US20090116910A1 - Piling apparatus and method of installation - Google Patents
Piling apparatus and method of installation Download PDFInfo
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- US20090116910A1 US20090116910A1 US12/317,353 US31735308A US2009116910A1 US 20090116910 A1 US20090116910 A1 US 20090116910A1 US 31735308 A US31735308 A US 31735308A US 2009116910 A1 US2009116910 A1 US 2009116910A1
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- pile
- section
- sections
- anchor
- end portion
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000879777 Lynx rufus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000002925 dental caries Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010006 flight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
- E02D5/38—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/52—Piles composed of separable parts, e.g. telescopic tubes ; Piles composed of segments
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/54—Piles with prefabricated supports or anchoring parts; Anchoring piles
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/72—Pile shoes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
- E02D7/28—Placing of hollow pipes or mould pipes by means arranged inside the piles or pipes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Abstract
An in-situ pile apparatus 10 includes a helical anchor to which a plurality of elongated generally cylindrically shaped sections can be added. Each of the sections has a specially shaped end portion for connecting to another section. An internal drive is positioned in sections inside the bore of each of the connectable pile sections. The internal drive includes enlarged sections that fit at the joint between pile sections. In one embodiment, the internal drive can be removed to leave a rod behind that defines reinforcement for a tension rod connection from the anchor tip to an upper portion attachment point.
Description
- This application is a divisional application of my co-pending application Ser. No. 10/690,489 filed on Oct. 21, 2003 entitled “Piling Apparatus Having Rotary Drive,” which is a continuation in part of application Ser. No. 09/993,321 filed Nov. 14, 2001, now Pat. No. 6,814,525, which is based on U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/248,349, filed Nov. 14, 2000, the priority of which is claimed and the full disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to composite piling and more particularly to a piling apparatus that includes a helical anchor lower end portion to which a plurality of connectable sections can be added, each section having a hollow interior through which a drive member can pass, and each section being joined to another section at a joint that has a specially shaped fitting to be engaged by an enlarged portion of the drive member.
- 2. General Background of the Invention
- Piling must often be installed in locations wherein a full size pile-driving rig simply cannot be positioned. For example, if a building is having a settlement problem, piling must necessarily be driven below the building to support its lower most structural aspect, such as the lowest concrete horizontal section or slab.
- It has been known in the art to cut holes through the slab of a building and then install a screw type anchor or screw type anchor piling system, in order to add support to an existing piling system that is already under the building. Once these additional piling have been paced, structural ties can be made between the building itself and the new piling.
- Because pile-driving equipment is not able to fit into the ground floor of existing buildings, a screw threaded piling or helical anchor is employed because it can be installed using a hydraulic rotary drive, for example. Such drive units are commercially available.
- High capacity pile-driving equipment is large and cumbersome to operate in confined areas. Conventional pile-driving equipment can cause stress and fatigue on adjacent structures from weight and vibration.
- Piles are used to support structures, such as buildings, when the soil underlying the structure is too weak to support the structure. There are many techniques that may be used to place a pile. One technique is to cast the pile in place. In this technique, a hole is excavated into the place where the pile is needed and the hole is filled with cement. A problem with this technique is that in weak soils the hole tends to collapse. Therefore, expensive shoring is required. If the hole is more than about 4 to 5 feet deep, then safety regulations typically require expensive shoring and other safety precautions to prevent workers from being trapped in the hole.
- It is known to provide a cylindrical foundation support element having an open lower end and which may be rotatably driven into the ground by virtue of the provision of an integral annular helix permanently affixed to the outer surface of the lower end of the support. The helix has an earth penetrating edge, and in conjunction with the cylindrical foundation defines an opening through which soil is allowed to pass into the chamber formed by the cylindrical wall of the foundation support. The opposite end of the cylindrical foundation support is adapted for releasable locking engagement to a drive element, which is used to rotate the support in a given direction, thus driving the support into the ground to a desired depth.
- Langenbach, Jr., U.S. Pat. No. 4,678,373 discloses a method for supporting a structure in which a piling beating a footing structure is driven down into the ground by pressing from above with a large hydraulic ram anchored to the structure. The void cleared by the footing structure may optionally be filled by pumping concrete into the void through a channel inside the pile. The ram used to insert the Langenbach, Jr. piling is large, heavy and expensive.
- Another approach to placing piles is to insert a hollow form in the ground with the piles desired and then to fill the hollow form with fluid cement. Hollow forms may be driven into the ground by impact or screwed into the ground. This approach is cumbersome because the hollow forms are unwieldy and expensive. Examples of this approach are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,326,872 and 2,926,500.
- Helical pier systems, such as the CHANCE™ helical pier system available from the A. B. Chance Company of Centralia, Mo. U.S.A., provide an attractive alternative to the systems described above. As described in more detail below, the CHANCE helical pier system includes a helical screw mounted at the end of a shaft. The shaft is configured to draw the helical screw downwardly into a body of soil. The screw is screwed downwardly until the screw is seated in a region of soil sufficiently strong to support the weight, which will be placed on the pier.
- Many piling systems have been patented that include multiple sections, some of which are provided with screw anchors or helical anchors.
- An early patent is the Gray patent entitled “metal Pile”, U.S. Pat. No. 415,037.
- The Stevens Pat. No. 1,087,334 discloses and incased concrete piling.
- A method for installing anchoring or supporting columns in situ is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,354,657.
- A piling that includes a cylindrical foundation support drivable into ground with a removable helix is disclosed in the Holdman Pat. No. 5,066,168.
- The Watts Pat. No. 3,422,629 discloses a construction support system and method and apparatus for construction thereof. A helical member is part of the apparatus.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,864,923 discloses a method and means for providing a pile body in an earth situs, including driving casing into situs to define a cavity of required depth. An auger positioned within the casing is rotatable in screwing direction to remove earth from defined cavity, and caries expansible cutter means rotatable with auger to enlarge cavity girth below inner end of casing. Earth removed from casing and cavity enlargement is replaced with different material, such as self-hardenable cement, to form pile body with load carrying enlargement at inner end of casing.
- An earth auger is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,938,344 in which an auger shaft is provided with freely expansible and contractible rotary blades in such manner that said rotary blades may expand automatically when said auger shaft is rotated in the forward direction and may contract automatically when said auger shaft is rotated in the reverse direction. Also a method for driving piles and the like is disclosed which comprises the steps of positioning a pile or shoring adjacent to said auger shaft and above said blades, advancing said pile or the like into an earth bore excavated by said rotary blades, and filling said bore excavated by the rotary blades with mortar or the like.
- The Turzillo Pat. No. 3,962,879 discloses a concrete pile or like concrete column formed in earth situs by rotating a continuous flight auger consisting of one or more sections into the earth to form a cavity of given depth; rotating the auger to remove augured earth from the cavity without removing the auger therefrom, and replacing the removed earth from the auger flights with fluid cement mortar, which hardens to form a column reinforced by the auger resultantly anchored in the same. A plurality of short auger sections may be connected together in succession during drilling to form a cavity of requisite depth by increments when low headroom conditions exist. A portion of the auger or a shaft portion without auger flighting thereon may also protrude above the earth situs for extension through water and the like and be filled with cementitious material which is allowed to harden. The method may also include first filling the auger shaft with the fluid mortar and allowing the same to harden. The method may also include first filling the auger shaft with the fluid mortar and allowing the same to harden in the shaft with a passage extending therethrough, and supplying more mortar through the passage to fill the cavity to form the column against backing of hardened mortar in the shaft.
- The Vickars Pat. No. 5,707,180 discloses a method and apparatus for forming piles in situ. The '180 patent provides a method for making piles and apparatus for practicing the method. The piles may be used to support the foundation of a structure, such as a building. The method draws a soil displacer on a shaft down through a body of soil by turning a screw at the lower end of the shaft. The soil displacer forces soil out of a cylindrical region around the shaft. The cylindrical region is filled with grout to encapsulate and strengthen the shaft. The grout may be fed by gravity from a bath of grout around the shaft. The soil displacer has a diameter smaller than a diameter of the screw and may be a disk extending in a plane generally perpendicular to the shaft.
- The present invention provides an improved method and apparatus for forming piles in situ. The apparatus of the present invention includes a lower helical screw anchor to which are attached a number of add on sections.
- The present invention utilizes a screw threaded piling or helical anchor because it can be installed in confined areas, using smaller and more agile equipment (such as a Bobcat® type skidsteer equipped with a boom mounted hydraulic powered high torque planetary auger drive made by Eskridge, for example). Such units as these are commercially available.
- In the preferred embodiment, each section is in the form of a hollow member (e.g. Thin wall pipe such as 0.188″ wall thickness or 0.125 wall thickness or
Schedule 10 pipe) having a bore that receives a drive member or tool. The outer surface of each of the sections has soil displacing ribs that aid in pushing soil away from the sections as the pile apparatus is screwed down into the earth. The hollow bore of each of the sections receives an elongated drive member. The drive member is comprised of connectable sections wherein each of the connectable drive section sis about the same length as each of the pile sections. An enlarged drive member is provided at intervals as part of the drive member, the enlarged section registering with a correspondingly shaped joint that connects two pile sections together. - The present invention provides an improved method and apparatus for installing an in-situ pile apparatus.
- A lower helical anchor lead unit with variable size helical discs is screwed into the soil, followed by a conically shaped cutting and soil-displacing unit. This unit has strategically placed (2-4) triangular ribs for cutting and displacing soil outwardly away from the sectional pipe sections. This same unit will work as a pile cap for concrete that is poured into upper pipe sections. With this improved shape, it cuts the soil when rotated. The upper flat round plate of the conical will work as a bearing plate to the soil.
- Once the conical unit has reached the soil, a drive tool will be attached to the helical lead unit, connected with a plastic or wooden dowel placed through the typical bolthole.
- A formed (thin wall 0.188″ or Schedule-10 0.125″) pile section that has squared ends is placed over the drive tool and bolted to the conical unit. Silicone caulking can be installed at each square section makeup joint to prevent water or mud from entering the pipe sections.
- A hydraulic planetary drive unit is attached to the square drive tool. The hydraulic auger driver unit is engaged and the helical anchor, conical unit, attached pipe section(s) will be screwed downwardly into the soil. The hydraulic auger unit is then stopped and removed.
- A second drive installation tool is bolted to the first. A second formed square sectional hollow form is placed over the drive tool and bolted. The hydraulic planetary drive unit is placed on top of the drive tool and the complete pile section is then screwed down into the soil until the top section reaches near ground level. This same process of installing drive tools and sectional hollow form units is repeated until the proper depth form which has been reached (i.e. to satisfy the pile load requirements). As the complete pile unit is screwed down into the earth, the soil displacer ribs will push the soil outward away from the hollow pipe sections, creating less friction on the sections and therefore less torque.
- With the proposed pile apparatus, the helical anchor will pull the hollow pipe forms down. At the same time, the soil displacer ribs push the soil radially. This will allow the pipe to penetrate deeper with less friction and a truer ft. lb. Torque to capacity ratio. This method allows the pile to be installed as a joint bearing pile, relying on the capacity of the helical discs that are screwed into the soil. In time, soil will reconsolidate around the larger diameter pipe forms, which will develop a known friction capacity, which will increase the overall pile capacity.
- In one embodiment, a rod is provided that can be left with the pile section upon completion of installation to act as tensile rod or reinforcement for concrete that can be added to the internal bores of the various pile sections as connected end to end.
- In another embodiment, plastic pipe sections can be added to the pile sections such as for example in water installations, the plastic pipe sections extending between the mud line and water surface.
- Other embodiments show various connectors for attaching the internal drive members together and for connecting the rod sections together.
- For a further understanding of the nature, objects, and advantages of the present invention, reference should be had to the following detailed description, read in conjunction with the following drawings, wherein like reference numerals denote like elements and wherein:
-
FIGS. 1A-1C disclose the preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention, whereinFIG. 1A fits the drawingFIG. 1B at match line A-A and wherein the drawingFIG. 1B fits the drawingFIG. 1C at match line B-B. -
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional elevational view of the preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the apparatus of the present invention illustrating a joint between two pile sections; -
FIG. 3 is a partial, perspective view of the preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention. -
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along lines 4-4 ofFIG. 2 ; -
FIG. 5 is a partial perspective view of the preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention illustrating the drive portion thereof; -
FIGS. 6 and 7 are partial perspective views of the preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention illustrating die members that can be used to form the joint that is at the end of each of the pile sections; -
FIGS. 8 and 9 are plan and elevation views respectively that illustrate the method of forming the pile joint sections. -
FIGS. 10 and 10A are schematic illustrations showing the formation of the joint sections that are at the end of each of the pile sections. -
FIG. 11 is a partial, perspective view of the preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention; -
FIG. 12 is another partial, perspective view of the preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention; -
FIG. 13 is another partial, perspective view of the preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention; -
FIG. 13A is a partial, sectional view of the preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention showing drive tool removed and concrete added; -
FIG. 14 is a partial, perspective view of the preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention illustrating the hydraulic drive connected to the drive member, and showing an alternate construction that uses a hollow plastic section that is adapted for use in between a water bed and a water surface; -
FIG. 15 is a partial elevation, sectional view of an alternate construction for the drive member; -
FIG. 16 is a sectional view taken along lines 16-16 ofFIG. 15 ; -
FIG. 17 is a sectional view taken along lines 17-17 ofFIG. 15 ; -
FIG. 18 is a partial, sectional elevation view illustrating an alternate construction for the internal drive member; -
FIG. 19 is a partial perspective view of the connection shown inFIG. 18 ; -
FIG. 20 is a partial, sectional elevation view illustrating the connection ofFIGS. 18 and 19 ; -
FIG. 21 is a partial, perspective, exploded view illustration the connection ofFIGS. 18-20 ; -
FIG. 22 is a sectional, elevation view showing the system ofFIGS. 18-21 after installation; -
FIG. 23 is a perspective view of another alternate embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention; -
FIG. 24 is another perspective view of an alternate embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention; -
FIG. 25 is a perspective exploded view of an alternate embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention; -
FIG. 26 is a plan view illustrating the die and forming apparatus for shaping the pile end portions for an alternate embodiment; -
FIG. 27 is an elevation view of the forming apparatus ofFIG. 26 ; -
FIG. 28 is a sectional view taken along lines 28-28 ofFIG. 27 ; -
FIG. 29 is a fragmentary view of the forming apparatus portion of an alternate embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention; -
FIG. 30 is another fragmentary view of the forming apparatus portion of an alternate embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention; -
FIGS. 31-32 are schematic end views of a piling showing formation of the end portion of the piling section with the dies; -
FIG. 33 is a fragmentary elevation view of an alternate embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention illustrating the swaging machine; -
FIG. 34 is an end view of the swaging machine ofFIG. 33 ; -
FIG. 35 is a fragmentary side view of the swaging machine ofFIG. 33 illustrating a swaging of the end portion of the pile section; -
FIG. 36 is a partial perspective view of the swaging machine; -
FIG. 37 is a fragmentary perspective view of an alternate embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention illustrating a joint between the helical anchor and the pile section; -
FIG. 38 is a partial perspective view of an alternate embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention illustrating the pile driving tool and its connection to the pile section; and -
FIG. 39 is a partial perspective view of the alternate embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention illustrating the pile-driving tool and its connection to the pile section. - In
FIGS. 1A-1C , the preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention is designated generally by the numeral 10. It should be understood that in order to fit an entire elevation, sectional view of theapparatus 10 of the present invention on a single page, matchline type drawings are used whereinFIG. 1A fits to the top ofFIG. 1B along with matchlines A-A. Insitu pile apparatus 10 includes generally a lowermost, first section in the form of helical anchor 11, asecond section 12 which is a hollow pile form section, athird section 13 and afourth section 14. The third andfourth sections section Section 12 hasbore 28.Section 13 hasbore 27.Section 14 hasbore 26. - In the preferred embodiment, the
Sections internal drive member 15 extends through a hollow bore of each of thesections drive member 15 has anupper end portion 16 to which a commercially available hydraulic rotary drive motor can be attached. Thedrive member 15 has alower end portion 17 that forms an attachment with anextension 18 at the upper end of helical anchor 11. - The
drive member 15 can be comprised of a number of connectable sections as shown, includingdrive sections drive section lowest drive section 19 provides aconnector 22 that forms a connection withextension 18 of helical anchor 11 as shown inFIG. 1C . - The
internal drive 18 andmember 15 is positioned internally ofpile sections FIGS. 1A , 1B, 1C, 2, 4, and 11-13. - In
FIG. 2 , an enlarged view shows the joint betweensecond section 12 andthird section 13. It should be understood that a similar connection is formed betweensection 13 andsection 14. InFIG. 2 , each of thesections soil displacing ribs 24.Soil displacing ribs 24 can also be seen in the plan view ofFIG. 4 . Thedrive section 19 carries an enlarge drive member as shown inFIGS. 2 and 5 . - In
FIGS. 2 , 3, and 4, the details of a connection between a pair of pile sections is shown such as, for example, between thesecond pile section 12 and thethird pile section 13. InFIGS. 2-4 , thepile section 12 has an upper end portion that provides an uppersquared end portion 29. Similarly, thethird pile section 13 provides a lowersquare end portion 30 that has asocket 73 that is slightly smaller than thesquare end portion 29 so that theend portion 30 fits into thesection 29 atsocket 73 forming a snug fit therewith. - Each of the square end portions 29-30 provides a plurality of lugs. The upper
square end portion 29 provides a plurality oflugs 31. The lowersquare end portion 30 provides a plurality oflugs 32. Each of thelugs opening 35 through which a bolted connection can be placed as shown inFIGS. 1A-1C , and 2-4. The bolted connections include a plurality ofbolts 33 and a plurality ofnuts 34 as shown. - As shown in
FIG. 2 , the lowersquared end portion 30 at the bottom ofpile section 13 fits snugly into thesocket 73 of uppersquare end portion 30 at the top ofpile section 12. As shown inFIG. 2 ,enlarged drive member 25 ofinternal drive member 15 closely fits and conforms to the assembly of uppersquare end portion 29 andlower end portion 30 as shown.Enlarged drive member 25 occupies thesocket 74 at the lower end portion of pile section 13 (seeFIG. 2 ). - In the preferred embodiment, an
enlarged drive member 25 is positioned at every joint between pile sections such as shown inFIGS. 1A-1B . However, it should be understood that any desired number ofpile sections pile section enlarged drive member 25 registering at the joint between sections such as 12 and 13 as shown inFIG. 2 . - When bolting the helical anchor 11 to lower
square end portion 30 of a pile section such as 12 (seeFIG. 11 ), the anchor 11 provides around plate 36 havingperipheral openings 75 through whichbolts 33 can pass as shown inFIG. 1C . For stiffening and soil cutting and soil displacement purposes, a plurality of radially extendingtriangular plates 37 are provided at the upper end portion of helical anchor 11 just belowplate 36 as shown inFIGS. 1C and 11 . - In
FIGS. 13-13A , theapparatus 10 of the present invention is shown after placement and wherein thebore sections extension 18 of helical anchor 11 and thelower end portion 17 ofdrive section 19 is broken by simply pulling up on the various components of thedrive member 15 to shear pin (e.g. Wood or plastic) 38 (seeFIG. 13 ). At other location such as the connection betweendrive section 19 anddrive section 20, a strong boltedconnection using bolt 39 andnut 40 can be provided as shown inFIG. 5 , passing through openings 41 indrive member 19 andopening 42 indrive member 20. -
FIGS. 6-9 and 10A-10B show a die construction for forming uppersquared end portion 29 and lowersquared end portion 30. A pair of dies 43, 44 can be provided, the die 43 being used for forming the lowersquared end portion 30 and thus having a longitudinal dimension A that is longer than the corresponding dimension B ofdie 44, and a transverse dimension C that is smaller than the transverse dimension D ofdie 44. The die 43 inFIG. 6 forms the smaller cross sectional, but longitudinally longer lowersquared end portion 30 whereas the die 44 inFIG. 7 forms the transversely wider by longitudinally shorter uppersquared end portion 29. -
FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate formation of theseend portions hydraulic jack 45 to force corresponding pairs of these dies 43, 44 apart whilesupport 46 hasclamp members sections support 46 thus functions as a slidetop having runways - In
FIG. 12 , it should be understood that the helical anchor 11 can include a number of connected sections such as 11A, 11B connected together using boltedconnections FIG. 5 . -
FIG. 14 illustrates a system that can be used in water wherein a plastic cylindrical pipe section orsections 53 can be joined to an uppermost section such as 12, 13, 14 using rivets and/or glue. In such a situation, the pile section that is the upper most section (such assection FIG. 1A ) will be replaced with atransition section 54 having acircular connector 55 that receives the lower end portion ofpipe section 53. Theinternal drive 15 extends through theplastic pipe section 53 for connecting withhydraulic drive 56. As shown inFIG. 14 , more than one of the plastic pipe section s53 can be employed, connected end to end and glued as is known in the art. - The embodiment of
FIG. 14 can be used in aquatic environments wherein thepipe sections 53 extend between the mudline and the waterline and/or can be used in any corrosive environment. -
FIGS. 15-17 shown an alternate arrangement for theinternal drive member 15. InFIGS. 15-17 , each of theinternal drive members 15 is replaced with a specially configureddrive member 57 wherein each of the drive members is hollow, providing abore 58 that receives internally positionedrod 59. Theextension 18 of anchor 11 is replaced with anextension 60 that has an upper end portion that is internally threaded at 61 to receive an externally treadedportion 62 at the lower end ofrod 59 as shown inFIG. 15 . This construction enables thedrive member 57 to be removed, leaving therod 59 behind for reinforcement purposes. - Radially extending
projections 63 onextension 60 stop thedrive tool 57 from slipping down theshaft 60. Torque can be imparted fromdrive member 57 toextension 60 and thus to helical anchor 11. - In order to remove the
internal drive member 57, the operator simply lifts thedrive member 57 off thestops 63, disengaging the drive too 57 fromextension 60.FIGS. 18-22 show another arrangement for connectinginternal drive member 57 to anenlarged drive member 25 as shown inFIGS. 19-21 . - In
FIGS. 19-21 , a pair of steel pins 65 are inserted throughopenings 66 when thelower end 67 of a drive member section is to be connected to another drive member section. Thedrive member section 67 fits over the fitting 68 aboveenlarged drive member 25 and pins 65 are placed throughopenings 66 and underhorizontal surfaces 69. -
FIG. 21 shows two (2) drive tool retainer clamps 70, 71 held together by the O-ring 72. The retainer clamps 70, 71grip rod 59 and thus hold the shaft of thedrive tool 57 to prevent it from moving up during installation. Once thedrive tool 57 is installed theclamps -
FIGS. 23-29 show additional alternate embodiments of the apparatus of the present invention designated by the numeral 102 inFIG. 23 , 102A inFIG. 24 and 80 inFIG. 25 . Each of the piling apparatus shown inFIGS. 23-25 utilize a specially configured piling section having end portions that are not circular and so that they transfer rotation and torque, and that can be shaped using the apparatus shown inFIGS. 27-32 . One of thepiling apparatus 102 ofFIG. 23 has a swagedtransition 113 that can be formed using the apparatus shown inFIGS. 35-37 . - Each of the piling apparatus of
FIG. 23-24 can be installed using hydraulicrotary driver 151 havingdrive tool 152 that engages one of the shaped end portions of the pile sections shown inFIGS. 23-25 . - Piling
apparatus 80 provides a lower,helical anchor section 81 that connects tocylindrical section 85 usingcircular plate 82 andtriangular plates 83. The connection ofcircular plate 82 tocylindrical section 85 can be welded connections. Thehelical anchor 81 provides one or morehelical blades 101 that embed thepiling apparatus 80 into a selected soil medium when uppermost shapedsection 97 is rotated using hydraulicrotary driver 151. - Piling
section 89 has an upper shaped (e.g. squared)non-circular section 86 provided with a plurality oflugs 95, each having anopening 96 through which a bolt can be attached when joining onemore pile sections 89 together. Similarly, a lowersquared section 99 has a plurality oflugs 100, each having anopening 96 that receives a boltedconnection 110. InFIG. 25 , the squaredsection 99 is a male section that fits squaredsection 86 ofhelical anchor 81. The squaredsection 86 provideslugs 87, each lug having anopening 88 that accepts a boltedconnection 110. The cylindrically shapedcentral section 98 of pilingsection 89 is an unformed portion of thepiling section 89. Thus thepiling section 89 can begin as a cylindrically shaped section of pipe such asSchedule 10 orSchedule 20 pipe, for example. - Piling
section 89 provides a hollow bore and has upper andlower end portions helical blades cylindrical section 98 of pilingsection 89, being welded thereto for example. A tapered transition section is provided and defined byplate 82,triangular plate sections 83, and the anchor shaft 111. In this fashion, thehelical anchor 81 pulls the pilingapparatus 80 is rotated using hydraulicrotary driver 151. - In
FIGS. 23 and 24 , different transition sections are provided. Otherwise, theapparatus FIGS. 23 and 24 is similarly driven into a selected soil medium using a hydraulicrotary driver 151. InFIGS. 23 and 24 , pilingapparatus section 103,upper end portion 104 and lower end portion 105. The upper end portion provides a shaped (e.g. squared)section 106 havinglugs 107 withopenings 108 that enable boltedconnections 110 to be used to join apiling section 89 to thepiling apparatus FIGS. 23 or 24. Anchor shaft 111 can be provided with one or morehelical vanes 112. - In
FIGS. 23 , a swaged joint 113 is provided at lower end portion 105. Additionally, acircular plate 114 can be welded at the joint betweencylindrical section 103 and swaged joint 113. InFIG. 24 , anchor shaft 11 extends to and throughplate 114, being welded to it. A second or third or additional number ofplates 114 can be positioned internally ofcylindrical section 103, shaft 111 being welded thereto.FIGS. 26-32 show afabrication device 115 that can be used to form thepile section 89 ofFIG. 25 , a plurality of such pile sections being connectable end-to-end and wherein a lower most of saidpile sections 89 can be connected tohelical anchor 81,pile apparatus 102, orpile apparatus 102A. -
Fabrication device 115 includes aframe 116 that can be comprised of a plurality oftransverse beams 117 and a plurality oflongitudinal beams 118. Thetransverse beams 117 can be anchored (for example, bolted) to anunderlying floor 119 or other suitable support. -
Rails 120 are provided onlongitudinal beams 118 for support afirst carriage 121 and asecond carriage 122.Carriage 121 has a pair of formingmembers first carriage 121 atpivot 123.Hydraulic cylinder 126 enables dies 129, 130 mounted respectively upon formingmembers Hydraulic cylinder 126 can be attached to formingmember 127 atpivotal connection 127.Hydraulic cylinder 126 can be attached to formingmember 125 atpivotal connection 128. - Each forming
member 124 has a die. The formingmember 124 hasdie 129. The formingmember 125 has die 130 (seeFIGS. 26-32 ).Second carriage 122 has the same construction asfirst carriage 121 with the exception ofdie members die members die members pile section 89, which is preferably a longer section. Thedie members section 89. Thedie members pile section 131, thesquared end potion 97 is a female section that is slightly larger than thesquared end portion 99 that is a male end portion. Similarly, the squaredsection 86 is a female section that receives thesquared end portion 99. - In
FIG. 26 , anunformed pile section 131 is shown resting uponsupports 132. Each of the first andsecond carriage wheels 133 that ride upon rails 120. As shown inFIGS. 31 and 32 ,unformed pile section 131 has abore 134 that is cylindrically shaped prior to forming (FIG. 31 ). The dies 129, 130 or 129A, 130A are expanded in the direction of arrows 135 (FIG. 32 ) when forming a squared end portion to formpile section 89 orhelical anchor 81. The formed squaredsection 136 as shown in hard lines inFIG. 32 while the original cylindrical shape ofunformed pile section 131 is shown in phantom lines inFIG. 32 . -
FIGS. 33-37 show aswaging device 140 that can e used to form the swaged joining 133 shown on pilingapparatus 102 inFIG. 23 .Swaging device 140 includes asupport frame 139 for holding a section of conventional pipe or otherunformed pile section 131 by grasping thecylindrical section 103 thereof. A plurality of shaped heads are mounted onpushrods 142 ofhydraulic cylinders 143 that can be positioned about 90° apart as shown onFIG. 34 . - These four
hydraulic cylinders 143 are simultaneously activated to extendpushrods 142 in the direction ofarrows 144 to engage a squared, shapedend portion 136 that has been formed using the apparatus ofFIGS. 26-32 . The completed swag joint 113 as shown onFIG. 37 having asquared opening 153 that receives shaft 111 ofpile apparatus 102. A weld can be used to join shaft 111 and swaged joint 113. Additionally, thefolds 154 can be welded at the lower end portion of swaged joint 113 to provide additional strength. Additionally, one or morecircular plates 114 can be welded inside ofcylindrical section 103 and to shaft 111 for additional bracing and reinforcement. -
FIGS. 38 and 39 illustrate a suitable connection that joins hydraulicrotary drive 151 to pilesection 89.Drive tool 152 can be removably attachable torotary driver 151 usingconnection 155 such as the projection and socket shown with boltedconnection 156 to attain theconnection 155.Drive tool 152 has an enlarged,square drive member 157 that fits a femalesquared end portion 97 ofpile section 89. -
Connector 145 includes four ell shapedportions 147, each having a pair ofsleeves 148 withsleeve openings 149 for receiving boltedconnections 150. By tightening the boltedconnections 150, thesquared end portion 97 closely conforms tosquare drive 157 and reduces the chance of deformation or damage tosquared end 97 if an operator should apply too much torque to hydraulicrotary driver 151. Thebrackets 146 that include ell shapedportions 147 andsleeves 148 can be of welded steel construction for example. - The following is a list of suitable parts and materials for the various elements of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
-
- 10 in-situ pile apparatus
- 11 helical anchor, first section
- 11A anchor section
- 11B anchor section
- 12 second section
- 13 third section
- 14 fourth section
- 15 drive member
- 16 upper end portion
- 17 lower end portion
- 18 extension
- 19 drive section
- 20 drive section
- 21 drive section
- 22 lower connector
- 23 upper connector
- 24 rib
- 25 enlarged drive member
- 26 bore
- 27 bore
- 28 bore
- 29 upper square end portion
- 30 lower square end portion
- 31 lug
- 32 lug
- 33 bolt
- 34 nut
- 35 opening
- 36 round plate
- 37 triangular plate
- 38 shear pin
- 39 bolt
- 40 nut
- 41 opening
- 42 opening
- 43 die
- 44 die
- 45 jack
- 46 support
- 47 clamp
- 48 clamp
- 49 runway
- 50 runway
- 51 die support
- 52 die support
- 53 pipe section
- 54 transition section
- 55 connector
- 56 hydraulic drive
- 57 internal drive member
- 58 bore
- 59 rod
- 60 extension
- 61 internal thread
- 62 external thread
- 63 tool stops
- 64 stops below drive tool
- 65 pin
- 66 opening
- 67 lower end
- 68 fitting
- 69 horizontal surface
- 70 retainer clamp
- 71 retainer clamp
- 72 O-ring
- 73 socket
- 74 socket
- 75 opening
- 76 concrete
- A dimension arrow
- B dimension arrow
- C dimension arrow
- D dimension arrow
- 80 piling apparatus
- 81 helical anchor
- 82 circular plate
- 83 triangular plate
- 84 sleeve
- 85 cylindrical section
- 86 squared section
- 87 lug
- 88 opening
- 89 piling section
- 90 hollow bore
- 91 upper end
- 92 lower end
- 93 helical blade
- 94 helical blade
- 95 lug
- 96 opening
- 97 squared section
- 98 cylindrical section
- 99 squared section
- 100 lug
- 101 helical blade
- 102 piling apparatus
- 102A piling apparatus
- 103 cylindrical section
- 104 upper end
- 105 lower end
- 106 squared section
- 107 lug
- 108 opening
- 109 helical vane
- 110 bolted connection
- 111 anchor shaft
- 112 helical vane
- 113 swaged joint
- 114 circular plate
- 115 fabrication device
- 116 frame
- 117 transverse beam
- 118 longitudinal beam
- 119 floor
- 120 vail
- 121 first carriage
- 122 second carriage
- 123 pivot
- 124 forming member
- 125 forming member
- 126 hydraulic cylinder
- 127 pivotal connection
- 128 pivotal connection
- 129 die
- 129A die
- 130 die
- 130A die
- 131 uniformed pile section
- 132 support
- 133 caster
- 134 bore
- 135 arrow
- 136 formed, squared section
- 137 pile support
- 138 clamp
- 139 support frame
- 140 swaging device
- 141 shaped head
- 142 pushrod
- 143 hydraulic cylinder
- 144 arrow
- 145 connector
- 146 bracket
- 147 ell shaped portion
- 148 sleeve
- 149 sleeve opening
- 150 bolted connection
- 151 hydraulic rotary driver
- 152 drive tool
- 153 squared opening
- 154 fold
- 155 connection
- 156 bolted connection
- 157 square drive
- The foregoing embodiments are presented by way of example only; the scope of the present invention is to be limited only by the following claims.
Claims (28)
1. An in-situ pile apparatus comprising:
a lowermost helical anchor having an upper, squared end portion, a cylindrical section, a drive shaft and a tapered transition section that joins the shaft to the cylindrical section;
a plurality of hollowed pile sections that are connectable end to end, a lowermost of the pile sections being connectable to the helical anchor at the helical anchor squared section;
connectors for connecting the pile sections together, wherein one squared end of one pile section fits inside of a squared end of another pile section
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein each pile section has squared male and female end portions.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the pile sections have male squared end portions that are shaped to fit the female squared end portion of another pile section.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein some of the pile sections carries circumferentially spaced radially extending soil displacement ribs.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein at least some of the pile sections carry helical vanes.
6. A method of installing a piling system comprising the steps of:
a. Thrusting a helical anchor into the earth;
b. Connecting one or more pile sections to the helical anchor, each of the pile sections have squared end portions that are connectable with respective other squared end portions of other pile sections;
c. Driving the anchor and pile sections with a rotary drive;
7. The method of claim 6 wherein each of the pile sections is shaped to connect to another pile section at a joint with a combined configuration that transmits torque.
8. The method of claim 6 wherein in step “b” each pile section has at least one squared end portion, and the squared end portions are joined together.
9. The method of claim 6 further comprising the step of filling the bore of a pile section with a filler material.
10. A method of installing a piling system comprising the steps of:
a. thrusting a helical anchor into the earth, the helical anchor having upper and lower end portions;
b. connecting a first pile section to the helical anchor at the upper end portion of the helical anchor wherein a shaped section of the helical anchor engages a correspondingly shaped section of the first pile section to form a joint that will transmit torque to the first pile section having a bore generally cylindrical central section and upper and lower end portions, each having a shaped connector;
c. connecting a second pile section to the upper end portion of the first pile section, the second pile section having a bore, the first and second pile sections having connecting at a torque transfer joint that joins them;
d. driving the anchor and the first and second pile sections with a rotary drive tool
11. The method of claim 10 wherein step “a” the helical anchor includes a solid shaft having a helical vane.
12. The method of claim 10 further comprising the step of filling the bore of at least one of the pile sections with a filler material.
13. The method of claim 10 further comprising the step of filling the bore of one of the pile sections with a grout filler material.
14. The method of claim 12 further comprising the step of removing all or part of the rotary drive tool before adding the filler material.
15. The method of claim 13 further comprising the step of removing all or part of the rotary drive tool before adding the grout material.
16. An in-situ pile apparatus comprising:
a. a lowermost helical anchor that is configured to be driven into a soil mass;
b. a plurality of hollowed pile sections that are connectable at joints that have open bores, a lowermost of the hollowed pile sections being connectable to the top of the anchor;
c. a rotary drive system for installing the helical that includes pile end portions that are shaped so that one end portion fits inside anchor and pile sections of an end portion of an adjacent pile section.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein the drive system includes a rotary drive tool with an enlarged diameter section that occupies a pile section end portion during use.
18. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein the pile sections have end portions that are shaped to fit the end portion of another pile section in telescoping fashion.
19. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein each of the pile sections carries a plurality of circumferentially spaced radially extending soil displacement ribs.
20. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein the pile and portions are not circular in shape.
21. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein the pile end portions are squared.
22. (cancel)
23. (cancel)
24. (cancel)
25. A multi-section pile apparatus, comprising:
a. a lowermost anchor that is configured to be driven into a soil mass by rotation, the anchor having a shaft with helically threaded vane portion and an upper tapered transition section;
b. a plurality of generally cylindrical pile sections, each pile section being provided with a non-circular transition portion formed at ends of the pile section, said pile sections are connectable end-to-end at non-circular transition portions, the pile sections and non-circular transition portions having hollow bores, a lowermost of the pile sections being connectable to a top of said upper tapered transition section of the anchor, and wherein each of the pile sections carries a plurality of circumferentially spaced radially extending soil displacement ribs;
c. a drive means for transmitting rotational force to the pile sections and the anchor, said drive means comprising drive members that fit inside the bores within end portions of the pile sections between respective pile sections, said non-circular transition portion of one pile section adjoining a non-circular surface of an adjacent pile section, and wherein each of the drive members comprises an enlarged diameter section that occupies a joint open bore during use;
d. wherein non-circular surfaces enable torque to be transmitted from the drive means to the pile sections; and
e. a connecting means for connecting a lower end portion of one of the pile sections and an upper end portion of the anchor.
26. (cancel)
27. The apparatus of claim 25 wherein the pile sections have end portions that are shaped to fit the end portion of another pile section in telescoping fashion.
28. (cancel)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/317,353 US20090116910A1 (en) | 2000-11-14 | 2008-12-22 | Piling apparatus and method of installation |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US24834900P | 2000-11-14 | 2000-11-14 | |
US09/993,321 US6814525B1 (en) | 2000-11-14 | 2001-11-14 | Piling apparatus and method of installation |
US10/690,489 US7494299B1 (en) | 2000-11-14 | 2003-10-21 | Piling apparatus having rotary drive |
US12/317,353 US20090116910A1 (en) | 2000-11-14 | 2008-12-22 | Piling apparatus and method of installation |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/690,489 Division US7494299B1 (en) | 2000-11-14 | 2003-10-21 | Piling apparatus having rotary drive |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20090116910A1 true US20090116910A1 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
Family
ID=40364570
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/690,489 Expired - Fee Related US7494299B1 (en) | 2000-11-14 | 2003-10-21 | Piling apparatus having rotary drive |
US12/317,353 Abandoned US20090116910A1 (en) | 2000-11-14 | 2008-12-22 | Piling apparatus and method of installation |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/690,489 Expired - Fee Related US7494299B1 (en) | 2000-11-14 | 2003-10-21 | Piling apparatus having rotary drive |
Country Status (1)
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US (2) | US7494299B1 (en) |
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US20130247348A1 (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2013-09-26 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Sunroof drain tube assembly and method |
US20150128509A1 (en) * | 2009-01-06 | 2015-05-14 | Ancrest S.A. | Device for anchoring in multilayer soil |
US9057169B1 (en) * | 2014-05-02 | 2015-06-16 | Magnum Piering, Inc. | Sacrificial tip and method of installing a friction pile |
US9068318B1 (en) * | 2011-06-23 | 2015-06-30 | Bernard J. Gochis | Rotary drive tip system for installation of piles or other foundation members into the ground |
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IT1395476B1 (en) * | 2009-05-26 | 2012-09-21 | Soilmec Spa | DRILLING RODS. |
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US9181674B2 (en) | 2011-06-27 | 2015-11-10 | Hubbell Incorporated | Seismic restraint helical pile systems and method and apparatus for forming same |
US9598833B2 (en) | 2011-08-26 | 2017-03-21 | American Piledriving Equipment, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for pipe piling placement with continuous grouting |
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US20140263927A1 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-18 | Champion Ground Connections Llc | System and method for foundations for roadside signs and structures |
US9416513B2 (en) | 2013-10-25 | 2016-08-16 | Hubbell Incorporated | Helical screw pile and soil displacement device with curved blades |
JP5842046B1 (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2016-01-13 | 新日鉄住金エンジニアリング株式会社 | Rotary press-fit steel pipe pile |
US10858796B2 (en) | 2015-07-27 | 2020-12-08 | Geopier Foundation Company, Inc. | Extensible shells and related methods for constructing a ductile support pier |
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WO2018165617A1 (en) | 2017-03-10 | 2018-09-13 | Hubbell Incorporated | Pile with soil displacement assembly |
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US11522488B2 (en) | 2019-05-07 | 2022-12-06 | Solar Foundations Usa, Inc. | Vertical column |
US11851839B1 (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2023-12-26 | Andrew Corbin Fuller | Cased piles |
EP4223936A1 (en) * | 2022-02-03 | 2023-08-09 | Centrum Pæle A/S | Foundation pile, pile foundation, coupling element and a method for installing a foundation pile into the ground |
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US9551127B1 (en) | 2011-06-23 | 2017-01-24 | Bernard J. Gochis | Rotary drive tip system for installation of piles or other foundation members into the ground |
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US9057169B1 (en) * | 2014-05-02 | 2015-06-16 | Magnum Piering, Inc. | Sacrificial tip and method of installing a friction pile |
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