US20090016473A1

US20090016473A1 - Received signal quality determination

Info

Publication number: US20090016473A1
Application number: US12/212,387
Authority: US
Inventors: Tommy Kristensen Bysted; Benoist Sebire
Original assignee: Spyder Navigations LLC
Current assignee: Intellectual Ventures I LLC
Priority date: 2004-04-15
Filing date: 2008-09-17
Publication date: 2009-01-15
Also published as: WO2005101716A1; US7437174B2; US20050232201A1

Abstract

A method of generating a received signal quality signal in a communication system, the method comprising: receiving a signal from a physical channel, extracting a transport channel format combination indicator from the received signal, processing one or more transport channel signals, contained in the received signal, in accordance with the extracted transport channel format combination indicator, said processing including at least channel decoding, and generating a received signal quality signal in dependence on the quality of the or each transport channel signal prior to channel decoding.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the determination of received signal quality in a radio communication system.

BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION

In a radio communication network, such as a mobile phone network, mobile stations monitor the quality of received signals and report the received signal quality back to a base station, typically in a control channel.
It has been proposed that a mobile station report received signal quality in a slow associated control channel (SACCH) using a three bit code. The signal quality is determined as the bit error rate (BER) of the received signal before channel decoding and is averaged over one SACCH multiframe, for example 480 ms.
The BER is only used if the a block is correctly received, i.e. it passes a CRC (cyclic redundancy code) check. If a block is not correctly received, a default notional BER of, for example 50%, is assumed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of generating a received signal quality signal in a communication system, the method comprising:

- receiving a signal from a physical channel;
- extracting a transport channel format combination indicator from the received signal;
- processing one or more transport channel signals, contained in the received signal, in accordance with the extracted transport channel format combination indicator; said processing including at least channel decoding; and
- generating a received signal quality signal in dependence on the quality of the or each transport channel signal prior to channel decoding.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a communication device comprising:

- a receiver for receiving a signal from a physical channel;
- processing means configured for:
  - extracting a transport channel format combination indicator from the received signal;
  - processing one or more transport channel signals, contained in the received signal, in accordance with the extracted transport channel format combination indicator; said processing including at least channel decoding; and
  - generating a received signal quality signal in dependence on the quality of the or each transport channel signal prior to channel decoding.

The or each transport channel signal may comprise a sequence of data blocks. The quality of the or each transport channel signal may be represented by a block bit error rate determined prior to channel decoding. The determined bit error rate of a transport channel signal may be averaged over period comprising a plurality of data blocks. In the case of there being a plurality of transport channel signals, the bit error rates of each transport channel signal may be averaged over the same period. An average bit error rate may be calculated across the transport channel signals with the averaging being weighted in dependence on the transport formats used for said transport signals.
The received signal quality signal may be transmitted in a control channel.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of generating a received signal quality signal in a communication system, the method comprising:

- receiving a signal from a physical channel, the signal comprising one or more transport channels;
- extracting a transport channel format combination indicator from the received signal and determining the bit error rate therefore, and
- generating a received signal quality signal in dependence on the bit error rate of the extracted transport channel format combination indicator.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a communication device comprising:

- a receiver for receiving a signal from a physical channel, the signal comprising one or more transport channels; and
- processing means configured for:
  - extracting a transport channel format combination indicator from a received signal and determining the bit error rate therefore; and
  - generating a received signal quality signal in dependence on the bit error rate of the extracted transport channel format combination indicator.

The determined bit error rates of a plurality of transport channel format combination indicator instances may be averaged.
The received signal quality signal may be transmitted in a control channel.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of generating a received signal quality signal in a communication system, the method comprising:

- receiving a signal from a physical channel, the signal comprising a plurality of bursts each including a training sequence; and
- generating a received signal quality signal in dependence on the bit error rate of the training sequence of a received burst.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a communication device comprising:

- a receiver for receiving a signal from a physical channel, the signal comprising a plurality of bursts each including a training sequence; and
- processing means configured for generating a received signal quality signal in dependence on the bit error rate of the training sequence of a received burst.

The determined bit error rates of the training sequences of a plurality of bursts may be averaged.
The bit error rate of a training sequence may be produced by comparing a received training sequence with a reference training sequence.
The received signal quality signal may be transmitted in a control channel.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a mobile communication system according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a mobile station;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a base transceiver station;

FIG. 4 illustrates the frame structure;

FIG. 5 illustrates a packet data channel;

FIG. 6 illustrates the sharing of a radio channel between two half-rate packet channels;

FIG. 7 illustrates the lower levels of a protocol stack;

FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating the processing of the transport channels of a received physical layer signal;

FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating received signal quality determination;

FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a first part of a received signal quality determination process;

FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a second part of a received signal quality determination process;

FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating another approach to signal quality determination;

FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating another received signal quality determination process;

FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustrating yet another approach to signal quality determination; and

FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating yet another received signal quality determination process.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to FIG. 1, a mobile phone network 1 comprises a plurality of switching centres including first and second switching centres 2 a, 2 b. The first switching centre 2 a is connected to a plurality of base station controllers including first and second base station controllers 3 a, 3 b. The second switching centre 2 b is similarly corrected to a plurality of base station controllers (not shown).
The first base station controller 3 a is connected to and controls a base transceiver station 4 and a plurality of other base transceiver stations. The second base station controller 3 b is similarly connected to and controls a plurality of base transceiver stations (not shown).
In the present example, each base transceiver station services a respective cell. Thus, the base transceiver station 4 services a cell 5. However, a plurality of cells may be serviced by one base transceiver station by means of directional antennas. A plurality or mobile stations 6 a, 6 b are located in the cell 5. It will be appreciated what the number and identities of mobile stations in any given cell will vary with time.
The mobile phone network 1 is connected to a public switched telephone network 7 by a gateway switching centre 8.
A packet service aspect of the network includes a plurality of packet service support nodes (one shown) 9 which are connected to respective pluralities of base station controllers 3 a, 3 b. At least one packet service support gateway node 10 connects the or each packet service support node 10 to the Internet 11.
The switching centres 3 a, 3 b and the packet service support nodes 9 have access to a home location register 12.
Communication between the mobile stations 6 a, 6 b and the base transceiver station 4 employs a time-division multiple access (TDMA) scheme.
Referring to FIG. 2, the first mobile station 6 a comprises an antenna 101, an rf subsystem 102, a baseband DSP (digital signal processing) subsystem 103; an analogue audio subsystem 104, a loudspeaker 105, a microphone 106, a controller 107, a liquid crystal display 108, a keypad 109, memory 110, a battery 111 and a power supply circuit 112.
The rf subsystem 102 contains if and rf circuits of the mobile telephone's transmitted and receiver and a frequency synthesizer for tuning the mobile station's transmitter and receiver. The antenna 101 is coupled to the rf subsystem 102 for the reception and transmission of radio waves.
The baseband DSP subsystem 103 is coupled to the rf subsystem 102 to receive baseband signals therefrom and for sending baseband modulation signals thereto. The baseband DSP subsystems 103 includes codec functions which are well-known in the art.
The analogue audio subsystem 104 is coupled to the baseband DSP subsystem 103 and receives demodulated audio therefrom. The analogue audio subsystem 104 amplifies the demodulated audio and applies it to the loudspeaker 105. Acoustic signals, detected by the microphone 106, are pre-amplified by the analogue audio subsystem 104 and sent to the baseband DSP subsystem 4 for coding.
The controller 107 controls the operation of the mobile telephone. It is coupled to the rf subsystem 102 for supplying tuning instructions to the frequency synthesizer and to the baseband DSP subsystem 103 for supplying control data and management data for transmission. The controller 107 operates according to a program stored in the memory 110. The memory 110 is shown separately from the controller 107. However, it may be integrated with the controller 107.
The display device 108 is connected to the controller 107 for receiving control data and the keypad 109 is connected to the controller 107 for supplying user input data signals thereto.
The battery 111 is connected to the power supply circuit 112 which provides regulated power at the various voltages used by the components of the mobile telephone.
The controller 107 is programmed to control the mobile station for speech and data communication and with application programs, e.g. a WAP browser, which make use of the mobile station's data communication capabilities.
The second mobile station 6 b is similarly configured.
Referring to FIG. 3, greatly simplified, the base transceiver station 4 comprises an antenna 201, an rf subsystem 202, a baseband DSP (digital signal processing) subsystem 203, a base station controller interface 204 and a controller 207.
The rf subsystem 202 contains the if and rf circuits of the base transceiver station's transmitter and receiver and a frequency synthesizer for tuning the base transceiver station's transmitter and receiver. The antenna 201 is coupled to the rf subsystem 202 for the reception and transmission of radio waves.
The baseband DSP subsystem 203 is coupled to the rf subsystem 202 to receive baseband signals therefrom and for sending baseband modulation signals thereto. The baseband DSP subsystems 203 includes codec functions which are well-known in the art.
The base station controller interface 204 interfaces the base transceiver station 4 to its controlling base station controller 3 a.
The controller 207 controls the operation of the base transceiver station 4. It is coupled to the rf subsystem 202 for supplying tuning instructions to the frequency synthesizer and to the baseband DSP subsystem for supplying control data and management data for transmission. The controller 207 operates according to a program stored in the memory 210.
Referring to FIG. 4, each TDMA frame, used for communication between the mobile stations 6 a, 6 b and the base transceiver stations 4, comprises eight 0.577 ms time slots. A “26 multiframe” comprises 26 frames and a “51 multiframe” comprises 51 frames. Fifty one a “26 multiframes” or twenty six “51 multiframes” make up one superframe. Finally, a hyperframe comprises 2048 superframes.
The data format within the time slots varies according to the function of a time slot. A normal burst, i.e. time slot, comprises three tail bits, followed by 58 encrypted data bits, a 26-bit training sequence, another sequence of 58 encrypted data bits and a further three tail bits. A guard period of eight and a quarter bit durations is provided at the end of the burst. A frequency correction burst has the same tail bits and guard period. However, its payload comprises a fixed 142 bit sequence. A synchronization burst is similar to the normal burst except that the encrypted data is reduced to two clocks of 39 bits and the training sequence is replaced by a 64-bit synchronization sequence. Finally, an access burst comprises eight initial tail bits, followed by a 41-bit synchronization sequence, 36 bits of encrypted data and three more tail bits. In this case, the guard period is 68.25 bits long.
When used for circuit-switched speech traffic, the channelisation scheme is as employed in GSM.
Referring to FIG. 5, full rate packet switched channels make use of 12 4-slot radio packets spread over a “51 multiframe”. Idle slots follow the third, sixth, ninth and twelfth radio packet.
Referring to FIG. 6, for half rate, packet switched channels, both dedicated and shared, slots are allocated alternately to two sub-channels.
The baseband DSP subsystems 103, 203 and controllers 107, 207 of the mobile stations 6 a, 6 b and the base transceiver stations 4 are configured to implement two protocol stacks. The first protocol stack is for circuit switched traffic and is substantially the same as employed in conventional GSM systems. The second protocol stack is for packet switched traffic.
Referring to FIG. 7, the layers relevant to the radio link between a mobile station 6 a, 6 b and a base station controller 4 are the radio link control layer 401, the medium access control layer 402 and the physical layer 403.
The radio link control layer 401 has two modes: transparent and non-transparent. In transparent mode, data is merely passed up or down through the radio link control layer without modification.
In non-transparent mode, the radio link control layer 401 provides link adaptation and constructs data blocks from data units received from higher levels by segmenting or concatenating the data units as necessary and performs the reciprocal process for data being passed up the stack. It is also responsible for detecting lost data blocks or reordering data block for upward transfer of their contents, depending on whether acknowledged mode is being used. This layer may also provide backward error correction in acknowledged mode.
The medium access control layer 402 is responsible for allocating data blocks from the radio link control layer 401 to appropriate transport channels and passing received radio packets from transport channels to the radio link control layer 403.
The physical layer 403 is responsible to creating transmitted radio signals from the data passing through the transport channels and passing received data up through the correct transport channel to the medium access control layer 402.
Referring to FIG. 8, data produced for applications 404 a, 404 b, 404 c propagates up the protocol stack from the medium access control layer 402. The data from the applications 404 a, 404 b, 404 c can belong to any of a plurality of classes for which different qualities of service are required. Data belonging to a plurality of classes may be required by a single application. The medium access control layer 402 directs data to the applications 404 a, 404 b, 404 c from different transport channels 405, 406, 407 according to class to which it belongs.
Each receive transport channel 405, 406, 407 can be configured to process received signals according to a plurality of processing schemes 405 a, 405 b, 405 c, 406 a, 406 b, 406 c, 407 a, 407 b, 407 c. The configuration of the transport channels 405, 406, 407 is established during call setup on the basis of the capabilities of the mobile station 6 a, 6 b and the network and the nature of the application or applications 404 a, 404 b, 404 c being run.
The processing schemes 405 a, 405 b, 405 c, 406 a, 406 b, 406 c, 407 a, 407 b, 407 c are unique combinations of cyclic redundancy check 405 a, 406 a, 407 a, channel decoding 405 b, 406 b, 407 b and rate matching 405 c, 406 c, 407 c. These unique processing schemes are the reciprocals of transmitter processing schemes which define different “transport formats”. An interleaving scheme may be selected for each transport channel 405, 406, 407 and require corresponding de-interleaving 405 d, 406 d, 407 d. Thus, different transport channels may use different interleaving schemes and, in alternative embodiments, different interleaving schemes may be used at different times by the same transport channel.
The combined data rate produced for the transport channels 405, 406, 407 must not exceed that of physical channel or channels allocated to the mobile station 6 a, 6 b. This places a limit on the transport format combinations that can be permitted For instance, if there are three transport formats TF1, TF2, TF3 for each transport channel, the following combinations might be valid: —

- TF1 TF1 TF2
- TF1 TF3 TF3
  but not
- TF1 TF2 TF2
- TF1 TF1 TF3

The received signal is de-interleaved 411 and then demultiplexed by a demultiplexing process 410, which outputs transport channel signals to respective transport channel de-interleaving processes 405 d, 406 d, 407 d.
A transport format combination indicator is spread across one radio packet with portions placed in fixed positions in each burst, on either side of the training symbols (FIG. 9) in this example. The complete transport format combination indicator therefore occurs at fixed intervals, i.e. the block length 20 ms. This makes it possible to ensure transport format combination indicator detection when different interleaving types are used e.g. 8 burst diagonal and 4 burst rectangular interleaving. Since the transport format combination indicator is not subject to variable interleaving, it can be readily located by the receiving station and used to control processing of the received data.
The transport format combination indicator is extracted from the received data stream by a transport format combination indicator extraction process 414 after the deinterleaving process 411.
The transport format combination indicator from the transport format combination indicator extraction process 414 is decoded by a decoding process 413. The decoded transport format combination indicator is then processed by a transport format combination detecting process 412 which provides information on the current transport format combination to the medium access control layer 402. This information is then used in the medium access control layer 402 to select the appropriate decoding and de-interleaving process for the transport formats used in the received signal.
FIG. 9 illustrates received signal quality determination in the case where the received physical layer signal carries a data stream comprising three transport channels using respective formats. Of course, the data stream may comprise more or fewer transport channels and the same transport format may be used by more than one of the transport channels.
Referring to FIG. 9, first, second and third transport channel quality determiners 501, 502, 503 receive the cyclic redundancy check results from respective cyclic redundancy check processes 405 a, 406 a, 407 a and a bit error rate estimate from respective channel decoding processes 405 b, 406 b, 407 b.
The operation of the first transport channel quality determiner 501 will now be described with reference to FIG. 10.
Referring to FIG. 10, at the start of a SACCH multiframe period (also known as the SACCH reporting period), the CRC result for a first transport block is received from the first cyclic redundancy check process 405 a (step s1). If the result is determined to be true, i.e. the CRC is correct, (step s2), the BER for the first transport block is obtained from the first channel decoder 405 b (step s3) and stored (step s4). A block counter is then incremented (step s5). It is then determined whether the current SACCH multiframe period has come to an end (step s6).
If the current SACCH multiframe period has not come to an end (step s6), the program flow returns to step s1 where the CRC for the next block is obtained.
If, at step s2, it is determined that the cyclic redundancy check result is determined to be false, steps s3 to s5 are skipped.
When all of the blocks of the current the current SACCH multiframe period have been processed (step s6), the BER is averaged over a period corresponding to the product of the block period and the number of correctly received transport blocks, i.e. the value accumulated by the step s5.
The second and third transport channel quality determiners 502, 503 operate in the same way as the first transport channel quality determiners 501 except that the cyclic redundancy check result and the BE R estimates are obtained from the corresponding cyclic redundancy check process 406 a, 407 a and channel decoders 406 b, 407 b.
The transport channel quality determiners 501, 502, 503 output their average BERs and transport block counts to a physical channel quality determiner 504.
The operation of the physical channel quality determiner 504 will now be described with reference to FIG. 11.
Referring to FIG. 11, the physical channel quality determiner 504 obtains the TFCI applicable to the most recent transport channel quality determinations (step s11) and then receives the transport block counts from the transport channel quality determiners 501, 502, 503 (step s12).
The TFCI information determines what percentage of each radio packet is used by each transport channel. This information is used to convert the transport block counts into the percentage of the data in the transmitted data stream that was correctly received in one SACCH multiframe, according to:
$P = \sum_{c = 1}^{n} \frac{b (c) \cdot p (c)}{b_{T} (c)}$
where c is the transport channel number, n is the number of transport channels, b is the number of correctly received bits in the transport block, b_Tis the number of bits in the transport block in the transmitted signal and p is the percentage of the data stream used by a particular transport channel.
If the result P is greater than or equal to 50%, the BERs are obtained from the transport channel quality determiners 501, 502, 503 (step s15). The BERs are then averaged (step s16). In the present embodiment, the BERs are averaged in accordance with the following:
$B = \frac{\sum_{c = 1}^{n} b (c) \cdot p (c)}{\sum_{c = 1}^{n} p (c)}$
where B is the average BER.
If, however, the percentage of the data in the transmitted data stream that was incorrectly received is greater than 50% (step s14), the average bit error rate B is set arbitrarily to 50%.
The average bit error rate B is then quantized and encoded into 3 bits which are made available for transmission to a base transceiver station 4 by the mobile station 6 a in the SACCH as a received signal quality report.
It will be appreciated that the formulae given above are examples of the effect required and that the value ranges and scaling factors actual used may vary.
A second embodiment of the present invention will now be described.
A mobile station is as described above with the exception of the generation of the received signal quality report. In this embodiment, the report is based on the quality of the TFCI signal.
Referring to FIG. 12, TFCI BERs are fed from the TFCI decoder 413 (FIG. 8) to a received signal quality determiner 601. The received signal quality determiner 601 generates a received signal quality signal in dependence on the TFCI BERs from the TFCI decoder 413 and outputs it for transmission in the SACCH.
Referring to FIG. 13, the received signal quality determiner 601 obtains a first TFCI BER for the first TFCI transmitted in a SACCH multiframe period (step s31) and stores it (step s32). Successive TFCI BERs are then obtained (step s31) and stored (step s32) until the BER for the last TCFI of the current SACCH multiframe period ends (step s33).
When the last BER has been obtained and stored, the stored BERs are averaged (step s34) and then the average quantized and encoded (step s35) and output (step s36) for transmission to a base transceiver station 4 by the mobile station 6 a in the SACCH as a received signal quality report.
A third embodiment of the present invention will now be described.
A mobile station is as described above with the exception of the generation of the received signal quality report. In this embodiment, the report is based on the quality of the received training sequences.
As shown in FIG. 4, each burst comprises a training sequence sandwiched between two blocks of data bits. The training sequences are predetermined.
Referring to Referring to FIG. 14, received training sequences are fed to a received signal quality determiner 701. The received signal quality determiner 701 generates a received signal quality signal in dependence on the received training sequences and outputs it for transmission in the SACCH.
Referring to FIG. 12, TFCI BERs are fed from the TFCI decoder 413 (FIG. 8) to a received signal quality determiner 601. The received signal quality determiner 601 generates a received signal quality signal in dependence on the TFCI BERs from the TFCI decoder 413 and outputs it for transmission in the SACCH.
Referring to FIG. 15, the received signal quality determiner 701 obtains a first training sequence in a SACCH multiframe period (step s41) and compares it with a reference copy (step s42). The number of differences between the received training sequence and the reference is added to a record of the errors for the current SACCH multiframe period (step 43). The errors in successive training sequences are then obtained (step s42) and added to the error record (step s43) until the training sequence of the last burst in the current SACCH multiframe period has been processed (step s44).
When the last training sequence has been processed, the accumulated error count is quantized (step s45) and output (step s46) for transmission to a base transceiver station 4 by the mobile station 6 a in the SACCH as a received signal quality report.
The three embodiments described above may be combined to produce additional embodiments. For instance, bit error rates obtained by two or three techniques may be averaged to produce a bit error rate that is then quantized, encoded and transmitted to a base transceiver station 4 by the mobile station 6 a in the SACCH as a received signal quality report.
It is to be understood that the foregoing embodiments are merely examples and that many modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1.-20. (canceled)

21. A method of generating a received signal quality signal in a communication system, the method comprising:

receiving a signal from a physical channel, the signal comprising a plurality of bursts each including a training sequence; and

generating a received signal quality signal in dependence on the bit error rate of the training sequence of a received burst.

22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the determined bit error rates of the training sequences of a plurality of bursts are averaged.

23. The method according to claim 21, wherein the bit error rate of a training sequence is produced by comparing a received training sequence with a reference training sequence.

24. The method according to claim 21, further including transmitting the received signal quality signal in a control channel.

25. A communication device comprising:

a receiver to receive a signal from a physical channel, the signal comprising a plurality of bursts, each including a training sequence; and

processing means configured to generate a received signal quality signal in dependence on the bit error rate of the training sequence of a received burst.

26. The device according to claim 25, wherein the processing means is configured to average the determined bit error rates of the training sequences of a plurality of bursts.

27. The device according to claim 25, wherein the processing means is configured to produce the bit error rate of a training sequence by comparing a received training sequence with a reference training sequence.

28. The device according to claim 25, further including a transmitter, wherein the processing means is configured to cause the transmitter to transmit the received signal quality signal in a control channel of a communication network.

29. A processor-readable medium containing processor-executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to implement a method of generating a received signal quality signal in a communication system, the method comprising:

30. The medium according to claim 29, wherein the determined bit error rates of the training sequences of a plurality of bursts are averaged.

31. The medium according to claim 29, wherein the bit error rate of a training sequence is produced by comparing a received training sequence with a reference training sequence.

32. The medium according to claim 29, wherein the method further includes transmitting the received signal quality signal in a control channel.