US20080292724A1 - Composition for improving membrane composition and functioning cells - Google Patents

Composition for improving membrane composition and functioning cells Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20080292724A1
US20080292724A1 US12/142,993 US14299308A US2008292724A1 US 20080292724 A1 US20080292724 A1 US 20080292724A1 US 14299308 A US14299308 A US 14299308A US 2008292724 A1 US2008292724 A1 US 2008292724A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
fraction
composition
use according
cells
lipid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/142,993
Inventor
Robert Johan Joseph Hageman
John Sijben
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nutricia NV
Original Assignee
Nutricia NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=36072152&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=US20080292724(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Nutricia NV filed Critical Nutricia NV
Assigned to N.V. NUTRICIA reassignment N.V. NUTRICIA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HAGEMAN, ROBERT JOHAN JOSEPH, SIJBEN, JOHN
Publication of US20080292724A1 publication Critical patent/US20080292724A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/115—Fatty acids or derivatives thereof; Fats or oils
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/115—Fatty acids or derivatives thereof; Fats or oils
    • A23L33/12—Fatty acids or derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/15—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/16—Inorganic salts, minerals or trace elements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
    • A23L33/175—Amino acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/40—Complete food formulations for specific consumer groups or specific purposes, e.g. infant formula
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/13—Amines
    • A61K31/14—Quaternary ammonium compounds, e.g. edrophonium, choline
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
    • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
    • A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
    • A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or pantothenic acid
    • A61K31/198—Alpha-amino acids, e.g. alanine or edetic acid [EDTA]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
    • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
    • A61K31/20—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms, e.g. stearic, palmitic, arachidic acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
    • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
    • A61K31/20—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms, e.g. stearic, palmitic, arachidic acids
    • A61K31/202—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms, e.g. stearic, palmitic, arachidic acids having three or more double bonds, e.g. linolenic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
    • A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/352—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline 
    • A61K31/353—3,4-Dihydrobenzopyrans, e.g. chroman, catechin
    • A61K31/355—Tocopherols, e.g. vitamin E
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
    • A61K31/365—Lactones
    • A61K31/375—Ascorbic acid, i.e. vitamin C; Salts thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7042—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
    • A61K31/7052—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides
    • A61K31/706—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/7064—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines
    • A61K31/7068—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines having oxo groups directly attached to the pyrimidine ring, e.g. cytidine, cytidylic acid
    • A61K31/7072—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines having oxo groups directly attached to the pyrimidine ring, e.g. cytidine, cytidylic acid having two oxo groups directly attached to the pyrimidine ring, e.g. uridine, uridylic acid, thymidine, zidovudine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/04—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/06—Aluminium, calcium or magnesium; Compounds thereof, e.g. clay
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A61K33/30—Zinc; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A61K33/32—Manganese; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
    • A61K35/12—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells
    • A61K35/20—Milk; Whey; Colostrum
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/06—Fungi, e.g. yeasts
    • A61K36/062—Ascomycota
    • A61K36/064—Saccharomycetales, e.g. baker's yeast
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A61K8/36—Carboxylic acids; Salts or anhydrides thereof
    • A61K8/361—Carboxylic acids having more than seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain; Salts or anhydrides thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/16—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/18—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for pancreatic disorders, e.g. pancreatic enzymes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/02—Nutrients, e.g. vitamins, minerals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
    • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/04—Immunostimulants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/08—Antiallergic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/04—Inotropic agents, i.e. stimulants of cardiac contraction; Drugs for heart failure
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/06—Antiarrhythmics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to nutraceutical and pharmaceutical compositions, more in particular compositions that can improve membrane composition and functioning of cells and through this the general cell functioning.
  • Membranes in living cells are known to have many important functions.
  • the plasma membrane serves as a barrier to extra-cellular components (e.g. chemical compounds, antigens and cells); membranes (intra cellular as well as the plasma membrane) regulate the transport of components from the exterior to the interior of cells or organelles and vice versa.
  • Membranes form a matrix for many endogenous reactions, for example many enzyme controlled reactions that are important for the biosynthesis, metabolism or catabolism of compounds.
  • Membranes are also important for recognition and modulation of signals from the outside world and therefore contribute to a proper response of the organism.
  • Interaction with the outside world includes the interaction of host cells with foreign cells or parts thereof like antigens/allergens, interaction of host cells with signal molecules like insulin, chemokines, cytokines and hormones and interaction of host cells with each other, such as the interactions between nerve cells, in particular those within the central nerve system (brain and in the spinal chord).
  • PI phosphatidylinositol
  • PKC protein kinase C
  • the way that a living cell reacts to an extracellular signal can vary widely and includes specific activation of phospholipid metabolism, specific cell adhesion behavior, a change in GTP-ase activity, localization of protein kinase activity, e.g. that of PKC, expression of specific transcription factors, regulation of the sensitivity of insulin receptor, and the spatial arrangement or activity of receptors and of ion channels.
  • nerve cells Interaction between nerve cells (neurons) requires activation of ion channels, including the Na+, K+ and Ca2+ channels.
  • the regulation of numbers of receptors is important for proper cognitive, emotional and sensorimotoric (like e.g. hearing, smelling, feeling and tasting) functions.
  • Such regulation is also mediated by neuregulin (Nrg-1) and postsynaptic density protein (PSD-95), whose functions appear to be dependent on membrane composition.
  • Nrg-1 neuregulin
  • PSD-95 postsynaptic density protein
  • Cell membranes comprise many types of chemical components, like phospholipids, cholesterol, glycolipids, sphingolipids, sulfatides, cerebrosides, gangliosides, proteins, including glycoproteins, peptides, ions, vitamins, and many other components apart from water. Typically these components are not evenly distributed over the membrane. Polar and non-polar areas can be identified. In particular to the so-called “rafts,” the often small non-polar areas in a plasma membrane, specific functions have been allocated (Brown, D. A., London, E., (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275:17221-17224).
  • Membrane composition is subject to many changes over time due to physical and/or enzymatic processes.
  • Membrane-like structures also form a large part of the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) and their structure determines their potential function and properties.
  • US 2005/0009779 discloses a method to increase membrane fluidity and to improve receptor function in this way. It was claimed that saturated fatty acids and cholesterol stiffen the membrane and that the combination of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids together with certain components that improve methionine metabolism can make cell membranes function in a better way.
  • the document is e.g. silent about the importance of the presence of polar membrane constituents other than phospholipids and about the role of food constituents like manganese, molybdenum, taurine, cysteine, sulfate, water and the nature of the carbohydrate fraction in suitable nutritional products for improvement of membrane function.
  • US 2005/0203053 discloses that neurological function could be improved by enhancing the biosynthesis of phospholipids in the brain. This was achieved by consuming a uridine source, a source of choline and optionally a fatty acid. It was claimed that synaptic transmission was improved; the number of neurites was increased as well as the sensitivity of the P2Y receptor. Similar effects for these food components have been disclosed in US 2005/0176676.
  • WO 2004/028529 discloses a specific phospholipid comprising arachidonic acid, optionally in combination with medium chain triglycerides or a source of docosahexaenoic acid for improving cognitive function.
  • WO 2005/051091 discloses a specific blend of glycerophospholipids in combination with sphingomyelin and/or cholesterol, which blend resembles that of human breast milk and is present as a fat globule for use in the manufacture of infant formulae.
  • the blend is claimed to be beneficial for the development of cognitive and vision functions of the fetus, infants and children.
  • an isotonic lipid emulsion which comprises 60-95 wt % MCT and 5-40 wt % fish oil and which comprises no vegetable oils.
  • This lipid blend is claimed to rapidly modify cell membranes of organs and tissues, and to be useful in the treatment of a wide range of diseases.
  • EP 0311091 discloses a specific lipid blend for parenteral use, which comprises MCT, ⁇ -3 and ⁇ -6 fatty acids, a phospholipid fraction and vitamin E. Such lipid blend is claimed to be useful for patients that suffer from surgery, multiple traumata, burns, infections, lung failure and chronic inflammatory diseases.
  • the product as disclosed does not comprise intact proteins or peptides and is not suitable for complete nutrition.
  • EP 0484266 discloses nutritional products that comprise DHA and EPA, from about 24 to about 82 mg phospholipids per litre product and a nucleotide mixture, which is claimed to be useful for nourishing infants and for the dietary management of hepatic cirrhosis and diarrhea.
  • EP 1426053 discloses the use of phospholipids, sphingomyelin, or galactolipid in the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for parenteral use in inhibiting tumor cell adhesion, inhibition of adhesion of metastasis cells and/or inhibition of tumor metastasis growth.
  • the proposed formulations are unsuitable for complete nutrition by enteral route. No indication is given in what way other food constituents may interfere with the claimed efficacy.
  • the invention relates to a lipid fraction, which comprises at least one of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), in combination with a uracil source, for the improvement of growth and development of the nervous system or lung tissue or the treatment of damaged nerve cells, in particular of an infant or child.
  • DHA docosahexaenoic acid
  • DPA docosapentaenoic acid
  • EPA eicosapentaenoic acid
  • the lipid and the uracil source may form (part of) a product which is suitable for the nourishment of infants or children.
  • the uracil source may be selected from uracil (free base); the nucleoside uridine; nucleotides such as UMP, UDP and UTP, including salts thereof; including combinations thereof.
  • the source comprises uridine and/or UMP.
  • the nucleotide salt may in particular be a sodium salt.
  • the invention relates to a lipid fraction comprising at least one of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and glycolipids (including sulfatides) for use as a nutritional, nutriceutical or pharmaceutical composition for the improvement of immune function, the modulation of interaction between host cells and antigens, allergens, chemokines, cytokines, other host cells and/or insulin or the modulation of the ratio of the number of Th1 and Th2 cells.
  • DHA docosahexaenoic acid
  • DPA docosapentaenoic acid
  • EPA eicosapentaenoic acid
  • glycolipids including sulfatides
  • the invention now also provides a nutraceutical or pharmaceutical composition
  • a nutraceutical or pharmaceutical composition comprising:
  • a lipid fraction comprising at least one of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA);
  • DHA docosahexaenoic acid
  • DPA docosapentaenoic acid
  • EPA eicosapentaenoic acid
  • a protein fraction comprising proteinaceous material from non-human origin which provide at least cysteine and/or taurine; and optionally
  • a mineral fraction comprising at least one of manganese and molybdenum.
  • Said composition preferably comprises from about 50 to about 120 kcal per 100 grams.
  • said composition further comprises a nucleotide fraction, selected from the group consisting of nucleobases like, cytosine, adenine, guanidine, thymidine, nucleosides (such as adenosine, cytidine and guanosine), and their phosphorylated forms (nucleotides), in particular the mono-phosphorylated forms, such as uridine monophosphate UMP), uridine diphosphate (UDP), uridine triphosphate (UTP).
  • nucleotide fraction selected from the group consisting of nucleobases like, cytosine, adenine, guanidine, thymidine, nucleosides (such as adenosine, cytidine and guanosine), and their phosphorylated forms (nucleotides), in particular the mono-phosphorylated forms, such as uridine monophosphate UMP), uridine diphosphate (UDP), uridine triphosphate (
  • the ratio of the uracil source (including free nucleobase, nucleoside (uridine), and nucleotides (such as UMP, UDP and UTP) to the sum of other sources for nucleobases (including free nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides) is relatively high, i.e. usually the uracil source or sources provides more than 25 mol %, in particular more than 36 mol %, preferably more than 42 mol %, in particular at least 50 mol % of the total nucleobase sources (including nucleosides and nucleotides).
  • the molar ratio [CMP+UMP] to [AMP+GMP+TMP+IMP] is more than 1.45, preferably more than 1.6, more preferably at least 1.8, in particular at least 2.0. In particular the ratio may be up to 200, more in particular up to 100.
  • the molar ratio UMP to [AMP+GMP+TMP+IMP] preferably is more than 0.36, in particular more than 0.42, more in particular at least 0.5, even more in particular at least 0.6.
  • the ratio usually is up to 200, in particular up to 100.
  • the UMP concentration may in particular be in the range of 0.1-0.42 mg per 100 kJ and/or the total amount of nucleotides may in particular be in the range of 0.1-1.2 mg/100 KJ.
  • UMP at a concentration of 0.42-10 mg/100 kJ, in particular 0.5-10 mg/100 kJ.
  • the total amount of nucleotides may in particular be 100 mg/100 kJ.
  • composition may further comprise a digestible carbohydrate fraction, preferably including a source of galactose and/or ribose.
  • the lipid fraction is from dairy origin, from eggs or from the endosperm of plant seeds or beans and it preferably comprises fat globules having a size of 0.001-10 ⁇ m.
  • composition according to the invention for improving the function of a mammalian cell, selected from the group of nerve cells, immune cells, stem cells, bone marrow cells and erythrocytes, for improving memory function in a mammal, for stimulating immune function in a mammal, for preventing obesity in a mammal, in autoimmune diseases and the like.
  • Also part of the invention is the use of said composition for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease, neuropathies, depressed immune function, allergy, anemia, obesitas, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, arrhythmias, heart failures, tumors, COPD, bronchitis, arthritis, hepatitis, chronic inflammation, dyslipidaemia and rheumatoid diseases.
  • dementia such as Alzheimer's disease, neuropathies, depressed immune function, allergy, anemia, obesitas, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, arrhythmias, heart failures, tumors, COPD, bronchitis, arthritis, hepatitis, chronic inflammation, dyslipidaemia and rheumatoid diseases.
  • FIG. 1 demonstrates the significant improvement of biosynthesis and transport of acetylcholine when feeding the product according the invention to a rat, which is injected with A ⁇ .
  • compositions also called nutraceutical compositions
  • pharmaceutical compositions can improve the functioning of living cells.
  • the products according the invention comprise a lipid fraction that comprises one or more of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA).
  • DHA docosahexaenoic acid
  • DPA docosapentaenoic acid
  • EPA eicosapentaenoic acid
  • the products may also comprise a uracil source.
  • the product may comprise one or more glycolipids, in particular for the improvement of immune function, the modulation of interaction between host cells and antigens, allergens, chemokines, cytokines, other host cells and/or insulin or the modulation of the ratio of the number of Th1 and Th2 cells.
  • the product according the invention further comprises a protein fraction, the latter providing cysteine and/or taurine equivalents and optionally a mineral fraction that comprises manganese and/or molybdenum.
  • a digestible carbohydrate fraction and/or a nucleotide source are beneficially included.
  • the lipid fraction preferably provides more than 30% of the energy that is provided by the digestible components in the formula using as calculation factors 9 kcal per g lipid, 4 kcal per gram protein or gram digestible carbohydrate and zero kcal for the other components in the product.
  • the product comprises a lipid content of 32-80, more preferably 33-60 and still more preferably 36-50 percent of the total energy contents.
  • the amount of lipid fraction can be determined by applying the methods known in the art for measuring fat content in the food matrix as applicable.
  • fat content for general foods is determined by applying AOAC® official method 983.23, while the Roese-Gott Kunststoff method (AOAC® 932.06) is better applicable for products based on dried milk (Lehner, R., Estoppey, A., (1954) Mitt. Strukturuntersuchung Hyg. 54:183-185), and again other methods are used for measuring lipids content in infant formulae or clinical nutrition.
  • the lipid fraction may include triglycerides, diacyl glycerides, monoacyl-glycerides, phospholipids, lysolecithins, glycolipids, sterols and other lipid-soluble components.
  • the lipid fraction (and not the carbohydrate fraction) is defined to include sulfatides, cerebrosides, ceramides, sphingolipids, sphingomyelin, gangliosides and glycolipids like the globosides, hematosides and lactosylceramides.
  • Specific analytical methods to measure the amounts of these components in a food matrix are known in the art. These amounts should therefore be added to the amounts as measured by the other methods for determining total fat, as far as they are not included in those measurements.
  • the polar components of the composition appear to have emulgating properties which might interfere with the emulgating systems which are conventionally used in the manufacture of homogeneous liquid formulae, which further comprise the protein, digestible carbohydrate and optionally the mineral fractions in amounts according the invention.
  • the liquid forms of the products that are suitable for complete enteral nutrition remain homogeneous.
  • the total lipid fraction comprises long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (having a chain length of at least 18 and abbreviated as LCP) of the omega 3 series ( ⁇ -3), and in particular one or more of DHA, EPA and DPA.
  • LCP long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids
  • ⁇ -3 omega 3 series
  • the concentration of the sum of EPA, DHA and DPA in a liquid product is minimally 0.2 mg to maximally 15 mg per ml, and preferably 0.3-12, more preferably 0.4-11 mg/ml.
  • the amount of w3 LCP usually should be more than 30 mg per serving, thus providing a dose of 30-1000 mg of these fatty acids per day.
  • composition of the invention comprises per 100 g:
  • the lipid fraction comprises a relatively low amount of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega 6 series compared to the amount of other components of the lipid fraction.
  • the ratio ⁇ -3/ ⁇ -6 will be in the range 0.3-5, preferably 0.4-4, more preferably 0.5-2.
  • the amount of ⁇ -6 LCP's will be less than 50, preferably 5-40, more preferably 8-30 wt %, most preferably 8-20 wt % and in particular 8-15 wt % of the fatty acids in the formula.
  • saturated fatty acids are included. These include those fatty acids having a chain length of 8 to 24 carbon atoms. Preferably these fatty acids include those having 10, 12, 14 and 16 carbon atoms.
  • the amount of saturated fatty acids, if present, usually should be 6-60, preferably 10-40, more preferably 12-36% by weight of the lipid phase. In particular the amount of C14:0+C16:0 usually should be 6-60, preferably 10-40, more preferably 12-36 wt % of the lipid phase.
  • Medium chain triglycerides can origin from so called MCT oil, or origin from coconut oils or other suitable sources. The amount of MCT's usually should be 1-60, preferably 3-40 wt % of the lipid fraction.
  • Myristic and palmitic acid can be included as acids, salts thereof, and esters with alkyl groups or acyl groups as in glycerides, or as other suitable forms.
  • they are included as triglycerides, such as those that occur in palm kernel oil or in structured triglycerides with one additional ⁇ -3 LCP or as diacyl or monoacyl glycerides.
  • the monoacyl and diacyl glycerides that comprise the saturated fatty acids are preferred, because they appear to provide technological advantages, compared to the triglycerides forms, when higher amounts of lipids are included.
  • Oleic acid (C18:1) is preferably present in the lipid phase. It should be present in a content of 5-40 wt % of the fatty acids, preferably 6-35, more preferably 8-34 wt %. The amount in a liquid formula will be in the range of 0.1-2, preferably 0.15-1.2, more preferably 0.2-1.0 g per 100 ml liquid product.
  • an important part of the lipid fraction will comprise complex lipids like glycolipids, like sphingolipids such as sphingosines (e.g. sphingomyelin), acid sphingoglycolipids, such as sulfatides and gangliosides, and globosides.
  • sphingolipids such as sphingosines (e.g. sphingomyelin), acid sphingoglycolipids, such as sulfatides and gangliosides, and globosides.
  • the amount of material other than triglycerides and phospholipids is preferably more than 0.01 wt %, preferably 0.015-1 wt %, more preferably 0.02-0.5 wt %.
  • the amount of sphingomyelin should be more than 130 micromolar, preferably 135-3000, more preferably 140-2000 micromolar and the amount of acid sphingoglycolipids should be more than 0.003, preferably 0.005-0.5, more preferably 0.008-0.4 wt % for best results.
  • the amount of gangliosides should be more than 7, preferably 8-80, more preferably 9-40, in particular 9-25 mg/l liquid product. Preferred gangliosides are GD3 and GM3.
  • fractions can be isolated from microorganisms like yeasts, bacteria, and in fungi, algae plants and animal material, like egg, nerve tissue, fibroblasts, and milk. It is preferred to use food grade ingredients. In particular it is preferred to use fractions from milk, such as extracts that comprise high levels of fat globules. These can be obtained from the manufacture of buttermilk and in particular in the whey that remains after manufacturing cheese from buttermilk. Suitable products that are commercially available include “buttermilk powder” and “butter serum.”
  • Milk whey comprises a relatively high amount of small fat globules, especially when macroproteins such as B-lactoglobulin have been removed.
  • concentration of small fat globules can be increased by applying filtration techniques on skimmed products, which concentrate the lipid layer on one side of the membrane and remove molecules like salts and lactose. This product is called “whey microfiltrate retentate.” Fractions that are enriched with acidic sphingoglycolipids can also be isolated by applying chromatographic methods known in the art such as ion exchange.
  • Milks from many mammals are suitable for isolation of the active components, however, milk from mares, sheep, goat and camels are particularly suited. It is most preferred to use a lipid extract isolated from sheep milk.
  • the amount of lipids from sheep milk should be more than 5 wt %, preferably 8-60 wt %, more preferably 10-40 wt % of the lipid fraction.
  • the fractions from egg, soy, colostrum, bone marrow, brain, milk and in particular buttermilk which are rich in fat globules, and in particular the membranes of these fat globules are of particular interest for inclusion in the products according the invention.
  • These are concentrated in the complex glycolipids, which also comprise relatively high concentrations of carbohydrates other than glucose and fructose.
  • Such fractions can be isolated by defattening the raw ingredients by methods known in the art, e.g. by hexane extraction or centrifugation. Additional methods should be applied to either the residual lipid- or aqueous fractions to isolate the more polar lipid fraction present as fat globule membranes. Suitable methods include selected removal of compounds of molecular weight below 300 such as minerals and lactose or removal of selected proteins, e.g. by using filtration, absorption, chromatography, osmosis techniques or precipitation.
  • fat globules of smaller size in particular those having a diameter less than 4.0 um, preferably less than 3.0 um, more preferably 0.001-2.0, most preferably 0.01-1.8 ⁇ m comprise the components of interest.
  • the lipid fraction from the milk should therefore preferably comprise more than 1%, more preferably 1.2-20 and most preferably 1.3-16 wt % phospholipids.
  • the lipid fraction should preferably comprise 0.1-20%, more preferably 0.2-10 and most preferably 0.6-8 wt % glycoproteins and glycolipids, and preferably 0.2-10, more preferably 0.3-9, most preferably 0.35-8 wt % cholesterol or cholesteryl esters.
  • the lipid fraction that is isolated from milk comprises the increased amounts of at least two of phospholipids, glycoproteins, glycolipids and cholesterol and more preferably all components in amounts higher than in milk fat.
  • the lipid composition in the final product preferably comprises 1-80, more preferably 2-50, most preferably 3-40 wt % of the milk fraction enriched in components other than triglycerides and in particular comprising 50% more glycolipids and/or glycoproteins originating from smaller fat globule membranes of milk compared to the amount in the lipid fraction of the natural material.
  • Suitable methods for isolating fractions, which are enriched in fat globules, from dairy products can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,824,809, which is hereby incorporated by referencing. Also U.S. Pat. No. 6,391,362 discloses a suitable way to isolate a fat globule fraction from the lipid fraction of milk or cream. However, it is preferred to isolate the smaller sized fat globules therefrom, e.g. by applying micro filtration to the second aqueous phase. It is preferred not to phosphorylate the original components of the fat globule.
  • An additionally preferred method for isolating suitable smaller fat globules from milk is microfiltrating the aqueous phase that results after butter, cottage cheese, or quark manufacture.
  • milk of sheep, goats and camels are suitable sources for isolating the fat globule fractions according to the invention, even though the constituents of their fat globules differ to a large extent from those in the fat globule of human milk.
  • the fat globule fractions which have been isolated according the methods as described, appear to be free from potentially interfering substances like prions, pathogens or viruses.
  • the fat globules or fractions thereof, that origin from the ingredients are highly effective, they will not necessarily remain intact during the preparation or shelf life of the final product according the invention.
  • the application of a homogenization step during processing, and the inclusion of the ingredients, which cause effectiveness of the final product, such as the protein fraction or other lipid components, interacts with the original fat globules that are present in the ingredients. Therefore typically the size of the fat globules in the product will increase and more than 50% of the lipid fraction will be provided as fat globules larger than 2 micron and in non-liposome form. More than 90% of the volume fraction of the lipids will be present in globules having a diameter larger than 0.025 um.
  • the lipid fraction of the final product comprises per 100 ml liquid product preferably more than 0.56 g long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, more preferably 0.57-3.1, most preferably 0.57-2.8 and in particular 0.57-1.4 gram.
  • malnourished persons it is advantageous to include 0.1-10 g, preferably 0.2-5 g cholesterol sources per daily dose.
  • Suitable sources of cholesterol include cholesterol, salts and esters thereof.
  • Such malnourished patients may be hospital patients, patients that suffer from protein-energy malnourishment and the elderly. Not included in this group are those malnourished persons that applied bad feeding practices for longer periods, which means in particular that for several months relatively large amounts of trans fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, in particular of vegetable oils, which had become oxidized, were consumed.
  • the mineral fraction comprises at least manganese or molybdenum, optionally magnesium and zinc can be added.
  • manganese and molybdenum are both included and more preferably also magnesium is included in effective amounts.
  • Inclusion of manganese in a diet appears important for improving membrane function of cells, in particular the membrane function of nerve cells.
  • those persons that are malnourished or have an inherited or metabolic disorder have imparted metabolic capacity for producing sphingomyelin and/or related compounds like sulfatides and glycosylated ceramides.
  • sphingomyelin and/or related compounds like sulfatides and glycosylated ceramides.
  • SLE systemic lupus erythomatosus
  • the amount of manganese administered/consumed per day should be more than 7 mg preferably 9-300 mg for a person weighing 80 kg.
  • molybdenum is required to allow proper functioning of the cofactors, which appear important for creating a proper composition of the membranes, e.g. their sulfatide content, and in particular guarantees a proper functioning of nerve cells. Further, inclusion of a proper amount of molybdenum delays brain shrinkage in part of the elderly during aging. Molybdenum is also required to create a proper barrier function, e.g. of the gut, during maturation and growth or during inflammatory bowel disease and/or food allergy.
  • a proper amount of molybdenum means an amount of more than 2 ⁇ g per kg body weight per day, in particular 3-40, more preferably 3.6-32 ⁇ g/kgbw ⁇ d. This will typically result in a concentration of 2.0-40 ug/100 kcal [or 0.48-9.5 ug/100 kJ], preferably 2.6-30 ⁇ g/100 kcal [or 0.62-7.1 ug/100 kJ] for infant formulae, and in 15-400, preferably 18-100, more preferably 24-40 ⁇ g/100 kcal [equals respectively 3.6-95, preferably 4.3-23.8, more preferably 5.7-5.7 microgram per 100 kJ] for products for adults
  • the amount of magnesium that is consumed per day should be 400-1000 mg, preferably 480-800 mg for a person weighing 80 kg. When a complete nutrition is designed this results in a concentration of 7.5-40 mg, preferably 9-30 mg per 100 kcal, which equals 1.8-9.5, preferably 2.1-7.1 mg/100 kJ. Magnesium appears important to allow sufficient biosynthesis of glycolipids.
  • Additional zinc can be included for several purposes, e.g. in order to normalize copper homeostasis. For this it should be provided in a ratio of 8-40, preferably 10-30 fold excess to copper. Normalization of copper homeostasis is important to increase the degree of saturation of ceruloplasmin with copper and to prevent excess oxidation of membrane fractions, including APP or parts thereof.
  • Suitable sources of these minerals include their salts with organic or inorganic anions like sulphate, carbonate, bicarbonate, hydroxide, chloride and citrate. Oxides of manganese and molybdenum should not be used, especially not in infant formulae. Preferably some sulphate forms are used, in such a way that sulphate provides 1-400, preferably 2-250, more preferably 3-125-mg/100 g product. Molybdenum is suitably included as molybdate salt
  • the amount of calcium to manganese in the product should therefore be 1-235:1, preferably 5-205:1, more preferably 10-100:1.
  • the protein fraction that is included in the product must be digestible for more than 80 wt % and preferably 90-100%.
  • the protein fraction comprises intact proteins, peptides as may be obtained by hydrolyses of intact proteins and by syntheses, derivatives of peptides comprising more than 80% by weight amino acids, the (naturally occurring) amino acids itself, and taurine, as well as derivatives of said amino acids and taurine, like salts, N-acylated or N-acetylated forms as well as esters.
  • Betaine, dimethylglycine, sarcosine, nucleosides material and choline also comprise nitrogen, but will not be calculated as being protein.
  • the protein is due to provide available cysteine and/or taurine equivalents. All proteins that typically are used in food manufacture provide cysteine. If considering dairy as a source of protein, it should be realized that casein is a relatively poor source of cysteine. It is therefore advantageous to use at least partially a whey protein, and in particular alpha-lactalbumin or whey proteins that are enriched in alpha-lactalbumin, in order to increase cysteine levels in the product.
  • the amount of beta lactoglobulin is preferably relatively low compared to that of alpha lactalbumin in relation to the ratio as observed in natural milk.
  • CGMP casein glyco macropeptide
  • the protein comprises a histidine concentration of 2.5, preferably 3.0-6, more preferably 3.3-6 g per 100 g protein. This means that when whey proteins are used to a substantial degree free histidine needs to be included.
  • the amount of taurine should be more than 0.1 g, preferably 0.2-4, more preferably 0.4-3 g per daily dose. Typically this dose results in concentrations in liquid products of more than 5 mg, preferably 7-100, more preferably 9-60 mg per 100 g product. Also taurine salts are suitable ingredients.
  • compositions of the inventions preferably comprise other fractions, such as a carbohydrate fraction and/or a nucleotide fraction. Further, also inclusion of a vitamin fraction and/or a methyl donor fraction is preferred.
  • the carbohydrate fraction comprises a digestible carbohydrate fraction, which preferably includes a source of galactose and/or ribose.
  • a source of galactose and/or ribose In order to provide sufficient energy in a carbohydrate blend that has a low glycemic index the amount of these available and digestible non-glucose sugars must be less than 50, preferably 10-40 wt % of the amount of glucose that is available to the consumer.
  • Suitable sources of galactose or ribose are disaccharides like lactose or food grade qualities of the synthetic monosaccharides.
  • the ribose from nucleotides contributes to the physiological effect of the product, it is not calculated to contribute to the total ribose content in the document, due to the relatively low doses of nucleotides in the product.
  • the digestible carbohydrate fraction beneficially comprises glycosamines, like mannosamine and galactosamine or N-acylated forms thereof, for example N-acetylated forms, in an amount of 0.1-10, preferably 0.2-6 wt % of the digestible carbohydrate fraction.
  • Part of the carbohydrates in particular 2-50 wt % can beneficially be uronic acids as have been described in application EP 5103247.2.
  • Part of the oligosaccharides which have been disclosed in WO 2005/027663 is also effective for the uses as mentioned below, in particular when used with the claimed protein- and mineral fraction.
  • the carbohydrate fraction preferably also comprises a source of inositol.
  • Myo-inositol is the preferred form, though up to 50% is allowed to origin from phosphorylated forms such as phytic acid equivalents such as phytates.
  • Phosphatidylinositol also appears to be a suitable alternative.
  • the amount of inositol equivalents that should be administered to a person weighing 80 kg per day is 0-1500, preferably 320-1200, more preferably 380-1100 and most preferably 420-1000 mg. When calculating the desired daily dose for infants weighing 4 kg this results in 21-50 mg.
  • nucleotide sources are those ingredients that after consumption result in a raise in tissue levels of xanthine, nucleotides, nucleosides and/or nucleobases in vivo.
  • Suitable ingredients include the nucleobases like uridine, cytidine, adenine, guanidine, thymidine, their phosphorylated forms, in particular the mono-phosphorylated forms such as uridinemonophosphate, but also adenosine and guanosine, nucleosides and nucleotides.
  • beneficial effects can be observed by administering a single nucleotide source, in particular uridinemonophosphate (UMP), to the components of the claimed composition, about equally good effects, without risk of undesired side effects, can be obtained by using mixtures of nucleotides, nucleosides or nucleobases. Such mixtures are preferentially extracted from yeasts or animal tissues.
  • UMP uridinemonophosphate
  • the amount per daily dose for a person weighing 80 kg must be 0.08-3 g, preferably 0.1-2, more preferably 0.15-0.9 g.
  • the required dosages of the equivalents on weight base can be calculated from the dose of UMP by taking equimolar amounts of the nucleobases and correcting for molecular weight, using the molecular weight of UMP, which is about 324 Dalton.
  • Uridine derivatives like UDP which is readily formed from dietetic UMP, appears important for transport of glycoproteins and glycolipids within the cell and availability thereof in the cytosol and plasma membrane.
  • the vitamin fraction should preferably comprise vitamin B6 in a food grade form, which is able to increase the levels of pyridoxal phosphate in vivo in liver and/or brain.
  • Effective doses are 2 mg-50 preferably 2.4-40 mg, more preferably 8-25 mg vitamin B6 for such a person.
  • the optimal dose for a person having a different body weight can be calculated by taking the proportional part. For example for a baby weighing 3 kg the optimal dose is 37-1875 ug.
  • vitamin B6 Preferred forms of vitamin B6 are pyridoxamine, pyridoxal, 3-acylated pyridoxal analogues or salts thereof as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,586,414, U.S. Pat. No. 6,548,519 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,339,085., which are included by reference.
  • the vitamin fraction further can comprise biotin, folate and vitamin B12.
  • Biotin should be included in an amount of more than 1.5 ⁇ g/kgbw ⁇ d and preferably 4-50, more preferably 5-40 ⁇ g/kgbw ⁇ d. This typically results in concentrations of biotin in the product of more than 6, preferably 7-60, more preferably 8-40 ⁇ g/100 kcal for adults and >3, preferably 4-50, more preferably 4.6-30 ⁇ g/100 kcal for infants. Suitable sources of biotin are known in the art.
  • Folates include folic acid, folinic acid, methylated, methenylated and formylated forms of folates, their salts or esters, as well as their derivatives with one or more glutamic acid, and all in either reduced or oxidized form.
  • amount of folic acid the amount should be at least 300, preferably 420-2000 ⁇ g, more preferably 520-1500 ⁇ g/daily dose for an adult weighing 80 kg.
  • the recommended amount of folate per kg body weight is somewhat higher than for adults. It should be >10 ⁇ g folic acid per kgbw ⁇ d and preferably 30-140, more preferably 45-120 ⁇ g/kgbw ⁇ d.
  • a preferred embodiment of the formula comprises vitamin B12.
  • the vitamin B12 is not cyanocobalamine, but instead a member selected from hydroxy- or methyl cobalamins or one of the thiolatocobalamines as disclosed in WO 02/087593 or the extracts as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,187,761.
  • the other vitamins, such as vitamin A, D, E, K, C, B1, B2, B3 and pantothenic acid and minerals and trace elements, such as Na, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Se, I, F comply with general recommendations for nutritional requirements, especially in infant formulae.
  • a methyl donor is preferably included in the products according the invention.
  • a methyl donor is capable of generating at least one methyl group when absorbed in the body of a mammal.
  • suitable methyl donors include betaine, choline, serine, dimethylglycine and sarcosine. It is preferred to select betaine or dimethylglycine for effective results.
  • the advantages of including additional methyl donors in the product become in particular apparent when the protein source comprises more than 20 wt % protein of vegetable origin, such as proteins from cereals like wheat, oats, rice, corn or soy, or seeds/tubers like peas, lupine, potato, or beans.
  • the effective dose in such products is more than 0.18 mmol per kg body weight per daily dose, preferably 0.19-2, more preferably 0.2-1.2 millimol per kgbw ⁇ d.
  • the weight of a human body is set at 70 kg, this would mean that choline (or dimethylglycine, because having about the same molecular weight) should be present in a liquid composition with more than 1.3 g per 2 liter product.
  • a liquid supplement for use by an adult consumer in an amount of 400 ml per day would comprise 1.3 g per 400 ml.
  • the choline resulting from phospholipids is not calculated to contribute to this amount of methyl donor.
  • the fortification with one or more methyl donors is especially advantageous if the amount of methyl acceptor remains low in the product in comparison with the amount of methyl donor.
  • statins can be beneficially included in those products that are used by patients suffering from dyslipidemias and in particular hypercholesterolaemia. Admixture would be useful for periods shorter than 2 weeks in those cases that a rapid decrease of plasma cholesterol levels is envisaged.
  • the compounds may increase the efficacy of the compositions of the invention during this period.
  • a disadvantage on the longer term of including compounds like simvastatin, lovastatin, rosuvastatin, pravastatin, fluvastatin and atorvastatin is their capability to inhibit potently the action of hydroxymethyl glutaryl-CoA reductase when administered in relatively small amounts.
  • the product should comprise one or more of the group of ubiquinons, ubiquinols, menaquinons, coenzyme Q10, dolichol, dolichol esters, dolichol ethers, synthetic poly-isoprenoids having more than 8 isoprenoid units, such isoprenoids with one or more a carboxylic acid groups, hydroxy groups having retinoids, lycopene, and sterols in amounts to counteract the disadvantages of administering statins.
  • dolichol or its analogues are included, wherein the dolichol analogues are substantially apolar for at least 80% of the molecule.
  • the products even appear advantageous if used without the protein and mineral fraction of the product in claim 1 under the condition that the above-mentioned components are included in an amount of at least 20 mg dolichol analogues, at least 4 mg retinoids, at least 4 mg ubiquinons, ubiquinols, menaquinols or menaquinons, and at least 0.02 mg sterols per daily dose.
  • Suitable sterols are in particular natural sterols as occur in mammalian organisms.
  • the products according to the invention normalize membrane function of nerve cells, especially when these membranes are deformed and/or have a wrong composition. Though one may speculate about the cause of these defects, it seems that a dysfunction of one or more membrane-bound enzymes, e.g. an upregulation of sphingomyelinase, which decreases sphingomyelin content and increases ceramides levels, seems to be important to this pathology. Also exposure to high amounts of stressors, a genetic disposition and/or chronic malnourishment may contribute to more rapid development of imparted nerve functioning.
  • Nerve cells having deformed membranes will result in e.g. impairment of cognitive function, sensory awareness and insufficient capability to control the motoric system (muscles). Nerve cells that possess deformed membranes will start to synthesize increased amounts of A ⁇ (Abeta) proteins, which induce amyloid deposits, forming plaques and/or neurofibrillary tangles.
  • a ⁇ Abeta
  • the deformed membrane will also start to become a host for several lipophilic compounds like several peptides that are soluble in this matrix such as the dimers of A ⁇ , in particular of A ⁇ 42, which may result in release of apoptosis signals and death of nerve cells.
  • Neuropathy is partially caused under conditions wherein an organism and in particular the neural tissue is exposed for a longer period of time to increased levels of reducing equivalents, in particular of hydrogenated nicotinamide dinucleotide (NADH).
  • NADH hydrogenated nicotinamide dinucleotide
  • Such levels are increased in e.g. persons suffering from insulin resistance, like diabetics, persons that suffer from ischaemia (e.g. after surgery or after been subjected to other physiological trauma which imparts blood flow to tissues) or persons that abuse ethanol.
  • compositions according to the invention are effective in both types. Central insulin resistance may result in pathologies as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases. Peripheral neuropathy may impart motoric and sensoric functions and/or result in pains as explained below. Such neuropathies may also include neural function in specific organs like the liver. Without wanting to be bound by theory it may be important that the compositions according the invention decrease cytosolic sialidase activity and increase the rate of biosynthesis of essential constituents of nerve cells including sulfatides and gangliosides.
  • Neuropathy as caused by antibody attack also appears to be decreased. Without wanting to be bound by theory it seems important that the improvement of the function of Schwann-type cells, in particular in terms of repairing damaged myelin and cellular debris, contributes to this effect, as does the improvement of the integrity of blood-nerve barrier and decrease of the activation state of glial cells in the spinal chord in such types of diseased persons.
  • compositions according the invention appeared to improve interaction between nerve cells, which effect had major consequences for many reactions of the body to outside triggers. For example proper notification and handling of sensory triggers and adequate definition of motoric functions as a reaction to these triggers was improved. Interaction is essential to the thought process and awareness of emotions, including feelings of fear and pain (including threshold function).
  • These cells include the activity of cells that produce mucus (Goblet cells) and the glycocalyx, the antigen presenting cells, Paneth cells and Peyer's patches, and lymphocytes as locally present in the lamina intestinal, which are all strongly influenced by their membrane composition and function.
  • the improvement of the functioning of the central nervous system includes the functioning of the white matter, and results in better thinking capabilities, enhanced emotional feelings, communication skills and memory function.
  • neurotransmitter release and receptor function notably G-protein receptors
  • composition of the membranes of nerve cells is improved, and in particular their content of polar lipid-like components like sulfatides, ceramides, sphingolipids, glycoproteins and glycolipids in relation to the total mass of the membrane and/or in relation to the amount of non-polar components.
  • non-polar compounds are cholesterol and dimeric peptides, in particular the amount of homo-dimeric non-polar peptides of larger membrane proteins like the amyloid precursor protein, more in particular the dimeric form of the A ⁇ -42 fragment.
  • acetylcholine biosynthesis and transport are improved by administering the composition according the invention.
  • the function of membrane-bound choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) was improved as well as its transport over the vesicle membrane into the synaptic cleft.
  • Acetylcholine release is an essential part of brain function, which includes cognitive function and also of the activity of the parasympathetic nerve system, in particular the nervus vagus. This part of the nervous system regulates gastrointestinal behavior and for example heart rhythm. Improvement of heart arrhythmias, gut motility and gut-mediated systemic immune reaction is obtained by administering the composition according to the invention.
  • compositions according the invention are also useful in repair of damaged nerve tissue.
  • Nerve lesions can occur after trauma, for example surgery or spinal chord injury, but also in brain after chronic exposure to high diastolic blood pressure.
  • compositions according to the invention are also useful in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
  • the demyelination process is slowed down as well as the creation of demyelinated plaques in the brain.
  • the compositions according to the invention decrease the rate of deterioration of the substantia nigra cells.
  • the amount of amyloid plaques as well as the amount of alpha-synuclein and Lewy bodies in brain will decrease in PD patients, but also in patients suffering from specific forms of dementias, e.g. Lewy body dementia, or suffering from multiple system atrophy (MSA) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
  • MSA multiple system atrophy
  • ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  • Such precipitation of excess amounts of proteins in the brain, in particular in neurons and glial cells, such as the occurrence of polyglutamate expansions during Huntington's disease, and tau-protein in various forms of dementia, palsy and corticobasal degeneration, can be conveniently counteracted by intervention with the compositions according the invention.
  • Change of the intracellular membranes, e.g. those of the Golgi apparatus and/or endoplasmatic reticulum, and a consequent different modification of the proteins may also play a role in establishing this effect.
  • a protein fraction comprising all essential amino acids and having a relatively high aspartate to glutamate ratio, in particular above 0.42, preferably 0.44-0.8, more preferably 0.45-0.6 or a vitamin fraction, which comprises at least riboflavin equivalents, vitamin B6 and/or biotin or preferably all three vitamins.
  • a protein fraction comprising all essential amino acids and having a relatively high aspartate to glutamate ratio, in particular above 0.42, preferably 0.44-0.8, more preferably 0.45-0.6 or a vitamin fraction, which comprises at least riboflavin equivalents, vitamin B6 and/or biotin or preferably all three vitamins.
  • a vitamin fraction which comprises at least riboflavin equivalents, vitamin B6 and/or biotin or preferably all three vitamins.
  • examples of such protein fractions include alpha-lactalbumin or protein blends to which aspartic acid has been added.
  • composition is administered to subjects suffering from diabetes, it is further beneficial to administer the composition as adjuvant to metformin and to refrain from co-administration with drugs, which are known to decrease insulin sensitivity.
  • drugs which are known to decrease insulin sensitivity.
  • a fiber or fiber-like material that comprises resistant starch for more than 20 wt % of the fiber blend in the composition.
  • a fiber-like material such as slowly digestible starch, galacto oligosaccharides, cellulose or fructo oligofructose/oligofructose, is advantageous for these groups a content of about 30 wt % or more starch is advisable.
  • compositions according to the invention further regulate maturation of the eye and brain during fetal development.
  • the compositions according the invention are therefore useful for administration to pregnant women, for allowing the development of good visual and brain functions in babies, including cognitive and mental capabilities.
  • Improved communication between nervous cells appears to be important in combating epileptic convulsions, and reducing the frequency and intensity of schizophrenia, in decreasing the rate of attacks in subjects suffering from Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, in reducing ADHD and autistic behavior and in improving sleep behavior.
  • the compositions according to the invention should be included in a ketogenic diet.
  • the caloric value of the nutritional product according the invention must be more than 40% of the caloric value of the protein, lipid and digestible carbohydrate fraction in the product. Preferably this amount is more than 46, more preferably more than 50%.
  • the lipid fraction must meet the criteria as mentioned above.
  • the amount of ⁇ -6 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids should be relatively low and the amount of saturated fatty acids relatively high.
  • the active components as present in the compositions according to the invention also appear to be essential for proper maturation of the gut and proper development of its barrier, immune and transport function. This effect becomes evident from the reduced sensitivity to intestinal infections, a reduced rate of diarrhea and bacterial overgrowth, and less sensitivity to food-born allergens of subjects that have obtained such condition of the gut.
  • the products according to the invention improve membrane function of epithelial cells, of receptors like the CD1d receptor and that they increase the proper action of dendritic cells.
  • This proper action includes the release of chemokines and cytokines, which recruit the right type of lymphocytes, provide a proper “Th1/Th2” response and direct a proper migration of these cells to the lymph nodes. These effects decrease the rate of pathogen translocation and pathogen recognition.
  • the recruitment of the right types of T-cells helps to combat undesired cells like allergens, pathogens and mutated cells and defines a proper response, e.g. an allergic reaction for the organism. Due to the modified composition of the plasma membrane of e.g.
  • composition of mucin produced by epithelial cells will improve, in particular with regard to the amount of sulphated and sialylated components.
  • compositions according to the invention should comprise a source of cholesterol.
  • the amount must be in the range of 2-100, preferably 6-60, most preferably 9-40 mg per 100 g.
  • Suitable sources are free cholesterol or cholesteryl esters, in particular with oleic acid, or a mixture thereof, preferably in a ratio of free to esterified cholesterol from 4-10:1.
  • compositions according the invention facilitate lung development and proper repair of lung tissue, e.g. after burns, exposure to toxicants, emphysema, and chronic physical exposure like chronic coughing and during inflammation and related lung infections and as results from pulmonary obstructive diseases like COPD and bronchitis.
  • Lung tissue comprises large amounts of specific surfactant molecules, whose rate of biosynthesis is increased by the compositions according to the invention.
  • the compositions are particularly useful for pregnant women for improving foetal lung development, for infants having small gestational age, and in particular those that are sensitive to the respiratory distress syndrome. Problems with lung development can be identified by analyzing at a proper moment, e.g. after 6 months gestation, the composition of the amniotic fluid and in particular the amount of sphingomyelin in relation to that of other lipid components.
  • the lipid fraction When provided to patients for improving lung function the lipid fraction should comprise a relatively high amount of palmitic acid (C16:0), in particular more than 10 wt % of the fatty acids of the total lipid fraction, and more in particular 10.5-18-wt %. Palmitic acid should preferably have for more than 15% the sn2 position in the triglycerides fraction.
  • Efficacy of the formulations according to the invention in the treatment of COPD can be established by measuring parameters indicative of respiratory capacity, e.g. FEV 1.0, and/or measuring the expression of different types of muscarinic receptors and chemokines secretion by sputum cells, like disclosed in Profita M., et al. ( Allergy, 2005, 60:1361-1369)
  • compositions according the invention improve recognition of undesired cells in the body such as mutated or tumor cells and change the pattern of cytokine production by macrophages that were stimulated by antigens. They therefore reduce the risk of developing tumors and decrease the rate of recurrence of tumors after resection or destruction by other means, such as radio- or chemotherapy, and decrease the rate of metastasis formation.
  • compositions and constitution of the cell membranes appears to influence transport of reducing equivalents within the cell, for example in the development of sensitivity to insulin.
  • the compositions according the invention therefore diminish the tendency to develop obesity during childhood but also during adult life.
  • compositions appear to decrease the amount of circulating C reactive protein (CRP) and to decrease the release of CRP by the adipose tissue. Endogenous synthesis of resistin by adipose tissue is increased. In this way the incidence of cardiovascular disease in persons suffering from the metabolic syndrome, and in particular the development of arteriosclerosis and high blood pressure in obese persons, is decreased.
  • CRP C reactive protein
  • Endocrine function of specific organs and organelles which include the function of pancreas, hypothalamus and the Golgi and ER organelles in liver and vesicle biosynthesis in and release of endocrine messengers from nerve cells, is improved.
  • the compositions according to the invention are claimed to support release of insulin by the pancreas, secretion of digestive enzymes in cystic fibrosis patients, appropriate reaction of hypophyse to signals that arrive at or are produced by other parts of the body, and immune function, especially the clearing function of Kupffer cells as well as the biosynthetic role of organs that produce acute phase proteins.
  • compositions can be beneficially used in combination with several types of drugs for the purposes as mentioned above.
  • the use of the product in combination with large planar molecules like statins has been discussed above, in particular in relation to the treatment of cognitive impairment in the elderly, which suffer from dyslipidaemia.
  • a relatively large part of these patients have a relatively high amount of plaques and tangles.
  • compositions of the invention can also be advantageously used in combination with phosphodiesterase inhibitors, when aiming improvement of cognitive function, in particular when the drugs are used for periods shorter than about one month and when the dose of the inhibitors in this period is less than 10 mg, preferably less than 2 mg per day for an adult.
  • the products according the invention are also advantageously used in combination with, or as adjuvant to vaccine therapy of amyloid formation.
  • the rapid decrease in the amount of amyloid in brain is supported by biosynthesis of better membranes which thus prevents the deleterious effects of residual excess amyloid.
  • compositions typically it requires at least several days before the effectivity of the compositions manifests itself.
  • Optimal results are obtained by applying administration regimens in humans, which achieve a daily use of the product for longer than 1 week, in particular longer than 2 weeks.
  • the administration protocol may include a loading phase wherein during the first week 2 or 3 daily dosages are administered. Thereafter the daily dosages which have been disclosed in this document have to be applied for optimal results.
  • a ⁇ plaques In Alzheimer patients one of the hallmarks is the presence of beta-amyloid (A ⁇ ) plaques. Formation of A ⁇ plaques causes a reduction in production capacity of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in learning and memory processes. The reduction in acetylcholine levels results in memory loss [Isacson, 2002 #766]. Injecting rats with a solution containing A ⁇ results in similar problems in learning and memory [Nakamura, 2001 #621]. This model is well accepted to test the effects of beneficial compounds on A ⁇ -induced memory loss. This experiment is addressing the effects of A ⁇ infusion on acetylcholine producing cells and the transporter for acetylcholine. Furthermore, a dietary composition is used to prevent these effects.
  • a ⁇ beta-amyloid
  • mice received either an infusion into the lateral ventricle with beta-amyloid or a saline solution. Five weeks prior to the infusions the rats were fed one of two diets, A or B. The four groups are summarized in table 1. Table lists the dietary composition of the two diets. Diet A serves as a control diet. Diet B is enriched in DHA, EPA and phospholipids to improve membrane quality. Furthermore, it is enriched in UMP and choline to stimulate membrane synthesis. And it is enriched in B-vitamins and folic acid to relieve homocysteine levels.
  • Table 3 (and FIG. 1 ) lists the effects of A ⁇ infusion and dietary intervention on production and transport potential of acetylcholine.
  • a ⁇ infusions in diet A fed rats resulted in a reduction of acetylcholine producing cells (ChAT) and in transport capabilities for acetylcholine (VAChT).
  • Feeding diet B completely restored production and transport capacity of acetylcholine to normal levels.
  • Powdered Anti-Allergic Infant Formulae which Provide after Fresh Reconstitution of 15.4 g Powder Per 100 ml Water
  • choline bitartrate In this example the determination of the amount of the additional components that are included, such as Na, K, Cl, Ca, P, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Cr, I, vit A, D, E, K, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, B11, biotine and C follows recommendations for infant formulae. Also myo-inositol was included.
  • Liquid ready-to-use product that comprises per 100 ml:
  • Protein 4.0 g (buttermilk whey/casein 20-80) Carbohydrates 12.4 (3 g lactose, maltodextrins, slowly digestible starch) Lipids 5.3 (1 g milk fat, 1 g marine oil, 0.6 g egg lipids, 2.7 g vegetable oil) Manganese 1 mg Molydenum 0.1 mg Betaine 100 mg Fibre 1.0 g (resistant starch, galactooligosaccharides 50/50) Na 0.1 g, K 0.2 g, Cl 0.13 g, Ca 0.8, P 0.8, Mg 50 mg, Fe 2.4 mg, Zn 2.4 mg, Cu 0.3 mg, F 0.15, Se 8.6 ug, Cr 10 ug, 120 ug, vit A 0.12 mg RE, D 1.1 ug, E 1.6 mg TE, K 8 ug, B1 0.23 mg, B2 0.24 mg, B3 2.7 mg NE, Pantothenic
  • Liquid ready to use composition based on full fat pasteurized milk from sheep or camels which comprises per 100 ml: 0.4 g algae oil, 0.4 g Betaine, 0.4 g ribose, and 0.2 g histidine and further Na 50 mg, K 160 mg, Cl 100, Ca 150 mg, P 120 mg, Mg 52 mg, Fe 3 mg, Zn 2.8 mg, Cu 0.4 mg, Mn 3 mg, F 0.2 mg, Mo 200 ug, Se 11 ug, Cr 13 ug, I 25 ⁇ g, vitamin A 188 ⁇ g RE, D 1.3 ⁇ g, E 2.3 mg a-TE,K 10 ⁇ g, B1 0.3 mg, B2 0.3 mg, B3 3.4 mg NE, pantothenic acid 2 mg, B6 (as pyridoxal) 0.6 mg, folic acid 100 ⁇ g, B12 0.7 ⁇ g, biotin 7.5 ⁇ g, and dimethylglycine 80 mg.
  • B6 as pyri
  • Liquid product that comprises per 100 ml Liquid product that comprises per 100 ml:
  • Lipids 4.0 g (3.6 g soy protein isolate, 0.2 g aspartate, 0.2 g histidine) Lipids 4.0 g (dolichol 0.2 g, phospholipids 1 g, milk globule membrane enriched fat fraction 0.6 g, marine oil 1.0 g, rapeseed oil 0.5 g, sunflower 0.7 g, corn oil 0.5 g) Carbohy- 12 g (lactose 2 g, maltodextrins 6 g, slowly digestible drates starch 2 g, 2 g sucrose) Manganese 1 mg Molydenum 0.1 mg Betaine 100 mg Fibre 1.0 g (resistant starch, galacto-oligosaccharides 50/50) Na 0.1 g, K 0.2 g, Cl 0.13 g, Ca 0.8, P 0.8, Mg 50 mg, Fe 2.4 mg, Zn 2.4 mg, Cu 0.3 mg, F 0.15, Se 8.6 ⁇ g, Cr 10
  • Protein 4.75 g (Pea protein, buttermilk whey) Lipids 3.78 g (fat fraction from sheep milk comprising 20% fat globules from small size 0.4 g, egg lipids 1 g, vegetable oils 1.98 g and 0.4 g marine oils) Carbohydrates 11.75 g Galactose 1.5 Palatinose 3.0 Slowly digestible starch 1.0 Fructose 0.2 Maltodextrins 3 Glucose 2 Isomalto oligosaccharides 1.05 Fibres 2.0 g Galacto oligosaccharides 1.0 Resistant starch 0.6 Cellulose 0.1 Fructo oligofructose/ 0.3 g oligofructose Baker's yeast 0.3 g Vitamins, minerals according to example 2

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Diabetes (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Obesity (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Neurosurgery (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Virology (AREA)
  • Cell Biology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)

Abstract

It has now been found that after administration to a diseased person or person that is at risk for developing such disease of a neutraceutical or pharmaceutical composition that comprises:
    • a) a lipid fraction comprising at least one of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA);
    • b) a protein fraction comprising proteinaceous material from non-human origin which provide at least cysteine and/or taurine; and
    • c) a mineral fraction comprising at least one of manganese and molybdene,
      the health of these persons improves. Membrane function of several types of mammalian cells improves, which allows efficient treatment of immune related disorders, such as allergy, autoimmune diseases, cancer, cognitive dysfunction and other diseases of the nervous system, neuropathies, such as diabetic neuropathies and neuropathic pains, neuronal damage during insulin resistance, and gut diseases and support of the development of gut and lung function during growth or recovery.

Description

    RELATED APPLICATIONS
  • This application is a continuation of PCT application no. PCT/NL2006/000660 designating the United States and filed Dec. 22, 2006; which claims the benefit of the filing date of European application no. EP 05077972.7, filed Dec. 23, 2005; each of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
    • FIELD
  • The invention relates to nutraceutical and pharmaceutical compositions, more in particular compositions that can improve membrane composition and functioning of cells and through this the general cell functioning.
    • BACKGROUND
  • Membranes in living cells are known to have many important functions. The plasma membrane serves as a barrier to extra-cellular components (e.g. chemical compounds, antigens and cells); membranes (intra cellular as well as the plasma membrane) regulate the transport of components from the exterior to the interior of cells or organelles and vice versa. Membranes form a matrix for many endogenous reactions, for example many enzyme controlled reactions that are important for the biosynthesis, metabolism or catabolism of compounds. Membranes are also important for recognition and modulation of signals from the outside world and therefore contribute to a proper response of the organism. Interaction with the outside world includes the interaction of host cells with foreign cells or parts thereof like antigens/allergens, interaction of host cells with signal molecules like insulin, chemokines, cytokines and hormones and interaction of host cells with each other, such as the interactions between nerve cells, in particular those within the central nerve system (brain and in the spinal chord).
  • In the art many papers reveal particular aspects of the way living cells interact with extra-cellular signals. Phosphorylation of target proteins in the membrane, as may occur after binding of a receptor with an extra cellular ligand molecule, appears important for type and magnitude of signal transduction. Equally important is the assembly of signaling molecule complexes with specific intracellular or membrane-bound proteins. These proteins, e.g. regulatory or scaffold proteins, may comprise one or more specific domains such as the SH2, the SH3, the PTB, and the PTZ and WW domain types (see G. Cesarini et al. (eds.): Modular Protein Domains. Wiley VCH Verlag, 2004). The reaction of the cell to an outside signal also depends on the nature of the membrane. In particular the presence of some phosphatidylinositol (PI)-related compounds appear to be important for the function effected by proteins that possess pleckstrin homology (PH) domains, e.g. protein kinase C (PKC).
  • The way that a living cell reacts to an extracellular signal can vary widely and includes specific activation of phospholipid metabolism, specific cell adhesion behavior, a change in GTP-ase activity, localization of protein kinase activity, e.g. that of PKC, expression of specific transcription factors, regulation of the sensitivity of insulin receptor, and the spatial arrangement or activity of receptors and of ion channels.
  • Interaction between nerve cells (neurons) requires activation of ion channels, including the Na+, K+ and Ca2+ channels. In addition the regulation of numbers of receptors, also in relation to the different types of receptors, is important for proper cognitive, emotional and sensorimotoric (like e.g. hearing, smelling, feeling and tasting) functions. Such regulation is also mediated by neuregulin (Nrg-1) and postsynaptic density protein (PSD-95), whose functions appear to be dependent on membrane composition. In the end the signal transduction will result in the activation of a variety of specific genes, which together regulate consciousness, behavior and cognitive and intellectual capabilities.
  • Cell membranes comprise many types of chemical components, like phospholipids, cholesterol, glycolipids, sphingolipids, sulfatides, cerebrosides, gangliosides, proteins, including glycoproteins, peptides, ions, vitamins, and many other components apart from water. Typically these components are not evenly distributed over the membrane. Polar and non-polar areas can be identified. In particular to the so-called “rafts,” the often small non-polar areas in a plasma membrane, specific functions have been allocated (Brown, D. A., London, E., (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275:17221-17224).
  • Membrane composition is subject to many changes over time due to physical and/or enzymatic processes. Membrane-like structures also form a large part of the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) and their structure determines their potential function and properties.
  • Several methods have been described to influence the interaction between nerve cells and to improve cognitive function.
  • US 2005/0009779 discloses a method to increase membrane fluidity and to improve receptor function in this way. It was claimed that saturated fatty acids and cholesterol stiffen the membrane and that the combination of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids together with certain components that improve methionine metabolism can make cell membranes function in a better way. The document is e.g. silent about the importance of the presence of polar membrane constituents other than phospholipids and about the role of food constituents like manganese, molybdenum, taurine, cysteine, sulfate, water and the nature of the carbohydrate fraction in suitable nutritional products for improvement of membrane function.
  • US 2005/0203053 discloses that neurological function could be improved by enhancing the biosynthesis of phospholipids in the brain. This was achieved by consuming a uridine source, a source of choline and optionally a fatty acid. It was claimed that synaptic transmission was improved; the number of neurites was increased as well as the sensitivity of the P2Y receptor. Similar effects for these food components have been disclosed in US 2005/0176676.
  • WO 2004/028529 discloses a specific phospholipid comprising arachidonic acid, optionally in combination with medium chain triglycerides or a source of docosahexaenoic acid for improving cognitive function.
  • WO 2005/051091 discloses a specific blend of glycerophospholipids in combination with sphingomyelin and/or cholesterol, which blend resembles that of human breast milk and is present as a fat globule for use in the manufacture of infant formulae. The blend is claimed to be beneficial for the development of cognitive and vision functions of the fetus, infants and children.
  • Specific lipid blends have been proposed for treatment of diseases or modifying functioning of an organism.
  • In EP 1279400 an isotonic lipid emulsion is disclosed which comprises 60-95 wt % MCT and 5-40 wt % fish oil and which comprises no vegetable oils. This lipid blend is claimed to rapidly modify cell membranes of organs and tissues, and to be useful in the treatment of a wide range of diseases.
  • EP 0311091 discloses a specific lipid blend for parenteral use, which comprises MCT, ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids, a phospholipid fraction and vitamin E. Such lipid blend is claimed to be useful for patients that suffer from surgery, multiple traumata, burns, infections, lung failure and chronic inflammatory diseases. The product as disclosed does not comprise intact proteins or peptides and is not suitable for complete nutrition.
  • EP 0484266 discloses nutritional products that comprise DHA and EPA, from about 24 to about 82 mg phospholipids per litre product and a nucleotide mixture, which is claimed to be useful for nourishing infants and for the dietary management of hepatic cirrhosis and diarrhea.
  • EP 1426053 discloses the use of phospholipids, sphingomyelin, or galactolipid in the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for parenteral use in inhibiting tumor cell adhesion, inhibition of adhesion of metastasis cells and/or inhibition of tumor metastasis growth. The proposed formulations are unsuitable for complete nutrition by enteral route. No indication is given in what way other food constituents may interfere with the claimed efficacy.
  • Many papers speculate about the usefulness of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for treating inflammatory diseases. However, serious difficulties have risen in demonstrating clinical efficacy of the administration of these ω-3 fatty acids. Up to the filing date predominantly in the treatment of arthritis a statistically significant improvement could be observed.
  • It is an object of the present invention to change the composition of cell membranes (particularly rafts) in several types of cells in a manner that is convenient, in particular by administration of a nicely tasting enteral formulation.
    • SUMMARY
  • In an aspect, the invention relates to a lipid fraction, which comprises at least one of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), in combination with a uracil source, for the improvement of growth and development of the nervous system or lung tissue or the treatment of damaged nerve cells, in particular of an infant or child.
  • In particular, the lipid and the uracil source may form (part of) a product which is suitable for the nourishment of infants or children.
  • In particular the uracil source may be selected from uracil (free base); the nucleoside uridine; nucleotides such as UMP, UDP and UTP, including salts thereof; including combinations thereof. Preferably the source comprises uridine and/or UMP. The nucleotide salt may in particular be a sodium salt.
  • In an aspect, the invention relates to a lipid fraction comprising at least one of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and glycolipids (including sulfatides) for use as a nutritional, nutriceutical or pharmaceutical composition for the improvement of immune function, the modulation of interaction between host cells and antigens, allergens, chemokines, cytokines, other host cells and/or insulin or the modulation of the ratio of the number of Th1 and Th2 cells.
  • The invention now also provides a nutraceutical or pharmaceutical composition comprising:
  • a) a lipid fraction comprising at least one of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA);
  • b) a protein fraction comprising proteinaceous material from non-human origin which provide at least cysteine and/or taurine; and optionally
  • c) a mineral fraction comprising at least one of manganese and molybdenum.
  • Said composition preferably comprises from about 50 to about 120 kcal per 100 grams.
  • In an embodiment said composition further comprises a nucleotide fraction, selected from the group consisting of nucleobases like, cytosine, adenine, guanidine, thymidine, nucleosides (such as adenosine, cytidine and guanosine), and their phosphorylated forms (nucleotides), in particular the mono-phosphorylated forms, such as uridine monophosphate UMP), uridine diphosphate (UDP), uridine triphosphate (UTP).
  • Usually, the ratio of the uracil source (including free nucleobase, nucleoside (uridine), and nucleotides (such as UMP, UDP and UTP) to the sum of other sources for nucleobases (including free nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides) is relatively high, i.e. usually the uracil source or sources provides more than 25 mol %, in particular more than 36 mol %, preferably more than 42 mol %, in particular at least 50 mol % of the total nucleobase sources (including nucleosides and nucleotides).
  • In an embodiment the molar ratio [CMP+UMP] to [AMP+GMP+TMP+IMP] is more than 1.45, preferably more than 1.6, more preferably at least 1.8, in particular at least 2.0. In particular the ratio may be up to 200, more in particular up to 100.
  • The molar ratio UMP to [AMP+GMP+TMP+IMP] preferably is more than 0.36, in particular more than 0.42, more in particular at least 0.5, even more in particular at least 0.6. The ratio usually is up to 200, in particular up to 100.
  • In view of presently existing food regulations for infant formula, in an infant formulation, the UMP concentration may in particular be in the range of 0.1-0.42 mg per 100 kJ and/or the total amount of nucleotides may in particular be in the range of 0.1-1.2 mg/100 KJ.
  • For improved effectiveness it is considered advantageous to include UMP at a concentration of 0.42-10 mg/100 kJ, in particular 0.5-10 mg/100 kJ. The total amount of nucleotides may in particular be 100 mg/100 kJ.
  • The composition may further comprise a digestible carbohydrate fraction, preferably including a source of galactose and/or ribose.
  • Preferably the lipid fraction is from dairy origin, from eggs or from the endosperm of plant seeds or beans and it preferably comprises fat globules having a size of 0.001-10 μm.
  • Specific embodiments of the compositions are shown in the detailed description and the examples.
  • Also provided is the use of a composition according to the invention for improving the function of a mammalian cell, selected from the group of nerve cells, immune cells, stem cells, bone marrow cells and erythrocytes, for improving memory function in a mammal, for stimulating immune function in a mammal, for preventing obesity in a mammal, in autoimmune diseases and the like.
  • Also part of the invention is the use of said composition for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease, neuropathies, depressed immune function, allergy, anemia, obesitas, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, arrhythmias, heart failures, tumors, COPD, bronchitis, arthritis, hepatitis, chronic inflammation, dyslipidaemia and rheumatoid diseases.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 1 demonstrates the significant improvement of biosynthesis and transport of acetylcholine when feeding the product according the invention to a rat, which is injected with Aβ.
    •  DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
  • It has now been found that specific food compositions (also called nutraceutical compositions) or pharmaceutical compositions can improve the functioning of living cells.
  • The products according the invention comprise a lipid fraction that comprises one or more of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). In particular, the products may also comprise a uracil source.
  • The product may comprise one or more glycolipids, in particular for the improvement of immune function, the modulation of interaction between host cells and antigens, allergens, chemokines, cytokines, other host cells and/or insulin or the modulation of the ratio of the number of Th1 and Th2 cells.
  • Preferably the product according the invention further comprises a protein fraction, the latter providing cysteine and/or taurine equivalents and optionally a mineral fraction that comprises manganese and/or molybdenum. Optionally also a digestible carbohydrate fraction and/or a nucleotide source are beneficially included.
  • The lipid fraction preferably provides more than 30% of the energy that is provided by the digestible components in the formula using as calculation factors 9 kcal per g lipid, 4 kcal per gram protein or gram digestible carbohydrate and zero kcal for the other components in the product. Preferably the product comprises a lipid content of 32-80, more preferably 33-60 and still more preferably 36-50 percent of the total energy contents.
  • The amount of lipid fraction can be determined by applying the methods known in the art for measuring fat content in the food matrix as applicable. For example, fat content for general foods is determined by applying AOAC® official method 983.23, while the Roese-Gottlieb method (AOAC® 932.06) is better applicable for products based on dried milk (Lehner, R., Estoppey, A., (1954) Mitt. Lebensmitteluntersuchung Hyg. 54:183-185), and again other methods are used for measuring lipids content in infant formulae or clinical nutrition.
  • The amount of individual components can be determined by applying methods specifically designed for measuring that specific component or by fractionating the fat fraction isolated from the extraction of the chloroform-methanol fraction as given in the 983.23 method. When two accepted methods would differ in a statistically significant way (using P=0.05), the method, which gives the highest value is taken. The lipid fraction may include triglycerides, diacyl glycerides, monoacyl-glycerides, phospholipids, lysolecithins, glycolipids, sterols and other lipid-soluble components. For the purpose of this application the lipid fraction (and not the carbohydrate fraction) is defined to include sulfatides, cerebrosides, ceramides, sphingolipids, sphingomyelin, gangliosides and glycolipids like the globosides, hematosides and lactosylceramides. Specific analytical methods to measure the amounts of these components in a food matrix are known in the art. These amounts should therefore be added to the amounts as measured by the other methods for determining total fat, as far as they are not included in those measurements.
  • The polar components of the composition appear to have emulgating properties which might interfere with the emulgating systems which are conventionally used in the manufacture of homogeneous liquid formulae, which further comprise the protein, digestible carbohydrate and optionally the mineral fractions in amounts according the invention. By using milk fractions as source of these glycolipids and glycoproteins the liquid forms of the products that are suitable for complete enteral nutrition remain homogeneous.
  • The total lipid fraction comprises long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (having a chain length of at least 18 and abbreviated as LCP) of the omega 3 series (ω-3), and in particular one or more of DHA, EPA and DPA. These fatty acids can be present as triglycerides, phospholipids, sphingolipids, glycolipids or other food grade forms. The amount of ω-3 LCP must be more than 400 mg per serving for adults, providing a dose of 400-3300 mg of these fatty acids per day. The concentration of the sum of DHA, EPA and DPA in the lipid fraction is 2-50, preferably 5-45, more preferably 20-40% of the lipid fraction. The concentration of the sum of EPA, DHA and DPA in a liquid product is minimally 0.2 mg to maximally 15 mg per ml, and preferably 0.3-12, more preferably 0.4-11 mg/ml. For infants the amount of w3 LCP usually should be more than 30 mg per serving, thus providing a dose of 30-1000 mg of these fatty acids per day.
  • In a specific embodiment, a composition of the invention comprises per 100 g:
  • a) 1000 to 2000 mg of DHA+DPA+EPA;
  • b) 30-80 mg cysteine+taurine
  • c) 0.3-2 mg manganese+molybdene
  • The lipid fraction comprises a relatively low amount of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega 6 series compared to the amount of other components of the lipid fraction. The ratio ω-3/ω-6 will be in the range 0.3-5, preferably 0.4-4, more preferably 0.5-2. The amount of ω-6 LCP's will be less than 50, preferably 5-40, more preferably 8-30 wt %, most preferably 8-20 wt % and in particular 8-15 wt % of the fatty acids in the formula.
  • Preferably also saturated fatty acids are included. These include those fatty acids having a chain length of 8 to 24 carbon atoms. Preferably these fatty acids include those having 10, 12, 14 and 16 carbon atoms. The amount of saturated fatty acids, if present, usually should be 6-60, preferably 10-40, more preferably 12-36% by weight of the lipid phase. In particular the amount of C14:0+C16:0 usually should be 6-60, preferably 10-40, more preferably 12-36 wt % of the lipid phase. Medium chain triglycerides can origin from so called MCT oil, or origin from coconut oils or other suitable sources. The amount of MCT's usually should be 1-60, preferably 3-40 wt % of the lipid fraction. Myristic and palmitic acid can be included as acids, salts thereof, and esters with alkyl groups or acyl groups as in glycerides, or as other suitable forms. Preferably they are included as triglycerides, such as those that occur in palm kernel oil or in structured triglycerides with one additional ω-3 LCP or as diacyl or monoacyl glycerides. The monoacyl and diacyl glycerides that comprise the saturated fatty acids are preferred, because they appear to provide technological advantages, compared to the triglycerides forms, when higher amounts of lipids are included.
  • Oleic acid (C18:1) is preferably present in the lipid phase. It should be present in a content of 5-40 wt % of the fatty acids, preferably 6-35, more preferably 8-34 wt %. The amount in a liquid formula will be in the range of 0.1-2, preferably 0.15-1.2, more preferably 0.2-1.0 g per 100 ml liquid product.
  • Optionally an important part of the lipid fraction will comprise complex lipids like glycolipids, like sphingolipids such as sphingosines (e.g. sphingomyelin), acid sphingoglycolipids, such as sulfatides and gangliosides, and globosides. In the total lipid fraction the amount of material other than triglycerides and phospholipids is preferably more than 0.01 wt %, preferably 0.015-1 wt %, more preferably 0.02-0.5 wt %. The amount of sphingomyelin should be more than 130 micromolar, preferably 135-3000, more preferably 140-2000 micromolar and the amount of acid sphingoglycolipids should be more than 0.003, preferably 0.005-0.5, more preferably 0.008-0.4 wt % for best results. The amount of gangliosides should be more than 7, preferably 8-80, more preferably 9-40, in particular 9-25 mg/l liquid product. Preferred gangliosides are GD3 and GM3.
  • These compounds can be found in fractions that can be isolated from microorganisms like yeasts, bacteria, and in fungi, algae plants and animal material, like egg, nerve tissue, fibroblasts, and milk. It is preferred to use food grade ingredients. In particular it is preferred to use fractions from milk, such as extracts that comprise high levels of fat globules. These can be obtained from the manufacture of buttermilk and in particular in the whey that remains after manufacturing cheese from buttermilk. Suitable products that are commercially available include “buttermilk powder” and “butter serum.”
  • Milk whey comprises a relatively high amount of small fat globules, especially when macroproteins such as B-lactoglobulin have been removed. The concentration of small fat globules can be increased by applying filtration techniques on skimmed products, which concentrate the lipid layer on one side of the membrane and remove molecules like salts and lactose. This product is called “whey microfiltrate retentate.” Fractions that are enriched with acidic sphingoglycolipids can also be isolated by applying chromatographic methods known in the art such as ion exchange.
  • Milks from many mammals are suitable for isolation of the active components, however, milk from mares, sheep, goat and camels are particularly suited. It is most preferred to use a lipid extract isolated from sheep milk.
  • The amount of lipids from sheep milk should be more than 5 wt %, preferably 8-60 wt %, more preferably 10-40 wt % of the lipid fraction.
  • For example the fractions from egg, soy, colostrum, bone marrow, brain, milk and in particular buttermilk which are rich in fat globules, and in particular the membranes of these fat globules are of particular interest for inclusion in the products according the invention. These are concentrated in the complex glycolipids, which also comprise relatively high concentrations of carbohydrates other than glucose and fructose. Such fractions can be isolated by defattening the raw ingredients by methods known in the art, e.g. by hexane extraction or centrifugation. Additional methods should be applied to either the residual lipid- or aqueous fractions to isolate the more polar lipid fraction present as fat globule membranes. Suitable methods include selected removal of compounds of molecular weight below 300 such as minerals and lactose or removal of selected proteins, e.g. by using filtration, absorption, chromatography, osmosis techniques or precipitation.
  • In particular fat globules of smaller size, in particular those having a diameter less than 4.0 um, preferably less than 3.0 um, more preferably 0.001-2.0, most preferably 0.01-1.8 μm comprise the components of interest. In those situations wherein milk fat is not desired for the patient, e.g. due to a wrong fatty acid profile, it is preferred to remove at least part of the fat globules of larger size, in particular those having a diameter larger than 4.0 micrometer.
  • The lipid fraction from the milk should therefore preferably comprise more than 1%, more preferably 1.2-20 and most preferably 1.3-16 wt % phospholipids. In addition the lipid fraction should preferably comprise 0.1-20%, more preferably 0.2-10 and most preferably 0.6-8 wt % glycoproteins and glycolipids, and preferably 0.2-10, more preferably 0.3-9, most preferably 0.35-8 wt % cholesterol or cholesteryl esters. Preferably the lipid fraction that is isolated from milk comprises the increased amounts of at least two of phospholipids, glycoproteins, glycolipids and cholesterol and more preferably all components in amounts higher than in milk fat.
  • The lipid composition in the final product preferably comprises 1-80, more preferably 2-50, most preferably 3-40 wt % of the milk fraction enriched in components other than triglycerides and in particular comprising 50% more glycolipids and/or glycoproteins originating from smaller fat globule membranes of milk compared to the amount in the lipid fraction of the natural material.
  • Suitable methods for isolating fractions, which are enriched in fat globules, from dairy products can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,824,809, which is hereby incorporated by referencing. Also U.S. Pat. No. 6,391,362 discloses a suitable way to isolate a fat globule fraction from the lipid fraction of milk or cream. However, it is preferred to isolate the smaller sized fat globules therefrom, e.g. by applying micro filtration to the second aqueous phase. It is preferred not to phosphorylate the original components of the fat globule.
  • An additionally preferred method for isolating suitable smaller fat globules from milk is microfiltrating the aqueous phase that results after butter, cottage cheese, or quark manufacture. Especially the milk of sheep, goats and camels are suitable sources for isolating the fat globule fractions according to the invention, even though the constituents of their fat globules differ to a large extent from those in the fat globule of human milk. The fat globule fractions, which have been isolated according the methods as described, appear to be free from potentially interfering substances like prions, pathogens or viruses.
  • Though the fat globules or fractions thereof, that origin from the ingredients, are highly effective, they will not necessarily remain intact during the preparation or shelf life of the final product according the invention. The application of a homogenization step during processing, and the inclusion of the ingredients, which cause effectiveness of the final product, such as the protein fraction or other lipid components, interacts with the original fat globules that are present in the ingredients. Therefore typically the size of the fat globules in the product will increase and more than 50% of the lipid fraction will be provided as fat globules larger than 2 micron and in non-liposome form. More than 90% of the volume fraction of the lipids will be present in globules having a diameter larger than 0.025 um.
  • The lipid fraction of the final product comprises per 100 ml liquid product preferably more than 0.56 g long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, more preferably 0.57-3.1, most preferably 0.57-2.8 and in particular 0.57-1.4 gram.
  • In those situations that the concentration in semi-solid and solid products is not explicitly mentioned or can not be directly derived from the claimed daily dose per daily portion, they can finally be calculated from the claimed concentrations of the active ingredients in liquid products by correcting to percentage dry mass, assuming a dry mass content of 15 g per 100 ml liquid product, 35 g per 100 g semi-solid product and 90 g mass per 100 g solid product.
  • In malnourished persons it is advantageous to include 0.1-10 g, preferably 0.2-5 g cholesterol sources per daily dose. Suitable sources of cholesterol include cholesterol, salts and esters thereof. Such malnourished patients may be hospital patients, patients that suffer from protein-energy malnourishment and the elderly. Not included in this group are those malnourished persons that applied bad feeding practices for longer periods, which means in particular that for several months relatively large amounts of trans fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, in particular of vegetable oils, which had become oxidized, were consumed.
  • The mineral fraction comprises at least manganese or molybdenum, optionally magnesium and zinc can be added. Preferably manganese and molybdenum are both included and more preferably also magnesium is included in effective amounts.
  • Inclusion of manganese in a diet appears important for improving membrane function of cells, in particular the membrane function of nerve cells. Especially those persons that are malnourished or have an inherited or metabolic disorder have imparted metabolic capacity for producing sphingomyelin and/or related compounds like sulfatides and glycosylated ceramides. In addition, during these disorders or during rapid growth persons experience increased needs for biosynthesis of these compounds. Examples of such persons are patients that suffer from neurological diseases, like Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson, depression, ME, persons that suffer from systemic lupus erythomatosus (SLE), paralysis caused by nerve damage or spinal chord injury, but also young infants and fetuses, which are in a phase of growth of neural tissue, and pregnant women.
  • The amount of manganese administered/consumed per day should be more than 7 mg preferably 9-300 mg for a person weighing 80 kg. The concentration in a liquid product can for example be calculated by taking the daily volume and calculating the ratio of daily dose and daily volume. Assuming a volume of 2000 ml for e.g. a tube feeding gives a manganese concentration of at least 7/2000 ml=350 microgram per 100 ml. We also assume a caloric density of 1.0 kcal or 4.2 kiloJoule per ml for tube feed. The concentration per 100 kcal is therefore minimal 0.35 mg per 100 kcal, preferably 0.45-15 mg/100 kcal or >0.83, preferably 0.107-3.6 mg/100 kJ.
  • For infants weighing 3 kg and consuming 400 ml this minimum concentration is 0.065-mg/100 ml. For infant formulae having a energy density of 0.67 kcal/ml the concentration will therefore be more than about 0.1 mg per 100 kcal.
  • It was found that the inclusion of manganese as mentioned above had a promoting effect on the growth of lactobacilli in the gut, and several of the benefits associated with this effect follow from this beneficial effect, including a decrease of luminal pH, less growth of pathogens in the gut and an increase in the strength and/or capacity of the immune function, measured in terms of a decreased rate of infections and/or less diarrhea. Also a better stool consistency was observed, in particular in frequency of the occurrence of constipation. Despite increased use of manganese by these intestinal bacteria a systemic effect was observed on cell function, especially when the concentrations as given were administered.
  • Additional molybdenum is required to allow proper functioning of the cofactors, which appear important for creating a proper composition of the membranes, e.g. their sulfatide content, and in particular guarantees a proper functioning of nerve cells. Further, inclusion of a proper amount of molybdenum delays brain shrinkage in part of the elderly during aging. Molybdenum is also required to create a proper barrier function, e.g. of the gut, during maturation and growth or during inflammatory bowel disease and/or food allergy.
  • A proper amount of molybdenum means an amount of more than 2 μg per kg body weight per day, in particular 3-40, more preferably 3.6-32 μg/kgbw·d. This will typically result in a concentration of 2.0-40 ug/100 kcal [or 0.48-9.5 ug/100 kJ], preferably 2.6-30 μg/100 kcal [or 0.62-7.1 ug/100 kJ] for infant formulae, and in 15-400, preferably 18-100, more preferably 24-40 μg/100 kcal [equals respectively 3.6-95, preferably 4.3-23.8, more preferably 5.7-5.7 microgram per 100 kJ] for products for adults
  • The amount of magnesium that is consumed per day should be 400-1000 mg, preferably 480-800 mg for a person weighing 80 kg. When a complete nutrition is designed this results in a concentration of 7.5-40 mg, preferably 9-30 mg per 100 kcal, which equals 1.8-9.5, preferably 2.1-7.1 mg/100 kJ. Magnesium appears important to allow sufficient biosynthesis of glycolipids.
  • Additional zinc can be included for several purposes, e.g. in order to normalize copper homeostasis. For this it should be provided in a ratio of 8-40, preferably 10-30 fold excess to copper. Normalization of copper homeostasis is important to increase the degree of saturation of ceruloplasmin with copper and to prevent excess oxidation of membrane fractions, including APP or parts thereof.
  • It appears important to have a balanced mineral composition. This enhances the efficacy per patient and also increases applicability in a larger group of the patients. Balance in this respect means that all of the minerals as mentioned above should be included, while also the relative amounts as indicated are important for creating a proper balance.
  • Suitable sources of these minerals include their salts with organic or inorganic anions like sulphate, carbonate, bicarbonate, hydroxide, chloride and citrate. Oxides of manganese and molybdenum should not be used, especially not in infant formulae. Preferably some sulphate forms are used, in such a way that sulphate provides 1-400, preferably 2-250, more preferably 3-125-mg/100 g product. Molybdenum is suitably included as molybdate salt
  • It appeared that the effect of manganese and magnesium could be antagonized when high amounts of calcium were included in the product or when high doses of calcium were used in the total daily diet, for example when nutritional supplements were consumed next to the product according the invention. The amount of calcium to manganese in the product should therefore be 1-235:1, preferably 5-205:1, more preferably 10-100:1.
  • The protein fraction that is included in the product must be digestible for more than 80 wt % and preferably 90-100%. The protein fraction comprises intact proteins, peptides as may be obtained by hydrolyses of intact proteins and by syntheses, derivatives of peptides comprising more than 80% by weight amino acids, the (naturally occurring) amino acids itself, and taurine, as well as derivatives of said amino acids and taurine, like salts, N-acylated or N-acetylated forms as well as esters. Betaine, dimethylglycine, sarcosine, nucleosides material and choline also comprise nitrogen, but will not be calculated as being protein.
  • The protein is due to provide available cysteine and/or taurine equivalents. All proteins that typically are used in food manufacture provide cysteine. If considering dairy as a source of protein, it should be realized that casein is a relatively poor source of cysteine. It is therefore advantageous to use at least partially a whey protein, and in particular alpha-lactalbumin or whey proteins that are enriched in alpha-lactalbumin, in order to increase cysteine levels in the product. The amount of beta lactoglobulin is preferably relatively low compared to that of alpha lactalbumin in relation to the ratio as observed in natural milk.
  • When milk is used as protein source, it is preferred to use a protein fraction, which is also rich in proteins or peptides, which have a high degree of glycosylation, such as casein glyco macropeptide (CGMP). These proteins/peptides are defined to be those peptides in which more than 10% of the amino acid residues have been glycosylated. The amount of CGMP in the fraction of the milk that is used for inclusion in the protein fraction is preferably above 20%, more preferably more than 35, most preferably more than 40 wt %.
  • Preferably the protein comprises a histidine concentration of 2.5, preferably 3.0-6, more preferably 3.3-6 g per 100 g protein. This means that when whey proteins are used to a substantial degree free histidine needs to be included.
  • The amount of taurine should be more than 0.1 g, preferably 0.2-4, more preferably 0.4-3 g per daily dose. Typically this dose results in concentrations in liquid products of more than 5 mg, preferably 7-100, more preferably 9-60 mg per 100 g product. Also taurine salts are suitable ingredients.
  • Next to the above-described lipid, mineral and protein fractions, the compositions of the inventions preferably comprise other fractions, such as a carbohydrate fraction and/or a nucleotide fraction. Further, also inclusion of a vitamin fraction and/or a methyl donor fraction is preferred.
  • The carbohydrate fraction comprises a digestible carbohydrate fraction, which preferably includes a source of galactose and/or ribose. In order to provide sufficient energy in a carbohydrate blend that has a low glycemic index the amount of these available and digestible non-glucose sugars must be less than 50, preferably 10-40 wt % of the amount of glucose that is available to the consumer. Suitable sources of galactose or ribose are disaccharides like lactose or food grade qualities of the synthetic monosaccharides. Though the ribose from nucleotides contributes to the physiological effect of the product, it is not calculated to contribute to the total ribose content in the document, due to the relatively low doses of nucleotides in the product.
  • The digestible carbohydrate fraction beneficially comprises glycosamines, like mannosamine and galactosamine or N-acylated forms thereof, for example N-acetylated forms, in an amount of 0.1-10, preferably 0.2-6 wt % of the digestible carbohydrate fraction.
  • Part of the carbohydrates, in particular 2-50 wt % can beneficially be uronic acids as have been described in application EP 5103247.2. Part of the oligosaccharides, which have been disclosed in WO 2005/027663 is also effective for the uses as mentioned below, in particular when used with the claimed protein- and mineral fraction.
  • The carbohydrate fraction preferably also comprises a source of inositol. Myo-inositol is the preferred form, though up to 50% is allowed to origin from phosphorylated forms such as phytic acid equivalents such as phytates. Phosphatidylinositol also appears to be a suitable alternative.
  • The amount of inositol equivalents that should be administered to a person weighing 80 kg per day is 0-1500, preferably 320-1200, more preferably 380-1100 and most preferably 420-1000 mg. When calculating the desired daily dose for infants weighing 4 kg this results in 21-50 mg.
  • Other ingredients that are beneficially included in the formula include a nucleotide source. Nucleotide sources are those ingredients that after consumption result in a raise in tissue levels of xanthine, nucleotides, nucleosides and/or nucleobases in vivo. Suitable ingredients include the nucleobases like uridine, cytidine, adenine, guanidine, thymidine, their phosphorylated forms, in particular the mono-phosphorylated forms such as uridinemonophosphate, but also adenosine and guanosine, nucleosides and nucleotides.
  • Though beneficial effects can be observed by administering a single nucleotide source, in particular uridinemonophosphate (UMP), to the components of the claimed composition, about equally good effects, without risk of undesired side effects, can be obtained by using mixtures of nucleotides, nucleosides or nucleobases. Such mixtures are preferentially extracted from yeasts or animal tissues.
  • When UMP is used as source the amount per daily dose for a person weighing 80 kg must be 0.08-3 g, preferably 0.1-2, more preferably 0.15-0.9 g. The required dosages of the equivalents on weight base can be calculated from the dose of UMP by taking equimolar amounts of the nucleobases and correcting for molecular weight, using the molecular weight of UMP, which is about 324 Dalton.
  • Uridine derivatives like UDP, which is readily formed from dietetic UMP, appears important for transport of glycoproteins and glycolipids within the cell and availability thereof in the cytosol and plasma membrane.
  • The vitamin fraction, if present, should preferably comprise vitamin B6 in a food grade form, which is able to increase the levels of pyridoxal phosphate in vivo in liver and/or brain. This means that the vitamin B6 dosis per day is restricted to not more than 50 mg and preferably not more than 25 mg vitamin B6 per day for a person weighing 80 kg. Effective doses are 2 mg-50 preferably 2.4-40 mg, more preferably 8-25 mg vitamin B6 for such a person. The optimal dose for a person having a different body weight can be calculated by taking the proportional part. For example for a baby weighing 3 kg the optimal dose is 37-1875 ug. Preferred forms of vitamin B6 are pyridoxamine, pyridoxal, 3-acylated pyridoxal analogues or salts thereof as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,586,414, U.S. Pat. No. 6,548,519 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,339,085., which are included by reference.
  • The vitamin fraction further can comprise biotin, folate and vitamin B12.
  • Biotin should be included in an amount of more than 1.5 μg/kgbw·d and preferably 4-50, more preferably 5-40 μg/kgbw·d. This typically results in concentrations of biotin in the product of more than 6, preferably 7-60, more preferably 8-40 μg/100 kcal for adults and >3, preferably 4-50, more preferably 4.6-30 μg/100 kcal for infants. Suitable sources of biotin are known in the art.
  • Folates include folic acid, folinic acid, methylated, methenylated and formylated forms of folates, their salts or esters, as well as their derivatives with one or more glutamic acid, and all in either reduced or oxidized form. Calculated to amount of folic acid the amount should be at least 300, preferably 420-2000 μg, more preferably 520-1500 μg/daily dose for an adult weighing 80 kg. For infants the recommended amount of folate per kg body weight is somewhat higher than for adults. It should be >10 μg folic acid per kgbw·d and preferably 30-140, more preferably 45-120 μg/kgbw·d.
  • A preferred embodiment of the formula comprises vitamin B12. In particular the vitamin B12 is not cyanocobalamine, but instead a member selected from hydroxy- or methyl cobalamins or one of the thiolatocobalamines as disclosed in WO 02/087593 or the extracts as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,187,761.
  • The other vitamins, such as vitamin A, D, E, K, C, B1, B2, B3 and pantothenic acid and minerals and trace elements, such as Na, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Se, I, F comply with general recommendations for nutritional requirements, especially in infant formulae.
  • Additionally, a methyl donor is preferably included in the products according the invention. A methyl donor is capable of generating at least one methyl group when absorbed in the body of a mammal. Examples of suitable methyl donors include betaine, choline, serine, dimethylglycine and sarcosine. It is preferred to select betaine or dimethylglycine for effective results. The advantages of including additional methyl donors in the product become in particular apparent when the protein source comprises more than 20 wt % protein of vegetable origin, such as proteins from cereals like wheat, oats, rice, corn or soy, or seeds/tubers like peas, lupine, potato, or beans. The effective dose in such products is more than 0.18 mmol per kg body weight per daily dose, preferably 0.19-2, more preferably 0.2-1.2 millimol per kgbw·d. When, for standardization, the weight of a human body is set at 70 kg, this would mean that choline (or dimethylglycine, because having about the same molecular weight) should be present in a liquid composition with more than 1.3 g per 2 liter product. A liquid supplement for use by an adult consumer in an amount of 400 ml per day would comprise 1.3 g per 400 ml.
  • The choline resulting from phospholipids is not calculated to contribute to this amount of methyl donor.
  • The fortification with one or more methyl donors is especially advantageous if the amount of methyl acceptor remains low in the product in comparison with the amount of methyl donor. In particular it is advantageous to have more than 3 fold molar excess of methyl donors compared to the molar amount of methyl acceptors, such as glycine, phosphatidylethanolamine and polyamines such as spermine and spermidine.
  • Furthermore, statins can be beneficially included in those products that are used by patients suffering from dyslipidemias and in particular hypercholesterolaemia. Admixture would be useful for periods shorter than 2 weeks in those cases that a rapid decrease of plasma cholesterol levels is envisaged. The compounds may increase the efficacy of the compositions of the invention during this period. However, a disadvantage on the longer term of including compounds like simvastatin, lovastatin, rosuvastatin, pravastatin, fluvastatin and atorvastatin is their capability to inhibit potently the action of hydroxymethyl glutaryl-CoA reductase when administered in relatively small amounts. Therefore, if the product is consumed for longer periods in conjunction with statins, the product should comprise one or more of the group of ubiquinons, ubiquinols, menaquinons, coenzyme Q10, dolichol, dolichol esters, dolichol ethers, synthetic poly-isoprenoids having more than 8 isoprenoid units, such isoprenoids with one or more a carboxylic acid groups, hydroxy groups having retinoids, lycopene, and sterols in amounts to counteract the disadvantages of administering statins. Preferably dolichol or its analogues are included, wherein the dolichol analogues are substantially apolar for at least 80% of the molecule. Maximally fifteen percent, but preferably less than 10% of the carbon atoms is allowed to be substituted with polar groups such as hydroxy, alkoxy in particular methoxy, carboxyl, sulfhydryl, substituted sulfhydryl, amino, substituted amino, alkyl or acyl moieties.
  • These inclusions are required to maintain efficacy of the product as an improver of immune function e.g. in cancer patients, and in particular as a product that decreases sensitivity to metastasis formation. In combination with statin therapy the products even appear advantageous if used without the protein and mineral fraction of the product in claim 1 under the condition that the above-mentioned components are included in an amount of at least 20 mg dolichol analogues, at least 4 mg retinoids, at least 4 mg ubiquinons, ubiquinols, menaquinols or menaquinons, and at least 0.02 mg sterols per daily dose. Suitable sterols are in particular natural sterols as occur in mammalian organisms.
    • Effects
  • The products according to the invention normalize membrane function of nerve cells, especially when these membranes are deformed and/or have a wrong composition. Though one may speculate about the cause of these defects, it seems that a dysfunction of one or more membrane-bound enzymes, e.g. an upregulation of sphingomyelinase, which decreases sphingomyelin content and increases ceramides levels, seems to be important to this pathology. Also exposure to high amounts of stressors, a genetic disposition and/or chronic malnourishment may contribute to more rapid development of imparted nerve functioning.
  • Persons older than 50 years of age are particularly prone to developing such condition, by a combination of aging and non-optimal nourishment. Prevalence of high amounts of nerve cells having deformed membranes will result in e.g. impairment of cognitive function, sensory awareness and insufficient capability to control the motoric system (muscles). Nerve cells that possess deformed membranes will start to synthesize increased amounts of Aβ (Abeta) proteins, which induce amyloid deposits, forming plaques and/or neurofibrillary tangles. The deformed membrane will also start to become a host for several lipophilic compounds like several peptides that are soluble in this matrix such as the dimers of Aβ, in particular of Aβ 42, which may result in release of apoptosis signals and death of nerve cells.
  • In the end this may lead to shrinkage of the brain volume and in particular of the volume of the white matter, especially in the very old. Syndromes caused by these effects are generally known as dementia or Alzheimer's disease, although specific forms of these diseases have been described.
  • Neuropathy is partially caused under conditions wherein an organism and in particular the neural tissue is exposed for a longer period of time to increased levels of reducing equivalents, in particular of hydrogenated nicotinamide dinucleotide (NADH). Such levels are increased in e.g. persons suffering from insulin resistance, like diabetics, persons that suffer from ischaemia (e.g. after surgery or after been subjected to other physiological trauma which imparts blood flow to tissues) or persons that abuse ethanol.
  • One may discriminate between neuropathies that occur centrally (brain and spinal chord) and peripheral neuropathies. The compositions according to the invention are effective in both types. Central insulin resistance may result in pathologies as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases. Peripheral neuropathy may impart motoric and sensoric functions and/or result in pains as explained below. Such neuropathies may also include neural function in specific organs like the liver. Without wanting to be bound by theory it may be important that the compositions according the invention decrease cytosolic sialidase activity and increase the rate of biosynthesis of essential constituents of nerve cells including sulfatides and gangliosides.
  • Neuropathy as caused by antibody attack also appears to be decreased. Without wanting to be bound by theory it seems important that the improvement of the function of Schwann-type cells, in particular in terms of repairing damaged myelin and cellular debris, contributes to this effect, as does the improvement of the integrity of blood-nerve barrier and decrease of the activation state of glial cells in the spinal chord in such types of diseased persons. This makes the compositions of the invention useful in the treatment of multiple sclerosis and in the decrease of chronic or neuropathic pain (contrary to normal pain).
  • Administration of the compositions according the invention appeared to improve interaction between nerve cells, which effect had major consequences for many reactions of the body to outside triggers. For example proper notification and handling of sensory triggers and adequate definition of motoric functions as a reaction to these triggers was improved. Interaction is essential to the thought process and awareness of emotions, including feelings of fear and pain (including threshold function).
  • In addition proper functioning of many organs and/or cells, that are at least partially controlled by the nervus vagus or that react to local acetylcholine release e.g. by epithelial cells and macrophages, depends on the capability of nerve cells to handle these signals properly. Examples of such reactions include the activity of the gastrointestinal tract after sensory awareness of meal components, and the activity of the heart in rest (arrhythmias) and during exercise. Another example is the activity of the immune system, in particular the immune cells that circulate in blood, in lymph and in particular in the epithelial cells of lung and the gastrointestinal tract. These cells include the activity of cells that produce mucus (Goblet cells) and the glycocalyx, the antigen presenting cells, Paneth cells and Peyer's patches, and lymphocytes as locally present in the lamina propria, which are all strongly influenced by their membrane composition and function.
  • The improvement of the functioning of the central nervous system, including the autonomous nerve system and the hypothalamus, includes the functioning of the white matter, and results in better thinking capabilities, enhanced emotional feelings, communication skills and memory function.
  • It is claimed by the inventors that apart from neurotransmitter release and receptor function (notably G-protein receptors) also the composition of the membranes of nerve cells is improved, and in particular their content of polar lipid-like components like sulfatides, ceramides, sphingolipids, glycoproteins and glycolipids in relation to the total mass of the membrane and/or in relation to the amount of non-polar components. Examples of non-polar compounds are cholesterol and dimeric peptides, in particular the amount of homo-dimeric non-polar peptides of larger membrane proteins like the amyloid precursor protein, more in particular the dimeric form of the Aβ-42 fragment. In this way it is aimed to change size and composition of membrane rafts and to maintain a proper functioning of the active parts of the rafts. In this way not only the function of the receptor changes (which may be due to a modification of the affinity of ligand molecules for the receptors and an increase of discriminatory power, or a change in intrinsic activity of the ligands e.g. by influencing secondary messages such as the IP3 pathway); also the activity of glycoproteins and membrane-bound enzymes changes. In this way significant changes in metabolic and physiological activities of living cells are achieved. This applies in particular to the functioning of nerve cells, immune cells, bone marrow cells, stem cells and blood cells like erythrocytes. It was found by the inventors that acetylcholine biosynthesis and transport are improved by administering the composition according the invention. The function of membrane-bound choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) was improved as well as its transport over the vesicle membrane into the synaptic cleft. Acetylcholine release is an essential part of brain function, which includes cognitive function and also of the activity of the parasympathetic nerve system, in particular the nervus vagus. This part of the nervous system regulates gastrointestinal behavior and for example heart rhythm. Improvement of heart arrhythmias, gut motility and gut-mediated systemic immune reaction is obtained by administering the composition according to the invention.
  • The compositions according the invention are also useful in repair of damaged nerve tissue. Nerve lesions can occur after trauma, for example surgery or spinal chord injury, but also in brain after chronic exposure to high diastolic blood pressure.
  • The compositions according to the invention are also useful in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. The demyelination process is slowed down as well as the creation of demyelinated plaques in the brain.
  • In patients suffering from Parkinson's disease, in particular idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), the compositions according to the invention decrease the rate of deterioration of the substantia nigra cells. In particular the amount of amyloid plaques as well as the amount of alpha-synuclein and Lewy bodies in brain will decrease in PD patients, but also in patients suffering from specific forms of dementias, e.g. Lewy body dementia, or suffering from multiple system atrophy (MSA) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
  • Such precipitation of excess amounts of proteins in the brain, in particular in neurons and glial cells, such as the occurrence of polyglutamate expansions during Huntington's disease, and tau-protein in various forms of dementia, palsy and corticobasal degeneration, can be conveniently counteracted by intervention with the compositions according the invention. Change of the intracellular membranes, e.g. those of the Golgi apparatus and/or endoplasmatic reticulum, and a consequent different modification of the proteins may also play a role in establishing this effect.
  • When used in administration to patients suffering from insulin resistance, and to babies or infants it is important to include components, which increase insulin sensitivity, such as a protein fraction comprising all essential amino acids and having a relatively high aspartate to glutamate ratio, in particular above 0.42, preferably 0.44-0.8, more preferably 0.45-0.6 or a vitamin fraction, which comprises at least riboflavin equivalents, vitamin B6 and/or biotin or preferably all three vitamins. Examples of such protein fractions include alpha-lactalbumin or protein blends to which aspartic acid has been added.
  • In case the composition is administered to subjects suffering from diabetes, it is further beneficial to administer the composition as adjuvant to metformin and to refrain from co-administration with drugs, which are known to decrease insulin sensitivity. For subjects that suffer from insulin resistance it is further preferred to include a fiber or fiber-like material that comprises resistant starch for more than 20 wt % of the fiber blend in the composition. Also for diabetics and obese subjects inclusion of a fiber-like material, such as slowly digestible starch, galacto oligosaccharides, cellulose or fructo oligofructose/oligofructose, is advantageous for these groups a content of about 30 wt % or more starch is advisable.
  • The active components in the compositions according to the invention further regulate maturation of the eye and brain during fetal development. The compositions according the invention are therefore useful for administration to pregnant women, for allowing the development of good visual and brain functions in babies, including cognitive and mental capabilities.
  • Improved communication between nervous cells appears to be important in combating epileptic convulsions, and reducing the frequency and intensity of schizophrenia, in decreasing the rate of attacks in subjects suffering from Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, in reducing ADHD and autistic behavior and in improving sleep behavior.
  • For combating acute situations in these disorders, the compositions according to the invention should be included in a ketogenic diet. In particular the caloric value of the nutritional product according the invention must be more than 40% of the caloric value of the protein, lipid and digestible carbohydrate fraction in the product. Preferably this amount is more than 46, more preferably more than 50%. In such ketogenic products the lipid fraction must meet the criteria as mentioned above. The amount of ω-6 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids should be relatively low and the amount of saturated fatty acids relatively high.
  • The active components as present in the compositions according to the invention also appear to be essential for proper maturation of the gut and proper development of its barrier, immune and transport function. This effect becomes evident from the reduced sensitivity to intestinal infections, a reduced rate of diarrhea and bacterial overgrowth, and less sensitivity to food-born allergens of subjects that have obtained such condition of the gut.
  • Without wanting to be bound by theory it is thought that it is important that the products according to the invention improve membrane function of epithelial cells, of receptors like the CD1d receptor and that they increase the proper action of dendritic cells. This proper action includes the release of chemokines and cytokines, which recruit the right type of lymphocytes, provide a proper “Th1/Th2” response and direct a proper migration of these cells to the lymph nodes. These effects decrease the rate of pathogen translocation and pathogen recognition. It is thought that the recruitment of the right types of T-cells helps to combat undesired cells like allergens, pathogens and mutated cells and defines a proper response, e.g. an allergic reaction for the organism. Due to the modified composition of the plasma membrane of e.g. endothelial cells, pathogens and/or allergens, in particular allergens that comprise a hydrophobic part, adhere less and/or differently, which causes a more appropriate reaction. In addition the composition of mucin produced by epithelial cells will improve, in particular with regard to the amount of sulphated and sialylated components.
  • For obtaining maximal improvement of the condition of the gut, particularly in malnourished patients, the compositions according to the invention should comprise a source of cholesterol. In particular the amount must be in the range of 2-100, preferably 6-60, most preferably 9-40 mg per 100 g. Suitable sources are free cholesterol or cholesteryl esters, in particular with oleic acid, or a mixture thereof, preferably in a ratio of free to esterified cholesterol from 4-10:1.
  • It is also thought that the above mentioned effects with respect to the immune system can also be held responsible for the improvement in response to a proinflammatory trigger and the decrease in magnitude of an autoimmune reaction. This appears applicable in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, in particular arthritis, hepatitis, pancreatitis and chronic bronchitis and in the treatment of young infants susceptible to developing diabetes type I and older adults which appear to develop rheumatoid diseases, like rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis.
  • The compositions according the invention facilitate lung development and proper repair of lung tissue, e.g. after burns, exposure to toxicants, emphysema, and chronic physical exposure like chronic coughing and during inflammation and related lung infections and as results from pulmonary obstructive diseases like COPD and bronchitis.
  • Lung tissue comprises large amounts of specific surfactant molecules, whose rate of biosynthesis is increased by the compositions according to the invention. The compositions are particularly useful for pregnant women for improving foetal lung development, for infants having small gestational age, and in particular those that are sensitive to the respiratory distress syndrome. Problems with lung development can be identified by analyzing at a proper moment, e.g. after 6 months gestation, the composition of the amniotic fluid and in particular the amount of sphingomyelin in relation to that of other lipid components.
  • When provided to patients for improving lung function the lipid fraction should comprise a relatively high amount of palmitic acid (C16:0), in particular more than 10 wt % of the fatty acids of the total lipid fraction, and more in particular 10.5-18-wt %. Palmitic acid should preferably have for more than 15% the sn2 position in the triglycerides fraction.
  • Efficacy of the formulations according to the invention in the treatment of COPD can be established by measuring parameters indicative of respiratory capacity, e.g. FEV 1.0, and/or measuring the expression of different types of muscarinic receptors and chemokines secretion by sputum cells, like disclosed in Profita M., et al. (Allergy, 2005, 60:1361-1369)
  • The compositions according the invention improve recognition of undesired cells in the body such as mutated or tumor cells and change the pattern of cytokine production by macrophages that were stimulated by antigens. They therefore reduce the risk of developing tumors and decrease the rate of recurrence of tumors after resection or destruction by other means, such as radio- or chemotherapy, and decrease the rate of metastasis formation.
  • The composition and constitution of the cell membranes appears to influence transport of reducing equivalents within the cell, for example in the development of sensitivity to insulin. The compositions according the invention therefore diminish the tendency to develop obesity during childhood but also during adult life.
  • In combating obesity, the compositions appear to decrease the amount of circulating C reactive protein (CRP) and to decrease the release of CRP by the adipose tissue. Endogenous synthesis of resistin by adipose tissue is increased. In this way the incidence of cardiovascular disease in persons suffering from the metabolic syndrome, and in particular the development of arteriosclerosis and high blood pressure in obese persons, is decreased.
  • Endocrine function of specific organs and organelles, which include the function of pancreas, hypothalamus and the Golgi and ER organelles in liver and vesicle biosynthesis in and release of endocrine messengers from nerve cells, is improved. The compositions according to the invention are claimed to support release of insulin by the pancreas, secretion of digestive enzymes in cystic fibrosis patients, appropriate reaction of hypophyse to signals that arrive at or are produced by other parts of the body, and immune function, especially the clearing function of Kupffer cells as well as the biosynthetic role of organs that produce acute phase proteins.
  • The compositions can be beneficially used in combination with several types of drugs for the purposes as mentioned above. The use of the product in combination with large planar molecules like statins has been discussed above, in particular in relation to the treatment of cognitive impairment in the elderly, which suffer from dyslipidaemia. Typically a relatively large part of these patients have a relatively high amount of plaques and tangles.
  • The compositions of the invention can also be advantageously used in combination with phosphodiesterase inhibitors, when aiming improvement of cognitive function, in particular when the drugs are used for periods shorter than about one month and when the dose of the inhibitors in this period is less than 10 mg, preferably less than 2 mg per day for an adult.
  • The products according the invention are also advantageously used in combination with, or as adjuvant to vaccine therapy of amyloid formation. The rapid decrease in the amount of amyloid in brain is supported by biosynthesis of better membranes which thus prevents the deleterious effects of residual excess amyloid.
  • Typically it requires at least several days before the effectivity of the compositions manifests itself. Optimal results are obtained by applying administration regimens in humans, which achieve a daily use of the product for longer than 1 week, in particular longer than 2 weeks. The administration protocol may include a loading phase wherein during the first week 2 or 3 daily dosages are administered. Thereafter the daily dosages which have been disclosed in this document have to be applied for optimal results.
    • EXAMPLES Example 1 Introduction
  • In Alzheimer patients one of the hallmarks is the presence of beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques. Formation of Aβ plaques causes a reduction in production capacity of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in learning and memory processes. The reduction in acetylcholine levels results in memory loss [Isacson, 2002 #766]. Injecting rats with a solution containing Aβ results in similar problems in learning and memory [Nakamura, 2001 #621]. This model is well accepted to test the effects of beneficial compounds on Aβ-induced memory loss. This experiment is addressing the effects of Aβ infusion on acetylcholine producing cells and the transporter for acetylcholine. Furthermore, a dietary composition is used to prevent these effects.
  • Experimental Design
  • Four groups of rats received either an infusion into the lateral ventricle with beta-amyloid or a saline solution. Five weeks prior to the infusions the rats were fed one of two diets, A or B. The four groups are summarized in table 1. Table lists the dietary composition of the two diets. Diet A serves as a control diet. Diet B is enriched in DHA, EPA and phospholipids to improve membrane quality. Furthermore, it is enriched in UMP and choline to stimulate membrane synthesis. And it is enriched in B-vitamins and folic acid to relieve homocysteine levels.
  • TABLE 1
    Groups of Rats Differing in Infusion Solutions and Diet
    Group Infusion Diet
    1 (sham) Saline A
    2 Abeta A
    3 (sham) Saline B
    4 Abeta B
  • TABLE 2
    Composition of the Diets
    Diet A Diet B
    g/100 g fat g/100 g fat
    Fatty LA 31.1 30.0
    acids ALA 1.3 2.9
    EPA 0.0 0.0
    DHA — 3.3
    total ω-6 31.1 30.4
    total ω-3 1.3 13.0
    ω-6/ω-3 23.5 2.3
    mg/100 g food mg/100 g food
    phospho- Soya Lecithin — 500
    lipids PC — 130
    PS — 20
    g/100 g food g/100 g food
    Choline — 0.95
    UMP — 1.55
    mg/100 g food mg/100 g food
    vita- A 400 400
    mins D3 100 100
    E 3 253
    K3 0.005 0.005
    B1 0.4 0.4
    B2 0.3 0.3
    B6 0.6 4.725
    B12 0.005 0.00575
    Vitamin C 0 200
    Niacin 2 2
    Pantothenic 0.8 0.8
    acid
    Choline 86.8 86.8
    Folic acid 0.1 1.35
    Biotin 0.2 0.2
    miner- Iron 3.5 3.5
    als Copper 0.4 0.4
    Zinc 1.2 1.2
    Manganese 5 5
    Iodide 0.015 0.015
    Selenium 0.009 0.159
    Cobalt 0 0
    Chromium 0.029 0.029
    Nickel 0.007 0.007
    Fluor 0.09 0.09
    Tin 0.1 0.1
    Vanadium 0.009 0.009
  • Results
  • Table 3 (and FIG. 1) lists the effects of Aβ infusion and dietary intervention on production and transport potential of acetylcholine. Aβ infusions in diet A fed rats resulted in a reduction of acetylcholine producing cells (ChAT) and in transport capabilities for acetylcholine (VAChT). Feeding diet B completely restored production and transport capacity of acetylcholine to normal levels.
  • TABLE 3
    Results of ChAT and VAChT
    Diet A Diet B
    Sham Abeta Sham Abeta
    ChAT 407.3 ± 29.27 309.4 ± 96.76 395.6 ± 62.6 404.0 ± 102.0
    VAChT 296.3 ± 38.4 228.9 ± 53.31 271.4 ± 65.3 274.8 ± 58.8
  • Discussion and Conclusion
  • Lateral ventricle infusions of Aβ induce a reduction in acetylcholine production and in transport capacity of acetylcholine. These effects were completely diminished by feeding a diet enriched in omega-3 fatty acids, phospholipids, B-vitamins and UMP/choline.
    • Example 2 Ready-to-Use Liquid Product for Improving Cognitive Function in Persons Above 50 Years of Age Providing Per 100 ml
  • Energy 50-120 kcal; Protein 1-10 g; lipids 1-5 g; digestible carbohydrates 4-20 g, and which comprises
  • a—DHA+DPA+EPA=1000-2000 mg
  • b—30-280 mg cysteine or taurine
  • c—100-1000 mg phospholipids
  • d—0.5-3 mg vitamin B6
  • e—50-500 ug folic acid
  • f—1-30 ug vitamin B12
  • g—0.07-2 mg Manganese
  • h—0.07-2 mg molybdenum
    • Example 3 Ready-to-Drink Liquid for Alzheimer Patients that Comprises Per 100 ml
  • Energy 100 kcal
    Protein 3.06 g (casein, whey 80/20)
    Carbohydrates 13.3 g (maltodextrins, sucrose)
    Fat 3.73 g (fish oil, phospholipids)
    Comprising 0.96 g DHA and 0.24 g EPA
    Uridine monophosphate 0.5 g (disodium salt)
    Choline 0.32 g
    Vitamin E 32 mg alpha-tocopherol
    Vitamin C 64 mg
    Selenium 48 μg
    Vitamin B6 0.8 mg
    Folic acid 0.32 mg
    Vitamin B12 2.4 μg
    Magnesium 20 mg
    Zinc 1.2 mg
    Manganese 0.3 mg
    Molybdenum 10 μg

    Also 0.12 g NA, 0.15 g K, 0.12 g Cl, 80 mg Ca, 70 mg P, 1.6 mg Fe, 13.3 μg I, 0.18 mg Cu, 6.7 μg Cr, 0.1 mg F, 0.16 mg vit A, 0.15 mg B1, 0.16 mg B2, 1.8 mg B3, 0.53 mg B5, 0.7 μg D, 4.0 μg biotin and 5.3 μg vitamin K are included.
    • Example 4 Powdered Anti-Allergic Infant Formulae, which Provide after Fresh Reconstitution of 15.4 g Powder Per 100 ml Water
  • Energy 64-80 kcal
    Protein 1.0-2.0 g based exclusively on free amino acids or
    fraction their salts, and which comprises at least
    2 wt % cysteine and 0.2 wt % taurine
    Lipids 2-4 g which provides 2 wt % DHA based on the
    total sum of fatty acids ingredients
    include 5-40 wt % buttermilk fat and
    0.5-8 wt % egg lipids including lecithin
    Nucleotide 1-40 mg Mixture of UMP and yeast extract
    equiv.
    Manganese 65-1000 μg included as salt, in particular MnSO4
    Molybdenum 2.3-300 μg included as salt, in particular molybdate
    salt
    Choline 20-200 mg included as choline salt, in particular
    equiv. choline bitartrate

    In this example the determination of the amount of the additional components that are included, such as Na, K, Cl, Ca, P, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Cr, I, vit A, D, E, K, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, B11, biotine and C follows recommendations for infant formulae. Also myo-inositol was included.
    • Example 5 Product for Patients that Suffer from Depressed Immune Function
  • Liquid ready-to-use product that comprises per 100 ml:
  •
    Energy 630 kJ (or 110 kcal)
    Protein 4.0 g (buttermilk whey/casein 20-80)
    Carbohydrates 12.4 (3 g lactose, maltodextrins, slowly digestible starch)
    Lipids 5.3 (1 g milk fat, 1 g marine oil, 0.6 g egg lipids, 2.7 g
    vegetable oil)
    Manganese 1 mg
    Molydenum 0.1 mg
    Betaine 100 mg
    Fibre 1.0 g (resistant starch, galactooligosaccharides 50/50)

    Na 0.1 g, K 0.2 g, Cl 0.13 g, Ca 0.8, P 0.8, Mg 50 mg, Fe 2.4 mg, Zn 2.4 mg, Cu 0.3 mg, F 0.15, Se 8.6 ug, Cr 10 ug, 120 ug, vit A 0.12 mg RE, D 1.1 ug, E 1.6 mg TE, K 8 ug, B1 0.23 mg, B2 0.24 mg, B3 2.7 mg NE, Pantothenic acid 1.0 mg, B6 0.8 mg, B11 80 ug, B12 0.4 ug, biotin 10 ug, C 12 mg
    • Example 6 Product for Patients Suffering from Cancer, HIV, Bone Marrow Transplantation, Heart Failure or COPD
  • Liquid ready to use composition based on full fat pasteurized milk from sheep or camels, which comprises per 100 ml:
    0.4 g algae oil, 0.4 g Betaine, 0.4 g ribose, and 0.2 g histidine and further Na 50 mg, K 160 mg, Cl 100, Ca 150 mg, P 120 mg, Mg 52 mg, Fe 3 mg, Zn 2.8 mg, Cu 0.4 mg, Mn 3 mg, F 0.2 mg, Mo 200 ug, Se 11 ug, Cr 13 ug, I 25 μg, vitamin A 188 μg RE, D 1.3 μg, E 2.3 mg a-TE,K 10 μg, B1 0.3 mg, B2 0.3 mg, B3 3.4 mg NE, pantothenic acid 2 mg, B6 (as pyridoxal) 0.6 mg, folic acid 100 μg, B12 0.7 μg, biotin 7.5 μg, and dimethylglycine 80 mg.
    • Example 7 Product for Preventing Obesity
  • Liquid product that comprises per 100 ml:
  •
    Energy 336 kJ
    Protein 4.0 g (3.6 g soy protein isolate, 0.2 g aspartate, 0.2 g
    histidine)
    Lipids 4.0 g (dolichol 0.2 g, phospholipids 1 g, milk globule
    membrane enriched fat fraction 0.6 g, marine oil 1.0 g,
    rapeseed oil 0.5 g, sunflower 0.7 g, corn oil 0.5 g)
    Carbohy- 12 g (lactose 2 g, maltodextrins 6 g, slowly digestible
    drates starch 2 g, 2 g sucrose)
    Manganese 1 mg
    Molydenum 0.1 mg
    Betaine 100 mg
    Fibre 1.0 g (resistant starch, galacto-oligosaccharides 50/50)

    Na 0.1 g, K 0.2 g, Cl 0.13 g, Ca 0.8, P 0.8, Mg 50 mg, Fe 2.4 mg, Zn 2.4 mg, Cu 0.3 mg, F 0.15, Se 8.6 μg, Cr 10 μg, 120 μg, vit A 0.12 mg RE, D 1.1 μg, E 1.6 mg TE, K 8 μg, B1 0.23 mg, B2 0.24 mg, B3 2.7 mg NE, Pantothenic acid 1.0 mg, B6 0.8 mg, B11 80 μg, B12 0.4 μg, biotin 10 μg, C 12 mg
    • Example 8 Liquid Ready-to-Use Product for Diabetic Patient Suffering from Neuropathy that Comprises Per 100 ml
  • Protein 4.75 g (Pea protein, buttermilk whey)
    Lipids 3.78 g (fat fraction from sheep milk
    comprising 20% fat globules from small
    size 0.4 g, egg lipids 1 g, vegetable
    oils 1.98 g and 0.4 g marine oils)
    Carbohydrates 11.75 g
    Galactose 1.5
    Palatinose 3.0
    Slowly digestible starch 1.0
    Fructose 0.2
    Maltodextrins 3
    Glucose 2
    Isomalto oligosaccharides 1.05
    Fibres 2.0 g
    Galacto oligosaccharides 1.0
    Resistant starch 0.6
    Cellulose 0.1
    Fructo oligofructose/ 0.3 g
    oligofructose
    Baker's yeast 0.3 g

    Vitamins, minerals according to example 2
    • Example 9
  • Product for Pregnant Women
    Protein 3.06 g (casein, whey 80/20)
    Carbohydrates 13.3 g (maltodextrins, sucrose)
    Fat 3.73 g (fish oil, glycolipids rich fraction from
    sheep milk) comprising 0.96 g DHA and 0.24 g EPA
    Uridine 0.5 g (disodium salt)
    monophosphate
    Dimethyl glycine 0.6 g
    Vitamin E 12 mg alpha-tocopherol
    Vitamin C 24 mg
    Selenium 38 μg
    Vitamin B6 0.8 mg
    Folic acid 0.32 mg
    Vitamin B12 4.4 μg
    Magnesium 30 mg
    Zinc 1.5 mg
    Manganese 0.3 mg
    Molybdenum 20 μg

    Also 0.12 g NA, 0.15 g K, 0.12 g Cl, 80 mg Ca, 70 mg P, 1.6 mg Fe, 13.3 μg I, 0.18 mg Cu, 6.7 μg Cr, 0.1 mg F, 0.16 mg vit A, 0.15 mg B1, 0.16 mg B2, 1.8 mg B3, 0.53 mg B5, 0.7 μg D, 4.0 μg biotin and 5.3 μg vitamin K are included.
    Dimethyl glycine galactose

Claims (20)

1. Use of a lipid fraction, which comprises at least one of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and a uracil source in the manufacture of a composition which is suitable for the nourishment of infants or children and meant for the improvement of growth and development of the nervous system or lung tissue or the treatment of damaged nerve cells.
2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that the composition further comprises a protein fraction, which provides cysteine and/or taurine and a mineral fraction which comprises at least one of manganese and molybdenum
3. The use according claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises at least one compound selected from the group of nucleobases like cytosine, adenine, guanine, thymine, their phosphorylated forms (nucleotides), in particular the mono-phosphorylated forms; and their nucleosides, in particular adenosine, cytidine, thymosin and guanosine.
4. The use according to claim 1, wherein the composition provides 1-37.5 mg or 3.08-115.7 milliMol uracil per kg body weight per day (including free uracil, uridine, UMP, UDP, UTP and/or another compound comprising a uracil moiety).
5. The use according claim 1, wherein the lipid fraction comprises also an ω-6 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (having a carbon chain length of 18 or more) in an amount of 8-30 wt % of the fatty acids.
6. The use according claim 1, wherein the lipid fraction comprises more than 0.01 wt % of at least one component of the group of glycolipids, in particular at least one component selected from the group of gangliosides, sulfatides and sphingomyelin.
7. The use according to claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises a digestible carbohydrate fraction, preferably a source of galactose and/or ribose.
8. The use according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises a lipid fraction which is at least partly originating from a dairy product, from eggs or from the endosperm of plant seeds or beans.
9. The use according to claim 1 wherein the lipid fraction comprises fat globules having a size of 0.001-10 μm.
10. The use according to claim 1 wherein the lipid comprises 1.3-16 wt % phospholipids and/or 0.1-20 wt % glycoproteins and glycolipids.
11. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that the composition comprises a protein fraction which has a weight ratio of aspartate to glutamate of at least 0.42.
12. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that the composition comprises vegetable protein and/or more than 0.18 millimol per day of a methyl donor.
13. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that the composition comprises 4-15 mg myo-inositol
14. The use according to claim 1, wherein the composition is used for the treatment of cerebral palsy.
15. The use according to claim 1, wherein the composition is used for the support of mental development or digestive comfort.
16. The use according to claim 1, wherein at least part of the uracil is provided in the from of one or more nucleotides, in particular UMP.
17. A composition for improving cognitive function in elderly subjects having an energy content of 50-120 kcal, a protein content of 1-10 g, a lipids content of lipids 1-5 g, and a content of digestible carbohydrates of 4-20 g, which comprises:
a) 1000-2000 mg DHA+DPA+EPA
b) 30-280 mg cysteine or taurine
c) 100-1000 mg phospholipids
d) 0.5-3 mg vitamin B6
e) 50-500 ug folic acid
f) 1-30 ug vitamin B12
g) 0.07-2 mg manganese; and
h) 0.07-2 mg molybdenum
18. A powdered anti-allergic infant formulation, which comprises after fresh reconstitution of 15.4 g powder per 100 ml water an energy content of 64-80 kcal, and:
a protein fraction of 1.0-2.0 g, which is based exclusively on free amino acids or their salts, and which comprises at least 2 wt % cysteine and 0.2 wt % taurine;
a lipids fraction of 2-4 g, which comprises 2 wt % DHA based on the total sum of fatty acids, wherein the lipid ingredients include 5-40 wt % buttermilk fat and 0.5-8 wt % egg lipids including lecithin;
a nucleotide fraction of 1-40 mg, which comprises a mixture of UMP and yeast extract;
a mineral fraction of 76.3-1300 μg comprising 65-1000 μg manganese included as salt, in particular MgSO4, and 2.3-300 μg molybdenum included as salt, in particular molybdate salt; and
20-200 mg choline, included as choline salt, in particular choline bitartrate.
19. The use of a composition as defined in claim 1 for improving the function of a mammalian cell, selected from the group of nerve cells, immune cells, stem cells, bone marrow cells and erythrocytes.
20. The use of a composition as defined in claim 1 for preventing obesity in a mammal.
US12/142,993 2005-12-23 2008-06-20 Composition for improving membrane composition and functioning cells Abandoned US20080292724A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20050077972 EP1800675B1 (en) 2005-12-23 2005-12-23 Composition comprising polyunsaturated fatty acids, proteins, manganese and/or molybden and nucleosides/nucleotides for treating dementia
EP05077972.7 2005-12-23
PCT/NL2006/000660 WO2007073177A2 (en) 2005-12-23 2006-12-22 Composition comprising polyunsaturated fatty acids for improving membrane composition

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NL2006/000660 Continuation WO2007073177A2 (en) 2005-12-23 2006-12-22 Composition comprising polyunsaturated fatty acids for improving membrane composition

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20080292724A1 true US20080292724A1 (en) 2008-11-27

Family

ID=36072152

Family Applications (8)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/158,876 Ceased US8119142B2 (en) 2005-12-23 2006-12-22 Infant nutritional compositions for preventing obesity
US12/142,981 Active 2030-04-03 US8497238B2 (en) 2005-12-23 2008-06-20 Composition for improving membrane composition and functioning cells
US12/142,988 Active 2029-05-16 US8546325B2 (en) 2005-12-23 2008-06-20 Composition for improving membrane composition and functioning of cells
US12/142,972 Expired - Fee Related US8076282B2 (en) 2005-12-23 2008-06-20 Composition for improving membrane composition and functioning of cells
US12/142,993 Abandoned US20080292724A1 (en) 2005-12-23 2008-06-20 Composition for improving membrane composition and functioning cells
US13/294,587 Active 2029-01-10 US9463176B2 (en) 2005-12-23 2011-11-11 Composition for improving membrane composition and functioning of cells
US13/933,172 Active US9446014B2 (en) 2005-12-23 2013-07-02 Composition for improving membrane composition and functioning of cells
US14/185,735 Active 2028-03-28 USRE45483E1 (en) 2005-12-23 2014-02-20 Infant nutritional compositions for preventing obesity

Family Applications Before (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/158,876 Ceased US8119142B2 (en) 2005-12-23 2006-12-22 Infant nutritional compositions for preventing obesity
US12/142,981 Active 2030-04-03 US8497238B2 (en) 2005-12-23 2008-06-20 Composition for improving membrane composition and functioning cells
US12/142,988 Active 2029-05-16 US8546325B2 (en) 2005-12-23 2008-06-20 Composition for improving membrane composition and functioning of cells
US12/142,972 Expired - Fee Related US8076282B2 (en) 2005-12-23 2008-06-20 Composition for improving membrane composition and functioning of cells

Family Applications After (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/294,587 Active 2029-01-10 US9463176B2 (en) 2005-12-23 2011-11-11 Composition for improving membrane composition and functioning of cells
US13/933,172 Active US9446014B2 (en) 2005-12-23 2013-07-02 Composition for improving membrane composition and functioning of cells
US14/185,735 Active 2028-03-28 USRE45483E1 (en) 2005-12-23 2014-02-20 Infant nutritional compositions for preventing obesity

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (8) US8119142B2 (en)
EP (13) EP1800675B1 (en)
CN (8) CN101370395A (en)
AR (3) AR058753A1 (en)
AT (1) ATE509624T1 (en)
BR (3) BRPI0620244A2 (en)
DK (1) DK1800675T3 (en)
ES (4) ES2366034T3 (en)
MY (2) MY172306A (en)
PL (4) PL1800675T4 (en)
PT (1) PT1800675E (en)
WO (4) WO2007073177A2 (en)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080292649A1 (en) * 2005-12-23 2008-11-27 N.V. Nutricia Composition for improving membrane composition and functioning of cells
US20090286750A1 (en) * 2008-05-16 2009-11-19 Kasubick Robert V Use of ribose in lessening the clinical symptoms of aberrant firing of neurons
US20100247505A1 (en) * 2007-10-25 2010-09-30 Nutri Co., Ltd. Composition for Reducing the Level of Glucose, Malondialdehyde-Modified LDL, Homocysteine and/or C-Reactive Protein in Blood
US20110097438A1 (en) * 2008-06-16 2011-04-28 N.V. Nutricia Composition with fat gradient
US20110206743A1 (en) * 2008-09-02 2011-08-25 N.V. Nutricia Nutritional compositions with lipid globules with a core comprising vegetable lipids and a coating comprising phospholipids or polar lipids
WO2011115476A1 (en) 2010-03-17 2011-09-22 N.V. Nutricia Infant nutrition for improving fatty acid composition of brain membranes later in life
US8883219B2 (en) 2008-12-11 2014-11-11 N. V. Nutricia Nutritional compositions with coated lipid globules
RU2622999C2 (en) * 2011-03-14 2017-06-21 Н.В. Нютрисиа Method for neurotrauma treatment
US11376222B2 (en) 2013-11-01 2022-07-05 N.V. Nutricia Lipid composition for improving body composition during catch-up growth
US11389403B2 (en) 2015-10-15 2022-07-19 N.V. Nutricia Infant formula with special lipid architecture for promoting healthy growth
US11632974B2 (en) 2016-12-09 2023-04-25 N.V. Nutricia Nutritional composition for improving cell membranes

Families Citing this family (150)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE69904257T2 (en) * 1999-01-20 2003-04-17 N.V. Nutricia, Zoetermeer infant formula
US20090252853A1 (en) * 2005-11-30 2009-10-08 Angel Gil Hernandez Lipid Mixture and Use Thereof in the Preparation of a Product That Is Intended for Enteral or Oral Administration
US20080146579A1 (en) * 2006-12-15 2008-06-19 N.V. Nutricia Treatment of patients with chronic pulmonary diseases and nutritional compositions therefore
US8835396B2 (en) 2006-12-15 2014-09-16 Bioenergy, Inc. Method and compositions for improving pulmonary hypertension
JP5396387B2 (en) * 2007-01-23 2014-01-22 バイオエナジー インコーポレイティド Use of D-ribose to treat cardiac arrhythmias
JP2008189637A (en) * 2007-02-08 2008-08-21 Snow Brand Milk Prod Co Ltd Prophylactic of autoimmune disease
WO2009002145A1 (en) 2007-06-26 2008-12-31 N.V. Nutricia Lipid composition for improving function of brain functioning
WO2009002146A1 (en) 2007-06-26 2008-12-31 N.V. Nutricia Supporting activities of daily living
WO2009002148A1 (en) * 2007-06-27 2008-12-31 N.V. Nutricia Food composition for prodromal dementia patients
NZ599748A (en) * 2007-06-26 2013-11-29 Nutricia Nv Improving memory in subjects with mini-mental state examination of 24-26
DK2190304T3 (en) * 2007-09-17 2012-03-12 Nutricia Nv Nutritional formulation with high energy content
ES2664777T5 (en) 2007-10-04 2021-10-25 Nestle Sa Compositions and methods for improving cognitive function
CN101896119A (en) * 2007-11-02 2010-11-24 麻省理工学院 Uridine dietary supplementation compliance methods and use thereof
WO2009057994A1 (en) * 2007-11-02 2009-05-07 N.V. Nutricia Unit dosage for brain health
KR101562683B1 (en) * 2007-11-19 2015-10-22 유키지루시 메그밀크 가부시키가이샤 Sense-improving agent
EP2222311B1 (en) 2007-12-20 2013-03-27 N.V. Nutricia Liquid nucleotides/nucleosides-containing product
ES2611203T3 (en) * 2007-12-21 2017-05-05 N.V. Nutricia Use of sphingomyelin and non-digestible carbohydrates to improve intestinal microbiota
CA2994586C (en) 2008-01-04 2020-07-21 Nestec S.A. Compositions comprising unsaturated fatty acids and nitric oxide releasing compounds and use thereof for enhancing cognitive and related functions
WO2009127073A1 (en) * 2008-04-18 2009-10-22 Gen Sod2 Foundation Cosmetic preparation tailored to an individual and method for the production thereof
EP2143341A1 (en) 2008-07-08 2010-01-13 Nestec S.A. Nutritional Composition Containing Oligosaccharide Mixture
EP3578177A1 (en) 2008-09-02 2019-12-11 Amarin Pharmaceuticals Ireland Limited Pharmaceutical composition comprising eicosapentaenoic acid and nicotinic acid and methods of using same
NZ571856A (en) * 2008-10-09 2011-02-25 Fonterra Corporate Res And Dev Ltd Use of a phospholipid and ganglioside composition for the treatment or prevention of gout
KR20110098909A (en) * 2008-11-14 2011-09-02 보미 피. 팜로즈 A method of lowering circulating oxidized low density lipoprotein-beta-2-glycoprotein 1 complex for treatment of atherosclerosis
EP2452574A1 (en) * 2010-11-15 2012-05-16 Nestec S.A. Age-tailored nutritional formula with particularly adapted caloric density for young infants
EP2596786B1 (en) 2009-02-10 2019-11-27 Amarin Pharmaceuticals Ireland Limited Use of eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester for treating hypertriglyceridemia
WO2010095926A1 (en) 2009-02-20 2010-08-26 N.V. Nutricia Use of reveratrol for preserving cognitive functioning
WO2010104374A1 (en) * 2009-03-09 2010-09-16 N.V. Nutricia Nutritional composition inducing a postprandial endocrine response
ES2345241B1 (en) 2009-03-16 2011-09-08 Lipopharma Therapeutics USE OF 2-HYDROXIDERIVATES OF POLYINSATURATED FATTY ACIDS AS MEDICINES.
EP3563842A1 (en) 2009-04-29 2019-11-06 Amarin Pharmaceuticals Ireland Limited Pharmaceutical compositions comprising epa and a cardiovascular agent and methods of using the same
RU2538691C2 (en) 2009-04-29 2015-01-10 Амарин Фарма, Инк. Stable pharmaceutical compositions and methods for using them
CA2761444C (en) * 2009-05-11 2018-04-24 Nestec S.A. Lactobacillus johnsonii la1 ncc533 (cncm i-1225) and immune disorders
WO2010134800A1 (en) * 2009-05-19 2010-11-25 N.V. Nutricia Human milk fortifier with high protein and long chain poly unsaturated fatty acids for improving body adipose tissue distribution
WO2010137944A1 (en) 2009-05-27 2010-12-02 N.V. Nutricia Treatment of hypercalcaemia
LT3318255T (en) 2009-06-15 2021-05-25 Amarin Pharmaceuticals Ireland Limited Compositions and methods for treating stroke in a subject on concomitant statin therapy
WO2011021926A1 (en) 2009-08-21 2011-02-24 N.V. Nutricia Regulating the amino acid pool used for the acute-phase protein synthesis
CA2775339C (en) 2009-09-23 2017-03-28 Amarin Corporation Plc Pharmaceutical composition comprising omega-3 fatty acid and hydroxy-derivative of a statin and methods of using same
EP2503906B1 (en) * 2009-11-25 2016-03-30 Nestec S.A. Nutritional compositions including a high protein component and exogenous nucleotides
WO2011071365A1 (en) * 2009-12-07 2011-06-16 N.V. Nutricia Balanced fat composition and use thereof in a liquid nutritional composition suitable for enteral feeding
EP2554057A4 (en) * 2010-03-31 2013-12-18 Vegenat S A Enteral or oral food product intended, in particular, for nutrition and for the prevention and improvement of neurological alterations, neurodegenerative alterations or cognitive disorders
US20130172286A1 (en) * 2010-03-31 2013-07-04 Vegenat, S.A. Functional Food Supplement Intended, In Particular, For Nutrition And For Prevention And Improvement of Neurological Alterations, Neurodegenerative Alterations Or Cognitive Disorders
JP2013529193A (en) * 2010-04-26 2013-07-18 ネステク ソシエテ アノニム Nutritional composition and method for withdrawal from parenteral nutrition to enteral nutrition
WO2012030208A1 (en) * 2010-09-03 2012-03-08 N.V. Nutricia Method and preparation for the treatment or prevention of anxiety or neurogenesis
EP2627326A2 (en) * 2010-10-12 2013-08-21 Vifor SA Novel omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid compositions and uses thereof
NZ744990A (en) 2010-11-29 2019-10-25 Amarin Pharmaceuticals Ie Ltd Low eructation composition and methods for treating and/or preventing cardiovascular disease in a subject with fish allergy/hypersensitivity
US11712429B2 (en) 2010-11-29 2023-08-01 Amarin Pharmaceuticals Ireland Limited Low eructation composition and methods for treating and/or preventing cardiovascular disease in a subject with fish allergy/hypersensitivity
WO2012091542A1 (en) 2010-12-28 2012-07-05 N.V. Nutricia Combination of components for the prevention and treatment of frailty
ES2875458T3 (en) * 2010-12-29 2021-11-10 Abbott Lab Nutritional product for use in reducing the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in an infant, young child, or child
CA2827579A1 (en) * 2011-02-16 2012-08-23 Pivotal Therapeutics, Inc. Omega 3 formulations comprising epa, dha and dpa for treatment of risk factors for cardiovascular disease
JP2014505730A (en) * 2011-02-16 2014-03-06 ピヴォタル セラピューティクス インコーポレイテッド Formulation containing ω3 fatty acid and anti-obesity agent for weight loss in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetics
US9119826B2 (en) 2011-02-16 2015-09-01 Pivotal Therapeutics, Inc. Omega 3 fatty acid for use as a prescription medical food and omega 3 fatty acid diagniostic assay for the dietary management of cardiovascular patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) who are deficient in blood EPA and DHA levels
US8951514B2 (en) 2011-02-16 2015-02-10 Pivotal Therapeutics Inc. Statin and omega 3 fatty acids for reduction of apolipoprotein-B levels
US8952000B2 (en) 2011-02-16 2015-02-10 Pivotal Therapeutics Inc. Cholesterol absorption inhibitor and omega 3 fatty acids for the reduction of cholesterol and for the prevention or reduction of cardiovascular, cardiac and vascular events
US20120302639A1 (en) * 2011-02-16 2012-11-29 Pivotal Therapeutics Inc. Omega 3 formulations for treatment of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and protection against sudden death
CA2827555A1 (en) * 2011-02-16 2012-08-23 Pivotal Therapeutics, Inc. Cholesterol absorption inhibitor (azetidinone) and omega 3 fatty acids (epa, dha, dpa) for the reduction of cholesterol and for the reduction of cardiovascular events
JP2014506891A (en) * 2011-02-16 2014-03-20 ピヴォタル セラピューティクス インコーポレイテッド Ω3 fatty acid diagnostic assay for dietary management of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD)
WO2012112531A1 (en) * 2011-02-16 2012-08-23 Pivotal Therapeutics, Inc. Statin and omega 3 fatty acids (epa, dha and dpa) for use in cardiovascular diseases
US8715648B2 (en) * 2011-02-16 2014-05-06 Pivotal Therapeutics Inc. Method for treating obesity with anti-obesity formulations and omega 3 fatty acids for the reduction of body weight in cardiovascular disease patients (CVD) and diabetics
EP2685987B1 (en) * 2011-03-18 2019-04-24 Nestec S.A. Compositions and methods useful for ameliorating age related maladies
WO2012173467A1 (en) * 2011-06-16 2012-12-20 N.V. Nutricia Metabolic imprinting effects of specifically designed lipid component
WO2013016171A1 (en) * 2011-07-22 2013-01-31 Nestec S.A. Methods for reducing childhood obesity and for calculating childhood obesity risk
WO2013036102A1 (en) * 2011-09-08 2013-03-14 N.V. Nutricia Use of infant formula with cholesterol
WO2013036103A1 (en) * 2011-09-08 2013-03-14 N.V. Nutricia Use of infant formula with large lipid globules
WO2013066152A1 (en) 2011-10-31 2013-05-10 N.V. Nutricia Method for improving executive function
WO2013066151A1 (en) * 2011-10-31 2013-05-10 N.V. Nutricia Improving recognition
US11291643B2 (en) 2011-11-07 2022-04-05 Amarin Pharmaceuticals Ireland Limited Methods of treating hypertriglyceridemia
EP2775837A4 (en) 2011-11-07 2015-10-28 Amarin Pharmaceuticals Ie Ltd Methods of treating hypertriglyceridemia
MX2014007936A (en) 2011-12-27 2014-07-30 Abbott Lab Use of reduced calorie infant formula containing nucleotides and/or carotenoids for reducing adverse health effects later in life.
EP2800469B1 (en) 2012-01-06 2021-08-25 Amarin Pharmaceuticals Ireland Limited Compositions and methods for lowering levels of high-sensitivity (hs-crp) in a subject
US20150044138A1 (en) * 2012-03-02 2015-02-12 N.V. Nutricia Method for improving functional synaptic connectivity
EP2897471A1 (en) * 2012-03-16 2015-07-29 Wright, Jennifer Hemp-based infant formula and methods of making same
SE536599C3 (en) 2012-04-10 2017-01-10 Hero Ag Nutritional composition with low calorie and low protein content
EP4342546A3 (en) 2012-06-29 2024-05-22 Amarin Pharmaceuticals Ireland Limited Methods of reducing the risk of a cardiovascular event in a subject on statin therapy
EP2708146A1 (en) * 2012-09-17 2014-03-19 Abbott Laboratories, Inc. Nutritional composition for pregnant women with a beneficial glucose and insulin profile
US20150265566A1 (en) 2012-11-06 2015-09-24 Amarin Pharmaceuticals Ireland Limited Compositions and Methods for Lowering Triglycerides without Raising LDL-C Levels in a Subject on Concomitant Statin Therapy
US9814733B2 (en) 2012-12-31 2017-11-14 A,arin Pharmaceuticals Ireland Limited Compositions comprising EPA and obeticholic acid and methods of use thereof
US20140187633A1 (en) 2012-12-31 2014-07-03 Amarin Pharmaceuticals Ireland Limited Methods of treating or preventing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and/or primary biliary cirrhosis
US20140199265A1 (en) * 2013-01-11 2014-07-17 Mead Johnson Nutrition Company Nutritional compositions containing a neurologic component and uses thereof
US9452151B2 (en) 2013-02-06 2016-09-27 Amarin Pharmaceuticals Ireland Limited Methods of reducing apolipoprotein C-III
US9624492B2 (en) 2013-02-13 2017-04-18 Amarin Pharmaceuticals Ireland Limited Compositions comprising eicosapentaenoic acid and mipomersen and methods of use thereof
US9662307B2 (en) 2013-02-19 2017-05-30 The Regents Of The University Of Colorado Compositions comprising eicosapentaenoic acid and a hydroxyl compound and methods of use thereof
US20140255537A1 (en) * 2013-03-11 2014-09-11 Mead Johnson Nutrition Company Nutritional Compositions Containing an Enriched Lipid Fraction and Uses Thereof
US9980506B2 (en) 2013-03-11 2018-05-29 Mead Johnson Nutrition Co. Nutritional compositions containing structured fat globules and uses thereof
US9661874B2 (en) * 2013-03-11 2017-05-30 Mead Johnson Nutrition Company Nutritional compositions containing structured fat globules and uses thereof
US10455854B2 (en) 2013-03-11 2019-10-29 Mead Johnson Nutrition Company Nutritional compositions containing structured fat globules and uses thereof
US9283201B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2016-03-15 Amarin Pharmaceuticals Ireland Limited Compositions and methods for treating or preventing obesity in a subject in need thereof
US20140271841A1 (en) 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Amarin Pharmaceuticals Ireland Limited Pharmaceutical composition comprising eicosapentaenoic acid and derivatives thereof and a statin
US9138455B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2015-09-22 Mead Johnson Nutrition Company Activating adiponectin by casein hydrolysate
US9289461B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-03-22 Mead Johnson Nutrition Company Reducing the risk of autoimmune disease
US9345727B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-05-24 Mead Johnson Nutrition Company Nutritional compositions containing a peptide component and uses thereof
US9345741B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-05-24 Mead Johnson Nutrition Company Nutritional composition containing a peptide component with adiponectin simulating properties and uses thereof
US9352020B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-05-31 Mead Johnson Nutrition Company Reducing proinflammatory response
US8889633B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2014-11-18 Mead Johnson Nutrition Company Nutritional compositions containing a peptide component with anti-inflammatory properties and uses thereof
US10335412B2 (en) * 2013-04-10 2019-07-02 Energenesis Biomedical Co., Ltd Method for activating AMPK and the use of adenine
WO2014171813A1 (en) * 2013-04-17 2014-10-23 N.V. Nutricia Nutritional composition for improving brain function in phenylketonuria
US20140328970A1 (en) * 2013-05-03 2014-11-06 Mead Johnson Nutrition Company Nutritional Composition Comprising Whey and Hydrolyzed Casein and Uses Thereof
US10966968B2 (en) 2013-06-06 2021-04-06 Amarin Pharmaceuticals Ireland Limited Co-administration of rosiglitazone and eicosapentaenoic acid or a derivative thereof
CN105324037B (en) * 2013-07-03 2018-02-23 荷兰联合利华有限公司 The flavor enhancing composition and its manufacture method in potato source
RU2532283C1 (en) * 2013-07-12 2014-11-10 Наталья Николаевна Пыхтина Method of treating fine motor delay in infants
US9609888B2 (en) 2013-07-31 2017-04-04 Mead Johnson Nutrition Company Nutritional compositions containing synergistic combination and uses thereof
US10709770B2 (en) 2013-07-31 2020-07-14 Mead Johnson Nutrition Company Nutritional compositions containing a prebiotic and lactoferrin and uses thereof
US20150065572A1 (en) 2013-09-04 2015-03-05 Amarin Pharmaceuticals Ireland Limited Methods of treating or preventing prostate cancer
US9585859B2 (en) 2013-10-10 2017-03-07 Amarin Pharmaceuticals Ireland Limited Compositions and methods for lowering triglycerides without raising LDL-C levels in a subject on concomitant statin therapy
RU2687038C1 (en) 2013-11-29 2019-05-06 Нестек С.А. Nutritional compositions with different protein content corresponding to age requirements
FR3015860B1 (en) * 2013-12-30 2019-08-16 Pronokal Health Group, Sociedad Limitada DIET FOOD COMPOSITION FOR REDUCING LOW AND LONG-TERM LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION COMPRISING DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID
CN104721174B (en) * 2014-01-15 2016-08-24 南通大学 The new application of multiprenylmenaquinone compounds
WO2015115885A1 (en) 2014-01-31 2015-08-06 N.V. Nutricia Method for reducing white matter lesions, white matter hyperintensities (wmh), leukoaraiosis or periventricular white matter disease in elderly
GB201405033D0 (en) 2014-03-20 2014-05-07 Isis Innovation Combination therapy
SG10201808984WA (en) * 2014-04-14 2018-11-29 Nutricia Nv Method for assessing and treating or preventing impaired plasma polar lipid levels
WO2015160233A1 (en) * 2014-04-14 2015-10-22 N.V. Nutricia Method for assessing and treating or preventing impaired plasma polar lipid levels
US10561631B2 (en) 2014-06-11 2020-02-18 Amarin Pharmaceuticals Ireland Limited Methods of reducing RLP-C
WO2015195662A1 (en) 2014-06-16 2015-12-23 Amarin Pharmaceuticals Ireland Limited Methods of reducing or preventing oxidation of small dense ldl or membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids
WO2016083362A1 (en) * 2014-11-25 2016-06-02 Fonden For Helene Elsass Centeret Composition for improving cognitive functions
US20160302451A1 (en) 2015-04-16 2016-10-20 Michael Hudnall Medical Food for Patients with Chronic Liver Disease
US10582714B2 (en) 2015-07-10 2020-03-10 Mead Johnson Nutrition Company Nutritional compositions and methods for promoting cognitive development
EP3190099B1 (en) 2015-09-14 2020-10-28 Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam - Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ Stiftung des Öffentlichen Rechts des Lands Brandenburg Novel fatty acid and their use
WO2017069613A1 (en) * 2015-10-23 2017-04-27 N.V. Nutricia Method for improving recognition and/or working memory in hyperphenylalanimenia and phenylketonuria patients
JP6423811B2 (en) * 2016-02-29 2018-11-14 ファナック株式会社 Numerical control device that can change machining conditions according to machining information
WO2017155386A1 (en) * 2016-03-08 2017-09-14 N.V. Nutricia Method for treating brain atrophy
WO2017155387A1 (en) 2016-03-08 2017-09-14 N.V. Nutricia Method for supporting memory function and/or cognitive function
US10406130B2 (en) 2016-03-15 2019-09-10 Amarin Pharmaceuticals Ireland Limited Methods of reducing or preventing oxidation of small dense LDL or membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids
WO2017176109A1 (en) 2016-04-04 2017-10-12 N.V. Nutricia Method for reducing or preventing global developmental delay in children
CN109310662A (en) * 2016-04-18 2019-02-05 N·V·努特里奇亚 For reducing cognition decline/nerve to occur reduction linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid of the induction of life early-life stress
WO2017213490A1 (en) 2016-06-10 2017-12-14 N.V. Nutricia Method for controlling neuroinflammation
WO2018038599A1 (en) * 2016-08-23 2018-03-01 N.V. Nutricia Product and method for increasing uridine concentration in blood plasma
JOP20190073A1 (en) 2016-10-31 2019-04-07 Taiho Pharmaceutical Co Ltd Selective inhibitor of exon 20 insertion mutant egfr
CN108148801A (en) * 2016-12-06 2018-06-12 深圳先进技术研究院 The method of the inhibitory cells in polyunsaturated fatty acid amplification in vitro medullary system source
US10500206B2 (en) 2017-03-13 2019-12-10 Energenesis Biomedical Co., Ltd. Method for enhancing wound healing by administrating adenine
TW201900160A (en) 2017-05-19 2019-01-01 愛爾蘭商艾瑪琳製藥愛爾蘭有限公司 Compositions and Methods for Lowering Triglycerides in a Subject Having Reduced Kidney Function
DK3677266T5 (en) 2017-09-01 2024-08-26 Taiho Pharmaceutical Co Ltd EXON-18 AND/OR EXON-21 MUTANT EGFR SELECTIVE INHIBITOR
TWI751379B (en) * 2017-09-21 2022-01-01 奧孟亞股份有限公司 Pharmaceutical composition for delivery of peptide
US11058661B2 (en) 2018-03-02 2021-07-13 Amarin Pharmaceuticals Ireland Limited Compositions and methods for lowering triglycerides in a subject on concomitant statin therapy and having hsCRP levels of at least about 2 mg/L
FI4056176T3 (en) 2018-09-24 2024-05-30 Amarin Pharmaceuticals Ie Ltd Methods of reducing the risk of cardiovascular events in a subject
CN109395084A (en) * 2018-11-14 2019-03-01 威海市千谷生物科技有限公司 A kind of fat melting line and fat melting liquid and the method for weight-reducing of sunkening cord using it
CN109527094A (en) * 2018-12-27 2019-03-29 安徽康博特保健食品有限公司 Maternal nutritional packet special diet albumen powder and preparation method thereof
CA3139087A1 (en) * 2019-05-14 2020-11-19 Hadasit Medical Research Services & Development Ltd. Milk derived extracellular vesicles for use in treating inflammatory bowel disease
US20220248701A1 (en) * 2019-05-20 2022-08-11 Aak Ab (Publ) Increasing stability of lc-pufa
US12005083B1 (en) 2019-06-24 2024-06-11 PBM Nutritionals, LLC Nutritional compositions with MFGM and certain human milk oligosaccharides and uses thereof
US11849747B1 (en) 2019-06-24 2023-12-26 PBM Nutritionals, LLC Nutritional compositions with MFGM and certain human milk oligosaccharides and uses thereof
WO2021019580A1 (en) * 2019-07-26 2021-02-04 Prosol S.P.A. Composition comprising 5'-ribonucleotides for use in the treatment of alzheimer's disease
AU2020325063A1 (en) * 2019-08-08 2022-03-24 Swinburne University Of Technology Uses of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids
GB202205592D0 (en) * 2019-10-29 2022-06-01 Aak Ab Publ Nutritional composition comprising milk and egg phospholipids
CN110840873A (en) * 2019-11-28 2020-02-28 广东海洋大学 Application of docosapentaenoic acid in preparing medicine for preventing and treating schizophrenia
IT202000009700A1 (en) * 2020-05-04 2021-11-04 Parthenogen Sagl COMBINATION OF MICRONUTRIENTS TO STIMULATE THE ENDOGENOUS PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE (H2S)
AU2022263358A1 (en) 2021-04-21 2023-11-30 Amarin Pharmaceuticals Ireland Limited Methods of reducing the risk of heart failure
EP4094591A1 (en) * 2021-05-28 2022-11-30 Fonterra Co-Operative Group Limited Food supplement
CN117956908A (en) * 2021-09-17 2024-04-30 N·V·努特里奇亚 Solid composition suitable as a nutritional composition or supplement for animals suffering from brain related disorders, decay or diseases
CN114965764A (en) * 2022-05-18 2022-08-30 陕西安宁云生生物技术有限公司 Diagnosis and treatment of constipation
CN115227706B (en) * 2022-06-08 2023-12-29 陈玉松 Application of nucleotide 5' -monophosphate composition in preparation of fat-reducing and weight-losing functional foods and medicines
CN115006345B (en) * 2022-06-28 2023-11-28 上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院 Preparation method and application of oral zero-valent molybdenum nano dots
WO2024003377A1 (en) * 2022-07-01 2024-01-04 N.V. Nutricia Nutritional composition for stroke

Citations (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4758553A (en) * 1983-12-09 1988-07-19 Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc. Compositions of nucletic acid components for nutritional replenishment
US5066500A (en) * 1987-05-29 1991-11-19 Union Industrial Y Agro-Ganadera, S. A. (Uniasa) Infant formulas and nutrition products enriched with nucleosides and/or nucleotides and processes for their preparation
US5223285A (en) * 1992-03-31 1993-06-29 Abbott Laboratories Nutritional product for pulmonary patients
US5231085A (en) * 1988-10-31 1993-07-27 Sandoz Ltd. Compositions and methods for the enhancement of host defense mechanisms
US5272138A (en) * 1988-02-12 1993-12-21 The Biomembrane Institute Naturally occurring gangliosides containing de-N-acetyl-sialic acid and their applications as modifiers of cell physiology
US5635199A (en) * 1995-10-27 1997-06-03 Nestec Ltd. Support of pediatric patients
US6187761B1 (en) * 1996-08-12 2001-02-13 Gist-Brocades B.V. Production and use of compositions comprising high concentrations of vitamin B12 activity
US6339085B1 (en) * 1999-03-08 2002-01-15 The University Of Manitoba Therapeutics for cardiovascular and related diseases
US6391362B1 (en) * 1996-08-27 2002-05-21 Ronald C. Gorewit Bulk preparation of milk fat globule membranes
US20020137796A1 (en) * 1997-03-27 2002-09-26 Schade Deborah A Use of docosahexanoic acid and arachidonic acid enhancing the growth of preterm infants
US6548519B1 (en) * 2001-07-06 2003-04-15 Medicure International Inc. Pyridoxine and pyridoxal analogues: novel uses
US6586614B2 (en) * 2001-02-27 2003-07-01 Rhodia Consumer Specialties Limited Production of aromatic phosphites
US6753350B1 (en) * 2003-03-24 2004-06-22 Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Method to reduce the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants
US6824809B2 (en) * 1998-03-20 2004-11-30 Institut National De La Recherche Agronomique Products, in particular, milk products, comprising selected fractions of fat globules, method for obtaining same and uses
US20050009779A1 (en) * 2001-11-14 2005-01-13 Kiliaan Amanda Johanne Preparation for improving the action of receptors
US20050176676A1 (en) * 1998-07-31 2005-08-11 Carol Watkins Uridine administration stimulates membrane production
US20050203053A1 (en) * 1999-07-30 2005-09-15 Wurtman Richard J. Uridine administration improves phosphatide synthesis, synaptic transmission and cogntive function
US7090879B2 (en) * 2004-03-18 2006-08-15 Abbott Laboratories Nutritional formula containing select carotenoid combinations
US8076282B2 (en) * 2005-12-23 2011-12-13 N.V. Nutricia Composition for improving membrane composition and functioning of cells

Family Cites Families (74)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES507187A0 (en) 1981-11-16 1983-01-01 Union Ind Y Agro Ganader S A U PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING AN ADDITIONAL HUMANIZED MILK OF NUCLEOTIDES FOR CHILD FEEDING.
JPS6163624A (en) * 1984-09-05 1986-04-01 Nisshin Oil Mills Ltd:The Production of glycolipid of high eicosapentaenoic acid content
DE3603000A1 (en) * 1986-01-31 1987-08-06 Milupa Ag NEW FATTY MIXTURE OF POLYENIC ACID AND THEIR USE IN THE PRODUCTION OF INFANT FOODS
WO1988008259A1 (en) 1987-05-01 1988-11-03 Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Nutritive emulsion preparation
AU769645B2 (en) 1987-05-29 2004-01-29 Abbott Laboratories Nourishing products enriched with nucleosides and/or nucleotides for infants and adults and processes for their preparation
ZA885473B (en) * 1987-08-07 1989-03-29 Century Lab Inc Free fatty acids for treatment of diabetes mellitus
DE3734147C2 (en) 1987-10-09 1998-10-29 Braun Melsungen Ag Isotonic omega-3 fatty acid-containing fat emulsion and its use
JP2524217B2 (en) * 1988-04-18 1996-08-14 マルハ株式会社 Brain function improving composition, learning ability enhancing agent, memory enhancing agent, dementia preventive agent or dementia therapeutic agent
EP0367724B1 (en) * 1988-10-31 1993-02-10 Sandoz Nutrition Ltd. Improvements in or relating to organic compounds
ES2033193B1 (en) 1990-10-30 1994-01-16 Ganadera Union Ind Agro FAT MIXTURE FOR CHILD AND ADULT NUTRITION.
IT1244770B (en) 1991-03-12 1994-08-08 Cem Spa DEVICE FOR THE ORDERING OF MODULES PRINTED ON A CONTINUOUS STRIP
US5308832A (en) * 1992-07-27 1994-05-03 Abbott Laboratories Nutritional product for persons having a neurological injury
CA2162042C (en) * 1993-05-28 1999-02-23 Frederick Oliver Cope Enteral nutritional product
US5602109A (en) 1994-01-10 1997-02-11 Abbott Laboratories Method to enhance the immune system of a human
WO1995018618A2 (en) 1994-01-10 1995-07-13 Abbott Lab Enteral formula with ribo-nucleotides
JP3117145B2 (en) * 1994-02-04 2000-12-11 スコーツイア・リピツドテクニク・アクチエボラーグ Oil-in-water emulsion
GB9403935D0 (en) * 1994-03-01 1994-04-20 Sandoz Nutrition Ltd Improvements in or relating to organic compounds
EP0711503A3 (en) * 1994-11-14 1997-11-26 Scotia Holdings Plc Milk fortified with GLA and/or DGLA
DE19510765A1 (en) 1995-03-24 1996-09-26 Alexander Buehlbaecker Process for the production of premature, infant and diet foods
CN1058845C (en) * 1996-01-31 2000-11-29 高世虎 Nutrient-enriched soy milk powder and its preparing method
US5895652A (en) * 1996-07-29 1999-04-20 Longevity Institute International Method of metabolic adjuvanation and cellular repair
WO1998006277A1 (en) 1996-08-13 1998-02-19 Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Nutritional formulas supplemented with nucleotides, and processes thereof
JP4034370B2 (en) * 1996-09-27 2008-01-16 雪印乳業株式会社 Brain function improving agent and nutritional composition
US6194009B1 (en) * 1996-11-22 2001-02-27 Princeton Nutrition, Llc Refrigeration-shelf-stable ultra-pasteurized or pasteurized infant formula
CA2223198A1 (en) * 1997-01-14 1998-07-14 Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. Composition and method for treatment of inflammatory conditions of the gastro-intestinal tract
EP0891719A1 (en) * 1997-07-14 1999-01-20 N.V. Nutricia Nutritional composition containing methionine
DE19757414A1 (en) * 1997-12-23 1999-07-01 Nutricia Nv Fat blend
US6194379B1 (en) * 1998-05-01 2001-02-27 Abbott Laboratories Elemental enteral formula
CN1239644A (en) 1998-06-19 1999-12-29 张士林 Natural nutriment
DE69941586D1 (en) 1998-07-31 2009-12-03 Massachusetts Inst Technology Use of uridine in combination with choline for the treatment of memory disorders
US6077558A (en) * 1998-12-23 2000-06-20 Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Elemental nutritional products
DE69904257T2 (en) * 1999-01-20 2003-04-17 N.V. Nutricia, Zoetermeer infant formula
US6723737B1 (en) * 1999-10-20 2004-04-20 Eliezer Rapaport Methods, pharmaceutical and therapeutic compostions for administering adenosine
US6586414B2 (en) 2000-03-28 2003-07-01 Medicure International Inc. Treatment of cerebrovascular disease
US6495599B2 (en) * 2000-04-13 2002-12-17 Abbott Laboratories Infant formulas containing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and uses therof
US6787761B2 (en) * 2000-11-27 2004-09-07 Surromed, Inc. Median filter for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry data
US6511696B2 (en) 2000-12-13 2003-01-28 Novartis Nutrition Ag Infant formula with free amino acids and nucleotides
US6620427B2 (en) 2001-04-24 2003-09-16 Abbott Laboratories Method for improving bone mineralization
CN1537009A (en) 2001-04-25 2004-10-13 �ư������������޹�˾ Method for treating or preventing functional vitamin B12 dificiency in individual and to medical compositions for use in said method
ATE322831T1 (en) * 2001-05-23 2006-04-15 Nutricopia Inc FROZEN NUTRITIONAL SWEETS AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF
WO2003003981A2 (en) * 2001-07-05 2003-01-16 Vital Basics, Inc. Compositions for improving mental performance
US20050019372A1 (en) 2001-07-10 2005-01-27 Barbara E Corkey Modified-fat nutritional products useful preventing or treating obesity
EP1279400A1 (en) 2001-07-25 2003-01-29 Target Hit sa Modifying the fatty acid composition of cell membranes of organs and tissues
GB2381451A (en) 2001-11-01 2003-05-07 New Technology Res Ltd Pharmaco-dietary preparation having nutrition-supplementing and nutrition-enhancing effect
US20040048926A1 (en) 2002-03-15 2004-03-11 Hoffman Dennis Robert Use of docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid to enhance the visual development of term infants breast-fed up to the age of six months
WO2004002232A1 (en) * 2002-06-28 2004-01-08 Theuer Richard C Fat compositions for infant formula and methods therefor
US20040087490A1 (en) * 2002-09-20 2004-05-06 Troup John P. Nutritional compositions
WO2004028529A1 (en) 2002-09-24 2004-04-08 Suntory Limited Composition with effects of decline prevention, improvement or enhancement of normal responses of cognitive abilities of a healthy person
ATE419759T1 (en) 2002-10-10 2009-01-15 Wyeth Corp READY TO KNOW BABY FOOD CONTAINING NUCLEOTIDES
EP1426053A1 (en) 2002-12-03 2004-06-09 Fresenius Kabi Deutschland GmbH Use of amphiphilic lipids for reducing tumor metastasis
US7867541B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2011-01-11 Mead Johnson Nutrition Company Compositions and methods of formulation for enteral formulas containing sialic acid
US6926167B2 (en) 2003-06-23 2005-08-09 Lazhar Mazlout Carton dispensing machine
PL1638416T3 (en) 2003-06-23 2013-09-30 Nestec Sa Use of a nutritional formula for optimal gut barrier function
US20070031537A1 (en) * 2003-06-23 2007-02-08 Marie-Cristene Secretin Infant or follow-on formula
GB0314624D0 (en) * 2003-06-23 2003-07-30 Advanced Bionutrition Europ Lt Inflammatory disease treatment
WO2005000040A1 (en) * 2003-06-24 2005-01-06 University Of Kansas Medical Center Infant formula
EP1665940A4 (en) 2003-09-02 2011-01-19 Bbk Bio Corp Diet food
GB0321996D0 (en) 2003-09-19 2003-10-22 Novartis Nutrition Ag Organic compounds
IL158554A0 (en) * 2003-10-22 2004-05-12 Enzymotec Ltd Mimetic lipids as dietary supplements
SE0303513D0 (en) * 2003-12-19 2003-12-19 Pronova Biocare As Use of a fatty acid composition comprising at least one of epa and any or any combination thereof
WO2005063050A1 (en) 2003-12-19 2005-07-14 Abbott Laboratories Method of increasing lean body mass and reducing body fat mass in infants
EP1566439A1 (en) * 2004-02-20 2005-08-24 Nestec S.A. Preventing or treating obesity
US8252769B2 (en) 2004-06-22 2012-08-28 N. V. Nutricia Intestinal barrier integrity
EP1723951A1 (en) * 2005-04-21 2006-11-22 N.V. Nutricia Nutritional supplement with oligosaccharides for a category of HIV patients
NZ552706A (en) * 2004-07-19 2011-01-28 Nutricia Nv Use of aspartate for regulating glucose levels in blood
EP1634599A1 (en) * 2004-08-20 2006-03-15 N.V. Nutricia Iimmune stimulatory infant nutrition
WO2006057551A1 (en) 2004-11-26 2006-06-01 N.V. Nutricia Infant nutrition with protease inhibitor
HU227588B1 (en) * 2004-12-03 2011-09-28 Sinnex Mueszaki Fejlesztoe Es Tanacsado Kft Antiviral and immunostimulant pharmaceutical composition containing polyunsaturated fatty acid esters
PT1841330E (en) 2004-12-27 2011-03-14 Nestec Sa Use of infant formula with reduced protein content
ES2524344T3 (en) * 2005-02-28 2014-12-05 N.V. Nutricia Nutritive composition with probiotics
EP1714660A1 (en) 2005-04-21 2006-10-25 N.V. Nutricia Uronic acid and probiotics
EP1776877A1 (en) 2005-10-21 2007-04-25 N.V. Nutricia Method for stimulating the intestinal flora
US7829126B2 (en) * 2005-10-26 2010-11-09 Abbott Laboratories Infant formulas containing docosahexaenoic acid and lutein
EP1803358A1 (en) * 2005-12-28 2007-07-04 Laboratorios Ordesa, S.L Infant immunological formula

Patent Citations (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4758553A (en) * 1983-12-09 1988-07-19 Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc. Compositions of nucletic acid components for nutritional replenishment
US5066500A (en) * 1987-05-29 1991-11-19 Union Industrial Y Agro-Ganadera, S. A. (Uniasa) Infant formulas and nutrition products enriched with nucleosides and/or nucleotides and processes for their preparation
US5272138A (en) * 1988-02-12 1993-12-21 The Biomembrane Institute Naturally occurring gangliosides containing de-N-acetyl-sialic acid and their applications as modifiers of cell physiology
US5231085A (en) * 1988-10-31 1993-07-27 Sandoz Ltd. Compositions and methods for the enhancement of host defense mechanisms
US5223285A (en) * 1992-03-31 1993-06-29 Abbott Laboratories Nutritional product for pulmonary patients
US5635199A (en) * 1995-10-27 1997-06-03 Nestec Ltd. Support of pediatric patients
US6187761B1 (en) * 1996-08-12 2001-02-13 Gist-Brocades B.V. Production and use of compositions comprising high concentrations of vitamin B12 activity
US6391362B1 (en) * 1996-08-27 2002-05-21 Ronald C. Gorewit Bulk preparation of milk fat globule membranes
US20020137796A1 (en) * 1997-03-27 2002-09-26 Schade Deborah A Use of docosahexanoic acid and arachidonic acid enhancing the growth of preterm infants
US6824809B2 (en) * 1998-03-20 2004-11-30 Institut National De La Recherche Agronomique Products, in particular, milk products, comprising selected fractions of fat globules, method for obtaining same and uses
US20050176676A1 (en) * 1998-07-31 2005-08-11 Carol Watkins Uridine administration stimulates membrane production
US6339085B1 (en) * 1999-03-08 2002-01-15 The University Of Manitoba Therapeutics for cardiovascular and related diseases
US20050203053A1 (en) * 1999-07-30 2005-09-15 Wurtman Richard J. Uridine administration improves phosphatide synthesis, synaptic transmission and cogntive function
US6586614B2 (en) * 2001-02-27 2003-07-01 Rhodia Consumer Specialties Limited Production of aromatic phosphites
US6548519B1 (en) * 2001-07-06 2003-04-15 Medicure International Inc. Pyridoxine and pyridoxal analogues: novel uses
US20050009779A1 (en) * 2001-11-14 2005-01-13 Kiliaan Amanda Johanne Preparation for improving the action of receptors
US6753350B1 (en) * 2003-03-24 2004-06-22 Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Method to reduce the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants
US7090879B2 (en) * 2004-03-18 2006-08-15 Abbott Laboratories Nutritional formula containing select carotenoid combinations
US8076282B2 (en) * 2005-12-23 2011-12-13 N.V. Nutricia Composition for improving membrane composition and functioning of cells

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8076282B2 (en) * 2005-12-23 2011-12-13 N.V. Nutricia Composition for improving membrane composition and functioning of cells
US9463176B2 (en) 2005-12-23 2016-10-11 N.V. Nutricia Composition for improving membrane composition and functioning of cells
US20080292649A1 (en) * 2005-12-23 2008-11-27 N.V. Nutricia Composition for improving membrane composition and functioning of cells
US20100247505A1 (en) * 2007-10-25 2010-09-30 Nutri Co., Ltd. Composition for Reducing the Level of Glucose, Malondialdehyde-Modified LDL, Homocysteine and/or C-Reactive Protein in Blood
US10383893B2 (en) 2007-10-25 2019-08-20 Nutri Co., Ltd. Composition for reducing the level of glucose, malondialdehyde-modified LDL, homocysteine and/or C-reactive protein in blood
US20090286750A1 (en) * 2008-05-16 2009-11-19 Kasubick Robert V Use of ribose in lessening the clinical symptoms of aberrant firing of neurons
US20110097438A1 (en) * 2008-06-16 2011-04-28 N.V. Nutricia Composition with fat gradient
US9345259B2 (en) 2008-09-02 2016-05-24 N.V. Nutricia Nutritional compositions with coated lipid globules
US9700568B2 (en) 2008-09-02 2017-07-11 N.V. Nutricia Nutritional compositions with coated lipid globules
US20110206743A1 (en) * 2008-09-02 2011-08-25 N.V. Nutricia Nutritional compositions with lipid globules with a core comprising vegetable lipids and a coating comprising phospholipids or polar lipids
US9320294B2 (en) 2008-09-02 2016-04-26 N.V. Nutricia Nutritional compositions with lipid globules with a core comprising vegetable lipids and a coating comprising phospholipids or polar lipids
US9707240B2 (en) 2008-09-02 2017-07-18 N.V. Nutricia Nutritional compositions with lipid globules with a core comprising vegetable lipids and a coating comprising phospholipids or polar lipids
US20110217411A1 (en) * 2008-09-02 2011-09-08 N.V. Nutricia Nutritional compositions with coated lipid globules
US8883219B2 (en) 2008-12-11 2014-11-11 N. V. Nutricia Nutritional compositions with coated lipid globules
WO2011115476A1 (en) 2010-03-17 2011-09-22 N.V. Nutricia Infant nutrition for improving fatty acid composition of brain membranes later in life
US9474764B2 (en) 2010-03-17 2016-10-25 N.V. Nutricia Infant nutrition for improving fatty acid composition of brain membranes
WO2011115491A1 (en) 2010-03-17 2011-09-22 N.V. Nutricia Infant nutrition for improving fatty acid composition of brain membranes
WO2011115490A1 (en) 2010-03-17 2011-09-22 N.V. Nutricia Infant nutrition for improving fatty acid composition of brain membranes
US10548869B2 (en) 2010-03-17 2020-02-04 N.V. Nutricia Infant nutrition for improving fatty acid composition of brain membranes
RU2622999C2 (en) * 2011-03-14 2017-06-21 Н.В. Нютрисиа Method for neurotrauma treatment
RU2749191C2 (en) * 2011-03-14 2021-06-07 Н.В. Нютрисиа Method for neurotrauma treatment
US11376222B2 (en) 2013-11-01 2022-07-05 N.V. Nutricia Lipid composition for improving body composition during catch-up growth
US11389403B2 (en) 2015-10-15 2022-07-19 N.V. Nutricia Infant formula with special lipid architecture for promoting healthy growth
US11632974B2 (en) 2016-12-09 2023-04-25 N.V. Nutricia Nutritional composition for improving cell membranes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US9446014B2 (en) 2016-09-20
EP2342976A3 (en) 2015-12-09
PL2359701T3 (en) 2021-07-05
EP2342978A2 (en) 2011-07-13
AR058751A1 (en) 2008-02-20
CN101370396A (en) 2009-02-18
EP1976504A2 (en) 2008-10-08
EP2342975A3 (en) 2014-10-22
CN107495379A (en) 2017-12-22
US20090022813A1 (en) 2009-01-22
WO2007073178A3 (en) 2008-06-05
EP2356914A2 (en) 2011-08-17
WO2007073176A2 (en) 2007-06-28
EP2359701A1 (en) 2011-08-24
EP2356914B1 (en) 2020-12-09
EP1983976B1 (en) 2018-08-15
CN101370395A (en) 2009-02-18
EP1976396B1 (en) 2020-10-14
EP1976504B1 (en) 2021-10-06
WO2007073175A3 (en) 2008-06-26
US20130295146A1 (en) 2013-11-07
US9463176B2 (en) 2016-10-11
WO2007073175A2 (en) 2007-06-28
CN101360489B (en) 2015-02-18
EP2342979A3 (en) 2014-02-05
PT1800675E (en) 2011-08-30
CN101384184B (en) 2013-03-06
US20080292649A1 (en) 2008-11-27
PL2356914T3 (en) 2021-05-17
EP2342977A3 (en) 2013-06-05
CN101389227A (en) 2009-03-18
ATE509624T1 (en) 2011-06-15
CN101400344A (en) 2009-04-01
EP2359701B1 (en) 2021-01-06
AR058753A1 (en) 2008-02-20
BRPI0620416A2 (en) 2011-11-08
MY172306A (en) 2019-11-21
US20080317868A1 (en) 2008-12-25
WO2007073177A2 (en) 2007-06-28
USRE45483E1 (en) 2015-04-21
EP2342976A2 (en) 2011-07-13
WO2007073176A3 (en) 2008-09-12
US8497238B2 (en) 2013-07-30
EP1976395A2 (en) 2008-10-08
BRPI0620244A2 (en) 2011-11-08
CN101360489A (en) 2009-02-04
EP1983976A2 (en) 2008-10-29
ES2366034T3 (en) 2011-10-14
ES2855154T3 (en) 2021-09-23
DK1800675T3 (en) 2011-09-05
CN101389227B (en) 2012-09-26
CN101370491A (en) 2009-02-18
US20090156487A1 (en) 2009-06-18
MY176679A (en) 2020-08-19
EP2342974A3 (en) 2015-12-09
PL1800675T3 (en) 2011-10-31
WO2007073178A2 (en) 2007-06-28
WO2007073177A3 (en) 2008-07-17
EP2342974A2 (en) 2011-07-13
EP1800675A1 (en) 2007-06-27
PL1800675T4 (en) 2012-02-29
BRPI0620245A2 (en) 2011-11-08
ES2894338T3 (en) 2022-02-14
US8076282B2 (en) 2011-12-13
US8119142B2 (en) 2012-02-21
EP1800675B1 (en) 2011-05-18
EP2342975A2 (en) 2011-07-13
PL1976504T3 (en) 2022-01-03
CN101384184A (en) 2009-03-11
EP2356914A3 (en) 2014-01-01
US8546325B2 (en) 2013-10-01
EP1976396A2 (en) 2008-10-08
ES2851153T3 (en) 2021-09-03
EP2342978A3 (en) 2014-10-22
AR058752A1 (en) 2008-02-20
EP2342977A2 (en) 2011-07-13
EP2342979A2 (en) 2011-07-13
US20120064127A1 (en) 2012-03-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US9463176B2 (en) Composition for improving membrane composition and functioning of cells
DK2412250T3 (en) A food composition for patients with prodromal dementia

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: N.V. NUTRICIA, NETHERLANDS

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HAGEMAN, ROBERT JOHAN JOSEPH;SIJBEN, JOHN;REEL/FRAME:021374/0234

Effective date: 20080731

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION