US20080307719A1 - Domed non-steel roof frame - Google Patents

Domed non-steel roof frame Download PDF

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Publication number
US20080307719A1
US20080307719A1 US11/905,105 US90510507A US2008307719A1 US 20080307719 A1 US20080307719 A1 US 20080307719A1 US 90510507 A US90510507 A US 90510507A US 2008307719 A1 US2008307719 A1 US 2008307719A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
interior
peripheral
cables
cable retainers
frame
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Abandoned
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US11/905,105
Inventor
Murray Ellen
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority claimed from AU2007903174A external-priority patent/AU2007903174A0/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Assigned to S2 HOLDINGS PTY LIMITED reassignment S2 HOLDINGS PTY LIMITED SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: ELLEN, MURRAY EDINGTON, MR.
Publication of US20080307719A1 publication Critical patent/US20080307719A1/en
Priority to US12/818,743 priority Critical patent/US8381456B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B7/08—Vaulted roofs
    • E04B7/10—Shell structures, e.g. of hyperbolic-parabolic shape; Grid-like formations acting as shell structures; Folded structures
    • E04B7/105—Grid-like structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1993—Details of framework supporting structure, e.g. posts or walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/35—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block
    • E04B2001/3583—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block using permanent tensioning means, e.g. cables or rods, to assemble or rigidify structures (not pre- or poststressing concrete), e.g. by tying them around the structure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a domed roof frame and a method of building a domed roof frame, in materials other than steel, such as: aluminium and other alloys; carbon fibre; plastics; ceramics; timber; or glass.
  • the invention has been primarily developed for use in domed non-steel roof structures for large industrial, commercial and sporting complexes and will be described hereinafter with reference to these applications. However, the invention is not limited to these applications and is also suitable for other non-steel structural and architectural works.
  • the present invention provides a domed non-steel roof frame, the frame having at least three corners and an outwardly convex shape with an uppermost apex, the frame comprising:
  • At least three interior cable retainers each attached to, or forming part of, and extending substantially along each of the respective interior members;
  • the frame preferably also includes:
  • peripheral cable retainers each attached to, or forming part of, and extending substantially along each of the respective peripheral members
  • peripheral cables each inserted through each of the respective peripheral cable retainers
  • the present invention provides a domed non-steel roof frame, the frame having at least four corners and an outwardly convex shape with an uppermost apex, the frame comprising:
  • non-steel interior members each extending between each of the pairs of opposite corners and intersecting at the apex;
  • At least two interior cable retainers each attached to, or forming part of, and extending substantially along each of the respective interior members
  • the frame preferably also includes:
  • peripheral cable retainers each attached to, or forming part of, and extending substantially along each of the respective peripheral members
  • peripheral cables each inserted through each of the respective peripheral cable retainers
  • the present invention provides a domed non-steel roof frame, the frame having four corners and an outwardly convex shape with an uppermost apex, the frame comprising:
  • the frame preferably also includes:
  • peripheral cable retainers each attached to, or forming part of, and extending substantially along each of the respective peripheral members
  • the interior members are preferably each in the form of a non-steel truss.
  • the trusses preferably each have a hollow lower chord which defines the cable retainer of the respective interior member.
  • the peripheral members are preferably each in the form of a hollow non-steel tube which define the cable retainer of the respective peripheral members.
  • the peripheral members are each attached to a plurality of diagonal non-steel trusses, which together from the outer surface of the roof frame.
  • the means to tension each of the peripheral cables relative to their respective peripheral cable retainers are preferably mechanical jacking devices.
  • the means to maintain each of the cables tensioned relative to their respective cable retainers are permanent, such as a grout or other adhesive between the tensioned cables relative to their respective cable retainers.
  • the means to maintain each of the cables tensioned relative to their respective cable retainers are non-permanent, such as a clamp, anchor, multi-use barrel and wedge or other similar releasable device on the tensioned cables adjacent to the ends of their respective cable retainers.
  • the present invention provides a method of building a domed non-steel roof frame
  • the frame having at least three corners and an upwardly outwardly convex shape with an uppermost apex, the frame comprising:
  • At least three interior cable retainers each attached to, or forming part of, and extending substantially along each of the respective interior members;
  • the frame preferably also includes:
  • peripheral cable retainers each attached to, or forming part of, and extending substantially along each of the respective peripheral members
  • the method also comprising:
  • the present invention provides a method of building a domed non-steel roof frame
  • the frame having at least four corners and an upwardly outwardly convex shape with an uppermost apex, the frame comprising:
  • At least two interior cable retailers each attached to, or forming part of, and extending substantially along each of the respective interior members;
  • the frame preferably also includes:
  • peripheral cable retainers each attached to, or forming part of, and extending substantially along each of the respective peripheral members
  • the method also comprising:
  • the present invention provides a method of building a domed non-steel roof frame
  • the frame having four corners and an upwardly outwardly convex shape with an uppermost apex, the frame comprising:
  • At least two interior cable retainers each attached to, or forming part of, and extending substantially along each of the respective interior members
  • the frame preferably also includes:
  • peripheral cable retainers each attached to, or forming part of, and extending substantially along each of the respective peripheral members
  • the method also comprising:
  • the fixing of the tensioned cables relative to their respective cable retainers is permanent, such as a gout or other adhesive between the tensioned cables and their respective cable retainers.
  • the fixing of the tensioned cables relative to their respective cable retainers is non-permanent, such as a clamp, anchor, multi-use barrel and wedge or other releasable device, on the tensioned cables adjacent to the ends of their respective cable retainers.
  • the present invention provides a domed non-steel roof structure comprising the domed roof frame according to any of the aspects defined above, and a leg assembly at each of the corners of the domed roof frame.
  • FIG. 1 is an upper perspective view of a first embodiment of a domed non-steel roof structure
  • FIGS. 2 a to 2 j are top views showing the sequential construction and assembly of the roof frame of the structure shown in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic, upper perspective view of a second embodiment of a domed non-steel roof structure
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic, upper perspective view of a third embodiment of a domed non-steel roof structure.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic, upper perspective view of a fourth embodiment of a domed on-steel roof structure.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a domed non-steel roof structure 10 comprising a domed non-steel roof frame 12 with a non-steel leg frame assembly 14 at each of its four corners.
  • the roof frame 12 includes four non-steel peripheral members 16 and two non-steel interior members 18 .
  • the peripheral members 16 each extend between adjacent pairs of the corner leg frame assemblies 14 and are each in the form of hollow non-steel tubular members attached to diagonal trusses.
  • the two non-steel interior members 18 extend diagonally between each of the pairs of the opposite corner leg frame assemblies 14 and intersect at the highest point or apex 20 of the roof frame 12 .
  • the interior members 18 can also be considered as four interior members which each extend from each of the corner leg frame assemblies 14 to the apex 20 .
  • the peripheral members 16 are each in the form of a non-steel tubular member, defining a cable retainer. Each of the cable retainers have a respective cable inserted therein.
  • the interior members 18 are each in the form of a non-steel truss, such as that as shown in international PCT patent application no. PCT/AU01/00715, the contents of which are incorporated herein by cross reference.
  • the lower chord of each of the interior members 18 are also in the form of a tubular member, defining a cable retainer. Each of these cable retainers also have a respective cable therein.
  • the remainder of the roof frame 12 is comprised of a lattice of triangular non-steel trusses 22 of a design suitable for supporting the intended external covering of the roof frame 12 .
  • the cables in the interior members 18 are tensioned, relative to their respective cable retainers, in the directions of arrow pairs 30 .
  • This tensioning in turn applies a compression force to the lower chord of the trusses, and thus the roof frame 12 overall, storing strain energy therein.
  • the cables are maintained tensioned relative to the lower chord member (i.e. cable retainer) of their respective interior member 18 after the tension is applied in order to lock the strain energy in place.
  • the cables are fixed relative to the cable retainers by grouting.
  • the cables are fixed relative to the cable retainers by clamping the cables adjacent the ends of the cable retainers with a multi-use barrel wedge or other anchor system. In either case, and as a result, the interior members (trusses) 18 resist external tensile forces applied thereto.
  • the cables in the peripheral members 16 are also tensioned, relative to the respective cable retainers in their respective peripheral members 16 , in the direction of arrow pairs 32 and 34 .
  • This tensioning in turn applies a compression force to the peripheral members 16 and thus the roof frame 12 overall, storing strain energy therein.
  • the cables are again maintained tensioned relative to their respective peripheral member 16 after the tension is applied in order to lock the strain energy in place.
  • the cables are again similarly fixed (permanently or non-permanently) relative to the cable retainers.
  • the peripheral members 16 also resist external tensile forces applied thereto.
  • the roof frame 12 is thus able to withstand far greater loads than a conventional roof frame of similar size and produced from some similar materials. Put another way, the roof frame 12 can be produced in a larger length and width than a conventional frame using the same materials and be able to withstand a similar external load. As an example, if a conventional roof frame is able to have a length and width of 35 ⁇ 35 metes, a roof frame 12 according to an embodiment of the invention produced from similar materials can be produced having dimensions of 80 ⁇ 80 metres. Further, the structure 10 described above can be designed to meet strength and dynamic requirements, whilst reducing the need to increase the material added to the structure 10 to satisfy deflection requirements.
  • the dimensions of the structure 10 can also be increased whilst using the same amount of materials to produce a larger structure for the same material cost. Conversely, a structure 10 with a like span to an existing structure can be produced using a reduced amount of materials.
  • the structure 10 is also lighter and cheaper than existing comparable structures, particularly when foundation savings are taken into account.
  • the structure 10 is also readily adaptable for use in demountable applications.
  • FIGS. 2 a to 2 j show sequentially the construction and assembly of the roof frame 12 .
  • the previously mentioned cables are inserted into the peripheral members 16 and the interior members 18 after the basic assembly of the roof frame 12 shown in FIG. 2 ; has been completed.
  • the cables are then each tensioned relative to their respective peripheral member 16 or interior member 18 .
  • the corner leg frame assemblies 14 can also similarly utilise (permanently or non-permanently) tensioned cables therein, as disclosed in international patent application nos. PCT/AU2005/001079 and PCT/AU2005/001077, the contents of which are also incorporated herein by cross-reference.
  • FIGS. 3 , 4 and 5 are each schematic views of second, third and fourth embodiments of domed non-steel roof structures 10 ′, 10 ′ and 10 ′′′ respectively. Like features to those previously described in relation to the first embodiment of the roof structure 10 have been indicated with like reference numerals.
  • the structures 10 ′, 10 ′′ and 10 ′′′ are all constructed in a substantially identical manner as that described with reference to the structure 10 .
  • domed roof frames can be constructed having any number of sides in excess of three, having sides of equal or unequal length and having apexes at, or not at, the geometric centre of the roof frame.
  • the cable retainers can be a separate mechanism attached to the peripheral members or the interior members and can be of any shape and can have any number of cables inserted therein.
  • the peripheral members can alternatively be tensioned before the interior members.
  • frames can be constructed without the peripheral members.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)

Abstract

A domed non-steel roof frame (12). The frame (12) has at least three corners and an outwardly convex shape with an uppermost apex (20). The frame (12) comprises at least three non-steel interior members (18), at least three interior cable retainers and at least three interior cables. The at least three non-steel interior members (18) each extend from one of each of the corners to the apex (20). The at least three interior cable retainers are each attached to, or form part of, and extending substantially along each of the respective interior members (18). The at least three interior cables are each inserted through each of the respective interior cable retainers. The frame (12) also comprises means to tension each of the interior cables relative to their respective interior cable retainers and means to maintain each of the interior cables tensioned relative to their respective interior cable retainers.

Description

    TECHNICAL FIELD
  • The present invention relates to a domed roof frame and a method of building a domed roof frame, in materials other than steel, such as: aluminium and other alloys; carbon fibre; plastics; ceramics; timber; or glass.
  • The invention has been primarily developed for use in domed non-steel roof structures for large industrial, commercial and sporting complexes and will be described hereinafter with reference to these applications. However, the invention is not limited to these applications and is also suitable for other non-steel structural and architectural works.
    • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • When designing a domed non-steel roof structure, consideration must be given to, amongst other requirements, requirements of strength, deflection and dynamics. It is common for additional material to be required in a structure to satisfy deflection requirements, when compared to the material required to satisfy strength requirements. The additional material increases material and construction costs and can also adversely affect the building's dynamic response (particularly to earthquakes) and also requires a corresponding increase in the building's foundations.
  • It is important that the amount of materials used in a domed non-steel roof structure is minimised from a cost and environmental stand point. It is an object of the present invention to reduce material required in such a structure whilst still satisfying deflection criteria.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • Accordingly, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a domed non-steel roof frame, the frame having at least three corners and an outwardly convex shape with an uppermost apex, the frame comprising:
  • at least three non-steel interior members, each extending from one of each of the corners to the apex;
  • at least three interior cable retainers, each attached to, or forming part of, and extending substantially along each of the respective interior members;
  • at least three interior cables, each inserted through each of the respective interior cable retainers;
  • means to tension each of the interior cables relative to their respective interior cable retainers; and
  • means to maintain each of the interior cables tensioned relative to their respective interior cable retainers.
  • The frame preferably also includes:
  • at least three non-steel peripheral members, each extending between adjacent pairs of the at least three corners; and
  • at least three peripheral cable retainers, each attached to, or forming part of, and extending substantially along each of the respective peripheral members;
  • at least three peripheral cables, each inserted through each of the respective peripheral cable retainers;
  • means to tension each of the peripheral cables relative to their respective peripheral cable retainers; and
  • means to maintain each of the peripheral cables tensioned relative to their respective peripheral cable retainers.
  • In a second aspect, the present invention provides a domed non-steel roof frame, the frame having at least four corners and an outwardly convex shape with an uppermost apex, the frame comprising:
  • at least two non-steel interior members, each extending between each of the pairs of opposite corners and intersecting at the apex;
  • at least two interior cable retainers, each attached to, or forming part of, and extending substantially along each of the respective interior members;
  • at least two interior cables, each inserted through each of the respective interior cable retainers;
  • means to tension each of the interior cables relative to their respective interior cable retainers; and
  • means to maintain each of the interior cables tensioned relative to their respective interior cable retainers.
  • The frame preferably also includes:
  • at least four non-steel peripheral members, each extending between adjacent pairs of the at least four corners; and
  • at least four peripheral cable retainers, each attached to, or forming part of, and extending substantially along each of the respective peripheral members;
  • at least four peripheral cables, each inserted through each of the respective peripheral cable retainers;
  • means to tension each of the peripheral cables relative to their respective peripheral cable retainers; and
  • means to maintain each of the peripheral cables tensioned relative to their respective peripheral cable retainers.
  • In a third aspect, the present invention provides a domed non-steel roof frame, the frame having four corners and an outwardly convex shape with an uppermost apex, the frame comprising:
  • two mean-steel interior members, each extending between each of the pairs of opposite corners and intersecting at the apex;
  • two interior cable retainers, each attached to, or forming part of, and extending substantially along each of the respective interior members;
  • two interior cables, each inserted through each of the interior cable retainers;
  • means to tension each of the interior cables relative to their respective interior cable retainers; and
  • means to maintain each of the interior cables tensioned relative to their respective interior cable retainers.
  • The frame preferably also includes:
  • four mean-steel peripheral members extending between adjacent pairs of the four corners; and
  • four peripheral cable retainers, each attached to, or forming part of, and extending substantially along each of the respective peripheral members;
  • four peripheral cables, each inserted through each of the respective cable retainers;
  • means to tension each of the peripheral cables relative to their respective peripheral cable retainers; and
  • means to maintain each of the peripheral cables tensioned relative to their respective peripheral cable retainers.
  • The interior members are preferably each in the form of a non-steel truss. The trusses preferably each have a hollow lower chord which defines the cable retainer of the respective interior member.
  • The peripheral members are preferably each in the form of a hollow non-steel tube which define the cable retainer of the respective peripheral members. The peripheral members are each attached to a plurality of diagonal non-steel trusses, which together from the outer surface of the roof frame.
  • The means to tension each of the peripheral cables relative to their respective peripheral cable retainers are preferably mechanical jacking devices.
  • In one form, the means to maintain each of the cables tensioned relative to their respective cable retainers are permanent, such as a grout or other adhesive between the tensioned cables relative to their respective cable retainers. In another form, the means to maintain each of the cables tensioned relative to their respective cable retainers are non-permanent, such as a clamp, anchor, multi-use barrel and wedge or other similar releasable device on the tensioned cables adjacent to the ends of their respective cable retainers.
  • In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a method of building a domed non-steel roof frame,
  • the frame having at least three corners and an upwardly outwardly convex shape with an uppermost apex, the frame comprising:
  • at least three non-steel interior members, each extending from one of each of the corners to the apex;
  • at least three interior cable retainers, each attached to, or forming part of, and extending substantially along each of the respective interior members;
  • at least three interior cables, each of the cables inserted through each of the respective interior cable retainers; and
  • means to tension each of the interior cables relative to their respective interior cable retainers,
  • the method comprising:
      • 1. assembling the frame;
      • 2. inserting one of the interior cables into the interior cable retainer of each of the respective interior members;
      • 3. applying a tensile force to each of the interior cables, relative to their respective interior cable retainers; and
      • 4. after step 3, maintaining each of the interior cables tensioned relative to their respective interior cable retainers.
  • The frame preferably also includes:
  • at least three peripheral non-steel members, each extending between adjacent pairs of the at least three corners; and
  • at least three peripheral cable retainers, each attached to, or forming part of, and extending substantially along each of the respective peripheral members;
  • at least three peripheral cables, each inserted through each of the respective peripheral cable retainers; and
  • means to tension each of the peripheral cables relative to their respective peripheral cable retainers,
  • the method also comprising:
      • 5. inserting one of the peripheral cables into the cable retainer of each of the respective peripheral members;
      • 6. applying a tensile force to each of the peripheral cables, relative to their respective peripheral cable retainers; and
      • 7. after step 6, maintaining each of the peripheral cables tensioned relative to their respective peripheral cable retainers.
  • In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a method of building a domed non-steel roof frame,
  • the frame having at least four corners and an upwardly outwardly convex shape with an uppermost apex, the frame comprising:
  • at least two interior non-steel members, each extending between each of the pairs of opposite corners and intersecting at the apex;
  • at least two interior cable retailers, each attached to, or forming part of, and extending substantially along each of the respective interior members;
  • at least two interior cables, each inserted through each of the respective interior cable retainers; and
  • means to tension each of the interior cables relative to their respective interior cable retainers,
  • the method comprising:
      • 1. assembling the frame;
      • 2. inserting one of the interior cables into the interior cable retainer of each of the respective interior members;
      • 3. applying a tensile force to each of the cables, relative to their respective cable retainers; and
      • 4. after step 3, maintaining each of the interior cables tensioned relative to their respective interior cable retainers.
  • The frame preferably also includes:
  • at least four peripheral non-steel members, each extending between adjacent pairs of the at least four corners; and
  • at least four peripheral cable retainers, each attached to, or forming part of, and extending substantially along each of the respective peripheral members;
  • at least four peripheral cables, each inserted through each of the respective peripheral cable retainers; and
  • means to tension each of the peripheral cables relative to their respective peripheral cable retainers,
  • the method also comprising:
      • 5. inserting one of the peripheral cables into the peripheral cable retainer of each of the respective peripheral members;
      • 6. applying a tensile force to each of the peripheral cables, relative to their respective peripheral cable retainers; and
      • 7. after step 6, maintaining each of the peripheral cables tensioned relative to their respective peripheral cable retainers.
  • In a sixth aspect, the present invention provides a method of building a domed non-steel roof frame;
  • the frame having four corners and an upwardly outwardly convex shape with an uppermost apex, the frame comprising:
  • two interior non-steel members extending between each of the pairs of opposite corners and intersecting at the apex;
  • at least two interior cable retainers, each attached to, or forming part of, and extending substantially along each of the respective interior members;
  • at least two interior cables, each inserted through each of the respective interior cable retainers; and
  • means to tension each of the interior cables relative to their respective interior cable retainers,
  • the method comprising:
      • 1. assembling the frame;
      • 2. inserting one of the interior cables into the interior cable retainer of each of the respective interior members;
      • 3. applying a tensile force to each of the interior cables, relative to their respective interior cable retainers; and
      • 4. after step 3, maintaining each of the interior cables tensioned relative to their respective interior cable retainers.
  • The frame preferably also includes:
  • four peripheral non-steel members extending between adjacent pairs of the four corners; and
  • at least four peripheral cable retainers, each attached to, or forming part of, and extending substantially along each of the respective peripheral members;
  • at least four peripheral cables, each inserted through each of the respective peripheral cable retainers; and
  • means to tension each of the peripheral cables relative to their respective peripheral cable retainers,
  • the method also comprising:
      • 5. inserting one of the peripheral cables into the peripheral cable retainer of each of the respective peripheral members;
      • 6. applying a tensile force to each of the peripheral cables, relative to their respective peripheral cable retainers, and
      • 7. after step 6, maintaining each of the peripheral cables tensioned relative to their respective peripheral cable retainers.
  • In one form, the fixing of the tensioned cables relative to their respective cable retainers is permanent, such as a gout or other adhesive between the tensioned cables and their respective cable retainers. In another form, the fixing of the tensioned cables relative to their respective cable retainers is non-permanent, such as a clamp, anchor, multi-use barrel and wedge or other releasable device, on the tensioned cables adjacent to the ends of their respective cable retainers.
  • In a seventh aspect, the present invention provides a domed non-steel roof structure comprising the domed roof frame according to any of the aspects defined above, and a leg assembly at each of the corners of the domed roof frame.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of examples only, with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:
  • FIG. 1 is an upper perspective view of a first embodiment of a domed non-steel roof structure;
  • FIGS. 2 a to 2 j are top views showing the sequential construction and assembly of the roof frame of the structure shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic, upper perspective view of a second embodiment of a domed non-steel roof structure;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic, upper perspective view of a third embodiment of a domed non-steel roof structure; and
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic, upper perspective view of a fourth embodiment of a domed on-steel roof structure.
    •  DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a domed non-steel roof structure 10 comprising a domed non-steel roof frame 12 with a non-steel leg frame assembly 14 at each of its four corners. The roof frame 12 includes four non-steel peripheral members 16 and two non-steel interior members 18.
  • The peripheral members 16 each extend between adjacent pairs of the corner leg frame assemblies 14 and are each in the form of hollow non-steel tubular members attached to diagonal trusses.
  • The two non-steel interior members 18 extend diagonally between each of the pairs of the opposite corner leg frame assemblies 14 and intersect at the highest point or apex 20 of the roof frame 12. The interior members 18 can also be considered as four interior members which each extend from each of the corner leg frame assemblies 14 to the apex 20.
  • The peripheral members 16 are each in the form of a non-steel tubular member, defining a cable retainer. Each of the cable retainers have a respective cable inserted therein.
  • The interior members 18 are each in the form of a non-steel truss, such as that as shown in international PCT patent application no. PCT/AU01/00715, the contents of which are incorporated herein by cross reference. The lower chord of each of the interior members 18 are also in the form of a tubular member, defining a cable retainer. Each of these cable retainers also have a respective cable therein.
  • The remainder of the roof frame 12 is comprised of a lattice of triangular non-steel trusses 22 of a design suitable for supporting the intended external covering of the roof frame 12.
  • After the frame 12 has been assembled, the cables in the interior members 18 are tensioned, relative to their respective cable retainers, in the directions of arrow pairs 30. This tensioning in turn applies a compression force to the lower chord of the trusses, and thus the roof frame 12 overall, storing strain energy therein. The cables are maintained tensioned relative to the lower chord member (i.e. cable retainer) of their respective interior member 18 after the tension is applied in order to lock the strain energy in place. For a permanent structure, the cables are fixed relative to the cable retainers by grouting. For a non-permanent or demountable structure, the cables are fixed relative to the cable retainers by clamping the cables adjacent the ends of the cable retainers with a multi-use barrel wedge or other anchor system. In either case, and as a result, the interior members (trusses) 18 resist external tensile forces applied thereto.
  • The cables in the peripheral members 16 are also tensioned, relative to the respective cable retainers in their respective peripheral members 16, in the direction of arrow pairs 32 and 34. This tensioning in turn applies a compression force to the peripheral members 16 and thus the roof frame 12 overall, storing strain energy therein. The cables are again maintained tensioned relative to their respective peripheral member 16 after the tension is applied in order to lock the strain energy in place. The cables are again similarly fixed (permanently or non-permanently) relative to the cable retainers. As a result, the peripheral members 16 also resist external tensile forces applied thereto.
  • The roof frame 12 is thus able to withstand far greater loads than a conventional roof frame of similar size and produced from some similar materials. Put another way, the roof frame 12 can be produced in a larger length and width than a conventional frame using the same materials and be able to withstand a similar external load. As an example, if a conventional roof frame is able to have a length and width of 35×35 metes, a roof frame 12 according to an embodiment of the invention produced from similar materials can be produced having dimensions of 80×80 metres. Further, the structure 10 described above can be designed to meet strength and dynamic requirements, whilst reducing the need to increase the material added to the structure 10 to satisfy deflection requirements. The dimensions of the structure 10 can also be increased whilst using the same amount of materials to produce a larger structure for the same material cost. Conversely, a structure 10 with a like span to an existing structure can be produced using a reduced amount of materials. The structure 10 is also lighter and cheaper than existing comparable structures, particularly when foundation savings are taken into account. The structure 10 is also readily adaptable for use in demountable applications.
  • Mechanisms for tensioning the cables and thereafter locking them relative to the peripheral members 16 and interior member 18 are also disclosed in international application no. PCT/AU01/00715. Further examples of how the cables may be tensioned and fixed relative to their respective cable retainers are also disclosed in international PCT patent application nos. PCT/AU2005/001076 and PCT/AU2005/001075, the contents of which are also incorporated herein by cross reference.
  • FIGS. 2 a to 2 j show sequentially the construction and assembly of the roof frame 12. The previously mentioned cables are inserted into the peripheral members 16 and the interior members 18 after the basic assembly of the roof frame 12 shown in FIG. 2; has been completed. The cables are then each tensioned relative to their respective peripheral member 16 or interior member 18. If desired, the corner leg frame assemblies 14 can also similarly utilise (permanently or non-permanently) tensioned cables therein, as disclosed in international patent application nos. PCT/AU2005/001079 and PCT/AU2005/001077, the contents of which are also incorporated herein by cross-reference.
  • FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 are each schematic views of second, third and fourth embodiments of domed non-steel roof structures 10′, 10′ and 10′″ respectively. Like features to those previously described in relation to the first embodiment of the roof structure 10 have been indicated with like reference numerals. The structures 10′, 10″ and 10′″ are all constructed in a substantially identical manner as that described with reference to the structure 10.
  • Although the invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated by those persons skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in many other forms. For example, domed roof frames can be constructed having any number of sides in excess of three, having sides of equal or unequal length and having apexes at, or not at, the geometric centre of the roof frame. Further, the cable retainers can be a separate mechanism attached to the peripheral members or the interior members and can be of any shape and can have any number of cables inserted therein. The peripheral members can alternatively be tensioned before the interior members. Finally, if resisting wind loads is not the major design factor, frames can be constructed without the peripheral members.

Claims (26)

1. A domed non-steel roof frame, the frame having at least three corners and an outwardly convex shape with an uppermost apex, the frame comprising:
at least three non-steel interior members, each extending from one of each of the corners to the apex;
at least three interior cable retainers, each attached to, or forming part of, and extending substantially along each of the respective interior members;
at least three interior cables, each inserted through each of the respective interior cable retainers;
means to tension each of the interior cables relative to their respective interior cable retainers; and
means to maintain each of the interior cables tensioned relative to their respective interior cable retainers.
2. The frame as claimed in claim 1, wherein the frame further includes:
at least three non-steel peripheral members, each extending between adjacent pairs of the at least three corners; and
at least three peripheral cable retainers, each attached to, or forming part of, and extending substantially along each of the respective peripheral members;
at least three peripheral cables, each inserted through each of the respective peripheral cable retainers;
means to tension each of the peripheral cables relative to their respective peripheral cable retainers; and
means to maintain each of the peripheral cables tensioned relative to their respective peripheral cable retainers.
3. A domed non-steel roof frame, the frame having at least four corners and an outwardly convex shape with an uppermost apex, the frame comprising:
at least two non-steel interior members, each extending between each of the pairs of opposite corners and intersecting at the apex;
at least two interior cable retainers, each attached to, or forming part of, and extending substantially along each of the respective interior members;
at least two interior cables, each inserted through each of the respective interior cable retainers;
means to tension each of the interior cables relative to their respective interior cable retainers; and
means to maintain each of the interior cables tensioned relative to their respective interior cable retainers.
4. The frame as claimed in claim 3, wherein the frame further includes:
at least four non-steel peripheral members, each extending between adjacent pairs of the at least four corners; and
at least four peripheral cable retainers, each attached to, or forming part of, and extending substantially along each of the respective peripheral members;
at least four peripheral cables, each inserted through each of the respective peripheral cable retainers;
means to tension each of the peripheral cables relative to their respective peripheral cable retainers; and
means to maintain each of the peripheral cables tensioned relative to their respective peripheral cable retainers.
5. A domed non-steel roof frame, the frame having four corners and an outwardly convex shape with an uppermost apex, the frame comprising:
two non-steel interior members, each extending between each of the pairs of opposite corners and intersecting at the apex;
two interior cable retainers, each attached to, or forming part of, and extending substantially along each of the respective interior members;
two interior cables, each inserted through each of the interior cable retainers;
means to tension each of the interior cables relative to their respective interior cable retainers; and
means to maintain each of the interior cables tensioned relative to their respective interior cable retainers.
6. The frame as claimed in claim 5, wherein the frame further includes:
four non-steel peripheral members extending between adjacent pairs of the four corners; and
four peripheral cable retainers, each attached to, or forming part of, and extending substantially along each of the respective peripheral members;
four peripheral cables, each inserted through each of the respective cable retainers;
means to tension each of the peripheral cables relative to their respective peripheral cable retainers; and
means to maintain each of the peripheral cables tensioned relative to their respective peripheral cable retainers.
7. The frame as claimed in claim 1, wherein the interior members are each in the form of a non-steel truss.
8. The frame as claimed in claim 7, wherein the trusses each have a hollow lower chord which defines the cable retainer of the respective interior member.
9. The frame as claimed in claim 1, wherein the peripheral members are each in the form of a hollow non-steel tube which define the cable retainer of the respective peripheral members.
10. The frame as claimed in claim 9, wherein the peripheral members are each attached to a plurality of diagonal non-steel trusses, which together form the outer surface of the roof frame.
11. The frame as claimed in claim 1, wherein the means to tension each of the peripheral cables relative to their respective peripheral cable retainers are mechanical jacking devices.
12. The frame as claimed in claim 1, wherein the means to maintain each of the cables tensioned relative to their respective cable retainers are permanent
13. The frame as claimed in claim 12, wherein the means to maintain each of the cables permanently tensioned relative to their respective cable retainers include a grout or other adhesive between the tensioned cables relative to their respective cable retainers.
14. The frame as claimed in claim 1, wherein the means to maintain each of the cables tensioned relative to their respective cable retainers are non-permanent
15. The frame as claimed in claim 14, wherein the means to maintain each of the cables non-permanently tensioned relative to their respective cable retainers include a clamp, anchor, multi-use barrel and wedge or other similar releasable device on the tensioned cables adjacent to the ends of their respective cable retainers.
16. A method of building a domed non-steel roof frame,
the frame having at least three corners and an upwardly outwardly convex shape with an uppermost apex, the frame comprising:
at least three non-steel interior members, each extending from one of each of the corners to the apex;
at least three interior cable retainers, each attached to, or forming part of, and extending substantially along each of the respective interior members;
at least three interior cables, each of the cables inserted through each of the respective interior cable retainers; and
means to tension each of the interior cables relative to their respective interior cable retainers,
the method comprising:
1. assembling the frame;
2. inserting one of the interior cables into the interior cable retainer of each of the respective interior members;
3. applying a tensile force to each of the interior cables, relative to their respective interior cable retainers; and
after step 3, maintaining each of the interior cables tensioned relative to their respective interior cable retainers.
17. The method as claimed in claim 16, wherein the frame also includes:
to at least three peripheral non-steel members, each extending between adjacent pairs of the at least three corners; and
at least three peripheral cable retainers, each attached to, or forming part of, and extending substantially along each of the respective peripheral members;
at least three peripheral cables, each inserted through each of the respective peripheral cable retainers; and
means to tension each of the peripheral cables relative to their respective peripheral cable retainers,
and the method also comprises:
5. inserting one of the peripheral cables into the cable retainer of each of the respective peripheral members;
6. applying a tensile force to each of the peripheral cables, relative to their respective peripheral cable retainers; and
7. after step 6, maintaining each of the peripheral cables tensioned relative to their respective peripheral cable retainers.
18. A method of building a domed non-steel roof frame,
the frame having at least four corners and an upwardly outwardly convex shape with an uppermost apex, the frame comprising:
at least two interior non-steel members, each extending between each of the pairs of opposite corners and intersecting at the apex;
at least two interior cable retainers, each attached to, or forming part of, and extending substantially along each of the respective interior members;
at least two interior cables, each inserted through each of the respective interior cable retainers; and
means to tension each of the interior cables relative to their respective interior cable retainers, the method comprising:
1. assembling the frame;
2. inserting one of the interior cables into the interior cable retainer of each of the respective interior members;
3. applying a tensile force to each of the cables, relative to their respective cable retainers; and
4. after step 3, maintaining each of the interior cables tensioned relative to their respective interior cable retainers.
19. The method as claimed in claim 18, wherein the frame also includes:
at least four peripheral non-steel members, each extending between adjacent pairs of the at least four corners; and
at least four peripheral cable retainers, each attached to, or forming part of, and extending substantially along each of the respective peripheral members;
at least four peripheral cables, each inserted through each of the respective peripheral cable retainers; and
means to tension each of the peripheral cables relative to their respective peripheral cable retainers,
and the method also comprises:
5. inserting one of the peripheral cables into the peripheral cable retainer of each of the respective peripheral members;
6. applying a tensile force to each of the peripheral cables, relative to their respective peripheral cable retainers; and
7. after step 6, maintaining each of the peripheral cables tensioned relative to their respective peripheral cable retainers.
20. A method of building a domed non-steel roof frame;
the frame having four corners and an upwardly outwardly convex shape with an uppermost apex, the frame comprising:
two interior non-steel members extending between each of the pairs of opposite corners and intersecting at the apex;
at least two interior cable retainers, each attached to, or forming part of, and extending substantially along each of the respective interior members;
at least two interior cables, each inserted through each of the respective interior cable retainers; and
means to tension each of the interior cables relative to their respective interior cable retainers, the method comprising:
1. assembling the frame;
2. inserting one of the interior cables into the interior cable retainer of each of the respective interior members;
3. applying a tensile force to each of the interior cables, relative to their respective interior cable retainers; and
4. after step 3, maintaining each of the interior cables tensioned relative to their respective interior cable retainers.
21. The method as claimed in claim 20, wherein the frame also includes:
four peripheral non-steel members extending between adjacent pairs of the four corners; and
at least four peripheral cable retainers, each attached to, or forming part of, and extending substantially along each of the respective peripheral members;
at least four peripheral cables, each inserted through each of the respective peripheral cable retainers; and
means to tension each of the peripheral cables relative to their respective peripheral cable retainers,
and the method also comprises:
5. inserting one of the peripheral cables into the peripheral cable retainer of each of the respective peripheral members;
6. applying a tensile force to each of the peripheral cables, relative to their respective peripheral cable retainers; and
7. after step 6, maintaining each of the peripheral cables tensioned relative to their respective peripheral cable retainers.
22. The method as claimed in claim 19, wherein the fixing of the tensioned cables relative to their respective cable retainers is permanent.
23. The method as claimed in claim 22, wherein the permanent fixing of the tensioned cables relative to their respective cable retainers is a grout or other adhesive between the tensioned cables and their respective cable retainers.
24. The method as claimed in claim 19, wherein the fixing of the tensioned cables relative to their respective cable retainers is non-permanent.
25. The method as claimed in claim 24, wherein the non-permanent fixing of the tensioned cables relative to their respective cable retainers is a clamp, anchor, multi-use barrel and wedge or other releasable device, on the tensioned cables adjacent to the ends of their respective cable retainers.
26. A domed non-steel roof structure comprising the domed roof frame according to claim 1, and a leg assembly at each of the corners of the domed roof frame.
US11/905,105 2007-06-13 2007-09-26 Domed non-steel roof frame Abandoned US20080307719A1 (en)

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AU2007903174A AU2007903174A0 (en) 2007-06-13 A domed non-steel roof frame

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CN109098286A (en) * 2018-09-28 2018-12-28 同济大学 Super-span self-contained pattern suspended-cable structure unit and suspended-cable structure group
CN111980159A (en) * 2020-06-17 2020-11-24 瑞德尔建筑科技（上海）有限公司 Assembled super large-span aluminum alloy truss building
CN116427545A (en) * 2023-06-08 2023-07-14 北京市建筑工程研究院有限责任公司 Large-span overhanging roof with compact structure and difficult overturning and construction method thereof

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USD785814S1 (en) * 2015-07-01 2017-05-02 Cj Cgv Co., Ltd. Ceiling frame for screen
USD785204S1 (en) * 2015-07-01 2017-04-25 Cj Cgv Co., Ltd. Frame for theater
US9783983B1 (en) * 2016-06-13 2017-10-10 Richard Fairbanks Lotus dome
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CN111980159A (en) * 2020-06-17 2020-11-24 瑞德尔建筑科技（上海）有限公司 Assembled super large-span aluminum alloy truss building
CN116427545A (en) * 2023-06-08 2023-07-14 北京市建筑工程研究院有限责任公司 Large-span overhanging roof with compact structure and difficult overturning and construction method thereof

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GB2450184A (en) 2008-12-17
US20100251631A1 (en) 2010-10-07
US8381456B2 (en) 2013-02-26

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