit 150 estimates as a symbol of the received signal, the PN code sequence corresponding to the maximum correlation value detected by the setting unit 140 .
- FIG. 3 is a detailed configuration view illustrating the setting unit 140 used in the RF receiver 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the setting unit 140 includes a shift register 141 , a detector 142 , and a slot setter 143 .
- the shift register 141 has a plurality of predetermined storage locations.
- the shift resistor 141 sequentially shifts the correlation values from the correlation unit 130 to the right and stores the shifted correlation values at the storage locations.
- the detector 142 includes a plurality of determination slots each of which takes charge of a number of storage locations of the plurality of storage locations of the shift register 141 and detects the maximum correlation value among the correlation values.
- one determination slot takes charge of eight storage locations, and thus there may be eight determination slots.
- the slot setter 143 compares the storage location of the maximum value detected by the detector 142 with a predetermined reference storage location and shifts the determination slot according to a difference therebetween.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method of recovering timing offset according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- an analog received signal is sampled according to a predetermined frequency and digitalized by the preprocessing unit 110 (S 10 ).
- the differential operation unit 120 delays the digitalized received signal for predetermined periods of time and multiplies the delayed signals by a received signal currently transmitted from the preprocessing unit 110 to differentiate the delayed received signals (S 20 ).
- the differentiated received signals are transmitted to the correlation unit 130 , and the correlation unit 130 sequentially stores samples of the differentiated received signals with a plurality of PN code sequences, correlates the stored samples with the plurality of PN codes sequences, and sequentially outputs the correlation values (S 30 ).
- the plurality of PN code sequences may be 16 PN code sequences.
- the sequentially output correlation values are transmitted to the setting unit 140 .
- the setting unit 140 shifts the sequentially output correlation values to the right and sequentially stores the shifted correlation values in the shift register 141 having the plurality of storage locations.
- the number of storage locations of the shift register 141 is determined according to the sampling frequency of the preprocessing unit 110 .
- the shift register 141 may have 64 storage locations.
- the detector 142 includes the plurality of determination slots each of which takes charge of a number of storage locations of the plurality of storage locations of the shift register 141 .
- the RF receiver may set eight determination slots. Each of the determination slots may take charge of eight determination slots. That is, the first determination slot may take charge of first to eight storage locations, and the second determination slot may take charge of ninth to sixteenth storage locations. In the same manner, the storage locations of the third to eighth determination slots can be set.
- the detector 142 detects the maximum value among the correlation values storage stored at the storage locations of the shift register 141 .
- the slot setter 143 determines whether the storage location of the maximum value detected by the detector 142 is equal to a predetermined storage location (S 40 ), and shifts the determination slot by a distance therebetween (S 50 ).
- the slot setter 143 determines the fourth or fifth storage location as a reference storage location and shifts the determination slot by a distance between the storage location of the detected maximum value and the reference storage location. For example, when the maximum correlation value is detected at the third storage location in the first determination slot, the storage locations that are taken charge of by the first determination slot may be shifted from the first to eight storage locations to sixty-fourth to seventh storage locations. Therefore, the storage location of the maximum value is shifted to the reference storage location. Therefore, even though timing offset occurs, the determination slots are shifted to recover the timing offset and prevent generation of an error.
- the demodulation value estimation unit 150 estimates a symbol of the PN code sequence corresponding to the detected maximum value as a demodulation value of the received signal. That is, the PN code sequence includes 16 symbols. Each of the first to eighth symbols and each of the ninth to sixteenth symbols are applied to a determination slot in which the maximum value is detected. A symbol may be estimated as a demodulation value according to the sign + or ⁇ of the maximum value.
- the first and ninth symbols are applied.
- the maximum value is positive (+)
- the first symbol may be estimated as a demodulation value of the received signal
- the maximum value is negative ( ⁇ )
- the ninth symbol may be estimated as a demodulation value of the received signal.
Abstract
Description
- This application claims the priority of Korean Patent Application No. 2007-0140715 filed on Dec. 28, 2007, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to an RF receiver, and more particularly, to an RF receiver recovering timing offset by shifting determination slots in response to timing offset in response to when sampling a signal.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- Recently, a ubiquitous communication environment that allows users to access networks from anywhere at anytime has been proposed. A study on small-scale wireless communication systems, wireless personal area networks (WPAN), ubiquitous sensor networks (USN), radio frequency identification (RFID), and the like rather than cellular networks and large-scale communication networks, has been actively made.
- Among the above-described communication systems, the WPAN and USN require a reduction in size, low cost, and low power consumption as well as communication performance. Therefore, it is difficult to directly apply high performance and high cost components used in the general cellular communication systems or the general wireless personal area networks to the above-described wireless communication systems.
- On the other hand, when cheap components are used to reduce costs, great frequency error or phase error may occur. Therefore, there is a need to find out a solution to this problem.
- Hereinafter, an RF receiver used in the wireless personal area network according to the related art will be described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
-
FIG. 1 is a configuration view illustrating an RF receiver used in a wireless personal area network according to the related art. - Referring to
FIG. 1 , anRF receiver 10 according to the related art includes a preprocessingunit 11, adifferential operation unit 12, acorrelation unit 13, and a demodulationvalue estimation unit 14. The preprocessingunit 11 samples and digitalizes an analog received signal. Thedifferentiation unit 12 delays the digitalized received signal and differentiates the delayed signals. Thecorrelation unit 13 correlates 16 code sequences with the differentiated signals and sequentially outputs correlation values. The demodulationvalue estimation unit 14 detects a maximum value among the correlation values and determines a PN code sequence corresponding to the detected maximum value as a symbol of the received signal. - In the above-described
RF receiver 10 according to the related art, timing offset occurring when the analog received signal is sampled is reflected in output time of the correlation values. When the correlation values are sequentially output, the timing offset is continuously reflected in the correlation values. Therefore, theRF receiver 10 determines a wrong PN code sequence but not the PD code sequence corresponding to the maximum value as a symbol of the received signal according to the related art, which may cause a reception error. - An aspect of the present invention provides an RF receiver having a timing offset recovery function by shifting determination slots according to offset in a sample signal that occurs when the signal is sampled and a timing offset recovery method using the same.
- According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an RF receiver having timing offset recovery function, the RF receiver including: a preprocessing unit sampling and digitalizing an analog received signal; a differential operation unit delaying the digitalized received signal from the preprocessing unit for predetermined periods of time and differentiating the delayed signals; a correlation unit correlating the differentiated received signals from the differential operation unit with a plurality of predetermined PN code sequences and sequentially outputting correlation values; a setting unit sequentially storing the correlation values from the correlation unit, detecting a maximum value among the stored correlation values, and shifting a plurality of determination slots by a difference between a storage location of the detected maximum value and a reference storage location; and a demodulation value estimation unit estimating as a demodulation value of the received signal, a symbol of a PN code sequence corresponding to the maximum value from the shifted determination slots.
- The setting unit may include: a shift register storing a plurality of storage locations, shifting the correlation values from the correlation unit, and sequentially storing the shifted correlation values at the storage locations; a detector including the plurality of determination slots each of which takes charge of a number of storage locations of the plurality of storage locations and detecting a storage location of the maximum value among the correlation values from the plurality of determination slots; and a slot setter comparing the storage location of the maximum value from the detector with the predetermined reference storage location and shifting the determination slots by a difference therebetween.
- The number of storage locations of the shift register may be determined according to the sampling frequency of the preprocessing unit.
- According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a timing offset recovery method using an RF receiver, the method including: sampling and digitalizing an analog received signal; delaying the digitalized received signal for predetermined periods of time and differentiating the delayed received signals; correlating the differentiated received signals with a plurality of predetermined PN code sequences and sequentially outputting correlation values; sequentially storing the correlation values and detecting a maximum value among the stored correlation values to shift a plurality of determination slots by a difference between a storage location of the detected maximum value with a predetermined reference storage location; and estimating as a demodulation value of the received signal, a symbol of a PN code sequence corresponding to the maximum value from the shifted determination slots.
- The shifting determination slots may include: shifting the correlation values from the correlation unit and sequentially storing the shifted correlation values in a shift register including a plurality of storage locations; detecting the storage location of the maximum value among the correlation values from the plurality of determination slots each of which takes charge of a number of storage locations of the plurality of storage locations; and comparing the storage location of the maximum value with the predetermined reference storage location and shifting the determination slots by a difference therebetween.
- The number of storage locations of the shift register may be determined according to the sampling frequency of the analog received signal.
- The above and other aspects, features and other advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
-
FIG. 1 is a configuration view illustrating an RF receiver according to the related art; -
FIG. 2 is a configuration view illustrating an RF receiver according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 3 is a detailed configuration view illustrating a setting unit used in the RF receiver according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention; and -
FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a timing offset recovery method according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. - Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
-
FIG. 2 is a configuration view illustrating an RF receiver according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. - Referring to
FIG. 2 , anRF receiver 100 according to an embodiment of the invention may include a preprocessingunit 110, adifferential operation unit 120, acorrelation unit 130, asetting unit 140, and a demodulationvalue estimation unit 150. - The preprocessing
unit 110 receives an RF signal from an antenna according to a predetermined frequency and converts the RF signal into a digital signal. Here, the digital signal may be a base-band signal obtained by converting the RF signal into an IF signal and sampling the IF signal according to the frequency. - The
differential operation unit 120 delays the digital signal from the preprocessingunit 110 for predetermined periods of time and multiplies the delayed signals by a currently received signal to obtain differentiated received signals. - The
correlation unit 130 correlates the differentiated received signals from thedifferential operation unit 120 with a plurality of PN code sequences and sequentially outputs correlation values. Thecorrelation unit 130 calculates symbol synchronization and packet synchronization by using the received signal differentiated by a minimum delay amount among the differentiated received signals from thedifferential operation unit 120 to determine a correction time. - The
setting unit 140 sequentially stores the correlation values from thecorrelation unit 130, detects a maximum value among the stored correlation values, compares a storage location of the detected maximum value with a predetermined reference storage location, and shifts a determination slot by a difference therebetween, thereby recovering the timing offset occurring during the sampling operation. - The demodulation
value estimation unit 150 estimates as a symbol of the received signal, the PN code sequence corresponding to the maximum correlation value detected by thesetting unit 140. - Hereinafter, the
setting unit 140 will be described in detail with reference toFIG. 3 . -
FIG. 3 is a detailed configuration view illustrating thesetting unit 140 used in theRF receiver 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention. - Referring to
FIG. 3 , thesetting unit 140 includes ashift register 141, adetector 142, and aslot setter 143. - The
shift register 141 has a plurality of predetermined storage locations. Theshift resistor 141 sequentially shifts the correlation values from thecorrelation unit 130 to the right and stores the shifted correlation values at the storage locations. - The
detector 142 includes a plurality of determination slots each of which takes charge of a number of storage locations of the plurality of storage locations of theshift register 141 and detects the maximum correlation value among the correlation values. - For example, when the
shift register 141 has 64 storage locations from a first storage location to a sixty-fourth storage location according to the sampling frequency of the preprocessingunit 110, one determination slot takes charge of eight storage locations, and thus there may be eight determination slots. - The
slot setter 143 compares the storage location of the maximum value detected by thedetector 142 with a predetermined reference storage location and shifts the determination slot according to a difference therebetween. - Hereinafter, the operation and effect of the present invention will be described in detail.
-
FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method of recovering timing offset according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. - Referring to
FIGS. 2 , 3, and 4, an analog received signal is sampled according to a predetermined frequency and digitalized by the preprocessing unit 110 (S10). - Then, the digitalized received signal is transmitted to the
differential operation unit 120. Thedifferential operation unit 120 delays the digitalized received signal for predetermined periods of time and multiplies the delayed signals by a received signal currently transmitted from the preprocessingunit 110 to differentiate the delayed received signals (S20). - Then, the differentiated received signals are transmitted to the
correlation unit 130, and thecorrelation unit 130 sequentially stores samples of the differentiated received signals with a plurality of PN code sequences, correlates the stored samples with the plurality of PN codes sequences, and sequentially outputs the correlation values (S30). When the RF receiver according to the embodiment of the invention is applied to Zigbee, the plurality of PN code sequences may be 16 PN code sequences. - The sequentially output correlation values are transmitted to the
setting unit 140. Thesetting unit 140 shifts the sequentially output correlation values to the right and sequentially stores the shifted correlation values in theshift register 141 having the plurality of storage locations. The number of storage locations of theshift register 141 is determined according to the sampling frequency of thepreprocessing unit 110. When theRF receiver 100 according to the embodiment of the invention is applied to Zigbee, theshift register 141 may have 64 storage locations. - The
detector 142 includes the plurality of determination slots each of which takes charge of a number of storage locations of the plurality of storage locations of theshift register 141. The RF receiver according to the embodiment of the invention may set eight determination slots. Each of the determination slots may take charge of eight determination slots. That is, the first determination slot may take charge of first to eight storage locations, and the second determination slot may take charge of ninth to sixteenth storage locations. In the same manner, the storage locations of the third to eighth determination slots can be set. - Then, the
detector 142 detects the maximum value among the correlation values storage stored at the storage locations of theshift register 141. - Then, the
slot setter 143 determines whether the storage location of the maximum value detected by thedetector 142 is equal to a predetermined storage location (S40), and shifts the determination slot by a distance therebetween (S50). - That is, when the maximum value is detected in the first determination slot, the storage location of the maximum value should be at the fourth or fifth storage location when there is no timing offset. However, when the timing offset occurs, the storage location of the maximum value may be at the second storage location, the seventh storage location, or any storage location, but not the fourth or fifth storage location. Therefore, the
slot setter 143 determines the fourth or fifth storage location as a reference storage location and shifts the determination slot by a distance between the storage location of the detected maximum value and the reference storage location. For example, when the maximum correlation value is detected at the third storage location in the first determination slot, the storage locations that are taken charge of by the first determination slot may be shifted from the first to eight storage locations to sixty-fourth to seventh storage locations. Therefore, the storage location of the maximum value is shifted to the reference storage location. Therefore, even though timing offset occurs, the determination slots are shifted to recover the timing offset and prevent generation of an error. - The demodulation
value estimation unit 150 estimates a symbol of the PN code sequence corresponding to the detected maximum value as a demodulation value of the received signal. That is, the PN code sequence includes 16 symbols. Each of the first to eighth symbols and each of the ninth to sixteenth symbols are applied to a determination slot in which the maximum value is detected. A symbol may be estimated as a demodulation value according to the sign + or − of the maximum value. - For example, when the maximum value is detected in the first determination slot, the first and ninth symbols are applied. Here, when the maximum value is positive (+), the first symbol may be estimated as a demodulation value of the received signal, and when the maximum value is negative (−), the ninth symbol may be estimated as a demodulation value of the received signal.
- As set forth above, according to the exemplary embodiments of the invention, it is possible to accurately demodulate a received signal by determining an accurate symbol of the received signal without using an additional complex circuit by shifting determination slots according to offset in a sample signal, which occurs when the signal is sampled, to recover the timing offset.
- While the present invention has been shown and described in connection with the exemplary embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
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KR1020070140715A KR100946079B1 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2007-12-28 | Rf receiver having timming offset recovery fuction and timming offset recovery method using thereof |
KR10-2007-140715 | 2007-12-28 |
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US8184742B2 (en) | 2012-05-22 |
KR100946079B1 (en) | 2010-03-10 |
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