US20080227674A1 - Method for regenerating lube oil dispersant - Google Patents

Method for regenerating lube oil dispersant Download PDF

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Publication number
US20080227674A1
US20080227674A1 US12/048,847 US4884708A US2008227674A1 US 20080227674 A1 US20080227674 A1 US 20080227674A1 US 4884708 A US4884708 A US 4884708A US 2008227674 A1 US2008227674 A1 US 2008227674A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
particulate matter
lubricating oil
dispersant
capturing
chamber
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Abandoned
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US12/048,847
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English (en)
Inventor
Ronald P. Rohrbach
Daniel E. Bause
Peter D. Unger
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Fram Group IP LLC
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Individual
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Priority to US12/048,847 priority Critical patent/US20080227674A1/en
Assigned to HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC. reassignment HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BAUSE, DANIEL E., ROHRBACH, RONALD P., UNGER, PETER D.
Publication of US20080227674A1 publication Critical patent/US20080227674A1/en
Assigned to FRAM GROUP IP LLC reassignment FRAM GROUP IP LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC.
Assigned to CREDIT SUISSE AG, AS FIRST LIEN COLLATERAL AGENT reassignment CREDIT SUISSE AG, AS FIRST LIEN COLLATERAL AGENT SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: FRAM GROUP IP LLC, PRESTONE PRODUCTS CORPORATION
Assigned to CREDIT SUISSE AG, AS SECOND LIEN COLLATERAL AGENT reassignment CREDIT SUISSE AG, AS SECOND LIEN COLLATERAL AGENT SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: FRAM GROUP IP LLC, PRESTONE PRODUCTS CORPORATION
Assigned to FRAM GROUP IP LLC reassignment FRAM GROUP IP LLC RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CREDIT SUISSE AG, CAYMAN ISLANDS BRANCH, AS COLLATERAL AGENT
Assigned to FRAM GROUP IP LLC reassignment FRAM GROUP IP LLC RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CREDIT SUISSE AG, CAYMAN ISLANDS BRANCH, AS COLLATERAL AGENT
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M175/00—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning
    • C10M175/0058—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning by filtration and centrifugation processes; apparatus therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M175/00—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning
    • C10M175/0008—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning with the use of adsorbentia
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/04—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing aromatic monomers, e.g. styrene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/043—Mannich bases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/04—Detergent property or dispersant property

Definitions

  • Exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate the use of lubricating oil in an internal combustion engine. More particularly, exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate to regeneration of dispersant incorporated into lubricating oil.
  • Lubricating oil or lubricant
  • Lubricant is used by various kinds of internal combustion engines in automobiles and other vehicles, boats, lawn mowers, trains, airplanes, etc., to create a film between surfaces of parts moving against each other to minimize contact therebetween and decrease friction, wear, and production of excessive heat. Lubricant further cools the engine by carrying heat away from the moving engine parts.
  • Soot particles are spherical in shape and 98 percent carbon by weight. They typically form in a very small size (around 0.03 microns), but they often agglomerate to form larger particles. These microscopic soot particles accumulate in the oil during operation and threaten to grind against the moving engine parts, and thereby cause erosion and wear. Because these undesirable particles inevitably build up in lubricating oil, the oil is circulated through an oil filter to remove the harmful particles.
  • Lubricating oils also often include additives such as detergents and dispersants that help keep the engine clean by minimizing sludge build up, corrosion inhibitors, and alkaline additives that neutralize acidic oxidation products of the oil.
  • Detergents and dispersants keep oil-insoluble combustion products in suspension and prevent the agglomeration of resinous and asphalt-like oxidation products. This inhibits the formation of deposits on metal surfaces, oil thickening and sludge deposition, and also prevents corrosive wear by neutralising acidic products of combustion.
  • the oil filter removes many of the particles, the oil filter eventually becomes filled up. As this occurs, the oil and especially the additives undergo thermal and mechanical degradation. In high soot conditions, dispersants can become quickly depleted, leading to a loss of oil dispersancy and permitting soot particles to agglomerate and form larger particles that build up on engine surfaces. This soot eventually impedes oil flow and also can form on oil filters, blocking oil flow and allowing dirty oil into the engine. For these reasons, the oil and the oil filter need to be periodically replaced to improve fuel efficiency, lower temperature, and prevent wear.
  • Dispersants are increasingly required to allow engine lubricants to operate for longer periods and to carry the dirt that builds up in use. Nevertheless, when the soot concentration in the oil exceeds the amount of dispersant, the dispersant becomes deactivated. Further, over periods of use, dispersants tend to chemically degrade and lose their dispersing properties. Dispersants, which tend to be expensive, are no longer useful in the treatment process when deactivated or degraded.
  • Exemplary embodiments of the present invention pertain to a method of regenerating used dispersant incorporated into lubricating oil.
  • the method comprises the steps of supplying used lubricating oil having dispersant molecules suspending particulate matter into a regenerating chamber; releasing the particulate matter by creating a stress on the bond between the dispersant molecules and the suspended particulate matter; permitting the released particulate matter to agglomerate; removing the agglomerated particulate matter from the lubricating oil; and discharging the lubricating oil back to the engine.
  • An alternative method comprises the steps of supplying used lubricating oil having non-metallic polymer dispersant molecules suspending particulate matter into a capturing chamber, the dipersant molecules having polar ends and non-polar tails; interacting the used lubricating oil with an oil-insoluble capturing composition having a binding affinity for the particulate matter that is greater than that of the polar ends of the dispersant molecules to displace the suspended particulate matter and bind the particulate matter to the capturing composition within the capturing chamber; and discharging the lubricating oil back to the engine.
  • FIG. 1 is an illustration of an exemplary embodiment of dispersant acting on particulate matter
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of a method of regenerating used dispersant incorporated into lubricating oil in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is an illustration of an exemplary embodiment of step 130 of the flowchart depicted in FIG. 2 ;
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of a method of regenerating used dispersant incorporated into lubricating oil in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIGS. 5A-D illustrate of an exemplary embodiment of steps 220 - 230 of the flowchart depicted in FIG. 4 .
  • dispersant molecules 12 are utilized to prevent soot and other particulates 10 from agglomerating by keeping the particles suspended and thereby lessening risk they pose to engine parts.
  • Dispersants typically consist of a non-metallic polymer with a polar end (consisting of, for example, oxygen or nitrogen) having a high affinity for soot and a nonpolar, oil-soluble tail (such as a hydrocarbon).
  • examples of dispersants include substituted and polyamine succinamides, polyhydroxy succinic esters, polybutene hydroxy benzyl polyamines, and copolymers of polymethacryaltes and styrenemaleinic esters. Each dispersant type has a different binding affinity for soot particles.
  • Exemplary process 100 begins at step 110 with the used dispersant suspending particulate matter in the lubricating oil.
  • the used lubricating oil having dispersant molecules suspending particulate matter (for example, soot formed from operation of a diesel engine), is supplied into a regenerating chamber, where the dispersant will be regenerated. This can be done, for instance, by pumping the oil into the regeneration chamber using an oil pump that is powered by the vehicle's engine.
  • the suspended particulate matter is released from the dispersant molecules by creating a stress on the bond between the dispersant molecules and the particulate matter. This can be done, for instance, by increasing the temperature within the regeneration chamber if the type of dispersant used has a high enthalpy.
  • Auxiliary regeneration additives such as elements from the transition metals (for example, cerium, iron, copper, strontium, and platinum), can also be included in the lubricating oil to depress the energy required to break the particulate-dispersant bond.
  • the heat can be supplied by, for instance, power from the vehicle's onboard electrical system that warms the regeneration chamber to the appropriate temperature, thus permitting well-controlled regeneration of the dispersant.
  • the released particulate matter can be permitted to agglomerate. As shown in the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3 , because of the high surface energy of the particulate matter, the agglomeration will proceed relatively rapidly and the particulates 10 will grow in size.
  • the agglomerated particulate matter is removed from the lubricating oil at step 150 . Because the particle size of the particulate matter will be larger at this step, conventional filtration or centrifugation can be used to separate and remove the particulate matter.
  • the present exemplary process has regenerated the dispersant in the lubricating oil by removing or substantially reducing the particulate matter, thereby substantially restoring the dispersing ability of the dispersant to its original level.
  • the regenerated lubricating oil can be discharged back to the engine using, for instance, the oil pump or a light phase outlet of the regeneration chamber, where the free dispersant will continue to capture particulate matter and prevent agglomeration.
  • Exemplary process 200 which utilizes phase separation, begins at step 210 with the used dispersant suspending particulate matter in the lubricating oil.
  • the used lubricating oil having dispersant molecules suspending particulate matter (for example, soot formed from operation of a diesel engine), is supplied to a capturing chamber, where the dispersant will be regenerated. This can be done, for instance, by pumping the oil into the capturing chamber using an oil pump powered by the vehicle engine.
  • the used lubricating oil is caused to interact with an oil-insoluble capturing composition.
  • the capturing composition has a binding affinity for the particulate matter that is greater than that of the polar ends of the non-metallic dispersant polymer molecules.
  • the capturing composition can be, for instance, disposed on a surface of fibrous media or included as part of a solvent phase within the capturing chamber.
  • the media can be incorporated in a filter system.
  • the fibrous media intercepts the particulate the matter through inertial forces and retains the particulates through chemical binding.
  • the filter system can involve stand-still regeneration or exchangeable filters that are regenerated through combustion of the captured particulate matter, and then disposed of and replaced at the end of the life-cycle of the system.
  • the dispersant is not soluble in the displacing solvent, and the displacing solvent is not be soluble in oil.
  • the immiscible oil and solvent phases should be mixed until equilibrium is reached. Because the dispersant is insoluble in the solvent, the particulate matter will be displaced from the dispersant in the lubricating oil and extracted into the solvent phase. Once this ion transfer is complete, the solvent, which now carries the particulate matter, and the oil, which contains the dispersant that is now free of particulate matter, are permitted to separate.
  • the lubricating oil in exemplary embodiments, can be sequentially mixed with two equal volumes or several smaller volumes of solvent rather than with all the solvent in one large volume.
  • a phase transfer catalyst for capturing the particulate matter can be utilized.
  • the capturing catalyst can be immobilized on a fiber surface through which the lubricating oil is filtered. During filtration, the particulate matter is displaced from the dispersant in the lubricating oil and reacts to bond with the catalyst. As a result of the reaction, the particulate matter becomes soluble in the solvent phase, which enables the particulate matter to be separated from the oil and move into the solvent phase, thereby freeing the dispersant molecules, which remain in the oil.
  • step 230 causes, at step 240 , a chemical reaction within the capturing chamber in which the suspended particulate matter is displaced from the dispersant molecules and binds to the capturing composition (for example, the particulate matter can be bound to a capture surface or within a solvent phase).
  • the operation of displacement and binding can be seen in the exemplary reaction illustrated in FIGS. 5A-D .
  • the dispersant molecules 12 have suspended particulate 10 .
  • FIGS. 5B and 5C the lubricating oil is interacted with the capturing composition 14 , and particulate 10 is displaced from dispersant 12 .
  • FIG. 5A the dispersant molecules 12 have suspended particulate 10 .
  • FIGS. 5B and 5C the lubricating oil is interacted with the capturing composition 14 , and particulate 10 is displaced from dispersant 12 .
  • particulate 10 binds to capturing composition 14 , and dispersant 12 is free.
  • dispersant should be chemically and physically stable in the presence of the capturing mechanism so that it can be recycled through many times without experiencing undue physical loss or chemical breakdown. Further, the extraction and displacement kinetics should be sufficiently fast to allow the process to take place in an acceptable time frame.
  • the dispersant in the lubricating oil has been regenerated by having the particulate matter that had been suspended therein removed or substantially reduced, thereby substantially restoring the dispersing ability of the dispersant to its original level.
  • the lubricating oil can then, at step 250 , be discharged back to the engine using, for instance, the oil pump or a light phase outlet of the regeneration chamber, where the free dispersant can capture particulate matter and prevent agglomeration.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
US12/048,847 2007-03-15 2008-03-14 Method for regenerating lube oil dispersant Abandoned US20080227674A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/048,847 US20080227674A1 (en) 2007-03-15 2008-03-14 Method for regenerating lube oil dispersant

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US89513307P 2007-03-15 2007-03-15
US12/048,847 US20080227674A1 (en) 2007-03-15 2008-03-14 Method for regenerating lube oil dispersant

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EP (1) EP2121883A4 (de)
WO (1) WO2008112998A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130109599A1 (en) * 2011-10-26 2013-05-02 Citamora Processes Inc Method for recovering oil from used lubricants

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3919075A (en) * 1973-04-12 1975-11-11 Inst Francais Du Petrole Process for regenerating used lubricating oils
US4420389A (en) * 1982-09-14 1983-12-13 Phillips Petroleum Company De-ashing lubricating oils
US5932104A (en) * 1995-11-10 1999-08-03 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Filtration membrane for oleophilic organic liquids, method for producing it, and method for filtering oleophilic organic liquids
US20040099595A1 (en) * 2002-07-31 2004-05-27 Van Noland Milton Charles Filter apparatus and method with centrifugal separator for removing contaminants from a fluid
US20060260874A1 (en) * 2005-05-20 2006-11-23 Lockledge Scott P Materials and processes for reducing combustion by-products in a lubrication system for an internal combustion engine

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IL136912A (en) * 1998-01-15 2003-07-31 Ass Octel Method of regenerating a particulate filter trap and fuel additives therefor
US6569818B2 (en) * 2000-06-02 2003-05-27 Chevron Oronite Company, Llc Lubricating oil composition
US7384896B2 (en) * 2002-07-16 2008-06-10 The Lubrizol Corporation Controlled release of additive gel(s) for functional fluids
US20040261313A1 (en) * 2003-06-25 2004-12-30 The Lubrizol Corporation, A Corporation Of The State Of Ohio Gel additives for fuel that reduce soot and/or emissions from engines
GB2421511B (en) 2004-12-24 2008-01-02 Infineum Int Ltd Lubricating systems

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3919075A (en) * 1973-04-12 1975-11-11 Inst Francais Du Petrole Process for regenerating used lubricating oils
US4420389A (en) * 1982-09-14 1983-12-13 Phillips Petroleum Company De-ashing lubricating oils
US5932104A (en) * 1995-11-10 1999-08-03 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Filtration membrane for oleophilic organic liquids, method for producing it, and method for filtering oleophilic organic liquids
US20040099595A1 (en) * 2002-07-31 2004-05-27 Van Noland Milton Charles Filter apparatus and method with centrifugal separator for removing contaminants from a fluid
US20060260874A1 (en) * 2005-05-20 2006-11-23 Lockledge Scott P Materials and processes for reducing combustion by-products in a lubrication system for an internal combustion engine

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130109599A1 (en) * 2011-10-26 2013-05-02 Citamora Processes Inc Method for recovering oil from used lubricants

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EP2121883A1 (de) 2009-11-25
EP2121883A4 (de) 2011-05-04
WO2008112998A1 (en) 2008-09-18

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