US20090114378A1 - Heat exchanger and tempering container comprising a heat exchanger - Google Patents

Heat exchanger and tempering container comprising a heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090114378A1
US20090114378A1 US11/994,994 US99499406A US2009114378A1 US 20090114378 A1 US20090114378 A1 US 20090114378A1 US 99499406 A US99499406 A US 99499406A US 2009114378 A1 US2009114378 A1 US 2009114378A1
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Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
reaction
exchanger according
chamber
reaction chamber
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Abandoned
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US11/994,994
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English (en)
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Peter Lang
Gerd Sumah
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Individual
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D5/00—Devices using endothermic chemical reactions, e.g. using frigorific mixtures
    • F25D5/02—Devices using endothermic chemical reactions, e.g. using frigorific mixtures portable, i.e. adapted to be carried personally
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/10—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air
    • F25D3/107—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air portable, i.e. adapted to be carried personally
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2331/00—Details or arrangements of other cooling or freezing apparatus not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F25D2331/80—Type of cooled receptacles
    • F25D2331/803—Bottles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2331/00—Details or arrangements of other cooling or freezing apparatus not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F25D2331/80—Type of cooled receptacles
    • F25D2331/805—Cans

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger comprising an evacuated reaction chamber containing at least one reaction medium and a storage chamber containing an activation medium which reacts with the reaction medium in such a way as to modify the temperature, wherein the reaction chamber and the storage chamber can be brought into a communicating relationship, whereby the reaction medium and the activation medium are contacted with each other and the temperature-modifying reaction is triggered, the reaction chamber being defined by walls made of a vacuum-tight material, which walls are kept at a distance from each other, at least in sections, by supporting bodies, with the supporting bodies keeping free transport paths for the reaction medium inside the reaction chamber.
  • the invention relates to a tempering container comprising a heat exchanger.
  • Temperature-regulating packing modules are already known which enable a consumer to bring the packing material to a predefined temperature range at a desired point in time by activating the module, whereby the packing material is either cooled (by evaporation/expansion processes or by an endothermic reaction of reagents) or heated by an exothermic reaction of reagents.
  • An important component of these temperature-regulating packing modules is the heat exchanger which must provide for an optimum temperature transmission of the generated cold/heat to the packing material.
  • the heat exchanger should exhibit the following properties:
  • temperature-regulating packages/modules are allowed to generate only a minor additional share of the costs of the packaging and, thus, the heat exchanger must be manufacturable in a very cheap and efficient manner.
  • a self-cooling beverage in which a cooling process is implemented based on an adsorption refrigerating machine.
  • the self-contained system comprises two evacuated vacuum chambers.
  • the chamber 1 consists of a complex thin-walled deep-drawn aluminium part (deep drawn twice) coated with water gel. Said chamber 1 constitutes the evaporator and the heat exchanger.
  • the chamber 2 is filled with an absorbing/adsorbing material for water vapour. Furthermore, the chamber 2 is surrounded by a phase-changing material (Phase Change Material—PCM) as a heat sink, which, upon exposure to heat, changes from the solid into the liquid state and thereby absorbs heat without increasing its own temperature.
  • Phase Change Material—PCM Phase Change Material
  • the cooling process is activated by joining the two chambers.
  • the water gel evaporates from chamber 1 through the vacuum already at temperatures below 100° C. (an evaporation temperature according to the vapour-pressure curve so that evaporation is possible in a range as low as that of subfreezing ° C. temperatures) and extracts heat from the beverage surrounding the chamber 1 as a result of the evaporation process.
  • the generated water vapour is thereby bound by the absorber/adsorber in chamber 2 and, thus, the vacuum is maintained and the evaporation and cooling process continues.
  • the surrounding phase change material limits the temperature of the absorber/adsorber since the latter heats up during adsorption.
  • a vacuum-insulated, adsorbent-operated cooling device is known the cooling principle of which corresponds to that of the self-cooling beverage cans disclosed in the above-indicated documents.
  • the absorbing/adsorbing body (chamber 2 ) is directly surrounded by the cooling element (chamber 1 ) and the entire module, i.e., also the absorbing/adsorbing body, floats in the packing material.
  • This construction has the disadvantage that the geometrical design (adsorber surrounded by the cooling element) involves a lower efficiency and thus an enlargement of the module.
  • a heat exchanger composed of at least two communicating chambers.
  • One chamber contains a vacuum which reduces the boiling point of water also located in the chamber.
  • a second chamber contains an adsorbent adsorbing/absorbing the vapour generated by the boiling water in the first chamber.
  • Internal supporting bodies between the walls of the chambers prevent the walls of the chambers from collapsing while the vacuum exists in the chambers.
  • the supporting bodies have pores and channels so that the water vapour can move between the chambers.
  • the walls of the chambers are made of the same material as the cans in which they are housed, that is, from aluminium sheet.
  • the chambers illustrated in the exemplary embodiments are only cuboid-shaped. It is particularly difficult to manufacture chambers with large surfaces, as demonstrated by the exemplary embodiment of the cuboid. Therefore, the cooling effect is not optimal. Furthermore, the permeability is also unsatisfactory.
  • the present invention solves this problem by upgrading a generic heat exchanger by using a flexible film, preferably a composite film, as the vacuum-tight material forming the walls of the reaction chamber and by providing a tempering container comprising a heat exchanger according to the invention.
  • Advantageous embodiments of the invention are set forth in the dependent claims. Due to this design, a freely shapeable heat exchanger is manufacturable which can be produced in a highly efficient manner in industrial manufacturing processes and thus is extremely low-priced, the production being adaptable to a large number of different shaping guidelines due to the use of the film.
  • the film is preferably designed as a plastic film or a metal film, composite films are designed as plastic-metal film composites.
  • a three-layered film having an outer layer of polyester, an intermediate layer of aluminium and an inner layer of polyethylene may be mentioned as an example of a composite film. Adjacent layers are in each case stuck together with a polyurethane 2-component adhesive.
  • Heat exchangers with high reliability which can be produced in an efficient manner, are obtained if the film is sealable and/or gluable.
  • thermoelectric Furthermore, the heat exchanger according to the invention offers the following advantages:
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention can comprise one or several supporting bodies.
  • the supporting bodies can be implemented in several ways.
  • the supporting bodies are formed from a granular material, the granular material preferably being porous.
  • the granules are spherical.
  • the granules define transport paths for the reaction media between each other.
  • the supporting bodies are formed from moulded articles.
  • the transport paths are defined between and on the moulded articles, respectively, wherein, in a preferred embodiment, the moulded articles are open-pored and the pores also form transport paths for reaction media.
  • the supporting bodies comprise a framework.
  • the framework can have different straight, curved, angular, corrugated beams, distance pieces etc. It can be designed as a latticework. For an optimum temperature transmission it is furthermore suitable that some or all supporting bodies are formed from a material with good heat conduction.
  • the supporting bodies are constructed as storage elements for the reaction medium (e.g. in pores of the supporting elements) or are completely or partially composed of the reaction medium.
  • reaction medium e.g. in pores of the supporting elements
  • reaction media There are numerous reaction media which remain dimensionally stable during their endothermic or exothermic reaction.
  • Silica gels can be mentioned as examples.
  • reaction media stored in the reaction chamber of the heat exchanger comprise evaporation media and/or endothermic reactants.
  • the reaction media stored in the reaction chamber of the heat exchanger comprise exothermic reactants.
  • the reaction chamber of the heat exchanger according to the invention is connected or connectable to a storage chamber which, optionally, has been evacuated.
  • the storage chamber can be directly integrated in the heat exchanger, wherein it is connected to the flexible vacuum-tight material of the heat exchanger preferably by gluing, sealing or other fastening techniques.
  • the storage chamber can be designed as a separate replaceable unit which, for activating the heat exchanger, is brought into a communicating relationship with the reaction chamber thereof.
  • an adsorbing medium and optionally a heat sink such as, e.g., a phase-changing agent (PCM) are placed in the storage chamber.
  • PCM phase-changing agent
  • the storage chamber is provided with an activation agent which, upon contact with the reactant contained in the reaction chamber, triggers an exothermic reaction, optionally with a PCM device such as, e.g., a phase-changing agent (PCM) being arranged in the reaction chamber in order to keep the temperature in the reaction chamber within a predetermined temperature range.
  • a PCM device such as, e.g., a phase-changing agent (PCM) being arranged in the reaction chamber in order to keep the temperature in the reaction chamber within a predetermined temperature range.
  • PCM phase-changing agent
  • the reaction chamber Prior to the activation of the heat exchanger, the reaction chamber is suitably separated from the storage chamber by a membrane or a valve, wherein the valve may comprise, for example, a valve sheet.
  • the membrane is cut in two by an actuator or, respectively, an actuator is used for opening the valve.
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention can easily be integrated in containers such as a beverage can, a PET plastic bottle, a cardboard composite packing or a party barrel and enables excellent tempering of the liquids stored in said containers.
  • FIG. 1 shows a heat exchanger according to the invention in longitudinal section
  • FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of a portion of the heat exchanger of FIG. 1 ,
  • FIG. 3 shows a sectional partial view of a further embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the invention
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B show sectional partial views of yet another embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the invention
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B show a first embodiment of a tempering container according to the invention in longitudinal section
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B show a second embodiment of a tempering container according to the invention in longitudinal section
  • FIG. 8 shows a longitudinal section through a tempering container designed as a beverage can and comprising an embedded heat exchanger
  • FIG. 9 shows a longitudinal section through a tempering container designed as a PET plastic bottle and comprising an embedded heat exchanger
  • FIG. 10 shows a longitudinal section through a tempering container designed as a cardboard composite packing and comprising an embedded heat exchanger
  • FIG. 11 shows a longitudinal section through a tempering container designed as a party barrel and comprising an embedded heat exchanger.
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through the heat exchanger 1 .
  • the heat exchanger 1 comprises a reaction chamber 2 .
  • the reaction chamber 2 is bordered by walls made of a flexible vacuum-tight material 3 which are kept at a distance from each other by supporting bodies 4 , the supporting bodies defining the geometry of the cooling element 1 and keeping open transport paths 5 for the reaction media contained in the reaction chamber 2 , as can be seen in FIG. 2 , which shows an enlarged longitudinal section of a portion of the heat exchanger 1 .
  • the supporting bodies 4 are constructed as frame elements which keep open the transport paths 5 for the reaction medium.
  • the flexible vacuum-tight material 3 is designed, for example, as a composite film and forms a skin of the heat exchanger, which skin constitutes a contact area with the surrounding packing material.
  • the flexible vacuum-tight material 3 seals the reaction chamber 2 against the environment, thus providing the separation between the reaction chamber 2 and the packing material.
  • a reaction medium 11 is arranged (see FIG. 2 ). As is evident from FIG.
  • the flexible vacuum-tight material 3 is drawn downward beyond the reaction chamber 2 and forms a boundary wall 3 a of a recess 6 which can be designed as a storage chamber by closing the recess at the bottom after it has been filled with a reaction medium, an activation medium and/or an adsorbent, or into which a module can be inserted, which module includes a storage chamber, as will be illustrated in further detail below.
  • the recess 6 is sealed against the reaction chamber by a partition wall 3 b.
  • the heat exchanger 1 is manufactured by drawing the flexible vacuum-tight material 3 beyond the supporting bodies 4 (or by inserting the supporting bodies 4 into a configuration of the flexible vacuum-tight material 3 ). Subsequently, the reaction chamber 2 thus defined is evacuated and the heat exchanger 1 is sealed. The negative pressure (vacuum) in the reaction chamber 2 of the heat exchanger 1 results in external compressive forces acting upon the outer surfaces of the flexible vacuum-tight material 3 and pressing the flexible vacuum-tight material 3 firmly against the supporting bodies 4 , whereby the flexible vacuum-tight material 3 , in combination with the supporting bodies 4 , is bound to form a rigid heat-exchanger geometry. If the heat exchanger 1 is used as a cooling module, the vacuum in the reaction chamber 2 simultaneously enables the evaporation of cooling liquid as a reactant at low temperatures.
  • the small wall thickness of the film ensures good heat conduction and, due to its gluability and/or sealability, respectively, high impermeability against the environment. This is important for air-evacuated heat exchangers (just as in exothermic processes within the heat exchanger during which the reactants must not get into contact with the environment and must exhibit good barrier properties). Due to the highly flexible geometrical design, the heat-exchange surfaces can be arranged in very close proximity to each other, the ratio between the surface and the volume is thus maximized. Furthermore, the distance structure according to the invention guarantees a consistently small distance between the heat-exchange surfaces.
  • the invention also provides the following variants for designing a distance structure:
  • FIG. 3 shows the construction of supporting bodies as dimensionally stable moulded articles 10 , which preferably are open-pored, in a section through a portion of a heat exchanger according to the invention.
  • a reaction medium 11 ′ is located in the pores of the moulded article 10 .
  • These moulded articles 10 are surrounded by the flexible vacuum-tight material 3 .
  • the proportion of pores in the moulded articles 10 as well as the channels on the moulded articles and the distances between the moulded articles define the reaction chamber and the transport paths for reactants.
  • the material of the moulded article can in addition have good heat conduction. Furthermore, it is supposed to be able to absorb/store the cooling medium (liquid, gel, etc. . . . ) which evaporates during cooling.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B show details of an embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the invention, wherein the supporting bodies comprise a dimensionally stable, ideally spherical granular material 7 which is inserted between the flexible vacuum-tight material 3 and keeps said material at a distance from each other, whereby the reaction chamber 2 ′ is defined.
  • the space between the granules provides a transport path 8 for reactants.
  • the granular material 7 may be porous in order to further improve the transport of the reactants. If the heat exchanger is part of an absorption/adsorption cooling process, the granular material 7 should in addition have good heat conduction.
  • it is supposed to be able to absorb/store a reactant (liquid, gel, etc. . . . ), for example, in its pores.
  • the granules 9 themselves may consist of the reaction medium.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B show in perspective and cross-sectional view, respectively, an example of the free shapeability of a heat exchanger 1 ′ according to the invention. It must be emphasized that the shape of the heat exchanger according to the invention can be freely chosen because of the mouldable materials and can thus be adapted to every thermodynamic requirement and optimization.
  • the first example of use shows the application of a heat exchanger 22 in a tempering container 20 designed as a can be to cooled, which tempering container is shown in longitudinal section in FIGS. 6A and 6B .
  • the heat exchanger 22 is integrated in the intake space 29 of the tempering container 20 and is surrounded in the intake space 29 by a liquid as the packing material 21 to be cooled.
  • the heat exchanger 22 functions according to the adsorption cooling principle and, for this purpose, comprises a reaction chamber 23 and a storage chamber 25 which is designed as an adsorption chamber and is separated from the reaction chamber 23 by a membrane 24 prior to activation (see FIG. 6A ).
  • the reaction chamber 23 is in a heat conducting relationship with the packing material 21 and ideally has a large surface.
  • An evaporation liquid (a coolant: e.g., water) which extracts heat from the packing material 21 during evaporation is located in the reaction chamber 23 .
  • the storage chamber 25 is filled with an adsorber and a heat sink, e.g., a phase-changing material [PCM] or with an endothermic reactant or a material of high thermal capacity, which are not shown in the drawing.
  • a coolant e.g., water
  • the two chambers 23 , 25 are evacuated and subsequently separated from each other by the membrane 24 .
  • the membrane 24 is intact, a continuous reaction is unable to proceed in the reaction chamber 23 , since the vapour pressure generated suddenly in the reaction chamber adjusts itself according to the temperature of the packing material 21 and thus an evaporation process in the reaction chamber 23 stops by itself. Hence, there will be no further evaporation as long as the vapour sink (storage chamber 25 ) is not connected to the reaction chamber 23 .
  • the tempering container 20 can be stored inactively over an extended period of time and can be activated only when required.
  • the activation of the cooling process is effected, as illustrated in FIG. 6B , by cutting through the membrane 24 with the actuator 26 designed as a mandrel, whereby the reaction chamber 23 communicates with the storage chamber 25 and a transport of vapour may occur between the two chambers.
  • the cooling process is thereby started, since the vapour generated in the reaction chamber 23 recondenses to water in the adsorber of the storage chamber 25 (the condensation releases heat which is absorbed by the heat sink), thus enabling a continuous evaporation which extracts heat from the packing material 21 and cools said material.
  • the cooling process comes to a standstill only when either the adsorber has been saturated, the entire evaporation medium (coolant) has evaporated or the packing material 21 is unable to provide any further evaporation heat—that is, when the packing material 21 has been cooled down to the desired temperature range.
  • the storage chamber 25 is integrated in the heat exchanger 22 .
  • the second example of use shows the application of a heat exchanger 32 as a heating module in a tempering container 30 , wherein the heat exchanger is implemented, for example, with an exothermic reaction system.
  • a reactant e.g. CaCl2
  • a storage chamber 35 by being mixed with a liquid (e.g., water), i.e., which shows an exothermic reaction, thereby heating the packing material 31 in the intake space 39 of the tempering container 30 .
  • the storage chamber 35 is integrated in a separate module 40 which is connectable to the tempering container 30 in a manner so as to be replaceable.
  • the storage chamber 35 is filled with the activation liquid 37 , closed by a membrane 34 and evacuated.
  • the reaction chamber 33 is likewise evacuated in order to ensure the dimensional stability of the heat exchanger 32 .
  • the module 40 is placed onto the tempering container 30 .
  • the membrane 34 of the storage chamber 35 and the partition wall 38 of the reaction chamber 33 are intact, there will be no blending of the two reaction substances (as illustrated in FIG. 7A ).
  • the tempering container 30 can be stored inactively over an extended period of time and can be activated only when required.
  • the activation of the heating process is effected, as shown in FIG. 7B , by cutting through the membrane 34 and the partition wall 38 by means of an actuator 36 designed as a mandrel, whereby the reaction chamber 33 is brought into a communicating relationship with the storage chamber 35 and the liquid 37 flows from the storage chamber 35 into the reaction chamber 33 , where it enters into an exothermic reaction with the reactant.
  • a continuous heating process which heats up the packing material 31 , is thereby started.
  • the heating process comes to a standstill when the liquid 37 has dissolved completely in the reactant and the quantity of heat stored in the PCM device has been delivered entirely to the packing material. According to the melting temperature of the PCM device it is ensured that the desired packing material temperature is not exceeded.
  • FIGS. 8 , 9 , 10 and 11 the use of the heat exchanger 22 described above based on FIGS. 6A and 6B in a beverage can 41 , a PET plastic bottle 42 , a cardboard composite packing 43 and a party barrel 44 , respectively, is shown, whereby it must be emphasized that these possible uses do not represent an exhaustive list.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
US11/994,994 2005-07-08 2006-07-05 Heat exchanger and tempering container comprising a heat exchanger Abandoned US20090114378A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0115805A AT501614B1 (de) 2005-07-08 2005-07-08 Wärmetauscher und temperierbehälter mit wärmetauscher
ATA1158/2005 2005-07-08
PCT/AT2006/000290 WO2007006065A1 (de) 2005-07-08 2006-07-05 Wärmetauscher und temperierbehälter mit wärmetauscher

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US20090114378A1 true US20090114378A1 (en) 2009-05-07

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US11/994,994 Abandoned US20090114378A1 (en) 2005-07-08 2006-07-05 Heat exchanger and tempering container comprising a heat exchanger

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20090114378A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1902261A1 (de)
CN (1) CN201090961Y (de)
AT (1) AT501614B1 (de)
HK (1) HK1116335A2 (de)
WO (1) WO2007006065A1 (de)

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US10308208B2 (en) 2015-02-20 2019-06-04 International Textile Group, Inc. Airbag made from a fabric substrate coated on an exterior side and on an opposite interior side

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GB0815083D0 (en) * 2008-08-18 2008-09-24 Ford Adrian J Apparatus for changing the temperature of a product
DE102010047371A1 (de) 2010-10-05 2012-04-05 Zeo-Tech Zeolith-Technologie Gmbh Sorptions-Kühlelemente
CN103381927A (zh) * 2013-08-13 2013-11-06 苏州瀚墨材料技术有限公司 支撑性能好的包装结构
CN109028543B (zh) * 2018-09-12 2024-04-26 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 换热装置及设有其的空调机组

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CN201090961Y (zh) 2008-07-23
HK1116335A2 (en) 2008-12-19
WO2007006065A1 (de) 2007-01-18
EP1902261A1 (de) 2008-03-26
AT501614A4 (de) 2006-10-15
AT501614B1 (de) 2006-10-15

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