US20090045996A1 - Combined IR-RF combat identification friend-or-foe (IFF) system for the dismounted soldier - Google Patents
Combined IR-RF combat identification friend-or-foe (IFF) system for the dismounted soldier Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20090045996A1 US20090045996A1 US12/022,982 US2298208A US2009045996A1 US 20090045996 A1 US20090045996 A1 US 20090045996A1 US 2298208 A US2298208 A US 2298208A US 2009045996 A1 US2009045996 A1 US 2009045996A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- response
- signal
- request
- friendly
- signals
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 29
- 230000000739 chaotic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003405 preventing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920003266 Leaf® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003467 diminishing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001525 retina Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000005236 sound signal Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A17/00—Safety arrangements, e.g. safeties
- F41A17/08—Safety arrangements, e.g. safeties for inhibiting firing in a specified direction, e.g. at a friendly person or at a protected area
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
- A61B5/6813—Specially adapted to be attached to a specific body part
- A61B5/6814—Head
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
- F41G1/00—Sighting devices
- F41G1/32—Night sights, e.g. luminescent
- F41G1/34—Night sights, e.g. luminescent combined with light source, e.g. spot light
- F41G1/35—Night sights, e.g. luminescent combined with light source, e.g. spot light for illuminating the target, e.g. flash lights
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41J—TARGETS; TARGET RANGES; BULLET CATCHERS
- F41J2/00—Reflecting targets, e.g. radar-reflector targets; Active targets transmitting electromagnetic or acoustic waves
- F41J2/02—Active targets transmitting infrared radiation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/74—Systems using reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. IFF, i.e. identification of friend or foe
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/024—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate
- A61B5/02438—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate with portable devices, e.g. worn by the patient
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to combat identification systems for the dismounted soldier and more particularly to a secure covert identification as friend or foe (IFF) system for interrogating a dismounted soldier with a coded infrared (IR) and radio (RF) signals, which are received and encoded by the target that sends combined response signal to prevent a friendly fire.
- IFF friend or foe
- IFF inverse-radial frequency division multiple access
- the military platform commanders target friend-or-foe identification presents a difficult decision for a military platform commander, who must decide whether to engage a detected target while avoiding accidental fratricide.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,966,226 issued to Gerber describes an active combat IFF system for a dismounted soldier that includes a weapon-mounted laser transmitter for interrogating suspected targets and a harness including means for receiving the interrogatory signal and means for responding with an encoded radio, acoustic or optical signal.
- An optical interrogator has a sharp beam providing secure covert identification, but can reach the target only when the line laser transmitter—optical detector mounted on the friendly target is not shaded by any objects, such as leafs, woods, walls, etc.
- RF one passes through the objects, which are not transparent for optical signals, but RF interrogator has very wide diagram because it has thousands times longer wavelength than optical signal. Therefore, the RF antenna with 30-mm aperture has the transmitting/receiving diagram of 37 arc degrees at 8-mm RF wavelength (Ka band). Such wide diagram does not allow recognizing each individual soldier; and the response signal comes from such large area too.
- optical signal can be shaded by some not-transparent objects and RF response can be received from a number of response units simultaneously.
- RF response signal shows that some friendly soldiers are behind a fence and tells the shooter to not open a chaotic fire towards direction.
- IR optical and RF one can allow identifying friendly soldiers in these both cases.
- a shooter uses RF channel only that can give him information about a presence of some friendly soldiers in 37-arc degree sector directed along the sightline; it can prevent a chaotic fire that is very often in such situation.
- all channels may be used, where the RF one provides brief information about possible presence of friendly soldiers is the suspicious sector and, after this IR optical channel is used.
- the IR IFF system described in the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/685,682 consists of two separate units—the request one mounted on small arms and the response one mounted on a helmet of soldier.
- the laser transmitter of the request unit installed on a rifle emits a sharp beam that is wide enough to illuminate the optical receiver(s) mounted on the helmet or uniform of the soldier.
- the response unit sends a coded optical response signal to the request unit; this signal that reaches the request unit and, being decoded, activates the simple optical alarm signal telling the shooter that “it is a friendly target”.
- the optical signal received by the response unit simultaneously activates a distinctive sound signal (sounded by a headphone or buzzer) informing the soldier that “he could be under a friendly fire”.
- This embodiment proposes the laser beam with divergence of 4 milliradians that illuminates the circle of 2-meter diameter at 500-meter distance. Such beam divergence is close to the optimal one, because a wider beam could illuminate several targets simultaneously causing inappropriate responses, and, also, diminishing the security of this system, but a very narrow beam (proposed in some mentioned above patents), in many cases, could miss the sensor, especially at short distances, so IFF detection will fail.
- IR radiation emitted by lasers of the units has wavelength of 1550 nm that is the standard for fiber-optical (FO) telecommunication lines. So, such telecommunication laser transmitters, receivers and associated electronics are very well developed, inexpensive and widely available on the market. Moreover, the radiation of these wavelengths is safe to the human eye, because, unlike the wavelength shorter than 1000 nm, it is not transparent for human eye, so it can not be focused on the retina.
- FO fiber-optical
- the response unit described in the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/685,682 is comprised of an optical assembly consisting of a number of separated receiving-transmitting optical units attached to the belt of harness, or built in specially designed helmet, wherein each of them contains optical receiver and transmitting laser diode (LD) equipped with receiving and transmitting lenses.
- LD laser diode
- These optical units are electrically connected to the electronic processing unit that detects the direction of received signal, decodes it and develops a response one. Therefore, the response unit of this embodiment sends an optical response signal towards the sector from which it receives the request signal.
- the present invention is based on the art described in the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/685,682 and solves the above-described problems by providing a combined IR-RF system, which can be used in both combat situations: when the sightline is not shaded and when the sightline is obstructed.
- FIG. 1 illustrates cases of operation of IFF system of the preferred embodiment of the present invention in battlefield conditions.
- FIG. 2 depicts the schematic diagram of IFF system of the preferred embodiment.
- FIG. 3 depicts the block diagram of the RF interrogator of the preferred embodiment.
- FIG. 4 depicts the block diagram of the RF transponder of the preferred embodiment.
- FIG. 2 The schematic diagram of IFF system of the present invention is depicted in FIG. 2 . It includes two independent channels: IR optical channel—the object of the invention described in the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/685,682—and the additional RF one. Each channel includes a weapon-mounted IFF interrogatory unit for each soldier and active helmet-mounted identification as a friend or foe (IFF) response unit. Infrared (IR) channels are employed in both units—the request and response ones—as described in the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/685,682.
- the additional RF channel utilizes the short-wavelength (Ka band) RF signal that allows emitting RF signal in a relatively narrow (for small 30-mm-aperture antenna) sector of 37 arc degrees directed along the sightline.
- Ka-band RF channel The hardware of Ka-band RF channel is well-developed, has a small size and weight, and inexpensive.
- the request unit contains the IR transmitting/receiving optical unit equipped with short fiber-optic line 4 and lens 1 , RF transmitting/receiving antenna 2 , electronic block 3 and alert light 5 .
- the response unit contains the set of optical receiving/transmitting blocks 6 , RF receiving/transmitting antenna 7 , electronic block 8 and alert buzzer 9 .
- the detailed block diagram of RF request channel is depicted in FIG. 3 .
- the single electronic block which is common for both—IR (positions 1 and 2 on FIG. 3 ) and RF—channels, contains microprocessor 8 , flush memory 9 , USB port 10 , alert LED 14 and switch 13 . It develops coded request signals, decodes input response signal and activates alert LED 14 . To separate the alert signals coming from IR and RF channels, the LED 14 can blink when it is activated by the RF signal, or change color to yellow, for example.
- the RF channel uses the RF transponder, which consists of receiving and transmitting channels.
- the transmitting channel contains pre-amplifier-modulator 7 and power amplifier 5 feeding antenna 3 via input/output switch 4 .
- the receiving channel contains detector-amplifier-former 6 that detects (demodulates), amplifies and fixes shape of digital RF signals coming from transmitting/receiving antenna 3 via switch 4 .
- Pre-amplifier-modulator 7 modulates and amplifies the digital electric signals developed by processor 8 .
- Power amplifier 5 provides necessary power of output signal that is transmitted to the response unit via antenna 3 .
- Received by antenna 3 RF response signal is demodulated and pre-amplified by detector-amplifier-former 6 that, also, standardizes digital output signal entering processor 8 . Because the RF transponder uses single antenna 3 for transmitting and receiving, it utilizes RF switch 4 to change modes from transmitting to receiving one and wise versa. The switch 4 is controlled by processor 8 .
- RF transponder of the present invention utilizes Ka-waveband.
- the hardware of this waveband is well-developed (particularly, for satellite communication) and inexpensive.
- the detailed block diagram of RF channel of the response unit is depicted in FIG. 4 .
- the RF channel of the response unit contains the blocks that are similar to the ones of the request unit. The only difference is antenna 3 , which has wide diagram that covers hemisphere so providing single response for all request signals coming from any direction.
- the multi-channel IR unit of the response unit is described in details in the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/685,682.
- the response unit contains single electronic block, which is common for both—IR (positions 1 and 2 on FIG. 4 ) and RF—channels, consisting of microprocessor 8 , flush memory 9 , USB port 10 , alert buzzer 14 and switch 13 . It processes an input request signal, activates alert buzzer 14 and develops coded request signals. To separate the alert signals coming from IR and RF channels, the buzzer 14 can sound by short signals if it is activated by the RF signal, or change tone of the sound, for example.
- the RF channel which is similar to one of the request signal, uses the RF transponder, which consists of receiving and transmitting channels.
- the receiving channel contains detector-amplifier-former 6 that detects (demodulates), amplifies and fixes shape of digital RF signals coming from transmitting/receiving antenna 3 via switch 4 .
- the pre-amplifier-modulator 7 modulates and amplifies the digital electric signals developed by processor 8 .
- the power amplifier 5 provides necessary power of output signal that is transmitted to the response unit via antenna 3 .
- Received by antenna 3 RF response signal is demodulated and pre-amplified by the detector-amplifier-former 6 that, also, standardizes the digital output signal entering processor 8 . Because the RF transponder uses a single antenna 3 for transmitting and receiving, it utilizes the RF switch 4 to change modes from transmitting to receiving one and vise versa.
- the switch 4 is controlled by processor 8 .
- the request and response signals utilize different frequencies, wherein the response RF signal is in compliance with STANAG4579 standard.
- Such solution additionally allows monitoring battlefield situation.
- the request and response signals are shifted in time in such a way when the response signal is delayed against the request one for a specific time—a portion of millisecond. It means that the request unit switches to the receiving channel only after this specific time and holds it on for a short time period of a portion of millisecond—the time that is necessary to receive the response signal. Thus, it allows the system rejecting the RF signals coming from other sources.
- the request signal also, activates IR channel, which becomes active for a short period of time—the time that is necessary for optical signal to exchange between the response and request units. This solution allows the response unit saving energy of the power supply.
- the request unit sends RF signal towards the area to which the sightline is directed. It activates the response units of friendly soldiers that are in this area. These units send response RF signals, which are received by the request unit of the shooter and give to him alert signal: “Friendly soldiers are in the area”. Simultaneously, the request signal activates IR channels of the response units of these friendly soldiers. So, if the shooter continues operation and directly targets any of these friendly soldiers, the IR channel of the targeted soldier sends IR response signal so preventing friendly fire. If the shooter cancels the operation, IR channels of the response units of these soldiers become automatically inactivated after a short period of time; and only receivers of RF channels still working in waiting mode.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
- Optical Communication System (AREA)
Abstract
Combined IR-RF combat identification friend-or-foe (IFF) system for the dismounted soldier comprising IR-RF interrogator mounted on a small arms and IR-RF transponder mounted on a friendly target, wherein sharp-diagram K-band RF channel provides brief information about friendly targets that could be in attacked area, and if they are, develop alert signal: “Friendly soldiers are in the area”. IR channel of the system prevents friendly fire in the case of direct sighting to a friendly soldier.
Description
- The present invention is the continuation of the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/685,682 filed Mar. 13, 2007 by the authors of the present invention.
- This invention relates generally to combat identification systems for the dismounted soldier and more particularly to a secure covert identification as friend or foe (IFF) system for interrogating a dismounted soldier with a coded infrared (IR) and radio (RF) signals, which are received and encoded by the target that sends combined response signal to prevent a friendly fire.
- The Dismounted Armed Forces have an interest in the remote identification of a person as friend or foe, particularly to prevent friendly fire in armed conflicts. Identification as friend or foe (IFF) systems are well-known for decades for military aircraft. Such systems are based on RF transmission and very useful for preventing action against friendly aircrafts.
- The military platform commanders target friend-or-foe identification presents a difficult decision for a military platform commander, who must decide whether to engage a detected target while avoiding accidental fratricide.
- This problem is even more difficult for the dismounted soldier who may be moving covertly through an unknown combat zone at night with a limited visibility. U.S. Pat. No. 4,851,849 issued to Otto Albersdoerfer describes a typical active IFF RF technique for a military vehicle, which is equipped with a RF transponder that emits a coded return signal when an interrogating radar pulse is detected by its receiver.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,686,722 issued to Dobois et al. describes an active optical IFF technique for vehicles uses a selective wavelength optical coding system with tunable optical beacons mounted on each vehicle.
- Also, U.S. Pat. No. 5,966,226 issued to Gerber describes an active combat IFF system for a dismounted soldier that includes a weapon-mounted laser transmitter for interrogating suspected targets and a harness including means for receiving the interrogatory signal and means for responding with an encoded radio, acoustic or optical signal.
- Therefore, all mentioned and similar IFF systems utilize all-optical, all-radio or combined solutions, where the combined ones use an optical interrogating signal and RF response signal.
- All these systems have obvious disadvantages that could be critical in battlefield conditions. An optical interrogator has a sharp beam providing secure covert identification, but can reach the target only when the line laser transmitter—optical detector mounted on the friendly target is not shaded by any objects, such as leafs, woods, walls, etc. Unlike optical signal, RF one passes through the objects, which are not transparent for optical signals, but RF interrogator has very wide diagram because it has thousands times longer wavelength than optical signal. Therefore, the RF antenna with 30-mm aperture has the transmitting/receiving diagram of 37 arc degrees at 8-mm RF wavelength (Ka band). Such wide diagram does not allow recognizing each individual soldier; and the response signal comes from such large area too.
- The attempts to make a combined system utilizing optical interrogator and RF response unit cannot provide solution because such system inherits the disadvantages of optical and RF systems. Here, optical signal can be shaded by some not-transparent objects and RF response can be received from a number of response units simultaneously.
- There are two distinctive situations on a battlefield:
-
- Sightline is not shaded, so all-optical IFF system works.
- Sightline is obstructed, or somebody, probably enemy soldiers are hiding in trees, behind a fence, inside a building, etc. In this case all-optical IFF system is useless. RF system works and can provide general warning, if some friendly soldiers are there.
- These situations are illustrated on
FIG. 1 . In the case B (seeFIG. 1 ) RF response signal shows that some friendly soldiers are behind a fence and tells the shooter to not open a chaotic fire towards direction. - Therefore, only combination of two independent channels, IR optical and RF one, can allow identifying friendly soldiers in these both cases. Here, in the second case, a shooter uses RF channel only that can give him information about a presence of some friendly soldiers in 37-arc degree sector directed along the sightline; it can prevent a chaotic fire that is very often in such situation.
- In the first case, when the sightline is not obstructed, a shooter uses IR optical channel that allows precisely identifying each friendly soldier.
- In some cases, all channels may be used, where the RF one provides brief information about possible presence of friendly soldiers is the suspicious sector and, after this IR optical channel is used.
- The present invention is the continuation of the art proposed in the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/685,682 filed Mar. 13, 2007 by the authors of the present invention.
- The IR IFF system described in the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/685,682 consists of two separate units—the request one mounted on small arms and the response one mounted on a helmet of soldier. The laser transmitter of the request unit installed on a rifle emits a sharp beam that is wide enough to illuminate the optical receiver(s) mounted on the helmet or uniform of the soldier. When this optical signal is received by the response unit, the unit sends a coded optical response signal to the request unit; this signal that reaches the request unit and, being decoded, activates the simple optical alarm signal telling the shooter that “it is a friendly target”. Also, the optical signal received by the response unit simultaneously activates a distinctive sound signal (sounded by a headphone or buzzer) informing the soldier that “he could be under a friendly fire”. This embodiment proposes the laser beam with divergence of 4 milliradians that illuminates the circle of 2-meter diameter at 500-meter distance. Such beam divergence is close to the optimal one, because a wider beam could illuminate several targets simultaneously causing inappropriate responses, and, also, diminishing the security of this system, but a very narrow beam (proposed in some mentioned above patents), in many cases, could miss the sensor, especially at short distances, so IFF detection will fail.
- Proposed in this embodiment IR radiation emitted by lasers of the units has wavelength of 1550 nm that is the standard for fiber-optical (FO) telecommunication lines. So, such telecommunication laser transmitters, receivers and associated electronics are very well developed, inexpensive and widely available on the market. Moreover, the radiation of these wavelengths is safe to the human eye, because, unlike the wavelength shorter than 1000 nm, it is not transparent for human eye, so it can not be focused on the retina.
- The response unit described in the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/685,682 is comprised of an optical assembly consisting of a number of separated receiving-transmitting optical units attached to the belt of harness, or built in specially designed helmet, wherein each of them contains optical receiver and transmitting laser diode (LD) equipped with receiving and transmitting lenses. These optical units are electrically connected to the electronic processing unit that detects the direction of received signal, decodes it and develops a response one. Therefore, the response unit of this embodiment sends an optical response signal towards the sector from which it receives the request signal.
- The present invention is based on the art described in the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/685,682 and solves the above-described problems by providing a combined IR-RF system, which can be used in both combat situations: when the sightline is not shaded and when the sightline is obstructed.
-
FIG. 1 illustrates cases of operation of IFF system of the preferred embodiment of the present invention in battlefield conditions. -
FIG. 2 depicts the schematic diagram of IFF system of the preferred embodiment. -
FIG. 3 depicts the block diagram of the RF interrogator of the preferred embodiment. -
FIG. 4 depicts the block diagram of the RF transponder of the preferred embodiment. - The schematic diagram of IFF system of the present invention is depicted in
FIG. 2 . It includes two independent channels: IR optical channel—the object of the invention described in the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/685,682—and the additional RF one. Each channel includes a weapon-mounted IFF interrogatory unit for each soldier and active helmet-mounted identification as a friend or foe (IFF) response unit. Infrared (IR) channels are employed in both units—the request and response ones—as described in the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/685,682. - The additional RF channel utilizes the short-wavelength (Ka band) RF signal that allows emitting RF signal in a relatively narrow (for small 30-mm-aperture antenna) sector of 37 arc degrees directed along the sightline. The hardware of Ka-band RF channel is well-developed, has a small size and weight, and inexpensive.
- The request unit contains the IR transmitting/receiving optical unit equipped with short fiber-optic line 4 and
lens 1, RF transmitting/receivingantenna 2, electronic block 3 andalert light 5. - The response unit contains the set of optical receiving/transmitting blocks 6, RF receiving/transmitting
antenna 7, electronic block 8 and alert buzzer 9. - The detailed block diagram of RF request channel is depicted in
FIG. 3 . The single electronic block, which is common for both—IR (positions FIG. 3 ) and RF—channels, contains microprocessor 8, flush memory 9,USB port 10,alert LED 14 andswitch 13. It develops coded request signals, decodes input response signal and activatesalert LED 14. To separate the alert signals coming from IR and RF channels, theLED 14 can blink when it is activated by the RF signal, or change color to yellow, for example. - The RF channel uses the RF transponder, which consists of receiving and transmitting channels. The transmitting channel contains pre-amplifier-
modulator 7 andpower amplifier 5 feeding antenna 3 via input/output switch 4. The receiving channel contains detector-amplifier-former 6 that detects (demodulates), amplifies and fixes shape of digital RF signals coming from transmitting/receiving antenna 3 via switch 4. Pre-amplifier-modulator 7 modulates and amplifies the digital electric signals developed by processor 8.Power amplifier 5 provides necessary power of output signal that is transmitted to the response unit via antenna 3. Received by antenna 3 RF response signal is demodulated and pre-amplified by detector-amplifier-former 6 that, also, standardizes digital output signal entering processor 8. Because the RF transponder uses single antenna 3 for transmitting and receiving, it utilizes RF switch 4 to change modes from transmitting to receiving one and wise versa. The switch 4 is controlled by processor 8. - RF transponder of the present invention utilizes Ka-waveband. The hardware of this waveband is well-developed (particularly, for satellite communication) and inexpensive.
- The detailed block diagram of RF channel of the response unit is depicted in
FIG. 4 . The RF channel of the response unit contains the blocks that are similar to the ones of the request unit. The only difference is antenna 3, which has wide diagram that covers hemisphere so providing single response for all request signals coming from any direction. The multi-channel IR unit of the response unit is described in details in the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/685,682. - The response unit contains single electronic block, which is common for both—IR (
positions FIG. 4 ) and RF—channels, consisting of microprocessor 8, flush memory 9,USB port 10,alert buzzer 14 andswitch 13. It processes an input request signal, activatesalert buzzer 14 and develops coded request signals. To separate the alert signals coming from IR and RF channels, thebuzzer 14 can sound by short signals if it is activated by the RF signal, or change tone of the sound, for example. - The RF channel, which is similar to one of the request signal, uses the RF transponder, which consists of receiving and transmitting channels.
- The transmitting channel contains the pre-amplifier-
modulator 7 andpower amplifier 5 feeding antenna 3 via input/output switch 4. - The receiving channel contains detector-amplifier-former 6 that detects (demodulates), amplifies and fixes shape of digital RF signals coming from transmitting/receiving antenna 3 via switch 4. The pre-amplifier-
modulator 7 modulates and amplifies the digital electric signals developed by processor 8. Thepower amplifier 5 provides necessary power of output signal that is transmitted to the response unit via antenna 3. Received by antenna 3 RF response signal is demodulated and pre-amplified by the detector-amplifier-former 6 that, also, standardizes the digital output signal entering processor 8. Because the RF transponder uses a single antenna 3 for transmitting and receiving, it utilizes the RF switch 4 to change modes from transmitting to receiving one and vise versa. The switch 4 is controlled by processor 8. - To prevent a false alert, the request and response signals utilize different frequencies, wherein the response RF signal is in compliance with STANAG4579 standard. Such solution additionally allows monitoring battlefield situation. Also, the request and response signals are shifted in time in such a way when the response signal is delayed against the request one for a specific time—a portion of millisecond. It means that the request unit switches to the receiving channel only after this specific time and holds it on for a short time period of a portion of millisecond—the time that is necessary to receive the response signal. Thus, it allows the system rejecting the RF signals coming from other sources.
- The request signal, also, activates IR channel, which becomes active for a short period of time—the time that is necessary for optical signal to exchange between the response and request units. This solution allows the response unit saving energy of the power supply.
- Therefore, the system works as follows:
- The request unit sends RF signal towards the area to which the sightline is directed. It activates the response units of friendly soldiers that are in this area. These units send response RF signals, which are received by the request unit of the shooter and give to him alert signal: “Friendly soldiers are in the area”. Simultaneously, the request signal activates IR channels of the response units of these friendly soldiers. So, if the shooter continues operation and directly targets any of these friendly soldiers, the IR channel of the targeted soldier sends IR response signal so preventing friendly fire. If the shooter cancels the operation, IR channels of the response units of these soldiers become automatically inactivated after a short period of time; and only receivers of RF channels still working in waiting mode.
Claims (6)
1. An identification friend or foe system for military small arms to determine whether a target that has been selected is a friendly target comprising:
a request unit containing IR signal source attached to said small arms and arranged to radiate encrypted request signals, a IR detection system attached to said small arms that receives a IR response signal and a visual alert sign mounted on the sight of said small arms that is activated by said received response signal,
a response unit containing IR detection system attached to a friendly target that receives said IR request signal, a IR signal source attached to a friendly target and arranged to radiate said IR response signals, and a sound alert buzzer mounted on said friendly target and activated by said received request signal,
wherein the improvement comprises:
said request unit is additionally equipped with a RF interrogator that comprises a sharp-diagram RF transmitter mounted on a sight of said small arm, which sends encrypted RF request signal in area to which sightline of said small arm is directed, and a RF receiver receiving encrypted RF response signal emitted by said friendly targets that are in said area,
said response unit is additionally equipped with RF transponder attached to said friendly target that comprises RF receiver, which receives encrypted RF request signal emitted by said interrogator, and a RF transmitter transmitting the encrypted RF response signal back to said RF interrogator, wherein received RF request signal also activates IR cannel of said response unit so saving energy of power supply of said response unit.
2. The identification friend or foe system of claim 1 , wherein the RF interrogator of claim 1 comprises:
a RF K-band sharp-diagram transmitting/receiving antenna mounted on the small arms and connected to a RF switch that switches modes from transmitting to receiving one,
an RF electronic unit mounted in convenient place of the small arm containing transmitting and receiving RF channels, which are switched by said switch,
a single electronic microprocessor block controlling IR and RF channels of the request unit of claim 1 , which develops coded request signal, processes input RF and IR response signals and activates the visual alert sign of claim 1 .
3. The identification friend or foe system of claim 1 , wherein the RF transponder of claim 1 comprises:
a RF K-band unidirectional-diagram transmitting/receiving antenna mounted in any convenient place of the friendly target and connected to a RF switch that switches modes from transmitting to receiving one,
an RF electronic unit mounted in any convenient place of the friendly target and containing transmitting and receiving RF channels, which are switched by said switch,
a single electronic microprocessor block controlling IR and RF channels of the response unit of claim 1 , which processes input RF and IR request signals, develops coded response signal, and activates the alert buzzer of claim 1 .
4. The identification friend or foe system of claim 1 , wherein RF response signal is delayed about RF request signal for a specific time period of a portion of millisecond that allows selecting the RF response signals of claim 1 from RF signals emitted by other sources.
5. The identification friend or foe system of claim 1 , wherein RF response signal has different frequency then RF request signal that allows selecting the RF response signals of claim 1 from RF signals emitted by other sources, wherein said frequency is in compliancy with STANAG4579 standard that additionally allows monitoring battlefield situation.
6. The identification friend or foe system of claim 1 , wherein RF signal emitted by the transponder of claim 1 contains ID of the friendly target; so these signals received by interrogator of claim 1 allow evaluating situation in attacked area.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/022,982 US20090045996A1 (en) | 2007-03-13 | 2008-01-30 | Combined IR-RF combat identification friend-or-foe (IFF) system for the dismounted soldier |
US12/465,715 US8184981B2 (en) | 2007-03-13 | 2009-05-14 | Simplifying and cost-effective IR-RF combat identification friend-or-foe (IFF) system for ground targets |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/685,682 US20070236384A1 (en) | 2006-02-12 | 2007-03-13 | Cost-effective friend-or-foe (IFF) combat infrared alert and identification system (CID) |
US12/022,982 US20090045996A1 (en) | 2007-03-13 | 2008-01-30 | Combined IR-RF combat identification friend-or-foe (IFF) system for the dismounted soldier |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/685,682 Continuation US20070236384A1 (en) | 2006-02-12 | 2007-03-13 | Cost-effective friend-or-foe (IFF) combat infrared alert and identification system (CID) |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20090045996A1 true US20090045996A1 (en) | 2009-02-19 |
Family
ID=39760782
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/022,982 Abandoned US20090045996A1 (en) | 2007-03-13 | 2008-01-30 | Combined IR-RF combat identification friend-or-foe (IFF) system for the dismounted soldier |
US12/465,715 Expired - Fee Related US8184981B2 (en) | 2007-03-13 | 2009-05-14 | Simplifying and cost-effective IR-RF combat identification friend-or-foe (IFF) system for ground targets |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/465,715 Expired - Fee Related US8184981B2 (en) | 2007-03-13 | 2009-05-14 | Simplifying and cost-effective IR-RF combat identification friend-or-foe (IFF) system for ground targets |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20090045996A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008109978A1 (en) |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20070236384A1 (en) * | 2006-02-12 | 2007-10-11 | Gennadii Ivtsenkov | Cost-effective friend-or-foe (IFF) combat infrared alert and identification system (CID) |
US20090164045A1 (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2009-06-25 | Deguire Daniel R | Weapon robot with situational awareness |
US20100266126A1 (en) * | 2007-10-09 | 2010-10-21 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Friend or foe detection |
US20110030113A1 (en) * | 2009-08-06 | 2011-02-10 | Raytheon Company | Preventing Traumatic Brain Injury |
US20140085125A1 (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2014-03-27 | Gennadii Ivtsenkov | Multi-transceiver RF alert system for preventing hunting accidents |
EP2287556A3 (en) * | 2009-08-16 | 2014-04-16 | Eltics Ltd | Network centric system and method for active thermal stealth or deception |
US20140240165A1 (en) * | 2013-02-25 | 2014-08-28 | Honeywell International Inc. | Multimode device for locating and identifying items |
CN104392602A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-03-04 | 瓯宝安防科技股份有限公司 | Infrared repeater |
US9069076B1 (en) * | 2012-08-28 | 2015-06-30 | Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. | Polaritonic meta-material combat identification |
CN106123675A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-11-16 | 何镜连 | The rifle of ahimsa |
US20170074610A1 (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-03-16 | Kenneth Carl Steffen Winiecki | Method of Preventing Accidental Shootings with a Firearm Safety Beacon |
WO2017064698A1 (en) * | 2015-10-11 | 2017-04-20 | Israel Aerospace Industries Ltd. | Identification friend or foe (iff) system and method |
US10439799B2 (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2019-10-08 | United States Of America As Represented By Secretary Of The Navy | System and method for automating indirect fire protocol using fully homomorphic encryption |
KR102625715B1 (en) * | 2023-06-27 | 2024-01-16 | 한화시스템 주식회사 | Hybrid type micro identification friend or foe apparatus based on free space optics technology and method thereof |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8253570B1 (en) * | 2008-04-01 | 2012-08-28 | Mcbride William B | RFID-based person location device |
US8735817B2 (en) * | 2011-06-09 | 2014-05-27 | Exelis, Inc. | Clip-on target designation sensor to night vision goggles |
DE102011113644A1 (en) * | 2011-09-19 | 2013-03-21 | Rheinmetall Soldier Electronics Gmbh | Device for identification and communication |
CN102637332B (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2014-04-09 | 西安科技大学 | Illegal invasion detection system and illegal invasion detection method |
DE102012015074C5 (en) | 2012-07-31 | 2018-03-29 | Mbda Deutschland Gmbh | Novel jet device for a laser weapon system |
SG10201700411PA (en) * | 2012-08-09 | 2017-03-30 | Israel Aerospace Ind Ltd | Friend or foe identification system and method |
WO2014085781A1 (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2014-06-05 | Waba Fun, Llc | Systems and methods for preventing friendly fire through infrared recognition and authentication |
US9803942B2 (en) * | 2013-02-11 | 2017-10-31 | Karl F. Milde, Jr. | Secure smartphone-operated gun lock with apparatus for preventing firing in protected directions |
US8943942B1 (en) | 2013-03-20 | 2015-02-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Anti-fratricide responsive ordnance system |
US9519853B2 (en) | 2013-11-01 | 2016-12-13 | James P Tolle | Wearable, non-visible identification device for friendly force identification and intruder detection |
US10008084B2 (en) * | 2013-11-01 | 2018-06-26 | James P Tolle | Wearable, non-visible identification device for friendly force identification and intruder detection |
US9602203B2 (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2017-03-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Methods and systems for identification and communication using free space optical systems including wearable systems |
DE102019006131A1 (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2021-03-04 | Eduard Kindl | Shooting system |
US11162750B1 (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2021-11-02 | Donald L. Weeks | Detection of firearms in a security zone using radio frequency identification tag embedded within weapon bolt carrier |
DE102020001852A1 (en) | 2020-03-20 | 2021-09-23 | Diehl Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for protecting a vehicle by means of friend-foe recognition |
US11187499B1 (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2021-11-30 | Science Applications International Corporation | Directional high-energy radio frequency weapon |
EP4244658A1 (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2023-09-20 | Cejay Engineering, LLC | Iff beacon system and method |
Citations (69)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2549727A (en) * | 1947-03-18 | 1951-04-17 | John Van Toll | Combination pipe and lighter |
US3104478A (en) * | 1960-12-05 | 1963-09-24 | Aircraft Armaments Inc | Hit indicator apparatus |
US3400393A (en) * | 1966-12-19 | 1968-09-03 | Saul H. Ash | Weapon safety mechanism |
US3703845A (en) * | 1970-07-17 | 1972-11-28 | David Charles Lambert Griew | Small arms weapon and small arms ranges |
US3989942A (en) * | 1974-12-13 | 1976-11-02 | International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation | Retro-reflecting laser responser and data modulator |
US4064434A (en) * | 1976-06-07 | 1977-12-20 | Rca Limited | Retro-reflection communication system |
US4134008A (en) * | 1977-01-25 | 1979-01-09 | Thomson-Csf | Light retro-reflecting responser and data modulator arrangement |
US4637683A (en) * | 1985-01-28 | 1987-01-20 | Trw Inc. | Method for aligning optical fiber connectors |
US4763361A (en) * | 1986-02-13 | 1988-08-09 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | System and device for recognition or IFF use |
US4862176A (en) * | 1977-02-20 | 1989-08-29 | Emi Limited | Identification of friend or foe (IFF) systems |
US4884137A (en) * | 1986-07-10 | 1989-11-28 | Varo, Inc. | Head mounted video display and remote camera system |
US4899093A (en) * | 1986-09-05 | 1990-02-06 | Deutsche-Thomson Brandt Gmbh | Circuitry for electronically commutating a direct-current motor |
US4970589A (en) * | 1986-07-10 | 1990-11-13 | Varo, Inc. | Head mounted video display and remote camera system |
US5005213A (en) * | 1986-07-10 | 1991-04-02 | Varo, Inc. | Head mounted video display and remote camera system |
US5016098A (en) * | 1987-03-05 | 1991-05-14 | Fuji Optical Systems, Incorporated | Electronic video dental camera |
US5142400A (en) * | 1989-12-26 | 1992-08-25 | Cubic Corporation | Method and apparatus for automatic acquisition and alignment of an optical beam communication link |
US5155549A (en) * | 1990-10-25 | 1992-10-13 | The Research Of State University Of New York | Method and apparatus for determining the physical properties of materials using dynamic light scattering techniques |
US5200827A (en) * | 1986-07-10 | 1993-04-06 | Varo, Inc. | Head mounted video display and remote camera system |
US5274379A (en) * | 1991-11-08 | 1993-12-28 | Her Majesty The Queen As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence Of Her Majesty's Canadian Government | Optical identification friend-or-foe |
US5281142A (en) * | 1991-05-15 | 1994-01-25 | Zaenglein Jr William | Shooting simulating process and training device |
US5304999A (en) * | 1991-11-20 | 1994-04-19 | Electromagnetic Sciences, Inc. | Polarization agility in an RF radiator module for use in a phased array |
US5331459A (en) * | 1991-12-10 | 1994-07-19 | Litton Systems, Inc. | Night vision system and mounting assembly |
US5396243A (en) * | 1992-12-23 | 1995-03-07 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Infrared laser battlefield identification beacon |
US5421264A (en) * | 1992-09-15 | 1995-06-06 | Colt's Manufacturing Company Inc. | Firearm cartridge with pre-pressurizing charge |
US5453748A (en) * | 1993-11-15 | 1995-09-26 | Westinghouse Norden Systems | Method and apparatus for responding to an interrogation signal |
US5459470A (en) * | 1992-04-01 | 1995-10-17 | Electronics & Space Corp. | Beam steered laser IFF system |
US5476385A (en) * | 1994-04-29 | 1995-12-19 | Cubic Defense Systems, Inc. | Laser small arms transmitter |
US5585953A (en) * | 1993-08-13 | 1996-12-17 | Gec Plessey Semiconductors, Inc. | IR/RF radio transceiver and method |
US5659392A (en) * | 1995-03-22 | 1997-08-19 | Eastman Kodak Company | Associated dual interferometric measurement apparatus for determining a physical property of an object |
US5686722A (en) * | 1996-02-28 | 1997-11-11 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence Of Her Majesty's Canadian Government | Selective wavelength identification friend or foe (SWIFF) |
US5708436A (en) * | 1996-06-24 | 1998-01-13 | Northrop Grumman Corporation | Multi-mode radar system having real-time ultra high resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) capability |
US5788500A (en) * | 1995-12-04 | 1998-08-04 | Oerlikon-Contraves Ag | Continuous wave laser battlefield simulation system |
US5929777A (en) * | 1996-05-16 | 1999-07-27 | Mci World Com, Inc. | Radio activated personal infrared distress beacon |
US5966226A (en) * | 1996-10-11 | 1999-10-12 | Oerlikon-Contraves Ag | Combat communication system |
US5966227A (en) * | 1996-11-01 | 1999-10-12 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence | Active cooperative tuned identification friend or foe (ACTIFF) |
US6097330A (en) * | 1993-01-19 | 2000-08-01 | Itt Corporation | Optical friendly fire avoidance system |
US6104512A (en) * | 1998-01-23 | 2000-08-15 | Motorola, Inc. | Method for adjusting the power level of an infrared signal |
US6195206B1 (en) * | 1998-01-13 | 2001-02-27 | Elbit Systems Ltd. | Optical system for day and night use |
US6211978B1 (en) * | 1999-02-10 | 2001-04-03 | Anacom Systems, Inc. | Multi-channel wave division multiplexer system |
US20010026574A1 (en) * | 2000-03-30 | 2001-10-04 | Toshiyuki Yagi | External resonator type laser light source |
US6420995B1 (en) * | 1965-04-05 | 2002-07-16 | Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration, Inc. | Radar and IFF system |
US6439892B1 (en) * | 1997-02-18 | 2002-08-27 | Oerlikon Contraves Ag | Laser identification system |
US6449892B1 (en) * | 2001-06-18 | 2002-09-17 | Xybernaut Corporation | Smart weapon |
US20020140942A1 (en) * | 2001-02-17 | 2002-10-03 | Fee Michale Sean | Acousto-optic monitoring and imaging in a depth sensitive manner |
US20020150333A1 (en) * | 2001-02-17 | 2002-10-17 | Reed William Alfred | Fiber devices using grin fiber lenses |
US20020191252A1 (en) * | 2001-05-10 | 2002-12-19 | Pugel Michel Anthony | Economical extension of the operating distance of an RF remote link accommodating IR remote controls having differing IR carrier frequencies |
US20030123882A1 (en) * | 2001-10-17 | 2003-07-03 | Hossein Izadpanah | Method and apparatus for conditioning a transmission path for free-space optical wireless data communications |
US20030147651A1 (en) * | 2002-02-01 | 2003-08-07 | Roes John B. | Secure covert combat identification friend-or-foe (IFF) system for the dismounted soldier |
US6664915B1 (en) * | 2002-06-10 | 2003-12-16 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Identification friend or foe system including short range UV shield |
US20040208595A1 (en) * | 2002-02-19 | 2004-10-21 | Fai Mok | Free space communication system with common optics and fast, adaptive tracking |
US6834134B2 (en) * | 2000-04-11 | 2004-12-21 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method and apparatus for generating frequency modulated pulses |
US20050078962A1 (en) * | 2003-08-26 | 2005-04-14 | Rudolf Hofmeister | Offset signal launch in optical fiber |
US20050099632A1 (en) * | 2003-11-11 | 2005-05-12 | Harper Warren W. | Laser-based spectroscopic detection techniques |
US6912379B2 (en) * | 2002-03-21 | 2005-06-28 | Taiwan Security Net Co., Ltd. | Infrared ray transmitting and receiving device having a signal communicator |
US20050228234A1 (en) * | 2002-05-17 | 2005-10-13 | Chang-Ming Yang | Method and device for monitoring physiologic signs and implementing emergency disposals |
US20060024061A1 (en) * | 2004-02-12 | 2006-02-02 | Adaptive Optics Associates, Inc. | Wavefront sensing system employing active updating of reference positions and subaperture locations on wavefront sensor |
US7046186B2 (en) * | 2003-03-10 | 2006-05-16 | Rafael-Armament Development Authority, Ltd. | Friend/foe identification system for a battlefield |
US20060231771A1 (en) * | 2004-11-19 | 2006-10-19 | Science & Engineering Services, Inc. | Enhanced portable digital lidar system |
US20070177651A1 (en) * | 2006-01-31 | 2007-08-02 | Daugherty Edward P | Body temperature measuring device for helmet or head gear |
US20070236384A1 (en) * | 2006-02-12 | 2007-10-11 | Gennadii Ivtsenkov | Cost-effective friend-or-foe (IFF) combat infrared alert and identification system (CID) |
US7413355B2 (en) * | 2005-06-13 | 2008-08-19 | Ntt Electronics Corporation | Light emitting module and single-fiber two-way optical communication module |
US7450854B2 (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2008-11-11 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | High-speed wireless LAN system |
US7489865B2 (en) * | 2002-02-01 | 2009-02-10 | Cubic Corporation | Integrated optical communication and range finding system and applications thereof |
US7493047B2 (en) * | 2001-09-26 | 2009-02-17 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Company | Transceiver suitable for data communications between wearable computers |
US20090079990A1 (en) * | 2005-03-02 | 2009-03-26 | Japan Science And Technology Agency | Homodyne laser interferometer probe and displacement measurement system using the same |
US20090174547A1 (en) * | 2004-11-10 | 2009-07-09 | Greene Michael F | Wearable or portable device including sensors and an image input for establishing communications interoperability and situational awareness of events at an incident site |
US7573369B2 (en) * | 2005-09-07 | 2009-08-11 | Atr Electronics, Inc. | System and method for interrogating and locating a transponder relative to a zone-of-interest |
US20090207416A1 (en) * | 2006-06-14 | 2009-08-20 | Jiang Xiangqian | Surface characteristic determining apparatus |
US20090267852A1 (en) * | 2008-04-29 | 2009-10-29 | Tahmisian Jr Theodore N | Small Aperture Interrogator Antenna System Employing Sum Difference Azimuth Discrimination Techniques |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5299227A (en) * | 1993-04-13 | 1994-03-29 | American Electronics, Inc. | Individual beacon identification system |
AU732275B2 (en) * | 1996-10-11 | 2001-04-12 | Oerlikon Contraves Ag | Combat communication system |
US5917441A (en) * | 1997-09-12 | 1999-06-29 | Valentine Research, Inc. | Police radar detector for sweeping K and KA radar bands during one local oscillator sweep |
-
2007
- 2007-10-19 WO PCT/CA2007/001846 patent/WO2008109978A1/en active Application Filing
-
2008
- 2008-01-30 US US12/022,982 patent/US20090045996A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2009
- 2009-05-14 US US12/465,715 patent/US8184981B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (72)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2549727A (en) * | 1947-03-18 | 1951-04-17 | John Van Toll | Combination pipe and lighter |
US3104478A (en) * | 1960-12-05 | 1963-09-24 | Aircraft Armaments Inc | Hit indicator apparatus |
US6420995B1 (en) * | 1965-04-05 | 2002-07-16 | Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration, Inc. | Radar and IFF system |
US3400393A (en) * | 1966-12-19 | 1968-09-03 | Saul H. Ash | Weapon safety mechanism |
US3703845A (en) * | 1970-07-17 | 1972-11-28 | David Charles Lambert Griew | Small arms weapon and small arms ranges |
US3989942A (en) * | 1974-12-13 | 1976-11-02 | International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation | Retro-reflecting laser responser and data modulator |
US4064434A (en) * | 1976-06-07 | 1977-12-20 | Rca Limited | Retro-reflection communication system |
US4134008A (en) * | 1977-01-25 | 1979-01-09 | Thomson-Csf | Light retro-reflecting responser and data modulator arrangement |
US4862176A (en) * | 1977-02-20 | 1989-08-29 | Emi Limited | Identification of friend or foe (IFF) systems |
US4637683A (en) * | 1985-01-28 | 1987-01-20 | Trw Inc. | Method for aligning optical fiber connectors |
US4763361A (en) * | 1986-02-13 | 1988-08-09 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | System and device for recognition or IFF use |
US4884137A (en) * | 1986-07-10 | 1989-11-28 | Varo, Inc. | Head mounted video display and remote camera system |
US4970589A (en) * | 1986-07-10 | 1990-11-13 | Varo, Inc. | Head mounted video display and remote camera system |
US5005213A (en) * | 1986-07-10 | 1991-04-02 | Varo, Inc. | Head mounted video display and remote camera system |
US5200827A (en) * | 1986-07-10 | 1993-04-06 | Varo, Inc. | Head mounted video display and remote camera system |
US4899093A (en) * | 1986-09-05 | 1990-02-06 | Deutsche-Thomson Brandt Gmbh | Circuitry for electronically commutating a direct-current motor |
US5016098A (en) * | 1987-03-05 | 1991-05-14 | Fuji Optical Systems, Incorporated | Electronic video dental camera |
US5142400A (en) * | 1989-12-26 | 1992-08-25 | Cubic Corporation | Method and apparatus for automatic acquisition and alignment of an optical beam communication link |
US5155549A (en) * | 1990-10-25 | 1992-10-13 | The Research Of State University Of New York | Method and apparatus for determining the physical properties of materials using dynamic light scattering techniques |
US5281142A (en) * | 1991-05-15 | 1994-01-25 | Zaenglein Jr William | Shooting simulating process and training device |
US5274379A (en) * | 1991-11-08 | 1993-12-28 | Her Majesty The Queen As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence Of Her Majesty's Canadian Government | Optical identification friend-or-foe |
US5304999A (en) * | 1991-11-20 | 1994-04-19 | Electromagnetic Sciences, Inc. | Polarization agility in an RF radiator module for use in a phased array |
US5331459A (en) * | 1991-12-10 | 1994-07-19 | Litton Systems, Inc. | Night vision system and mounting assembly |
US5459470A (en) * | 1992-04-01 | 1995-10-17 | Electronics & Space Corp. | Beam steered laser IFF system |
US5421264A (en) * | 1992-09-15 | 1995-06-06 | Colt's Manufacturing Company Inc. | Firearm cartridge with pre-pressurizing charge |
US5396243A (en) * | 1992-12-23 | 1995-03-07 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Infrared laser battlefield identification beacon |
US6097330A (en) * | 1993-01-19 | 2000-08-01 | Itt Corporation | Optical friendly fire avoidance system |
US5585953A (en) * | 1993-08-13 | 1996-12-17 | Gec Plessey Semiconductors, Inc. | IR/RF radio transceiver and method |
US5453748A (en) * | 1993-11-15 | 1995-09-26 | Westinghouse Norden Systems | Method and apparatus for responding to an interrogation signal |
US5476385A (en) * | 1994-04-29 | 1995-12-19 | Cubic Defense Systems, Inc. | Laser small arms transmitter |
US5659392A (en) * | 1995-03-22 | 1997-08-19 | Eastman Kodak Company | Associated dual interferometric measurement apparatus for determining a physical property of an object |
US5788500A (en) * | 1995-12-04 | 1998-08-04 | Oerlikon-Contraves Ag | Continuous wave laser battlefield simulation system |
US5686722A (en) * | 1996-02-28 | 1997-11-11 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence Of Her Majesty's Canadian Government | Selective wavelength identification friend or foe (SWIFF) |
US5929777A (en) * | 1996-05-16 | 1999-07-27 | Mci World Com, Inc. | Radio activated personal infrared distress beacon |
US5708436A (en) * | 1996-06-24 | 1998-01-13 | Northrop Grumman Corporation | Multi-mode radar system having real-time ultra high resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) capability |
US5966226A (en) * | 1996-10-11 | 1999-10-12 | Oerlikon-Contraves Ag | Combat communication system |
US5966227A (en) * | 1996-11-01 | 1999-10-12 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence | Active cooperative tuned identification friend or foe (ACTIFF) |
US6439892B1 (en) * | 1997-02-18 | 2002-08-27 | Oerlikon Contraves Ag | Laser identification system |
US6195206B1 (en) * | 1998-01-13 | 2001-02-27 | Elbit Systems Ltd. | Optical system for day and night use |
US6104512A (en) * | 1998-01-23 | 2000-08-15 | Motorola, Inc. | Method for adjusting the power level of an infrared signal |
US6211978B1 (en) * | 1999-02-10 | 2001-04-03 | Anacom Systems, Inc. | Multi-channel wave division multiplexer system |
US20010026574A1 (en) * | 2000-03-30 | 2001-10-04 | Toshiyuki Yagi | External resonator type laser light source |
US6834134B2 (en) * | 2000-04-11 | 2004-12-21 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method and apparatus for generating frequency modulated pulses |
US20020140942A1 (en) * | 2001-02-17 | 2002-10-03 | Fee Michale Sean | Acousto-optic monitoring and imaging in a depth sensitive manner |
US20020150333A1 (en) * | 2001-02-17 | 2002-10-17 | Reed William Alfred | Fiber devices using grin fiber lenses |
US20020191252A1 (en) * | 2001-05-10 | 2002-12-19 | Pugel Michel Anthony | Economical extension of the operating distance of an RF remote link accommodating IR remote controls having differing IR carrier frequencies |
US6449892B1 (en) * | 2001-06-18 | 2002-09-17 | Xybernaut Corporation | Smart weapon |
US7493047B2 (en) * | 2001-09-26 | 2009-02-17 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Company | Transceiver suitable for data communications between wearable computers |
US20030123882A1 (en) * | 2001-10-17 | 2003-07-03 | Hossein Izadpanah | Method and apparatus for conditioning a transmission path for free-space optical wireless data communications |
US7489865B2 (en) * | 2002-02-01 | 2009-02-10 | Cubic Corporation | Integrated optical communication and range finding system and applications thereof |
US20090058712A1 (en) * | 2002-02-01 | 2009-03-05 | Cubic Corporation | Secure covert combat identification friend-or-foe (IFF) system for the dismounted soldier |
US20090142053A1 (en) * | 2002-02-01 | 2009-06-04 | Cubic Corporation | Integrated optical communication and range finding system and application thereof |
US20030147651A1 (en) * | 2002-02-01 | 2003-08-07 | Roes John B. | Secure covert combat identification friend-or-foe (IFF) system for the dismounted soldier |
US7308202B2 (en) * | 2002-02-01 | 2007-12-11 | Cubic Corporation | Secure covert combat identification friend-or-foe (IFF) system for the dismounted soldier |
US20040208595A1 (en) * | 2002-02-19 | 2004-10-21 | Fai Mok | Free space communication system with common optics and fast, adaptive tracking |
US6912379B2 (en) * | 2002-03-21 | 2005-06-28 | Taiwan Security Net Co., Ltd. | Infrared ray transmitting and receiving device having a signal communicator |
US20050228234A1 (en) * | 2002-05-17 | 2005-10-13 | Chang-Ming Yang | Method and device for monitoring physiologic signs and implementing emergency disposals |
US6664915B1 (en) * | 2002-06-10 | 2003-12-16 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Identification friend or foe system including short range UV shield |
US7046186B2 (en) * | 2003-03-10 | 2006-05-16 | Rafael-Armament Development Authority, Ltd. | Friend/foe identification system for a battlefield |
US20050078962A1 (en) * | 2003-08-26 | 2005-04-14 | Rudolf Hofmeister | Offset signal launch in optical fiber |
US20050099632A1 (en) * | 2003-11-11 | 2005-05-12 | Harper Warren W. | Laser-based spectroscopic detection techniques |
US7450854B2 (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2008-11-11 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | High-speed wireless LAN system |
US20060024061A1 (en) * | 2004-02-12 | 2006-02-02 | Adaptive Optics Associates, Inc. | Wavefront sensing system employing active updating of reference positions and subaperture locations on wavefront sensor |
US20090174547A1 (en) * | 2004-11-10 | 2009-07-09 | Greene Michael F | Wearable or portable device including sensors and an image input for establishing communications interoperability and situational awareness of events at an incident site |
US20060231771A1 (en) * | 2004-11-19 | 2006-10-19 | Science & Engineering Services, Inc. | Enhanced portable digital lidar system |
US20090079990A1 (en) * | 2005-03-02 | 2009-03-26 | Japan Science And Technology Agency | Homodyne laser interferometer probe and displacement measurement system using the same |
US7413355B2 (en) * | 2005-06-13 | 2008-08-19 | Ntt Electronics Corporation | Light emitting module and single-fiber two-way optical communication module |
US7573369B2 (en) * | 2005-09-07 | 2009-08-11 | Atr Electronics, Inc. | System and method for interrogating and locating a transponder relative to a zone-of-interest |
US20070177651A1 (en) * | 2006-01-31 | 2007-08-02 | Daugherty Edward P | Body temperature measuring device for helmet or head gear |
US20070236384A1 (en) * | 2006-02-12 | 2007-10-11 | Gennadii Ivtsenkov | Cost-effective friend-or-foe (IFF) combat infrared alert and identification system (CID) |
US20090207416A1 (en) * | 2006-06-14 | 2009-08-20 | Jiang Xiangqian | Surface characteristic determining apparatus |
US20090267852A1 (en) * | 2008-04-29 | 2009-10-29 | Tahmisian Jr Theodore N | Small Aperture Interrogator Antenna System Employing Sum Difference Azimuth Discrimination Techniques |
Cited By (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20070236384A1 (en) * | 2006-02-12 | 2007-10-11 | Gennadii Ivtsenkov | Cost-effective friend-or-foe (IFF) combat infrared alert and identification system (CID) |
US20100266126A1 (en) * | 2007-10-09 | 2010-10-21 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Friend or foe detection |
US8750517B2 (en) * | 2007-10-09 | 2014-06-10 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Friend or foe detection |
US20090164045A1 (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2009-06-25 | Deguire Daniel R | Weapon robot with situational awareness |
US7962243B2 (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2011-06-14 | Foster-Miller, Inc. | Weapon robot with situational awareness |
US20110030113A1 (en) * | 2009-08-06 | 2011-02-10 | Raytheon Company | Preventing Traumatic Brain Injury |
EP2287556A3 (en) * | 2009-08-16 | 2014-04-16 | Eltics Ltd | Network centric system and method for active thermal stealth or deception |
US9069076B1 (en) * | 2012-08-28 | 2015-06-30 | Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. | Polaritonic meta-material combat identification |
US20140085125A1 (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2014-03-27 | Gennadii Ivtsenkov | Multi-transceiver RF alert system for preventing hunting accidents |
US9086472B2 (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2015-07-21 | Gennadii Ivtsenkov | Multi-transceiver RF alert system for preventing hunting accidents |
US20140240165A1 (en) * | 2013-02-25 | 2014-08-28 | Honeywell International Inc. | Multimode device for locating and identifying items |
US9562973B2 (en) * | 2013-02-25 | 2017-02-07 | Honeywell International Inc. | Multimode device for locating and identifying items |
CN104392602A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-03-04 | 瓯宝安防科技股份有限公司 | Infrared repeater |
US20170314884A1 (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-11-02 | Kenneth Carl Steffen Winiecki | Method of Preventing Accidental Shootings with a Firearm Safety Beacon |
US9810498B1 (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-11-07 | Kenneth Carl Steffen Winiecki | Method of preventing accidental shootings with a firearm safety beacon |
US20170074610A1 (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-03-16 | Kenneth Carl Steffen Winiecki | Method of Preventing Accidental Shootings with a Firearm Safety Beacon |
US9739556B2 (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-08-22 | Kenneth Carl Steffen Winiecki | Method of preventing accidental shootings with a firearm safety beacon |
WO2017064698A1 (en) * | 2015-10-11 | 2017-04-20 | Israel Aerospace Industries Ltd. | Identification friend or foe (iff) system and method |
US10782400B2 (en) | 2015-10-11 | 2020-09-22 | Israel Aerospace Industries Ltd. | Identification friend or foe (IFF) system and method |
CN106123675A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-11-16 | 何镜连 | The rifle of ahimsa |
US10439799B2 (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2019-10-08 | United States Of America As Represented By Secretary Of The Navy | System and method for automating indirect fire protocol using fully homomorphic encryption |
KR102625715B1 (en) * | 2023-06-27 | 2024-01-16 | 한화시스템 주식회사 | Hybrid type micro identification friend or foe apparatus based on free space optics technology and method thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2008109978A1 (en) | 2008-09-18 |
US8184981B2 (en) | 2012-05-22 |
US20100289691A1 (en) | 2010-11-18 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20090045996A1 (en) | Combined IR-RF combat identification friend-or-foe (IFF) system for the dismounted soldier | |
US8474172B2 (en) | Alert RF system for hunter protection | |
US8179247B2 (en) | Interrogator-transponder RF system for prevention of hunting accidents | |
US5299227A (en) | Individual beacon identification system | |
US6493123B1 (en) | Modulated-retroreflector based optical identification system | |
CA2235788C (en) | Identification system | |
US20070236384A1 (en) | Cost-effective friend-or-foe (IFF) combat infrared alert and identification system (CID) | |
US5966226A (en) | Combat communication system | |
EP2732300B1 (en) | System for preventing friendly fire accidents | |
US5870215A (en) | Covert selective acquisition device for identifying friend or foe | |
US6439892B1 (en) | Laser identification system | |
US5396243A (en) | Infrared laser battlefield identification beacon | |
US5142288A (en) | Electro-optical IFF system | |
US9086472B2 (en) | Multi-transceiver RF alert system for preventing hunting accidents | |
US8269664B2 (en) | Covert long range positive friendly identification system | |
US8125371B1 (en) | System and method for reducing incidences of friendly fire | |
US6097330A (en) | Optical friendly fire avoidance system | |
US5748138A (en) | Synchronous identification of friendly targets | |
US20070205890A1 (en) | Location awareness system | |
JP4077910B2 (en) | Combat communication system | |
CA2549727C (en) | Cost-effective friend-or-foe (iff) battlefield infrared alarm and identification system | |
CN110637517B (en) | Individual soldier enemy and my identification and laser warning device | |
RU2522068C1 (en) | Hardware for small arms to signal on aiming line location in prohibited fire sector | |
Sherman | Combat identification system for the dismounted soldier | |
JP4591336B2 (en) | Fellow friend recognition system, sighting device and sighting device |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: PROTECTIVE ARMS SYSTEMS INC., CANADA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:IVTSENKOV, GENNADII, DR.;MANTSVETOV, ALEXANDRE, MR.;BERIK, EVGENY, DR.;REEL/FRAME:027902/0665 Effective date: 20080225 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- AFTER EXAMINER'S ANSWER OR BOARD OF APPEALS DECISION |