US20090072721A1 - Light-emitting device and display apparatus - Google Patents
Light-emitting device and display apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- US20090072721A1 US20090072721A1 US12/123,234 US12323408A US2009072721A1 US 20090072721 A1 US20090072721 A1 US 20090072721A1 US 12323408 A US12323408 A US 12323408A US 2009072721 A1 US2009072721 A1 US 2009072721A1
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- YCXAHALFGDZKDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1=CC=C(C2=C3C=CC=CC3=CC=[N+]2[Ir-3]23(C4=C(C=CC=C4)C4=C5C=CC=CC5=CC=[N+]42)C2=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=[N+]23)C=C1 Chemical compound C1=CC=C(C2=C3C=CC=CC3=CC=[N+]2[Ir-3]23(C4=C(C=CC=C4)C4=C5C=CC=CC5=CC=[N+]42)C2=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=[N+]23)C=C1 YCXAHALFGDZKDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHAUJROYHLKFBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1=CC(C2=C3C=CC=CC3=CC=[N+]2[Ir-3]23(C4=C(C=C(C)C(F)=C4)C4=C5C=CC=CC5=CC=[N+]42)C2=C(C=C(C)C(F)=C2)C2=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=[N+]23)=CC=C1F Chemical compound CC1=CC(C2=C3C=CC=CC3=CC=[N+]2[Ir-3]23(C4=C(C=C(C)C(F)=C4)C4=C5C=CC=CC5=CC=[N+]42)C2=C(C=C(C)C(F)=C2)C2=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=[N+]23)=CC=C1F UHAUJROYHLKFBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/14—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material, or by the simultaneous addition of the electroluminescent material in or onto the light source
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/18—Metal complexes
- C09K2211/185—Metal complexes of the platinum group, i.e. Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh or Pd
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- H10K2101/00—Properties of the organic materials covered by group H10K85/00
- H10K2101/10—Triplet emission
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- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/321—Metal complexes comprising a group IIIA element, e.g. Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium [Gaq3]
- H10K85/324—Metal complexes comprising a group IIIA element, e.g. Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium [Gaq3] comprising aluminium, e.g. Alq3
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
- H10K85/342—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising iridium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/615—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/917—Electroluminescent
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a light-emitting device containing a phosphorescent metal complex having an organic ligand, and a display apparatus including the light-emitting device.
- organic electroluminescence device hereinafter, also referred to as “organic EL device” as a light-emitting device.
- the organic EL device has at least one organic layer provided between electrodes.
- An organic layer may have a multi-layer structure, for example, a three-layer structure including a hole transporting layer, a light-emitting layer, and an electron transporting layer, or a four-layer structure including a hole transporting layer, a light-emitting layer, an exciton diffusion blocking layer, and an electron transporting layer.
- the hole transporting layer may be composed of ⁇ -NPD.
- the light-emitting layer may be composed of Alq3, CBP as a host doped with Ir(ppy) 3 or CBP as a host doped with PtOEP.
- the exciton diffusion blocking layer may be composed of BCP. The respective compounds are listed below in full.
- PtOEP platinum octaethylporphyrin complex
- an electron transporting material includes oxadiazole derivatives.
- Examples of an organic EL device making use of phosphorescence are reported in, for example, “Improved Energy Transfer in Electrophosphorescent Device” (D. F. O'Brien et al., Applied Physics Letters Vol. 74, No. 3, p. 422 (1999)) and “Very High-efficiency Green Organic Light-emitting Devices based on Electrophosphorescence” (M. A. Baldo et al., Applied Physics Letters Vol. 75, No. 1, p. 4 (1999)).
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-077674 discloses that an energy is converted from a triplet exciton to triplet excitation and light is emitted from the triplet excitation.
- the present invention has been made in light of solving the above-mentioned problem and therefore has an object to provide a light-emitting device that emits phosphorescence and is adequate for practical use.
- the present invention provides a light-emitting device comprising: a pair of electrodes; and a light-emitting layer provided between the pair of electrodes, wherein the light-emitting layer has a host and two kinds of dopants, and wherein each of the two kinds of dopants is a phosphorescent metal complex having an organic ligand, and among the two types of dopants, a dopant having a longer maximum-emission wavelength has a substituent in a ligand structure and is contained in the light-emitting layer at a lower concentration than the concentration of the other dopant.
- a light-emitting device emitting phosphorescence can be provided, which is adequate for practical use with a high efficiency, long lifetime, and low power consumption.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B are schematic sectional views showing two kinds of light-emitting devices according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing an emission spectrum
- FIG. 3 shows chemical structure of Alq3, ⁇ -NPD, CBP, BCP and Ir(ppy) 3 .
- FIG. 4 shows chemical structure of the organic compounds used in the light-emitting device of the present invention
- FIG. 5 shows chemical structure of the organic compounds used in the light-emitting device of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 shows chemical structure of the organic compounds used in the light-emitting device of the present invention.
- the light-emitting device of the present invention is a light-emitting device comprising a light-emitting layer having a host and two kinds of dopants, wherein each of the two kinds of dopants is a phosphorescent metal complex having an organic ligand, and wherein among the two types of dopants, a dopant having a longer maximum-emission wavelength has a substituent in a ligand structure and is contained in the light-emitting layer at a lower concentration than the concentration of the other dopant.
- light-emitting layer refers to a layer functioning to emit light among organic layers interposed between electrodes.
- host means a main component in the light-emitting layer.
- dopant means a component slightly contained in the light-emitting layer.
- each of two dopants can emit phosphorescence in the absence of the other dopant.
- the light-emitting layer may contain not only the two kinds of dopants but also any other dopants. In the presence of any other dopants, energy transfer is efficiently carried out between the two kinds of dopants and a low-concentration dopant emits light with a longer wavelength.
- the light-emitting layer may contain another component in addition to the host and dopant.
- the dopant which emits light with at least a longer wavelength (dopant with a longer maximum-emission wavelength) emits light among the two kinds of dopants.
- each of the dopants can emit light, but the dopant emitting light with a longer wavelength preferably emits light for main light emission.
- the term “main light emission” refers to emission from a dopant emitting light with a longer wavelength as the maximum-wavelength at an emission spectrum peak which can be observed from the light-emitting device.
- a spectrum peak of the two kinds of dopants in combination at the maximum emission intensity may fail to match with their respective spectrum peaks at the time when the two kinds of dopants emit light independently of each other, and slightly deviate therefrom.
- the light-emitting device of the present invention will be regarded as one capable of performing light emission from the dopant emitting light with a longer wavelength.
- a concentration of the dopant means a ratio of dopants contained in the light-emitting layer to all components in the light-emitting layer.
- the unit of the concentration is expressed by “wt. %”.
- the dopant emitting light with a longer wavelength has a substituent in a ligand structure.
- the substituent can thus reduce an intermolecular interaction and control an intermolecular quenching mechanism.
- the energy transfer to the dopant emitting phosphorescence from the other dopant capable of emitting phosphorescence can be efficiently carried out. Further, it is possible to control intermolecular quenching with the dopant emitting phosphorescence, resulting in improved emission efficiency.
- a light-emitting device that attains longer lifetime and low power consumption can be provided as the light-emitting device.
- the two kinds of dopants are preferably complexes having similar structures.
- similar structures refers to structures having the same central metal or structures having a substituent or no substituent where one dopant with the longer maximum-emission wavelength has a structure of the other dopant (unsubstituted) and a substituent thereon.
- the central metal is particularly preferably iridium, but may be platinum, copper, or rhenium.
- Ligands of both dopants are preferably 1-phenylisoquinoline.
- at least the other dopant has a ligand of benzoquinoline.
- a phosphorescence lifetime of at least the main light-emitting material is as short as 1.6 ⁇ s or less.
- a peak difference between the emission spectrum peaks specific to the main light-emitting material and an auxiliary light-emitting material (the other dopant) is 30 nm or shorter.
- the auxiliary light-emitting material (the other dopant) has structural isomers both of which are preferably contained in the light-emitting layer.
- Such a structure provides the broad emission wavelength range and facilitates the energy transfer to the main light-emitting material and/or the presence of the structural isomers having the same property prevents crystallization in the light-emitting layer.
- At least one of the electrodes is preferably transparent.
- the electrode may be suitably selected while considering electron injection property and hole injection property.
- the transparent electrode material include ITO and IZO.
- the other electrode may be composed of aluminum, gold, platinum, chromium, copper or the like alone, or may be one containing at least one of those elements.
- the light-emitting device be designed to be protected from oxygen or moisture if necessary.
- the light-emitting device may be provided with a sealing can or sealing film containing either an organic material or an inorganic material.
- the light-emitting device can be used for a display apparatus such as a display, for example, for a pixel unit or sub-pixel unit of the display.
- a display apparatus such as a display, for example, for a pixel unit or sub-pixel unit of the display.
- the term “display” refers to a display apparatus installed in a television, a personal computer, a digital camera, a camcorder, etc., or refers to a display apparatus mounted to a vehicle body.
- the light-emitting device can be used as an illuminator or a display unit of an image forming apparatus employing an electrophotographic process or an exposure light source for a photosensitive member.
- the light-emitting device may be used alone or a plurality of light-emitting devices may be used in combination.
- the devices may be driven in a passive or active matrix manner to emit light.
- the respective devices may be identical or different in emission light color.
- the light-emitting device may have a so-called bottom emission structure wherein light can be received from a substrate side or a top emission structure wherein light can be received from the side opposite to the substrate.
- the light-emitting device may have three and four organic layers, respectively.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B are schematic sectional views each showing the light-emitting device according to the present embodiment.
- Reference numeral 1 denotes a metal electrode; 2 , an electron transporting layer; 3 , a light-emitting layer; 4 , a hole transporting layer; 5 , a transparent electrode; 6 , a transparent substrate; and 7 , an exciton diffusion blocking layer.
- organic compounds used in the light-emitting device of the present invention will be shown in FIGS. 4 , 5 and 6 .
- a dopant emitting red light is shown.
- the present invention is applicable to emission in any of three primary colors, i.e., red, green, and blue, or to emission in neutral color.
- a host material used in the light-emitting layer includes CBP or TAZ, the main light-emitting material includes Ir(4F5 mpiq) 3 or Ir(4mopiq) 3 , and the unsubstituted non-light-emitting material includes Ir(bq) 3 or Ir(piq) 3 . Combination examples are summarized in Table 1.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic sectional view of a light-emitting device according to the present examples.
- Reference numeral 1 denotes the metal electrode; 2 , the electron transporting layer; 3 , the light-emitting layer; 4 , the hole transporting layer; 5 , the transparent electrode; and 6 , the transparent substrate.
- ITO was patterned and deposited to a thickness of 100 nm on a glass substrate as the transparent substrate 6 to prepare the transparent electrodes 5 having an electrode area of 3 mm 2 .
- the following organic layers and electrode layer were continuously formed by vacuum evaporation using resistance heating in a vacuum chamber at a vacuum degree of 10 ⁇ 5 Pa.
- Light-emitting layer 60 nm: CBP (host)+predetermined two kinds of phosphorescent materials (dopants)
- Electron transporting layer (50 nm): Bphen
- Metal electrode layer 2 (100 nm): Al
- CBP CBP was used as a host of the light-emitting layer, and the light-emitting layer was doped with
- Ir(bq) 3 as a short-wavelength light-emitting material unsubstituted in a concentration of 8 wt. % and with Ir(4mopiq) 3 as a long-wavelength light-emitting material in a concentration of 4 wt. % to thereby prepare a light-emitting device.
- the obtained light-emitting device was measured for an efficiency (lm/W at 600 cd/m 2 ), chromaticity (x, y) (measuring device: BM-7 available from TOPCON Co.), lifetime (luminance half-time at the time of driving at 100 mA/cm 2 (hr)), and current amount (at the time of applied voltage: 8V). Table 2 shows the result of measurements.
- the short-wavelength light-emitting material unsubstituted: Ir(bq) 3 and the long-wavelength light-emitting material: Ir(4mopiq) 3 were doped in different concentrations. Table 2 shows their respective concentrations and evaluation results of light-emitting device characteristics.
- the short-wavelength light-emitting material unsubstituted: Ir(bq) 3 and the long-wavelength light-emitting material: Ir(4mopiq) 3 were doped in different concentrations. Table 2 shows their respective concentrations and evaluation results of light-emitting device characteristics.
- a low voltage is preferred in the case of constant-current driving.
- a reference voltage was set to 8V, and a current amount was measured and evaluated.
- a current density of 70 mA/cm 2 is obtained at the reference voltage of 8 V
- a drive voltage necessary for obtaining brightness of about 300 cd/m 2 with VGA of a 0.3 mm 2 -pixel can be preferably set to around 5 V. Therefore, the value of 700 mA/cm 2 or more was judged as the mark “ ⁇ ” and the value below 700 mA/cm 2 was judged as the mark “x”.
- the luminance half-time was obtained as a result of a 50-fold acceleration test and thus, in terms of actual time, the lifetime less than 1,000 hours was judged as the mark “x”, the lifetime of 1,000 hours or more was judged as the mark “ ⁇ ”, and the lifetime of 1,500 hours or more was judged as the mark “ ⁇ ”.
- the mark “ ⁇ ” represents the lowest acceptable value and a range of the mark “ ⁇ ” is preferably used.
- the current amount and lifetime vary depending on an amount of the assist dopant.
- Ir(bq) 3 was used as the assist dopant. It was revealed that due to its concentration change, the light-emitting device characteristic was changed at a certain concentration. More specifically, the lower limit is 7 wt. % and the upper limit is 12 wt. %. A preferable concentration range is 8 wt. % or more and 10 wt. % or less.
- Table 3 The evaluation results of the current amount and the lifetime, and the assist dopant concentrations are summarized in Table 3 below.
- the efficiency and chromaticity varied depending on the content of the dopant performing the main light emission.
- the specific amount is 2 wt. % or more and 10 wt. % or less.
- the concentration of the dopant as the main light-emitting material will be preferably less than 2 wt. %, for example, 1 wt. % insofar as a desired chromaticity can be obtained. In this case, the emission light becomes light close to orange light rather than red light.
- Table 4 The evaluation results of the efficiency and the chromaticity, and the concentrations of the dopant as the main light-emitting material are summarized in Table 4 below.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing emission spectrum (Ir(bq) 3 +Ir(4mopiq) 3 ) in the case of a light emitting device in which the light-emitting layer contains Ir(4mopiq) 3 as the dopant for the main light emission, and Ir(bq) 3 as the assist dopant; an emission spectrum (Ir(4mopiq) 3 ) in the case of the device in which Ir(4mopiq) 3 solely emits light; and an emission spectrum (Ir(bq) 3 ) in the case of the device in which Ir(bq) 3 solely emits light.
- ⁇ max of Ir(4mopiq) 3 is 610 nm and ⁇ max of Ir(bq) 3 is 585 nm.
- the emission spectrum of Ir(bq) 3 +Ir(4mopiq) 3 is substantially the same as the emission spectrum of Ir(4mopiq) 3 and their maximum emission wavelength peaks are substantially the same.
- CBP CBP was used as the host of a light-emitting layer, and the light-emitting layer was doped with Ir(bq) 3 as a short-wavelength light-emitting material unsubstituted and Ir(4F5 mpiq) 3 as a long-wavelength light-emitting material in concentrations of 11 wt. % and 3 wt. %, respectively, to thereby prepare a light-emitting device.
- Table 5 shows an efficiency (lm/W at 600 cd/m 2 ) and a luminance half-time (hr) at the time of driving at 100 mA/cm 2
- Comparative Example 4 a light-emitting device was prepared similarly to Example 6 except that Ir(4F5 mpiq) 3 was doped alone in a concentration of 10 wt. %.
- Ir(4F5 mpiq) 3 was used as the short-wavelength light-emitting material
- Ir(piq) 3 was used as the long-wavelength light-emitting material
- concentrations of the respective dopants were both set to 10 wt. %.
- the devices were evaluated as in Example 6. The evaluation results of those devices are shown in Table 5.
- CBP CBP was used as the host of a light-emitting layer, and the light-emitting layer was doped with Ir(bq) 3 as the short-wavelength light-emitting material unsubstituted in a concentration of 10 wt. % and doped with Ir(4mopiq) 3 as the long-wavelength light-emitting material in concentrations of 1 wt. % and 3 wt. % to thereby prepare light-emitting devices (Examples 7 and 8).
- CBP CBP was used as the host of a light-emitting layer, and the light-emitting layer was doped with Ir(bq) 3 as the short-wavelength light-emitting material unsubstituted in a concentration of 10 wt. % and doped with Ir(piq) 3 as the long-wavelength light-emitting material in concentrations of 1 wt. % and 3 wt. % to thereby prepare ligt-emitting devices (Comparative Examples 6 and 7).
- Table 6 shows a relation between the concentration of the long-wavelength light-emitting material and the efficiency (lm/W) in the above case.
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Abstract
The object of the present invention is to provide a light-emitting device that emits phosphorescence with high efficiency. The light-emitting device of the present invention includes a host containing two kinds of dopants, wherein a dopant having a longer maximum-emission wavelength is doped in a low concentration and has a substituent.
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to a light-emitting device containing a phosphorescent metal complex having an organic ligand, and a display apparatus including the light-emitting device.
- 2. Related Background Art
- There has been known an organic electroluminescence device (hereinafter, also referred to as “organic EL device”) as a light-emitting device.
- The organic EL device has at least one organic layer provided between electrodes. An organic layer may have a multi-layer structure, for example, a three-layer structure including a hole transporting layer, a light-emitting layer, and an electron transporting layer, or a four-layer structure including a hole transporting layer, a light-emitting layer, an exciton diffusion blocking layer, and an electron transporting layer.
- The hole transporting layer may be composed of α-NPD. The light-emitting layer may be composed of Alq3, CBP as a host doped with Ir(ppy)3 or CBP as a host doped with PtOEP. The exciton diffusion blocking layer may be composed of BCP. The respective compounds are listed below in full.
- Alq3: aluminum-quinolinol complex
- α-NPD: N4,N4′-Di-naphthalen-1-yl-N4,N4′-diphenyl-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine
- CBP: 4,4′-N,N′-dicarbazole-biphenyl
- BCP: 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline
- PtOEP: platinum octaethylporphyrin complex
- Ir(ppy)3: iridium-phenylpyridine complex
- The structures of the above compounds except PtOEP are shown in
FIG. 3 . - Also, an electron transporting material includes oxadiazole derivatives.
- Examples of an organic EL device making use of phosphorescence are reported in, for example, “Improved Energy Transfer in Electrophosphorescent Device” (D. F. O'Brien et al., Applied Physics Letters Vol. 74, No. 3, p. 422 (1999)) and “Very High-efficiency Green Organic Light-emitting Devices based on Electrophosphorescence” (M. A. Baldo et al., Applied Physics Letters Vol. 75, No. 1, p. 4 (1999)).
- The technique of converting an excitation energy from triplet excitation to singlet excitation is disclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 6,310,361, Applied Physics Letters: 79, 7, 1045 (2001), and Nature: Vol. 403, 750 (2000).
- Besides, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-077674 discloses that an energy is converted from a triplet exciton to triplet excitation and light is emitted from the triplet excitation.
- However, none of the above techniques offer a satisfactory device in terms of phosphorescence efficiency, device lifetime, and power consumption.
- The present invention has been made in light of solving the above-mentioned problem and therefore has an object to provide a light-emitting device that emits phosphorescence and is adequate for practical use.
- Therefore, the present invention provides a light-emitting device comprising: a pair of electrodes; and a light-emitting layer provided between the pair of electrodes, wherein the light-emitting layer has a host and two kinds of dopants, and wherein each of the two kinds of dopants is a phosphorescent metal complex having an organic ligand, and among the two types of dopants, a dopant having a longer maximum-emission wavelength has a substituent in a ligand structure and is contained in the light-emitting layer at a lower concentration than the concentration of the other dopant.
- According to the present invention, a light-emitting device emitting phosphorescence can be provided, which is adequate for practical use with a high efficiency, long lifetime, and low power consumption.
-
FIGS. 1A and 1B are schematic sectional views showing two kinds of light-emitting devices according to the present invention; -
FIG. 2 is a graph showing an emission spectrum; -
FIG. 3 shows chemical structure of Alq3, α-NPD, CBP, BCP and Ir(ppy)3. -
FIG. 4 shows chemical structure of the organic compounds used in the light-emitting device of the present invention; -
FIG. 5 shows chemical structure of the organic compounds used in the light-emitting device of the present invention; and -
FIG. 6 shows chemical structure of the organic compounds used in the light-emitting device of the present invention. - The light-emitting device of the present invention is a light-emitting device comprising a light-emitting layer having a host and two kinds of dopants, wherein each of the two kinds of dopants is a phosphorescent metal complex having an organic ligand, and wherein among the two types of dopants, a dopant having a longer maximum-emission wavelength has a substituent in a ligand structure and is contained in the light-emitting layer at a lower concentration than the concentration of the other dopant.
- The term “light-emitting layer” used herein refers to a layer functioning to emit light among organic layers interposed between electrodes. The term “host” means a main component in the light-emitting layer. Thus, the term “dopant” means a component slightly contained in the light-emitting layer.
- In the present invention, each of two dopants can emit phosphorescence in the absence of the other dopant.
- The light-emitting layer may contain not only the two kinds of dopants but also any other dopants. In the presence of any other dopants, energy transfer is efficiently carried out between the two kinds of dopants and a low-concentration dopant emits light with a longer wavelength.
- The light-emitting layer may contain another component in addition to the host and dopant.
- In the light-emitting device, the dopant which emits light with at least a longer wavelength (dopant with a longer maximum-emission wavelength) emits light among the two kinds of dopants. Of course, each of the dopants can emit light, but the dopant emitting light with a longer wavelength preferably emits light for main light emission. The term “main light emission” refers to emission from a dopant emitting light with a longer wavelength as the maximum-wavelength at an emission spectrum peak which can be observed from the light-emitting device. In the presence of two dopants different in wavelength, a spectrum peak of the two kinds of dopants in combination at the maximum emission intensity may fail to match with their respective spectrum peaks at the time when the two kinds of dopants emit light independently of each other, and slightly deviate therefrom. In the present invention, it is preferable to adopt light emission spectrum peak of those spectrum peaks, which is closer to the emission spectrum peak of the dopant emitting light with a longer wavelength, and is farther from an emission spectrum peak of the dopant (the other dopant) emitting light with a shorter wavelength. Based on the above, the light-emitting device of the present invention will be regarded as one capable of performing light emission from the dopant emitting light with a longer wavelength.
- A concentration of the dopant means a ratio of dopants contained in the light-emitting layer to all components in the light-emitting layer. The unit of the concentration is expressed by “wt. %”.
- The dopant emitting light with a longer wavelength has a substituent in a ligand structure. The substituent can thus reduce an intermolecular interaction and control an intermolecular quenching mechanism.
- With such a structure, the energy transfer to the dopant emitting phosphorescence from the other dopant capable of emitting phosphorescence (assist dopant) can be efficiently carried out. Further, it is possible to control intermolecular quenching with the dopant emitting phosphorescence, resulting in improved emission efficiency. Thus, a light-emitting device that attains longer lifetime and low power consumption can be provided as the light-emitting device.
- In the present invention, the two kinds of dopants are preferably complexes having similar structures. The term “similar structures” refers to structures having the same central metal or structures having a substituent or no substituent where one dopant with the longer maximum-emission wavelength has a structure of the other dopant (unsubstituted) and a substituent thereon. The central metal is particularly preferably iridium, but may be platinum, copper, or rhenium. Ligands of both dopants are preferably 1-phenylisoquinoline. As another preferable example, at least the other dopant has a ligand of benzoquinoline.
- In the present invention, preferably, a phosphorescence lifetime of at least the main light-emitting material (dopant with the longer maximum-emission wavelength) is as short as 1.6 μs or less.
- Also, in the present invention, preferably, a peak difference between the emission spectrum peaks specific to the main light-emitting material and an auxiliary light-emitting material (the other dopant) is 30 nm or shorter. With such a relation, the energy transfer between the two dopants can be facilitated and/or even with the two kinds of dopants, it is possible to visually reproduce color of main light emission.
- Also, in the present invention, preferably, the auxiliary light-emitting material (the other dopant) has structural isomers both of which are preferably contained in the light-emitting layer. Such a structure provides the broad emission wavelength range and facilitates the energy transfer to the main light-emitting material and/or the presence of the structural isomers having the same property prevents crystallization in the light-emitting layer.
- At least one of the electrodes is preferably transparent. Also, the electrode may be suitably selected while considering electron injection property and hole injection property. Examples of the transparent electrode material include ITO and IZO. The other electrode may be composed of aluminum, gold, platinum, chromium, copper or the like alone, or may be one containing at least one of those elements.
- It is also preferable that the light-emitting device be designed to be protected from oxygen or moisture if necessary. For example, the light-emitting device may be provided with a sealing can or sealing film containing either an organic material or an inorganic material.
- In the present invention, the light-emitting device can be used for a display apparatus such as a display, for example, for a pixel unit or sub-pixel unit of the display. The term “display” refers to a display apparatus installed in a television, a personal computer, a digital camera, a camcorder, etc., or refers to a display apparatus mounted to a vehicle body. Alternatively, the light-emitting device can be used as an illuminator or a display unit of an image forming apparatus employing an electrophotographic process or an exposure light source for a photosensitive member.
- The light-emitting device may be used alone or a plurality of light-emitting devices may be used in combination. In the case of using the plurality of the devices, the devices may be driven in a passive or active matrix manner to emit light. Also, in such a case, the respective devices may be identical or different in emission light color. In the case of using the plurality of the devices different in emission light color, it is possible to carry out full-color emission. Also, the light-emitting device may have a so-called bottom emission structure wherein light can be received from a substrate side or a top emission structure wherein light can be received from the side opposite to the substrate.
- As shown in
FIGS. 1A and 1B , the light-emitting device may have three and four organic layers, respectively.FIGS. 1A and 1B are schematic sectional views each showing the light-emitting device according to the present embodiment.Reference numeral 1 denotes a metal electrode; 2, an electron transporting layer; 3, a light-emitting layer; 4, a hole transporting layer; 5, a transparent electrode; 6, a transparent substrate; and 7, an exciton diffusion blocking layer. - Next, organic compounds used in the light-emitting device of the present invention will be shown in
FIGS. 4 , 5 and 6. In particular, a dopant emitting red light is shown. However, the present invention is applicable to emission in any of three primary colors, i.e., red, green, and blue, or to emission in neutral color. - A host material used in the light-emitting layer includes CBP or TAZ, the main light-emitting material includes Ir(4F5 mpiq)3 or Ir(4mopiq)3, and the unsubstituted non-light-emitting material includes Ir(bq)3 or Ir(piq)3. Combination examples are summarized in Table 1.
-
Emission Emission First dopant wavelength Second dopant wavelength Ligand (nm) Ligand (nm) Ir(bq)3 585 Ir(4Fpiq)3 605 Ir(4F5mpiq)3 610 Ir(4mopiq)3 610 Ir(4mpiq)3 615 Ir(C6piq)3 615 Ir(4CF3piq)3 605 Ir(popiq)3 610 Ir(4Fp5Fiq)3 605 Ir(4F5Mp5Fiq)3 615 Ir(4CF3p5Fiq)3 610 Ir(4Fp4Fiq)3 610 Ir(ppy)3 510 Ir(5Fppy)3 525 Ir(P-4CF3-py)3 540 Ir(5CF3-ppy)3 520 Ir(dbq)3 510 Ir(5Fppy)3 525 Ir(P-4CF3-py)3 540 Ir(5CF3-ppy)3 520 Ir(piq)3 620 Ir(C8piq)3 620 Ir(C2piq)3 620 Ir(5Fpiq)3 625 Ir(5ppiq)3 625 Ir(Fliq)3 650 Ir(p5Fiq)3 625 Ir(C4p5Fiq)3 625 Ir(4F5Mp4Fiq)3 620 - In the following examples, as a device structure, a device having three organic layers as shown in
FIG. 1A was used.FIG. 1A is a schematic sectional view of a light-emitting device according to the present examples.Reference numeral 1 denotes the metal electrode; 2, the electron transporting layer; 3, the light-emitting layer; 4, the hole transporting layer; 5, the transparent electrode; and 6, the transparent substrate. - ITO was patterned and deposited to a thickness of 100 nm on a glass substrate as the
transparent substrate 6 to prepare thetransparent electrodes 5 having an electrode area of 3 mm2. The following organic layers and electrode layer were continuously formed by vacuum evaporation using resistance heating in a vacuum chamber at a vacuum degree of 10−5 Pa. - Hole transporting layer (40 nm): FL03
- Light-emitting layer (60 nm): CBP (host)+predetermined two kinds of phosphorescent materials (dopants)
- Electron transporting layer (50 nm): Bphen
- Metal electrode layer 1 (10 nm): KF
- Metal electrode layer 2 (100 nm): Al
- CBP was used as a host of the light-emitting layer, and the light-emitting layer was doped with
- Ir(bq)3 as a short-wavelength light-emitting material unsubstituted in a concentration of 8 wt. % and with Ir(4mopiq)3 as a long-wavelength light-emitting material in a concentration of 4 wt. % to thereby prepare a light-emitting device. The obtained light-emitting device was measured for an efficiency (lm/W at 600 cd/m2), chromaticity (x, y) (measuring device: BM-7 available from TOPCON Co.), lifetime (luminance half-time at the time of driving at 100 mA/cm2 (hr)), and current amount (at the time of applied voltage: 8V). Table 2 shows the result of measurements.
- The short-wavelength light-emitting material unsubstituted: Ir(bq)3 and the long-wavelength light-emitting material: Ir(4mopiq)3 were doped in different concentrations. Table 2 shows their respective concentrations and evaluation results of light-emitting device characteristics.
- The short-wavelength light-emitting material unsubstituted: Ir(bq)3 and the long-wavelength light-emitting material: Ir(4mopiq)3 were doped in different concentrations. Table 2 shows their respective concentrations and evaluation results of light-emitting device characteristics.
- The light-emitting layer of each of Examples 1 to 6 of the present invention and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 had the structural isomers of Ir(bq)3. It was confirmed that facial: meridional=95:5.
-
TABLE 2 Chromaticity Current amount Doping CIE Lifetime (hr) (mA/cm2) concentration (%) Efficiency coordinates Luminance Applied Ir(bq)3 Ir(4mopiq)3 lm/W Evaluation (x, y) Evaluation half-time Evaluation with 8 V Evaluation Example 1 8 4 10.3 ∘ 0.65, 0.35 ∘ 40 ∘ 144 ∘ Example 2 7 4 10.1 ∘ 0.65, 0.35 ∘ 26 Δ 118 ∘ Example 3 10 2 12.2 ∘ 0.63, 0.36 Δ 26 Δ 88 ∘ Example 4 10 5 10 ∘ 0.65, 0.35 ∘ 34 ∘ 92 ∘ Example 5 12 3 11.8 ∘ 0.64, 0.36 ∘ 23 Δ 282 ∘ Comparative 6 1 10.5 ∘ 0.62, 0.37 x 23 Δ 69 x Example 1 Comparative 10 0 21.4 ∘ 0.52, 0.47 x 35 ∘ 189 ∘ Example 2 Comparative 0 10 7.3 Δ 0.66, 0.34 ∘ 11 x 66 x Example 3 - In Table 2, the mark “∘” ranks as the most adequate for practical use, and the ranking order is ∘>Δ>x.
- Considering the efficiency, efficiency of a device of Comparative Example 3 that did not contain an assist dopant, i.e., Ir(bq)3 was used as a reference (represented by the mark “Δ” in Table 2) and efficiency of 10 lm/W or more was judged as the mark “∘”.
- As regards the current amount, a low voltage is preferred in the case of constant-current driving. Hence, a reference voltage was set to 8V, and a current amount was measured and evaluated. When a current density of 70 mA/cm2 is obtained at the reference voltage of 8 V, a drive voltage necessary for obtaining brightness of about 300 cd/m2 with VGA of a 0.3 mm2-pixel can be preferably set to around 5 V. Therefore, the value of 700 mA/cm2 or more was judged as the mark “∘” and the value below 700 mA/cm2 was judged as the mark “x”.
- Regarding the lifetime, the luminance half-time was obtained as a result of a 50-fold acceleration test and thus, in terms of actual time, the lifetime less than 1,000 hours was judged as the mark “x”, the lifetime of 1,000 hours or more was judged as the mark “Δ”, and the lifetime of 1,500 hours or more was judged as the mark “∘”.
- Regarding the chromaticity, a value deviated by 6% or less from an NTSC standard (red chromaticity coordinates: x=0.68, y=0.32) was used as a reference, the chromaticity with x less than 0.63 was judged as the mark “x”, the chromaticity with x equal to 0.63 was judged as the mark “Δ”, and the chromaticity with x of 0.64 or more and y of 0.34 or more was judged as the mark “∘” for red light emission. Here, the mark “Δ” represents the lowest acceptable value and a range of the mark “∘” is preferably used.
- The current amount and lifetime vary depending on an amount of the assist dopant. In these example, Ir(bq)3 was used as the assist dopant. It was revealed that due to its concentration change, the light-emitting device characteristic was changed at a certain concentration. More specifically, the lower limit is 7 wt. % and the upper limit is 12 wt. %. A preferable concentration range is 8 wt. % or more and 10 wt. % or less. The evaluation results of the current amount and the lifetime, and the assist dopant concentrations are summarized in Table 3 below.
-
TABLE 3 Doping concentration of Ir(bq)3 Concentration 0% 6% 7% 8% 10% 12% Current x x ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ Lifetime x x Δ ∘ ∘ Δ - From the above, it was found that the efficiency and chromaticity varied depending on the content of the dopant performing the main light emission. The specific amount is 2 wt. % or more and 10 wt. % or less. In the present examples, in order to emit light of red as a primary color, the evaluation result that the doping concentration of Ir(4mopiq)3 was 1 wt. % is judged as the mark “x”. However, the concentration of the dopant as the main light-emitting material will be preferably less than 2 wt. %, for example, 1 wt. % insofar as a desired chromaticity can be obtained. In this case, the emission light becomes light close to orange light rather than red light. The evaluation results of the efficiency and the chromaticity, and the concentrations of the dopant as the main light-emitting material are summarized in Table 4 below.
-
TABLE 4 Doping concentration of Ir(4mopiq)3 Concentration 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 10% Efficiency ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ Δ Chromaticity x x Δ ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ -
FIG. 2 is a graph showing emission spectrum (Ir(bq)3+Ir(4mopiq)3) in the case of a light emitting device in which the light-emitting layer contains Ir(4mopiq)3 as the dopant for the main light emission, and Ir(bq)3 as the assist dopant; an emission spectrum (Ir(4mopiq)3) in the case of the device in which Ir(4mopiq)3 solely emits light; and an emission spectrum (Ir(bq)3) in the case of the device in which Ir(bq)3 solely emits light. In the graph, λmax of Ir(4mopiq)3 is 610 nm and λmax of Ir(bq)3 is 585 nm. As apparent from the graph, the emission spectrum of Ir(bq)3+Ir(4mopiq)3 is substantially the same as the emission spectrum of Ir(4mopiq)3 and their maximum emission wavelength peaks are substantially the same. - Further, it was confirmed that as for Ir(4mopiq)3 doped at the higher concentration, an effect was obtained at a concentration of 10% or less from the viewpoint of efficiency (lm/W).
- CBP was used as the host of a light-emitting layer, and the light-emitting layer was doped with Ir(bq)3 as a short-wavelength light-emitting material unsubstituted and Ir(4F5 mpiq)3 as a long-wavelength light-emitting material in concentrations of 11 wt. % and 3 wt. %, respectively, to thereby prepare a light-emitting device.
- Table 5 shows an efficiency (lm/W at 600 cd/m2) and a luminance half-time (hr) at the time of driving at 100 mA/cm2
- In Comparative Example 4, a light-emitting device was prepared similarly to Example 6 except that Ir(4F5 mpiq)3 was doped alone in a concentration of 10 wt. %. In Comparative Example 5, Ir(4F5 mpiq)3 was used as the short-wavelength light-emitting material, Ir(piq)3 was used as the long-wavelength light-emitting material, and the concentrations of the respective dopants were both set to 10 wt. %. The devices were evaluated as in Example 6. The evaluation results of those devices are shown in Table 5.
-
TABLE 5 lm/W Half-time (hr) Example 6 11.0 40 Comparative Example 4 7.3 1 Comparative Example 5 4.9 2.2 - Spectrum measurement (measuring device: SR-1 available from TOPCON Co.) revealed that the main light-emitting material in Example 6 and Comparative Example 4 was Ir(4F5 mpiq)3, and the main light emitting material in Comparative Example 5 was Ir(piq)3.
- As apparent from Table 5, doping CBP with the mixture of Ir(4F5 mpiq)3 and Ir(bq)3 improved efficiency rather than doping CBP with Ir(4F5 mpiq)3 alone, and in addition, a main light-emitting material having a substituent showed effects.
- CBP was used as the host of a light-emitting layer, and the light-emitting layer was doped with Ir(bq)3 as the short-wavelength light-emitting material unsubstituted in a concentration of 10 wt. % and doped with Ir(4mopiq)3 as the long-wavelength light-emitting material in concentrations of 1 wt. % and 3 wt. % to thereby prepare light-emitting devices (Examples 7 and 8). CBP was used as the host of a light-emitting layer, and the light-emitting layer was doped with Ir(bq)3 as the short-wavelength light-emitting material unsubstituted in a concentration of 10 wt. % and doped with Ir(piq)3 as the long-wavelength light-emitting material in concentrations of 1 wt. % and 3 wt. % to thereby prepare ligt-emitting devices (Comparative Examples 6 and 7). Table 6 shows a relation between the concentration of the long-wavelength light-emitting material and the efficiency (lm/W) in the above case.
-
TABLE 6 1% 3% Ir(4mopiq)3 19.7 cd/A (Example 7) 17.2 cd/A (Example 8) Ir(piq)3 12 cd/A (Comparative 7.7 cd/A (Comparative Example 6) Example 7) - It was revealed from Table 6 that an iridium complex having a substituent was less likely to decrease its efficiency at a higher concentration. Ir(piq)3 having no substituent decreased its efficiency down to 60% when its concentration was changed from 1% to 3%, while Ir(4mopiq)3 having a substituent could keep its efficiency at 90% when its concentration was changed from 1% to 3%.
- This application claims priority from Japanese Patent Applications No. 2003-305851 filed Aug. 29, 2003 and No. 2004-225630 filed Aug. 2, 2004, which are hereby incorporated by reference herein.
Claims (22)
1-9. (canceled)
10. A light-emitting device comprising:
(a) a pair of electrodes; and
(b) a light-emitting layer provided between the pair of electrodes,
wherein the light-emitting layer has a host, a first dopant and a second dopant, and
wherein (i) each of the first and second dopants is a phosphorescent metal complex having an organic ligand,
(ii) a maximum-emission wavelength of the first dopant is longer than a maximum-emission wavelength of the second dopant,
(iii) an amount of the first dopant present in the light emitting layer is less than an amount of the second dopant present in the light emitting layer, and
(iv) the second dopant is contained in the light-emitting layer in an amount of 7% by weight or more based on the total weight of the light-emitting layer.
12. A light-emitting device according to claim 10 , wherein the second dopant transfers energy to the first dopant.
13. A light-emitting device according to claim 12 , wherein a difference between the maximum-emission wavelength of the first dopant and the maximum-emission wavelength of the second dopant is 30 nm or less.
14. A light-emitting device according to claim 12 , wherein the second dopant is composed of structural isomers.
15. A light-emitting device according to claim 10 , wherein at least one of the pair of electrodes is a transparent electrode.
16. A light-emitting device according to claim 15 , wherein the transparent electrode is ITO or IZO.
17. A digital camera on which a light-emitting device according to claim 10 is mounted.
18. A camcorder on which a light-emitting device according to claim 10 is mounted.
19. A vehicle body on which a light-emitting device according to claim 10 is mounted.
20. An image forming apparatus for an electrophotographic system, wherein a light-emitting device according to claim 10 is present in a display part of the image forming apparatus.
21. An image forming apparatus for an electrophotographic system, wherein a light-emitting device according to claim 10 is mounted as an exposure light source for a photosensitive member of the image forming apparatus.
22. A plurality of passive driven light-emitting devices according to claim 10 .
23. A plurality of active driven light-emitting devices according to claim 10 .
24. A plurality of light-emitting devices according to claim 23 , which emit monochromatic light.
25. A plurality of light-emitting devices according to claim 23 , which emit lights different in color, respectively.
26. A plurality of light-emitting devices according to claim 25 , which emit full-color light.
27. A bottom emission light-emitting device according to claim 10 .
28. A top emission light-emitting device according to claim 10 .
29. A light-emitting device according to claim 10 , which emits light having any one of three primary colors of red, green and blue.
30. A light-emitting device according to claim 10 , which emits light having a neutral color.
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US20080265761A1 (en) * | 2001-06-15 | 2008-10-30 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Light emitting device having dopants in a light emitting layer |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP4455211B2 (en) | 2010-04-21 |
JP2005100957A (en) | 2005-04-14 |
US7388327B2 (en) | 2008-06-17 |
US20050084710A1 (en) | 2005-04-21 |
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