US20090015090A1 - Permanent magnet rotating electrical machine and permanent magnet rotating electrical machine system - Google Patents
Permanent magnet rotating electrical machine and permanent magnet rotating electrical machine system Download PDFInfo
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- US20090015090A1 US20090015090A1 US12/170,592 US17059208A US2009015090A1 US 20090015090 A1 US20090015090 A1 US 20090015090A1 US 17059208 A US17059208 A US 17059208A US 2009015090 A1 US2009015090 A1 US 2009015090A1
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- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
- H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
- Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This application claims the foreign priority benefit under Title 35, United States Code, §119(a)-(d), of Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-182002 filed on Jul. 11, 2007 in the Japan Patent Office, the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to a permanent magnet rotating electrical machine provided with a rotor having permanent magnets and a stator, and a permanent magnet rotating electrical machine system using the same.
- 2. Related Art
- An induction motor has been employed as a rotating electrical machine to be used for an electric locomotive or vehicle. In recent years, however, low cost of permanent magnets and high performance of semiconductor devices are raising the trend of employing a permanent magnet rotating electrical machine driven by a power conversion system.
- In this situation, in order to improve the electrical characteristics of a rotating electrical machine, various types of permanent magnetic rotor structures are considered. For the rotor of a permanent magnet rotating electrical machine disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Application No. 2003-116235, divided permanent magnet segments are disposed, and flux barriers are arranged behind the divided permanent magnet segments, thereby reducing leakage fluxes to the inside of the rotor to increase the number of flux linkages with the coils of a stator.
- As the capacities of rotating electrical machines are getting larger, consideration of the mechanical strength of a rotor, which is not a problem for a small-sized machine with a small rotor diameter, is becoming important. Particularly, permanent magnets are often attached to the surface of a rotor core with adhesive, and tend to be peeled off by movement in the radial direction due to a centrifugal force. On the other hand, in order to avoid peeling off of permanent magnets, if plural holes are formed along the axial direction in a circumferential region of a rotor core and permanent magnets are arranged in the holes, the distance between the surface of a permanent magnet and a stator magnetic pole is increased to cause a problem of a drop in magnetic properties. Therefore, it is necessary to achieve both a sufficient mechanical strength of a rotor and magnetic properties. In this situation, an object of the invention is to provide a permanent magnet rotating electrical machine capable of restricting the movement of permanent magnets due to centrifugal force, and a permanent magnet rotating electrical machine system using the same.
- To address a problem, as described above, the invention provides a permanent magnet rotating electrical machine, including:
- a stator; and
- a rotor with a plurality of permanent magnets insertedly arranged in an outer circumferential region of a rotor core,
- wherein each permanent magnet has inclined surfaces on an outer circumferential surface side of the rotor, and thinnest portions with respect to the inclined surfaces are adjacent to respective permanent magnets of an opposite polarity.
- In this permanent magnet rotating electrical machine, bridges holding the permanent magnets (for example, interpolar bridges and bridge cores on the pole faces) are formed, and these bridges restrict radial movement of the permanent magnets due to the centrifugal force caused by rotation of the rotor. As each of the permanent magnets has inclined surfaces on the outer circumferential surface side and the thinnest portions are adjacent to permanent magnets of the opposite polarity, bridges (for example, an interpolar bridge) adjacent to the thinnest portions are rigid, deformed little, and ensure restriction of movement of permanent magnets. Herein, the inclined surfaces of a permanent magnet refer to surfaces which are inclined with respect to the tangent direction at the magnetic pole center of a single magnetic pole. Further, with a convex cross-section of the permanent magnet, it is possible to have the bridge (for example, a bridge core on the pole face) in the outer circumferential region at the magnetic pole center be thin, which improves the magnetic properties.
- According to a first aspect of the invention, it is possible to restrict the movement of permanent magnets due to the centrifugal force. Thus, peeling off between the rotor core and the permanent magnets can be prevented. Further, according to a second aspect of the invention, magnetic properties are improved.
-
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a rotating electrical machine in a first embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 2 is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view of the rotating electrical machine in the first embodiment; -
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship of the stress specified value and the motor characteristic with T1/TM, of the rotating electrical machine in the first embodiment; -
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a rotating electrical machine in a second embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 5 is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view of the rotating electrical machine in the second embodiment; -
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship of the stress specified value and the motor characteristic with T1/TM of the rotating electrical machine in the second embodiment; -
FIG. 7 is a view showing a rotor core in a case where one permanent magnet is divided into three permanent magnet segments; -
FIG. 8 is a view showing a rotor core in a case where one permanent magnet is divided into four permanent magnet segments; -
FIG. 9 is a diagram of an example in which wheels of an electric locomotive or vehicle are driven, using a rotating electrical machine in accordance with the invention; and -
FIG. 10 is a diagram of an example of connecting a rotating electrical machine in accordance with the invention directly with wheels of an electric locomotive or vehicle. - Details of the invention will be described below, referring to the drawings. In each drawing, the same reference numerals are given to the same parts.
-
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an end portion of a permanent magnet rotating electrical machine in a first embodiment. A permanent magnet rotatingelectrical machine 100 is a 10-pole/45-slot rotating electrical machine, used for an electric locomotive or vehicle of a several hundred kW class, and permits a rotational speed of 5000-7000 rpm. - A
stator 1 is a distributed winding stator provided with a cylindrical stator core having a plurality ofteeth 12 protruding from a yoke to the inner surface, andcoils 10 distributedly wound by the use of theteeth 12. Thecoils 10 are subjected to three-phase winding, namely U-phase, V-phase and W-phase, to electrically form 10 poles with 45 slots. Theslots 13 formed between theteeth 12 extending along the axial direction are divided by two as the outer circumferential side and the inner circumferential side, and thecoils 10 are arranged such thatupper coils 8 are disposed on the outer circumferential side andlower coils 9 are arranged on the inner circumferential side. -
Coils 10 are wound in a manner called short pitch winding, which reduces eddy current loss compared with full pitch winding. Eachcoil 10 is connected such that a wire coming out from alower coil 9 inslot # 1 out of the slot numbers from #1 to #45, which are numbers assigned counterclockwise for theslots 13 for descriptive purposes, goes into theupper coil 8 inslot # 5, wherein this connection is repeated in the circumferential direction to form three-phase winding. Herein, the number ofslot # 5 is a value obtained by dividing the number ofslots 45 by the number ofpoles 10, namely 4.5, and rounding it, resulting in 5. By making the ratio between the winding pitch and the magneticpole pitch (the degree of short pitch) be ⅚, the fifth and seventh space harmonics are reduced. Although in the present embodiment, short pitch winding is adopted, full pitch winding or concentration winding may be adopted in a combination of a different number of poles and a different number of slots. Further, although in the present embodiment, combination of 10 poles and 45 slots is adopted, combination of a different number of poles and a different number of slots may be adopted. - The
rotor 2 is rotatably arranged, coaxially with thestator 1. Ashaft 6 is fitted into the inner surface of therotor core 5, andpermanent magnet segments 3 are disposed in pluralrespective magnet slots 4 formed penetrating through therotor core 5 in the outer circumferential region of therotor core 5. Thepermanent magnet segments 3 are arranged such that two magnet segments of the same polarity are provided for a single pole, and 20 magnet segments are arranged in total. Further, by formingplural magnet slots 4 penetrating through therotor core 5 in the outer circumferential region of therotor core 5, amagnetic pole bridge 15 is formed at each boundary (the magnetic pole center) betweenpermanent magnet segments interpolar bridge 14 is formed at each boundary between adjacentpermanent magnets bridge core 16 on the pole face is formed betweeninterpolar bridges 14 of each permanent magnet 3 (or between aninterpolar bridge 14 and a magnetic pole bridge 15), on the outer circumferential side. That is, eachpermanent magnet 3 is supported byinterpolar bridges 14, amagnetic pole bridge 15, and abridge core 16 on the pole face. -
FIG. 2 is a partial enlarged view of a portion related to a single magnetic pole of therotor 2 in the first embodiment. A pair ofpermanent magnet segments permanent magnet 3 a, shown by dashed lines and curves, and has a shape convexed toward the outer circumference of the rotor at the magnetic pole center (the boundary betweenpermanent magnet segments permanent magnet segments permanent magnet 3 a and have an inclined surface, the thickness of the cross-sections thereof changing with the circumferential position in therotor 2. The shape of the inclined surface is a combination of plural lines and plural arcs continuous from the lines, wherein the radii R1 and R2 of the arcs at the corners on the side of the outer circumference of the rotor are larger than the radii R3 and R4 of the arcs at the corners on the side of the inner circumference of the rotor. Thepermanent magnet 3 a has a flat surface on the inner circumference side, and each inclined surface of thepermanent magnet 3 a is inclined with respect to the tangent direction at the magnetic pole center of a single magnetic pole. The thickness TM of the magnetic pole center portion is larger than that of the thinnest portions on the both ends. Interpolar bridges 14, 14 are formed and arranged on the both sides of thepermanent magnet 3 a such that the distance between themselves and the outer circumferential surface of therotor 2 increases. The thinnest portions of thepermanent magnet 3 a are adjacent topermanent magnets 3 a of the opposite polarity. Both theinterpolar bridges bridge core 16 on the pole face restrict the movement of thepermanent magnet 3 a in the radial direction due to the centrifugal force caused by the rotation of therotor 2, and thus thepermanent magnet 3 a is prevented from peeling off. Since thepermanent magnet 3 a has a convex shape, theinterpolar bridges rotor 2, thus having a sufficient strength with a high rigidity and resistance against deformation so as to restrict the movement of thepermanent magnet 3 a. Further, since thepermanent magnet 3 a has a convex shape, the thickness of thebridge core 16 on the pole face can be made thin in the vicinity of the magnetic pole center (the vicinity of the center of thepermanent magnet 3 a), and the magnetic properties of the rotatingelectrical machine 100 are improved. - A
magnetic pole bridge 15 is provided between thepermanent magnet segments bridge core 16 on the pole face due to the centrifugal force at the magnetic pole center. - In
FIG. 2 , T1 represents the thickness of thebridge core 16 on the pole face between amagnet slot 4 and the outer circumference of therotor 2, and TM represents the height (thickness) of the thickest portion of apermanent magnet segment 3, which is also the height (thickness) of the thickest portion ofapermanent magnet 3 a. Eachpermanent magnet segment 3 is formed to have larger radii R1 and R2 at the respective corners on the outer circumference side of the rotor and smaller radii R3 and R4 at the respective corners on the inner circumference side of the rotor, thereby reducing stress concentration. It is also possible to reduce stress concentration by forming a part of the surface of the permanent magnet on the outer circumference side not in a flat surface but in an arced surface similar to the outer circumference of therotor 2. Since thepermanent magnet 3 a is formed with a cross-section in a convex shape, thebridge core 16 on the pole face can be made thin in the vicinity of the magnetic pole center so as to improve the magnetic properties with respect to a magnetic pole of thestator 1. - In the following, effects of the invention will be described from the viewpoints of stress characteristics and motor characteristics.
FIG. 3 shows the relationship between stress specified values and T1/TM, and the relationship between motor characteristic specified values and T1/TM. The horizontal axis represents ratio T1/TM, namely the ratio of the thickness of thebridge core 16 on the pole face to the thickness of thepermanent magnet segment 3. Herein, it tends that the thicker thebridge core 16 on the pole face, the higher the stress characteristics and the lower the motor characteristics.Graph 51 indicates stress specified values, wherein a value satisfying the mechanical strength (for example, a value capable of preventing destruction due to deterioration) is specified to be 1.Graph 52 indicates motor characteristics specified values, having a value satisfying the torque and voltage characteristics required of a motor be 1. In other words, if the respective specified values are greater or equal to 1, a rotating electrical machine can be operated without problems. According toFIG. 3 , if T1/TM ratio is greater than or equal to 0.13, the stress specified value is satisfying. If T1/TM ratio is lower than or equal to 0.23, the motor characteristics specified value is satisfying. Accordingly, it is desirable to set the value T1/TM to be in a range of 0.13≦T1/TM≦0.23. - As has been described above, in accordance with the present embodiment,
interpolar bridges 14 and abridge core 16 on the pole face are formed to hold apermanent magnet 3 a, and thebridges 14 and thebridge core 16 on the pole face restrict thepermanent magnet 3 a from moving in the radial direction due to the centrifugal force of therotor 2. Further, eachpermanent magnet 3 a has inclined surfaces on the outer circumferential side, and the thinnest portions thereof are adjacent to respectivepermanent magnets 3 a of the opposite polarity. Therefore, theinterpolar bridges 14 in the vicinity of the thinnest portions have a high rigidity and resistance against deformation of the bridges so that the permanent magnet is ensured to be restricted from moving. Further, having a pair ofpermanent magnet segments permanent magnet 3 a in a shape with a convex cross-section divided into two portions allows it to make thebridge core 16 on the pole face to be thin in the outer circumferential portion in the vicinity of the magnetic pole center, which improves the magnetic properties. Further, by providing the pair ofpermanent magnet segments magnetic pole bridge 15 is formed and themagnetic pole bridge 15 functions to restrict the movement of thepermanent magnet segments bridge core 16 on the pole face. - Although in the present embodiment, each
permanent magnet 3 a is divided into twopermanent magnet segments interpolar bridges 14, themagnetic pole bridge 15, andbridge core 16 on the pole face are formed, it is also possible to form theinterpolar bridges 14 and thebridge core 16 on the pole face with asingle magnet segment 3 substantially axisymmetrically with respect to the magnetic pole center without forming themagnetic pole bridge 15. -
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an end portion of a permanent magnet rotating electrical machine in a second embodiment of the invention. - A permanent magnet rotating
electrical machine 110 is different from the permanent magnet rotatingelectrical machine 100 in the first embodiment in that recessedflux barriers 7 are provided along the axial direction, between respective magnetic poles ofpermanent magnets 3 a orpermanent magnet segments 3 of opposite polarities. Theseflux barriers 7 prevent magnetic fluxes created by thepermanent magnets 3 a orpermanent magnet segments 3 from flowing to the respective adjacentpermanent magnets 3 a orpermanent magnet segments 3 of the opposite polarity, so that the fluxes flow to magnetic poles of thestator 1. -
FIG. 5 is a partial enlarged view of a portion related to a single magnetic pole arranged on therotor 2 in the second embodiment. The same as inFIG. 2 , T1 represents the thickness of thebridge core 16 on the pole face, in other words, the distance between amagnet slot 4 and the outer circumference of therotor 2, and TM represents the height (thickness) of the thickest portion of apermanent magnet segment 3. Further, T2 represents the width of the narrowest portion between aflux barrier 7 and apermanent magnet 3. -
FIG. 6 shows the relationship between stress specified values and T2/TM, and the relationship between motor characteristic specified values and T2/TM. The same as inFIG. 3 ,graph 61 indicates stress specified values, wherein a value satisfying the mechanical strength is specified to be 1.Graph 62 indicates motor characteristics specified values, having a value satisfying the torque and voltage characteristics required of a rotating electrical machine be 1. In other words, if the respective specified values are greater or equal to 1, a rotating electrical machine can be operated without problems. Accordingly, if ratio T2/TM is greater than or equal to 0.1, the stress specified value is satisfying. If ratio T2/TM is lower than or equal to 0.4, the motor characteristics specified value is satisfying. Accordingly, it is desirable to set the value T2/TM to be in a range of 0.1≦T2/TM≦0.4. - In the rotor structures described in First and Second Embodiments, a
permanent magnet 3 a is divided into two segments (as shown inFIG. 2 ), and provided with a singlemagnetic pole bridge 15. However, as shown inFIGS. 7 and 8 , apermanent magnet 3 a may be divided into three or fourpermanent magnet segments 3 so that two or three magnetic pole bridges 15 are formed. Thus, abridge core 16 on the pole faces (FIG. 1 ) can be further restricted from deformation. -
FIG. 9 shows an example of a permanent magnet rotating electrical machine system for an electric locomotive or vehicle to which a rotatingelectrical machine vehicle 200 is provided with a rotatingelectrical machine speed change gear 60, andwheels 50, wherein the rotatingelectrical machine wheels 50 via thespeed change gear 60. Further, as the electric locomotive orvehicle 210 shown inFIG. 10 , thewheels 50 may be directly connected with the rotatingelectrical machine electrical machine - The invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and allows various modifications with examples as follows.
- (1) Although the rotor inner circumference side of each
permanent magnet segment 3 is shaped to be a flat surface in the above respective embodiments, a different shape may be formed. - (2) Although in the above respective embodiments, a
bridge core 16 on a pole face connectsinterpolar bridges 14, or connect an interpolar bridge and amagnetic pole bridge 15, thebridge core 16 on the pole face may not connect them in the vicinity of the magnetic pole. Thus, the distance betweenpermanent magnet segments 3 and thestator 1 can be reduced, which improves the magnetic properties. Particularly, when dividing apermanent magnet 3 a into an odd number of segments, since the center permanent magnet becomes closer to a magnetic pole of thestator 1, the magnetic properties are improved more effectively. In this case also, it is necessary to insert a central permanent magnet, in other words, to hold apermanent magnet segment 3 b (inFIG. 7 ) by a part of abridge core 16 on the pole face.
Claims (12)
0.13≦T1/TM≦0.23
0.1≦T2/TM≦0.4
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007182002A JP4886624B2 (en) | 2007-07-11 | 2007-07-11 | Permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine and permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine system |
JP2007-182002 | 2007-07-11 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20090015090A1 true US20090015090A1 (en) | 2009-01-15 |
US8148865B2 US8148865B2 (en) | 2012-04-03 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US12/170,592 Active 2029-08-27 US8148865B2 (en) | 2007-07-11 | 2008-07-10 | Permanent magnet rotating electrical machine and permanent magnet rotating electrical machine system |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8148865B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2015425B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4886624B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100989378B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101345444B (en) |
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US20090001914A1 (en) * | 2006-02-28 | 2009-01-01 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Electric-Motor-Equipped Vehicle |
US20090322175A1 (en) * | 2008-06-27 | 2009-12-31 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Permanent-magnet type electric rotating machine and permanent-magnet type electric rotating machine system for automobile or train |
US20100176680A1 (en) * | 2009-01-15 | 2010-07-15 | Fujitsu General Limited | Permanent magnet motor |
US20110304151A1 (en) * | 2010-06-10 | 2011-12-15 | Silvio Semmer | Permanent Magnet Machine, in Particular a Generator for a Wind Turbine |
US20120175994A1 (en) * | 2011-01-11 | 2012-07-12 | Qm Power, Inc. | Magnetically Isolated Phase Interior Permanent Magnet Electrical Rotating Machine |
US20140117804A1 (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2014-05-01 | Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co. Kg | Synchronous Motor |
US9595851B2 (en) | 2013-01-23 | 2017-03-14 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Rotary electric machine |
US20170317541A1 (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2017-11-02 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel, Ltd.) | Interior magnet rotary electric machine |
US20180191213A1 (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2018-07-05 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Electrical machine with reduced cogging and torque ripple |
US20180294685A1 (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2018-10-11 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Electric motor with permanent magnet and compressor having the same |
US20210384802A1 (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2021-12-09 | Denso Corporation | Rotating electrical machine |
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JP5193094B2 (en) * | 2009-03-03 | 2013-05-08 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Permanent magnet motor |
JP2010246185A (en) * | 2009-04-01 | 2010-10-28 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Rotor and motor |
WO2011001533A1 (en) * | 2009-07-03 | 2011-01-06 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Permanent magnetic rotating electric machine |
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JP6940222B2 (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2021-09-22 | 公益財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所 | Rotating machine and vehicle |
JP2022130851A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2022-09-07 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Rotor and peripheral drive fan provided with the same |
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US20090322175A1 (en) * | 2008-06-27 | 2009-12-31 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Permanent-magnet type electric rotating machine and permanent-magnet type electric rotating machine system for automobile or train |
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US20100176680A1 (en) * | 2009-01-15 | 2010-07-15 | Fujitsu General Limited | Permanent magnet motor |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2009022089A (en) | 2009-01-29 |
EP2015425A3 (en) | 2009-12-02 |
EP2015425B1 (en) | 2011-09-21 |
CN101345444B (en) | 2011-06-15 |
EP2015425A2 (en) | 2009-01-14 |
JP4886624B2 (en) | 2012-02-29 |
US8148865B2 (en) | 2012-04-03 |
KR20090006766A (en) | 2009-01-15 |
CN101345444A (en) | 2009-01-14 |
KR100989378B1 (en) | 2010-10-25 |
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