US20080269929A1 - Method and an Apparatus for Decoding an Audio Signal - Google Patents

Method and an Apparatus for Decoding an Audio Signal Download PDF

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US20080269929A1
US20080269929A1 US11/941,048 US94104807A US2008269929A1 US 20080269929 A1 US20080269929 A1 US 20080269929A1 US 94104807 A US94104807 A US 94104807A US 2008269929 A1 US2008269929 A1 US 2008269929A1
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information
audio signal
downmix
gain
level
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Hyen-O Oh
Yang-Won Jung
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LG Electronics Inc
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LG Electronics Inc
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Assigned to LG ELECTRONICS INC. reassignment LG ELECTRONICS INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: JUNG, YANG-WON, OH, HYEN-O
Publication of US20080269929A1 publication Critical patent/US20080269929A1/en
Priority to US12/405,016 priority patent/US7672744B2/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
    • G10L19/04—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using predictive techniques
    • G10L19/16—Vocoder architecture
    • G10L19/18—Vocoders using multiple modes
    • G10L19/20—Vocoders using multiple modes using sound class specific coding, hybrid encoders or object based coding
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
    • G10L19/008—Multichannel audio signal coding or decoding using interchannel correlation to reduce redundancy, e.g. joint-stereo, intensity-coding or matrixing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for decoding an audio signal, and more particularly, to a method and an apparatus for decoding an audio signal received via various digital medium.
  • While downmixing several audio objects to a mono or a stereo audio signal information (e.g., parameters) from individual object signals of the audio signal can be extracted. This information can be used in a decoder for decoding of the audio signal.
  • a MCU Multipoint Control Unit
  • a MCU is a device that can be used in a teleconference to articulate provided signals from a remote place through the conference call.
  • a conventional MCU combiner generally makes a combined signal into multi-channel audio signals. But when multi-channel audio signals having only multi-channel parameters are used in the MCU, the MCU only can control the gain and panning of one of the channels and cannot control the gain and panning of individual object signals.
  • a decoder receives a downmix signal and side information, and can generate an output signal using the side information.
  • the output signal may be rendered based on other input information such as a user control or a playback configuration.
  • the decoder may receive multi-object signals and process to decode them.
  • an apparatus and method for decoding multi-object signals needs a wide bandwidth. Accordingly, a new apparatus and method for decoding multi-object signals is needed to relieve the resource requirement of a wide bandwidth. Moreover, for backward compatibility with channel-oriented decoding, a new apparatus and method is needed for providing side information corresponding to audio objects which can be converted to multi-channel parameters.
  • Various embodiments of the present invention are directed to a method and an apparatus for decoding an audio signal that substantially improves disadvantages of the related art and obviates one or more problems of related art.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method for decoding an audio signal by using object information, including an object level information and an object gain information, to modify the downmix of an audio signal by changing the contribution of each object signal to each downmix channel.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for decoding an audio signal by using object information, including an object level information and an object gain information to modify the downmix of an audio signal by changing the contribution of each object signal to each downmix channel.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for decoding an audio signal, comprising a downmix signal and a combined object parameter to be made in a MCU combiner, to control object gain and output in a teleconference or other application.
  • FIG. 1 is an exemplary block diagram of an apparatus for decoding an audio signal according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating an audio signal decoding method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is an exemplary block diagram of an apparatus for decoding an audio signal according to other embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is an exemplary block diagram of a parameter generating unit according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is an exemplary block diagram of a object gain information generating unit according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is an exemplary block diagram of a parameter generating unit according to other embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is an exemplary block diagram of an apparatus for processing an audio signal according to other embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is an exemplary block diagram of a MCU combining unit according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is an exemplary block diagram of a combined object parameter encoding unit according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is an exemplary block diagram of an apparatus 1000 for decoding an audio signal according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is an exemplary block diagram of an apparatus 2000 for decoding an audio signal according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the two embodiments of the apparatus 1000 and 2000 differ in that the apparatus 1000 has a multi-channel decoder 1300 while the apparatus 2000 does not have the multi-channel decoder 1300 .
  • Other elements, such as a parameter generating unit 1100 and 2000 and a downmix processing unit 1200 and 2200 are the same as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 .
  • an apparatus 1000 for decoding an audio signal (hereinafter also referred to as ‘a decoder 1000 ’) includes a parameter generating unit 1100 , a downmix processing unit 1200 , and a multi-channel decoder 1300 .
  • the parameter generating unit 1100 is configured to receive object information and mix information from a user control or a bitstream, and to generate downmix processing information.
  • the object information can include object level information, object correlation information, and object gain information.
  • the object level information can be generated by normalizing an object level corresponding to each object using one of the object levels as reference information.
  • the object correlation information can be provided from a combination of two selected objects.
  • the object gain information can include object gain value information or object gain ratio information.
  • the downmix processing information can include a parameter for controlling object gain and object panning, which is input to the downmix processing unit 1200 .
  • the downmix processing unit 1200 can be configured to receive a downmix of an audio signal with the downmix processing information from the parameter generating unit 1100 .
  • the downmix processing unit 1200 can process the downmix using the downmix processing information, thereby generating the processed downmix signal.
  • the downmix processing unit 1200 can apply the downmix processing information to the downmix of the audio signal in order to change one or more of object gain and object position of the downmix of the audio signal to generate the processed downmix.
  • the processed downmix may be input to the multi-channel decoder 1300 to be upmixed and output by an output device such as a speaker.
  • a multi-channel parameter output from the parameter generating unit may be also input to the multi-channel decoder 1300
  • the multi-channel decoder 1300 can be used as same as a decoder of MPEG Surround system.
  • the processed downmix signal may be directly transmitted to and output by the output device as the device 2000 shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the downmix processing unit 2200 may include a synthesis filter bank and output PCM data. The unit 2200 may also select whether to directly output as PCM signal or input to the multi-channel decoder by user selection.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a example decoding method for an audio signal in accordance with the present invention. Reference will also be made to FIG. 1 .
  • step S 110 a downmix of an audio signal, object information, and mix information is received.
  • step 120 generates downmix processing information using the object information and the mix information.
  • step S 130 and S 140 a processed downmix is generated by processing the downmix of the audio signal using the downmix processing information.
  • the configuration of the parameter generating unit 1100 shall be explained in detail with reference to FIG. 4 to FIG. 6 .
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an exemplary apparatus for processing an audio signal according to one embodiment of present invention, in particular, a block diagram of a parameter generating unit 1100 .
  • the parameter generating unit 1100 can be configured to receive object information and to generate downmix processing information using the object parameter.
  • the parameter generating unit 1100 can include object level information decoding unit 1110 a , object gain information generating unit 1120 a , and object correlation information generating unit 1130 a.
  • the downmix of an audio signal includes a number of object signals, and the object signals each have an associated object level.
  • the object level information can be generated by normalizing the object level using reference information, which may include a reference object level.
  • reference information which may include a reference object level.
  • the reference object level can be the largest object level among a number of object levels.
  • a downmix of an audio signal can include objects_i, where the object level of each of the objects_i is given by Ps_i, where i is a positive integer which represents the total number of object signals in an audio signal.
  • the object parameter can include object information as follows:
  • Ps_i can be obtained as various methods.
  • Ps_i may be s_i(n) ⁇ 2 or E[s_i(n) ⁇ 2].
  • Ps_i may be transmitted as information corresponding to each object level information.
  • s_i(n) refers to an ith object signal
  • s_i(n) can be either a time domain signal or a subband signal within a given band.
  • the object level information corresponding to each object signal is transmitted as the value itself the object level of an object signal may be difficult to quantize due to an excessive increase in a variation of dynamic range.
  • the object level information may be normalized using reference information, such as the largest object level energy of all object energies.
  • the object level information may be transmitted as in Formula 1 below:
  • the object level information includes a range of values that are less than or equal to 1.
  • dynamic range can be compressed enough to encode an audio signal.
  • the object level information may include reference information, default information, original object level energy to use in other signal processes.
  • the object level information corresponds to each object signal, and object level information can include an object level for each object signal in the downmix signal.
  • the object parameter comprises an object gain information including at least one of an object gain value information and an object gain ratio information.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an exemplary apparatus for processing an audio signal according to one embodiment of present invention, in particular, a block diagram of an object gain information decoding unit 1120 a of the parameter generating unit 1100 .
  • the object gain information generating unit 1120 a can include an object gain value information generating unit 1121 and an object gain ratio information generating unit 1122 .
  • the object gain information relates to a downmix method where one object signal is used to generate a downmix signal having more than one channel.
  • the object gain value information can include a gain value of an object.
  • the object gain is applied to each object signal before generating the processed downmix.
  • each object gain value information corresponding to each object is multiplied to the object level of each object to generate each gained object, and all of the gained objects are summed to generate the processed downmix, as described by Formula 2.
  • X is a processed downmix signal to be transmitted to a mono channel
  • s_i is an object level
  • a_i is object gain value information of an object contributing to each channel.
  • the object gain information can include object gain ratio information as well as object gain value information.
  • the object gain ratio information can include a ratio value between the gains of each object signal contributing to each channel of the processed downmix signal.
  • the object gain ratio information can be used to process the downmix signal by the Downmix Processing Unit 1200 , thereby obtaining the processed downmix signal to be transmitted through two (e.g., stereo) or more channels.
  • a processed downmix to be transmitted through each of the stereo channels is shown by Formula 3.
  • the object gain ratio information can be obtained from Formula 4.
  • m_i is an object gain ratio information of each object.
  • the object gain information e.g., the object gain value information (a_i and b_i) and the object gain ration information (m_i) can be transmitted to a parameter generating unit 1100 in various combinations of the object gain information contained in a bitstream.
  • the combinations can include, for example, (a_i, b_i), (m_i, a_i) and (m_i, b_i).
  • the parameter generating unit 1100 can decode the combinations to reconstruct the original object information. It can be understood that decoding of the combinations performed by the parameter generating unit 1100 can be adapted to other decoders, for example a multi-channel decoder 1300 .
  • the object gain value information when the object gain information is transmitted to the parameter generating unit 1100 in a combination of object gain value information (a_i, b_i), the object gain value information can be scaled. If there is a convention that b_i be scaled to 1, though object level information and only a_i as an the object gain information is transmitted, the parameter generating unit 1100 can reconstruct the original object information according to the convention. By scaling the object gain value, the number of the parameters to be transmitted to the parameter generating unit 1100 can be reduced.
  • the object gain ration information (m_i) can be obtained from with a various value as Formula 5:
  • ⁇ , ⁇ are small numbers to prevent the numerator and a denominator from being zero.
  • the same m_i value may not include the same value of s_i.
  • the number of the parameters to be transmitted to the parameter generating unit 1100 can be reduced.
  • m_i can be transmitted.
  • the parameter decoding unit 1100 receives an object correlation information.
  • the object correlation information is estimated between two objects and represents the correlation/coherence between the two objects.
  • object correlation information can exist.
  • the stereo objects may generate a mono object downmixing stereo objects, and generate a descendant object parameter indicating relations between channels of the stereo objects (hereinafter, this method is also referred to as the ‘mono method’).
  • this method is also referred to as the ‘mono method’.
  • the object level information is generated using the object level energy of the mono object.
  • stereo objects recognize two individual mono object signals.
  • the object level information is generated using the two individual mono object levels (hereinafter, this method is also referred to as the ‘stereo method’).
  • the amount of information to be transmitted using the second method can be more than the first method.
  • a first channel signal of stereo objects may be s_i
  • a second channel signal of stereo objects is s_j as each mono object signal.
  • the object level of above channel signal may be Ps_i Ps_j.
  • each object information representing L and R channels of a given object is similar to each other. So, the object correlation information can be used to represent similarity between the objects information.
  • each mono object using the stereo method is considered as constituting the same object.
  • the object correlation information includes one of channel power as representative, for example, left channel of stereo object, and normalized power value using the representation described in Formula 7:
  • the object correlation information can represent a relation between objects, whether or not the objects are both channels of the same stereo or multi-channel object, that is, each object can be a different channel of same origin.
  • differential information can be used.
  • the differential information can include a sum or subtraction signal of the stereo object as described in Formula 9:
  • the object correlation information including above the M and Ps_M can improve transmission efficiency and make it easy to perform an error balance.
  • the number of object correlation information can vary adaptively according to constituted a same object in order to reduce the bit rate of a object parameter.
  • a flag information ‘correlation_flag’ indicating whether an object is part of a stereo or multi-channel object, and can be received from the object information.
  • the correlation_flag can be included the object information, and received the information generating unit 1100 .
  • the object correlation information is not transmitted to the object correlation information decoding unit 1130 a .
  • the object correlation information is transmitted to the object correlation information decoding unit 1130 a and represents a similarity between the selected two objects.
  • the object information can further include reference information separately.
  • the reference information can be a identifier for an MCU combiner, for example.
  • a method of encoding for an audio signal comprises the step of receiving a multi-object audio signal and the step of generating a downmix of an audio signal and an object information including an object level information, an object gain information, and an object correlation, the object level information and the object correlation information from the multi-object audio signal, characteristics of the object level information, the object gain information, and the object correlation is same as that of the decoding method. So, the method of encoding for an audio signal cording to the present invention may not be limited as above identified.
  • an apparatus of encoding for an audio signal comprises a downmixing unit generating a downmix of an audio signal from a multi-object audio signal, and an object information unit extracting an object information including an object level information, an object gain information, and an object correlation information from the multi-object audio signal.
  • the apparatus of encoding for an audio signal may not be limited as above identified.
  • An audio signal comprising multi-object signals can be used by an MCU combiner to control object gain and output in a remote conference and so on.
  • the audio signal comprising multi-object signals it may be effective to control object gain and panning corresponding to characteristic of each object signal.
  • the multi-channel audio signal includes vocal sound, background music (BGM) and narration sound.
  • BGM background music
  • narration sound we cannot detect or control a special kind of object signals when we only use or listen to background music without vocal sound and narration sound or only make a communication with someone in a teleconference.
  • the method of decoding for the present invention using object information may be used to an enhanced karaoke system.
  • FIG. 6 is an exemplary block diagram of an apparatus for processing an audio signal according to an embodiment of present invention.
  • an apparatus for processing an audio signal according to embodiment may comprise an encoder 1 3100 , an encoder 2 4100 , a combining unit 5000 including a MCU combining unit 5100 and downmixer 5200 .
  • the encoder 1 3100 and the encoder 2 4100 can be configured to receive each an audio signal_ 1 or an audio signal_ 2 , and to generate a downmix_ 1 and an object information_ 1 in the encoder 1 3100 , and to generate a downmix_ 2 and an object information_ 2 in the encoder 2 4100 .
  • the combining unit 5000 can be configured to receive the downmix_ 1 and the object information_ 1 from the encoder 1 3100 , the downmix_ 2 and the object information_ 2 from the encoder 2 4100 , and a control information from user control, and to generate a downmix and a combined object information.
  • the downmix, output signal of the combining unit 5000 can be generated a conventional downmixing unit. Therefore, details of elements of the downmixer 5200 shall be omitted.
  • FIG. 7 is an exemplary block diagram of an apparatus for processing an audio signal according to an embodiment of present invention, in particular, an exemplary block diagram of an MCU combining unit 8100 .
  • the MCU combining unit 5100 can be configured to generated a combined object information using the object information_ 1 , the object information_ 2 , and the control information.
  • the combined object information includes all information corresponding to the downmix_ 1 from the encoder 1 3100 and the downmix_ 2 from the encoder 2 4100 .
  • the MCU combining unit 5100 includes an object information decoding unit 5110 and a combined object information encoding unit 5120 .
  • the object information decoding unit 5110 can be configured to receive the object information_ 1 from the encoder 1 3100 and the object information_ 2 from the encoder 2 4100 , and to generate a reference value_ 1 , an object level information_ 1 , and an object gain informaiton_ 1 from the object information_ 1 , and a reference value_ 2 , an object level information_ 2 , and an object gain information_ 2 .
  • the reference values, the object level information, and the object gain information is same as that of FIG. 1 ⁇ FIG . 6 . Therefore, details of generating method of those information shall be omitted.
  • the MCU combining unit 5100 can be configured to receive at least two object information from each multiple encoders without limitation of input signals, and to generate the combined object information comprising several information corresponding to the downmix.
  • FIG. 8 is an exemplary block diagram of an apparatus for processing an audio signal according to an embodiment of present invention, in particular, an exemplary block diagram of a combined object information encoding unit 5120 .
  • the combined object information encoding unit 5120 can be configured to receive those information and a control information from user control, and to generate a combined object information to be inputted in a decoder (not shown).
  • the control information may process the object information_ 1 and the object information_ 2 , and apply to combination of above the object information_ 1 and the object information_ 2 in the combined object information encoding unit 5120 .
  • the combined object information may be generated to be processed the control information, the control information indicating to combine some objects constituted the combined object information and to control object gain in the combination of the object information.
  • the control information includes an object control information, a gain control information, and a destination information.
  • Each of the object control information, the gain control information, and the destination information may explain the followings.
  • the object control information may determine target objects to generate the combined object information.
  • the object control information can determine a required subset of audio objects of object information_ 1 or object information_ 2 .
  • the object control information may be processed to the object level information in the object level information encoding unit 5112 .
  • the combined object information may include information corresponding to some objects determining by the object control information, and can be use according to several purposes.
  • the object information_ 1 comprises music including vocal, piano, guitar object signals
  • the object information_ 2 comprises violin, vocal object signals.
  • an audio signal comprising piano, guitar, violin object signals
  • the object gain information encoding unit 5113 can be configured to receive a gain information_ 1 from the object information_ 1 , a gain information_ 2 from the object information_ 2 , a gain control information, and a destination information, and to generate an object gain information of the object information.
  • the gain control information may be used to control object gain for MCU combiner. Unlike the object control information, the gain control information may be processed object information in the object gain information encoding unit 5113 , the object information is selected using the object control information in the object level information encoding unit 5112 .
  • the gain control information may be value within in the range of 0 ⁇ 1.
  • the gain control information corresponding to object information_i is 0, the object information does not included in the combined object information.
  • the gain control information defines a destination information.
  • the destination information may include the special gain control information having 0 or 1 value and the indicators which destinations are to be outputted the downmix.
  • the destination information can be used for special function, for example, a whisper function, a secret meeting, and for controlling the destination of an object signal.
  • the destination information may be inputted into the object gain information encoding unit 5123 , and process the gain information_ 1 and the gain information_ 2 to control object gain of the combined object information. If a MCU combiner has 3-ports, the destination information may include each gain value (0, 1) corresponding to each output port.
  • the gain control information and the destination information may be inputted at once or separately into the object gain information encoding unit 5113 .
  • FIG. 8 is an exemplary block diagram of the combined object information encoding unit 5120 .
  • the combined object information encoding unit 5120 can be configured to receive a reference value_ 1 , a reference value_ 2 , an object level information_ 1 , an object level information_ 2 , an object gain information_ 1 , an object gain information_ 2 , an object control information, a gain control information, and a destination information, and to generate a combined object information using the object control information, the gain control information, and the destination information.
  • the combined object information encoding unit 5120 includes a reference value generating unit 5121 , an object level information encoding unit 5122 , and an object gain information encoding unit 5123 .
  • Each object information_i may include reference information to normalize each object level, and to generate an object level information. But, in case of combining at least two object information to generate a combined object information, the combined object information may determine to normalize the object level constituted to the object level information of the combined object information.
  • the reference information of the combined object information may be determine by several methods.
  • the reference information of the combined object information may be the reference information_ 1 or the largest reference information of the object information_i.
  • the combined object information may use the object level information of the object information_i as that of the combined object information.
  • the reference information generating unit 5121 may estimate the reference information of the combined object information as the above method. Before the change of the reference information of the combined object information, the object level information_i is normalized by the reference information_i.
  • the object level information of the object information_ 1 is the [formula 10]
  • the object level information of the combined object information is the [formula 11].
  • the object gain information encoding unit 5123 can be configured to receive an object gain_ 1 , an object gain_ 2 , a gain control information, and a destination information, and to generate an object gain information using the gain control information and the destination information.
  • the object gain information of the object information_i is 0 or 1.
  • the gain control information may be inputted from user control, the object gain information_ 1 and the object gain information_ 2 can be changed using the gain control information.
  • the object correlation information indicates similarity/dissimilarity between the channels of a stereo object or a multi-channel object, so the object correlation information may be affected by combining object information in the MCU combining unit 5100 .
  • the object correlation information of the combined object information may be included the object correlation information of the object information_i as it is.

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US20100014692A1 (en) * 2008-07-17 2010-01-21 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Apparatus and method for generating audio output signals using object based metadata
WO2010087627A2 (en) * 2009-01-28 2010-08-05 Lg Electronics Inc. A method and an apparatus for decoding an audio signal
WO2010087631A2 (en) * 2009-01-28 2010-08-05 Lg Electronics Inc. A method and an apparatus for decoding an audio signal
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