US2008529A - Zinc base alloy - Google Patents
Zinc base alloy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2008529A US2008529A US719749A US71974934A US2008529A US 2008529 A US2008529 A US 2008529A US 719749 A US719749 A US 719749A US 71974934 A US71974934 A US 71974934A US 2008529 A US2008529 A US 2008529A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- zinc
- aluminum
- alloys
- magnesium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 52
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title description 52
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 30
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 30
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title description 30
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 15
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000611 Zinc aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- HXFVOUUOTHJFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;zinc Chemical compound [AlH3].[Zn] HXFVOUUOTHJFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C18/00—Alloys based on zinc
- C22C18/04—Alloys based on zinc with aluminium as the next major constituent
Definitions
- This invention relates to zinc base alloys and has for its object the provision of an improved alloy of this character. More particularly, the invention aims to provide a zinc base alloy capable of forming die-cast articles possessing improved and superior physical properties, in particular, improved resistance to conditions of excessive corrosion, especially to continued exposure to steam and. hot water.
- This phase change consists in the formation of two crystalline forms or phases from one phase previously existing, and is accompanied by certain changes in physical properties of the alloy, such, for example, as increase in density, hardness and tensile strength and decrease in ductility and impact strength.
- This phase change may occur during the cooling of the alloy after casting or may through certain influences be retarded or inhibited. In such cases it may take place gradually over a period of months at ordinary temperatures.
- a secondary stage of phase change which sometimes occurs is the growth or coalescence of the extremely small particles of the new phases as first formed into larger particles.
- This stage may be accompanied by softening and lowering of tensile strength and by an increase in ductility and impact; strength.
- Zinc-aluminum alloys in this range or composition are also subject to a type of disintegration commonly known as inter-crystallineoxidation or intergranular attack.
- inter-crystalline oxidation may completely penetrate specimens of these alloys and cause swelling, warping and even complete disintegration.
- Inter-crystalline oxidation is in som way associated with and partly dependent upon the phase change.
- Zinc base alloys suitable for die-casting are known and in use.
- An alloy containing 4% aluminum, 3% copper and the balance high grade zinc metal has beenwidely used and was satisfactory for many purposes.
- This alloy was, however, open to two objections: First, upon aging, either at normal temperatures or at slightly elevated temperatures, the alloy suffers a serious loss in impact strength and a change in linear dimensions. Second, in the presence of moisture, and particularly in the presence of warmth and moisture together, the alloy undergoes intercrystalline oxidation which causes serious changes in physical properties and dimensions.
- a further improved zinc base alloy for diecasting isdescribed in the United States patent of Peirce and Anderson No. 1,663,215, dated March 20, 1928. This patent describes a zinc base alloy containing 1 to 15% aluminum, 0.5 to
- composition of this alloy was based on the discovery that the loss of impact strength and change of dimensions during aging of the alloys of Patents Nos. 1,596,761 and 1,663,215 are due to the copper content, and can be eliminated by the omission of the copper content; while adequate resistance to intercrystalline oxidation can be secured by the use of zinc of the prescribed high degree of purity in the compounding of the alloy.
- the alloy of Patent No. 1,779,525 can be substantially improved, particularly with respect to retension of impact strength and dimensions during aging (in steam, for example), by the addition of smali amounts of nickel, for example 0.005 to 0.5% nickel.
- nickel in these amounts small amounts of copper (not exceeding 0.4%) may be added to the alloy, in order to further improve its mechanical properties, e. g. its tensile strength, without causing objectionable changes of dimensions during aging.
- composition of the alloy in accordance with the invention is: I
- Aluminum 145%, preferably 2-5%, with an optimum of about 4% Copper -0.4%
- Magnesium 0.005-0.5%, preferably 0.01-0.1%, with an optimum of about 0.04%
- Nickel 0.005-0.5%, preferably 0.005-0.1%, with an optimum of about 0.02%
- Zinc at least 99.98% pure and preferably 99.99% pure, not containing more than 0.003% lead, more than 0.003% cadmium or more than 0.001% tin.
- Alloys Composition A (U. S. P. 1,663,2l5).
- alloy E alloy of the invention
- An alloy consisting of 1 to aluminum, 0.005 to 0.5% magnesium, 0.005 to 0.5% nickel, and the balance zinc at least 99.99% pure.
- An alloy consisting of 1 to 15% aluminum, 0.005 to 0.5% magnesium, 0.005 to 0.5% nickel, copper not to exceed 0.4%, and the balance zinc at least 99.99% pure.
- An alloy consisting of 2 to 5% aluminum, 0.01 to 0.1% magnesium, 0.005 to 0.1% nickel, and the balance zinc at least 99.99% pure.
- An alloy consisting of 2 to 5% aluminum, 0.01 to 0.1% magnesium, 0.005 to 0.1% nickel, copper not to exceed 0.4%, and the balance zinc at least 99.99% pure.
- An alloy consisting of about 4% aluminum, about 0.02% nickel, about 0.04% magnesium, and the balance zinc at least 99.99% pure not containing more than 0.003% lead or more than 0.003% cadmium or more than 0.001% tin.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
Description
Patented July 16, 1935 UNITED STATES ZINC BASE ALLOY George L. Werley, Palmer-ton, Pa., assignor to The New Jersey Zinc Company, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New Jersey No Drawing. Application April 9, 1934, Serial No. 719,749
8 Claims.
This invention relates to zinc base alloys and has for its object the provision of an improved alloy of this character. More particularly, the invention aims to provide a zinc base alloy capable of forming die-cast articles possessing improved and superior physical properties, in particular, improved resistance to conditions of excessive corrosion, especially to continued exposure to steam and. hot water.
The mechanical requirements of the die-casting operation necessitate the construction of th melting pot and die from iron and steel. These metals are subject to attack by molten zinc and it has been found from experience, to minimize this attack sufliciently to secure reasonable life from the machines, that at least 0.25% aluminum must be added to the zinc. Alloys for die-casting must possess a sufiicient degree of fluidity to properly flow into and completely fill the dies used, and 1% or more aluminum appears to be necessary to secure an adequate degree of fluidity. It has also long been known that aluminum increases the tensile strength of zinc and this, in itself, makes its presence in zinc base die-casting alloys desirable in quantities of from 1% to as much as 10 to 15%.
Zinc-aluminum alloys containing less than about 80% of aluminum undergo a structural change subsequent to solidification which is commonly known as a phase change, or more specifically in this case as an eutectoid reaction. This phase change consists in the formation of two crystalline forms or phases from one phase previously existing, and is accompanied by certain changes in physical properties of the alloy, such, for example, as increase in density, hardness and tensile strength and decrease in ductility and impact strength. This phase change may occur during the cooling of the alloy after casting or may through certain influences be retarded or inhibited. In such cases it may take place gradually over a period of months at ordinary temperatures.
A secondary stage of phase change which sometimes occurs is the growth or coalescence of the extremely small particles of the new phases as first formed into larger particles. This stage may be accompanied by softening and lowering of tensile strength and by an increase in ductility and impact; strength.
Zinc-aluminum alloys in this range or composition are also subject to a type of disintegration commonly known as inter-crystallineoxidation or intergranular attack. In extreme cases, under the influence of warmth and moisture, intercrystalline oxidation may completely penetrate specimens of these alloys and cause swelling, warping and even complete disintegration. Inter-crystalline oxidation is in som way associated with and partly dependent upon the phase change.
It has heretofore been recognized that certain other metals when present in these zinc-aluminum alloys exercise important effects on either the phase change or the intercrystalline oxidation or both. For example, copper and magnesium are known to exert an influence on the phase change either in respect to the rate at which it takes place or the completenness of the reaction or in some other respect not fully understood. The particular effect produced by copper and magnesium on the phase change reacts favorably in increasing the resistance of the alloys to intercrystalline oxidation. Lead, while not exerting any marked influence on the phase change, very seriously diminishes the resistance of these zinc-aluminum alloys to intercrystalline oxidation. Cadmium, though having a certain effect on the phase change, in the presence of lead also diminishes the resistance of these alloys to intercrystalline oxidation.
Zinc base alloys suitable for die-casting are known and in use. An alloy containing 4% aluminum, 3% copper and the balance high grade zinc metal has beenwidely used and was satisfactory for many purposes. This alloy was, however, open to two objections: First, upon aging, either at normal temperatures or at slightly elevated temperatures, the alloy suffers a serious loss in impact strength and a change in linear dimensions. Second, in the presence of moisture, and particularly in the presence of warmth and moisture together, the alloy undergoes intercrystalline oxidation which causes serious changes in physical properties and dimensions.
An improved zinc base alloy for die-casting is described in the United States patent of Peirce and Anderson, No. 1,596,761, dated August 17, 1926. This alloy (which, as marketed, is usually of the composition 4% aluminum, 3% copper, 0.1% magnesium and the balance high grade zinc) is virtually free from the second fault of the first mentioned alloy, namely, intercrystalline oxidation. It is, however, subject to the first fault, namely, loss of impact strength and change of dimensions upon aging. This objectionable property of these alloys prevents their use in a wide field of otherwise suitable applications. These alloys have a very high tensile strength much beyond that ordinarily needed and the elimination of the faults just described even at the expense of a considerable reduction in tensile strength is advantageous.
A further improved zinc base alloy for diecasting isdescribed in the United States patent of Peirce and Anderson No. 1,663,215, dated March 20, 1928. This patent describes a zinc base alloy containing 1 to 15% aluminum, 0.5 to
4% copper, and 0.05 to 0.5% magnesium and 0.01 to 0.5% nickel. This alloy is an improvement in certain respects over that described in U. 8. Patent No. 1,596,761, particularly with respect to impact strength after brief exposure to steam; but it is subject to dimensional changes during aging.
Another improvedzinc base die-casting alloy is described in the United States patent of Anderson, No. 1,779,525, dated Oct. 28, 1930. The alloy described in this patent consists 01' 2 to 15% aluminum, 0.01 to 0.3% magnesium and the'balance zinc of high purity, containing for example not more than 0.003% lead, not more than 0.003% cadmium and not more than 0.001% tin.
The composition of this alloy was based on the discovery that the loss of impact strength and change of dimensions during aging of the alloys of Patents Nos. 1,596,761 and 1,663,215 are due to the copper content, and can be eliminated by the omission of the copper content; while adequate resistance to intercrystalline oxidation can be secured by the use of zinc of the prescribed high degree of purity in the compounding of the alloy.
I have now discovered that the alloy of Patent No. 1,779,525 can be substantially improved, particularly with respect to retension of impact strength and dimensions during aging (in steam, for example), by the addition of smali amounts of nickel, for example 0.005 to 0.5% nickel. I have further discovered that, when nickel in these amounts is present, small amounts of copper (not exceeding 0.4%) may be added to the alloy, in order to further improve its mechanical properties, e. g. its tensile strength, without causing objectionable changes of dimensions during aging.
The composition of the alloy in accordance with the invention is: I
Aluminum, 145%, preferably 2-5%, with an optimum of about 4% Copper -0.4%
. Magnesium, 0.005-0.5%, preferably 0.01-0.1%, with an optimum of about 0.04%
Nickel, 0.005-0.5%, preferably 0.005-0.1%, with an optimum of about 0.02%
Zinc, at least 99.98% pure and preferably 99.99% pure, not containing more than 0.003% lead, more than 0.003% cadmium or more than 0.001% tin.
The improved properties of the alloy of the invention will be illustrated by comparison with alloys of Patents Nos. 1,663,215 and 1,779,525.
Alloys Composition A (U. S. P. 1,663,2l5).
B (U. S. P. 1,663,215)
0 (U. S. P. 1,663,215)..
D (U. S. P. l,779,525).
E (alloy of the invention).
mm 4.1% A], 0.02% Ni, 0.04% Mg, balance 99.99% pure zinc Impact strength-J'oot-pounds required to break test-bar inch square Alloy As cast X Y Z Change in dimensions H- equals expansion, equals contraction; inches in 6 inches} Alloy X Y Z X=after exposure for 10 days to steam at 95 C. Y=after exposure for 6 months to steam at 95 C. Z=after dry annealing for 6 months at 95 C.
The notable superiority of the alloy of the invention (alloy E) in impact strength after prolonged exposure to steam is striking. The data on dimensional changes reveal a similar improvement.
I claim:
1. An alloy consisting of 1 to aluminum, 0.005 to 0.5% magnesium, 0.005 to 0.5% nickel, and the balance zinc at least 99.99% pure.
2. An alloy consisting of 1 to 15% aluminum, 0.005 to 0.5% magnesium, 0.005 to 0.5% nickel, copper not to exceed 0.4%, and the balance zinc at least 99.99% pure.
3. An alloy consisting of 2 to 5% aluminum, 0.01 to 0.1% magnesium, 0.005 to 0.1% nickel, and the balance zinc at least 99.99% pure.
4. An alloy consisting of 2 to 5% aluminum, 0.01 to 0.1% magnesium, 0.005 to 0.1% nickel, copper not to exceed 0.4%, and the balance zinc at least 99.99% pure.
5. An alloy consisting of about 4% aluminum, about 0.02% nickel, about 0.04% magnesium, and the balance zinc at least 99.99% pure not containing more than 0.003% lead or more than 0.003% cadmium or more than 0.001% tin.
6. A zinc base alloy containing 1 to 15% aluminum, from 0.005 to 0.5% magnesium, and from 0.005 to 0.5% nickel, the balance being zinc metal at least 99.98% pure.
'7. A zinc base alloy containing from 1 to 15% aluminum, from 0.005 to 0.5% magnesium, and from 0.005 to 0.5% nickel, the balance being zinc metal at least 99.98% pure and not containing more than 0.003% lead or more than 0.003% cadmium or more than 0.001% tin.
8. A zinc base alloy containing from 1 to 15% aluminum, from 0.005 to 0.5% magnesium, from 0.005 to 0.5% nickel, and copper not to exceed 0.4%, the balance being zinc metal at least 99.98% pure and not containing more than 0.003% lead or more than 0.003% cadmium or more than 0.001% tin.
GEORGE L. WERLEY.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US719749A US2008529A (en) | 1934-04-09 | 1934-04-09 | Zinc base alloy |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US719749A US2008529A (en) | 1934-04-09 | 1934-04-09 | Zinc base alloy |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2008529A true US2008529A (en) | 1935-07-16 |
Family
ID=24891204
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US719749A Expired - Lifetime US2008529A (en) | 1934-04-09 | 1934-04-09 | Zinc base alloy |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US2008529A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3733687A (en) * | 1970-05-30 | 1973-05-22 | Senju Metal Industry Co | Method of soldering an aluminum metal to an aluminum or another metal |
US20040173294A1 (en) * | 1998-11-17 | 2004-09-09 | Grillo-Werke Ag | Use of zinc alloys |
-
1934
- 1934-04-09 US US719749A patent/US2008529A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3733687A (en) * | 1970-05-30 | 1973-05-22 | Senju Metal Industry Co | Method of soldering an aluminum metal to an aluminum or another metal |
US20040173294A1 (en) * | 1998-11-17 | 2004-09-09 | Grillo-Werke Ag | Use of zinc alloys |
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