US20080224422A1 - Resilient Seal - Google Patents

Resilient Seal Download PDF

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Publication number
US20080224422A1
US20080224422A1 US11/813,879 US81387905A US2008224422A1 US 20080224422 A1 US20080224422 A1 US 20080224422A1 US 81387905 A US81387905 A US 81387905A US 2008224422 A1 US2008224422 A1 US 2008224422A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
seal
annular seal
end portion
distal end
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US11/813,879
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English (en)
Inventor
Horace P. Halling
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Performance Plastics Corp
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American Seal and Engineering Co Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by American Seal and Engineering Co Inc filed Critical American Seal and Engineering Co Inc
Assigned to AMERICAN SEAL AND ENGINEERING COMPANY, INC. reassignment AMERICAN SEAL AND ENGINEERING COMPANY, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HALLING, MR. HORACE P.
Publication of US20080224422A1 publication Critical patent/US20080224422A1/en
Assigned to SAINT-GOBAIN PERFORMANCE PLASTICS CORPORATION reassignment SAINT-GOBAIN PERFORMANCE PLASTICS CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: AMERICAN SEAL AND ENGINEERING COMPANY, INC.
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L23/00—Flanged joints
    • F16L23/16—Flanged joints characterised by the sealing means
    • F16L23/18—Flanged joints characterised by the sealing means the sealing means being rings
    • F16L23/20—Flanged joints characterised by the sealing means the sealing means being rings made exclusively of metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/02—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
    • F16J15/021—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with elastic packing
    • F16J15/022—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with elastic packing characterised by structure or material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/02—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
    • F16J15/06—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
    • F16J15/08—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with exclusively metal packing
    • F16J15/0887—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with exclusively metal packing the sealing effect being obtained by elastic deformation of the packing

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to annular seals.
  • resilient metallic seals are used when elastomeric and polymeric materials cannot be used because of extremely high pressures, high temperatures and/or aggressive media.
  • Resilient, metallic seals are produced in different configurations that are designed to meet a variety of operating requirements.
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B One prior art resilient, metallic seal is known as the axial C-seal.
  • the C-seal which is available in three basic orientations, was developed as an improvement in flexibility over the hollow metal O-ring.
  • the axial C-seal which is intended for sealing the space between two concentric cylindrical surfaces, is shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B .
  • prior art axial C-seal 10 has an arcuate portion 12 , outer sealing surface 16 and inner sealing surface 14 .
  • FIG. 1B which is an enlarged view of a portion of the view of FIG. 1A .
  • Circumferential lines passing through the quadrant points of the section shown in FIG. 1B are known as sealing lines.
  • the axial C-seal may be used to seal gaps between cylindrical surfaces in mainly static applications.
  • Seals including prior art axial C-seals, are typically used in couplings and other devices that are part of fluid transmission or containment systems.
  • a rigid hollow proboscis or probe is typically inserted into a hollow receptacle in the fluid transmission system.
  • the receptacle contains a sealing ring or multiple sealing rings which are dilated by insertion of the probe. This dilation creates the required contact stresses for sealing.
  • the contact stresses achieve fluid containment between the two bodies to be sealed together.
  • the probe is forced into the receptacle without the centerlines or axes of the two components being properly aligned, as a result of imperfect field installation practices.
  • the probe may displace one side of the axial C-seal to an extent at which the ring may not be sufficiently resilient to elastically deform. A result, a gap may be formed on the opposite side which results in leakage of fluid when the joint is pressurized.
  • a further disadvantage is that some pressure-energized prior art seals are extensively plastically deformed at installation and have little elastic recovery (i.e. springback) from their maximum compressed state, usually less than 3% of their free or uncompressed height.
  • the present invention is directed to a seal for the containment of high or moderate pressure fluids and gases at temperatures ranging from cryogenic to relatively high levels.
  • the seal has an overall generally “J” shaped or hook-shaped cross-section.
  • the seal of the present invention is an annular lip seal that has the capability to exhibit superior performance generally and especially when the two objects that must be sealed together experience lateral offset, angular misalignment or axial misalignment.
  • the present invention is directed to an annular seal having a generally “j” shaped cross-section and comprising a first end portion having a first distal end, a generally curled second end portion that extends to a second distal end, and a central body portion between and contiguous with the first and second end portions.
  • the annular seal has a first side and an opposite second side. The second end portion curls in a first direction in accordance with a predetermined radius such that the second distal end is located across from the first side of the annular seal and the first and second distal ends do not face each other.
  • the present invention is directed to an annular seal comprising a first side and an opposite second side, a generally frustro-conical central body portion having opposite ends, a first end portion contiguous with one of the opposite ends of the generally frustro-conical central body portion, and a generally curled second end portion contiguous with the other of the opposite ends of the generally frustro-conical central body portion.
  • the first end portion has a first distal end.
  • the second end portion extends to a second distal end.
  • the second end portion curls in a first direction in accordance with a predetermined radius such that the second distal end is located across from the first side of the annular seal and the first and second distal ends do not face each other.
  • the present invention is directed to an annular seal having a generally hook-shaped cross-section, a first side and a second opposite side.
  • the annular seal comprises a first end portion having a first distal end, a generally curled second end portion that extends to a second distal end, and a central body portion between and contiguous with the first and second end portions.
  • the second end portion curls in a first direction in accordance with a predetermined radius such that the second distal end is located across from the first side of the annular seal and the first and second distal ends do not face each other.
  • the present invention is directed to an annular, metallic seal comprising a first side and an opposite second side, a generally frustro-conical central body portion having opposite ends, a first end portion contiguous with one of the opposite ends of the generally frustro-conical central body portion, and a curled second end portion contiguous with the other of the opposite ends of the generally frustro-conical central body portion.
  • the first end portion has a first distal end.
  • the second end portion extends to a second distal end.
  • the annular seal has a thickness that tapers in the direction of the first distal end.
  • the first distal end is slightly angulated in a first direction.
  • the second end portion curls in the first direction in accordance with a predetermined radius such that the second distal end is located across from the first side of the annular, metallic seal and the first and second distal ends do not face each other.
  • FIG. 1A is a side view, in longitudinal section, of a prior art axial C-seal
  • FIG. 1B is an enlarged view of a portion of the view shown in FIG. 1A ;
  • FIG. 2A is plan view of a seal in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2B is a side view, in longitudinal section, taken along line 2 B- 2 B of FIG. 2A ;
  • FIG. 2C is an enlarged view of a portion of the view shown in FIG. 2B ;
  • FIG. 2D is a further enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line 2 D- 2 D in FIG. 2A ;
  • FIG. 3A is a plan view of a seal in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3B is a side view, in longitudinal section, taken along line 3 B- 3 B of FIG. 3A ;
  • FIG. 3C is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3 C- 3 C of FIG. 3A .
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the installation of the seal of FIG. 3A in a body of a coupling
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view, based on FIG. 4 , showing the seal of FIG. 3A installed in the body of the coupling with an axis of the probe displaced to the right;
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view, similar to the view of FIG. 5 , showing the axis of the probe displaced to the left;
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the seal installed in the body of the coupling at operating pressure
  • FIG. 8A is plan view of a seal in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8B is a side view, in longitudinal section, taken along line 8 B- 8 B of FIG. 8A ;
  • FIG. 8C is a cross-sectional view taken along line 8 C- 8 C of FIG. 8A ;
  • FIG. 9A is a plan view of a seal in accordance with a further embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9B is a side view, in longitudinal section, taken along line 9 B- 9 B of FIG. 9A ;
  • FIG. 9C is a cross-sectional view taken along line 9 C- 9 C of FIG. 9A ;
  • FIG. 10A is a plan view of a seal in accordance with another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 10B is side view, in longitudinal section, taken along line 10 B- 10 B of FIG. 10A ;
  • FIG. 11A is a plan view of a seal in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11B is a cross-sectional view, in longitudinal section, taken along line 11 B- 11 B of FIG. 11A ;
  • FIG. 11C is an enlarged view of a portion of the view shown in FIG. 11B ;
  • FIG. 11D is a cross-sectional view of the seal of FIG. 11A installed in a cavity between two components;
  • FIG. 12A is a plan view of a seal in accordance with a further embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12B is a cross-sectional view, in longitudinal section, taken along line 12 B- 12 B of FIG. 12A ;
  • FIG. 12C is an enlarged view of a portion of the view shown in FIG. 12B ;
  • FIG. 12D is a partial, cross-sectional view, illustration the installation of the seal of FIG. 12A ;
  • FIGS. 13A and 13B are cross-sectional views illustrating the installation of a seal in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is cross-sectional view, similar to FIG. 3C , of a seal in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view, similar to the view shown in FIG. 12C , of a seal in accordance with a further embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view, similar to the view shown in FIG. 11C , of a seal in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 1-16 show various embodiments of the present invention. The figures are not drawn to scale.
  • the seal of the present invention is an axial/radial seal that may be used in low speed, dynamic applications wherein relative axial motion between two concentric cylindrical surfaces is caused, for example, by thermal expansion.
  • the seal of the present invention can also accommodate relative radial expansion and some eccentricity and/or angular misalignment of the two cylinders as well as rotational displacements.
  • the seal of the present invention combines a relatively rigid, sealing contact circle, for engagement with one of the cylindrical surfaces, and a highly flexible lip seal for slidably engaging the other cylindrical surface. This particular structure of the seal of the present invention ensures that the seal is restrained against axial and other movement with respect to one cylindrical surface while permitting low-resistance motion of the other cylindrical surface.
  • Seal 50 has a substantially annular shape and has a predetermined degree of resiliency.
  • Seal 50 has a generally “j” shaped or hook-shaped cross-section.
  • Seal 50 comprises first end portion 52 .
  • First end portion 52 has a distal end 54 . This distal end defines edge 55 .
  • Seal 50 further comprises a generally curled second end portion 56 that includes an arcuate or curved portion 57 .
  • Second end portion 56 extends to distal end 58 .
  • Distal end 58 defines edge 59 .
  • Seal 50 further comprises central body portion 60 that is between and contiguous with first end portion 52 and second end portion 56 .
  • central body portion 60 has a generally frustro-conical shape. In a preferred embodiment, central body portion 60 is configured so that it does not have any inflection points formed therein.
  • Seal 50 has first side 70 and opposite second side 72 . Second end portion 56 curls in a first direction 73 in accordance with a predetermined radius of arcuate portion 57 such that distal end 58 is located across from first side 70 by a predetermined distance X 1 and distal ends 54 and 58 do not face each other.
  • FIG. 2C which is an enlarged view of a portion of the view of FIG. 2B .
  • seal 50 has outer diameter D 1 , inner diameter D 2 , radial width W and height H.
  • end portion 52 defines inner diameter D 2 .
  • first end portion 52 is slightly angulated in first direction 73 with respect to dashed reference line 90 .
  • the annular seal 50 has a thickness T that tapers in the direction of distal end portion 52 .
  • the rate of taper is substantially uniform. It has been found that such a taper in thickness increases or enhances the flexibility of seal 50 .
  • the thickness of seal 50 at first end portion 52 is about 70% of the thickness of seal 50 at second end portion 56 .
  • end portion 52 has a degree of stiffness that ensures roundness and stability and which also facilitates engagement with an inner cylindrical surface upon installation.
  • Examples of such an inner cylindrical surface would be a piston, rod or shaft.
  • the relatively small size and stiffness of end portion 52 avoids an increase in the installation and sliding forces.
  • the relatively small size of end portion 52 reduces the second moment of area at the end of seal 50 and thus, reduces the seal's resistance to deflection at that end.
  • end portion 56 has a relatively high degree of stiffness so that when seal 50 is installed, end portion 56 clings tightly to the outer cylindrical surface of the sealing cavity thereby resisting axial forces from the slidable end of seal 50 . The result is a leak-tight seal.
  • An example of such an outer cylindrical cavity surface would be the inner surface of a bore, tube or hole.
  • seal 50 can be varied in order to be used in various applications.
  • outer diameter D 1 is about 78.18 mm
  • inner diameter D 2 is about 70.76 mm
  • radial width W is about 3.7 mm
  • height H is about 5.84 mm.
  • seal 50 can be configured to have other dimensions. The actual dimensions depend upon the particular application with which the seal will be used.
  • seal 100 in accordance with an alternate embodiment of the invention.
  • the thickness of seal 100 does not taper.
  • Seal 100 has a generally “j” shaped or hook-shaped cross-section and comprises first end portion 102 .
  • First end portion 102 has a distal end 104 .
  • Distal end 104 defines edge 105 .
  • Seal 100 further comprises a generally curled second end portion 106 that has curved or arcuate portion 107 . Curled second end portion 106 extends to distal end 108 .
  • Distal end 108 defines edge 110 .
  • Seal 100 further comprises central body portion 120 that is between and contiguous with first end portion 102 and second end portion 106 .
  • central body portion 120 has a generally frustro-conical shape.
  • Seal 100 has first side 130 and opposite second side 132 .
  • second end portion 106 curls in a first direction 140 in accordance with a predetermined radius of arcuate portion 107 such that distal end 108 is located across from first side 130 by a predetermined distance X 2 and distal ends 104 and 108 do not face each other.
  • the thickness of seal 100 does not have a taper and the thickness of seal 100 is uniform throughout.
  • seal 100 is shown inserted into body 200 of a coupling.
  • Axial retaining wall 202 is positioned adjacent seal 100 and probe 204 is spaced apart from seal 100 .
  • the center-line of probe 204 is indicated by reference number 206 .
  • seal 100 is installed in an interference relationship with body 200 and abuts axial retaining wall 202 while probe 204 is inserted in contacting, interfering relationship with seal 100 .
  • Probe 204 contacts frustro-conical portion 120 of seal 100 .
  • End portion 102 and frustro-conical central body portion 120 elastically deflect so as to allow lateral offset of probe 204 in the direction indicated by arrow 208 without causing leakage.
  • center-line 206 of probe 204 is displaced to the right with respect to body 200 . Sealing contact is maintained by virtue of hoop stress, keeping all points around the inner circumference of the seal in tight contact with the probe.
  • center-line 206 of probe 204 is now displaced to the left with respect to body 200 , in the direction indicated by arrow 210 , thereby widening the space or gap 212 between central body portion 120 of seal 100 and body 200 .
  • FIG. 7 there is shown a view similar to the views shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 showing seal 100 installed in body 200 of a coupling.
  • seal 100 When seal 100 is operated at relatively high pressures, such as 30,000 psi, relatively high-stress contact regions are formed on probe 204 , retaining wall 202 and body 200 . These high-stress contact regions are indicated by reference numbers 250 . High contact stresses are needed to prevent leakage of high pressure fluids.
  • seal 100 does not have a tapered thickness as does seal 50 . If seal 50 was installed in the body of the coupling as shown in FIGS. 4-7 instead of seal 100 , the tapered thickness would allow an increase in the lateral offset of probe 204 .
  • Seal 300 has a substantially annular shape and a predetermined degree of resiliency. Seal 300 has a generally “j” shaped or hook-shaped cross-section. Seal 300 comprises first end portion 302 . First end portion 302 has a distal end 304 . Distal end 304 defines edge 305 . Seal 300 further comprises a generally curled second end portion 306 . Second end portion 306 includes arcuate or curved portion 307 . Second end portion 306 extends to distal end 308 . Distal end 308 defines edge 309 (see FIG.
  • Seal 300 further comprises central body portion 310 that is between and contiguous with first end portion 302 and second end portion 306 .
  • central body portion 310 has a generally frustro-conical shape.
  • central body portion 310 is configured so that it has neither a taper in material thickness nor any inflection points formed therein.
  • Seal 300 has first side 370 and opposite second side 372 .
  • Second end portion 306 curls in a direction indicated by arrow 373 in accordance with a predetermined radius of arcuate portion 307 such that distal end 308 is located across from first side 370 by a predetermined distance X 3 and distal ends 304 and 308 do not face each other.
  • Seal 300 has outer diameter D 1 , inner diameter D 2 , radial width W and height H.
  • first end portion 302 defines outer diameter D 1 .
  • first end portion 302 is slightly angulated in first direction 373 with respect to dashed reference line 390 .
  • the material thickness of seal 300 is substantially uniform and there is no taper in the material thickness.
  • the seal of the present invention conforming to FIGS. 8A-8C was tested in order to evaluate operating characteristics.
  • the seal tested had an outside diameter D 1 of about 80 mm, a radial width W of about 3.7 mm and a material thickness T of about 0.25 mm.
  • the seal was inserted between two coaxial cylindrical components.
  • the test apparatus was first pressurized with air at 700 Kpa (kilopascals).
  • the measured initial leakage was 0.0023 l/s (liters/second) without any offset applied to the cylindrical components.
  • a lateral offset was applied to the cylindrical components.
  • the lateral offset was introduced in stages and was increased to about 0.30 mm without any increase in leakage. When the lateral offset was increased to 0.35 mm, the leakage increased to approximately 0.017 l/s (liters/second).
  • a typical prior art axial C-seal having an outside diameter of about 80 mm reaches its limit for sealing efficacy when an offset between about 0.025 to 0.050 mm is applied to the coaxial cylindrical components.
  • a small seal of the configuration shown in FIGS. 3A-3D was tested in order to evaluate sealing efficacy with respect to oil.
  • the seal had an outside diameter D 1 of about 19.13 mm, a radial width W of about 1.68 mm and a material thickness T of about 0.25 mm.
  • the seal was able to seal oil at 40,000 psi and was reusable following multiple “stabbing” connections.
  • This small diameter seal demonstrated sealing efficacy up to a 0.05 mm offset applied to the cylindrical components.
  • seal 500 in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Seal 500 has a substantially annular shape and a predetermined degree of resiliency.
  • Seal 500 has an outer diameter D 1 , an inner diameter D 2 , a radial width W and a height H (see FIG. 9C ).
  • the radial width W spans the tangency points.
  • Seal 500 has a generally hook-shaped cross-section.
  • Seal 500 comprises first end portion 502 .
  • First end portion 502 has a distal end 504 .
  • Distal end 504 defines edge 505 .
  • Seal 500 further comprises a generally curled second end portion 506 .
  • Second end portion 506 includes arcuate or curved portion 507 A.
  • Second end portion 506 includes portion 507 B which extends to distal end 508 . Second end portion 506 also includes a linear portion 507 C that is between and contiguous with portions 507 A and 507 B. The purpose of linear portion 507 C is discussed in the ensuing description. Distal end 508 defines edge 509 . Seal 500 further comprises central body portion 510 that is between and contiguous with first end portion 502 and second end portion 506 . In a preferred embodiment, central body portion 510 has a generally frustro-conical shape. Central body portion 510 is configured so that it does not have any inflection points formed therein. Seal 500 has first side 520 and opposite second side 522 .
  • second end portion 506 curls in a direction indicated by arrow 530 in accordance with a predetermined radius of arcuate or curved portion 507 A such that distal end 508 is located across from first side 520 by a predetermined distance X 4 .
  • end portion 502 defines inside diameter D 2 .
  • first end portion 502 is slightly angulated in first direction 530 with respect to dashed reference line 610 .
  • Portion 507 B of second end portion 506 slightly curls inward.
  • distal ends 504 and 508 do not directly face each other.
  • seal 500 has a uniform thickness.
  • seal 500 has a thickness that tapers in the direction of end portion 502 .
  • the length of generally linear portion 507 C and the radius of arcuate portion 507 A determine the distance X 4 which separates distal end 508 from side 520 of central body portion 510 .
  • increasing the radius of arcuate portion 507 A and the length of generally linear portion 507 C will increase distance X 4 .
  • seal 500 has generally the same operating characteristics as the other embodiments of the seal of the present invention described in the foregoing description.
  • seal 600 in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Seal 600 like seal 500 , is configured to be retrofitted to existing cavities that were originally designed for a different type of seal. As will be apparent from the ensuing description, the configuration of seal 600 is opposite to the configuration of seal 500 .
  • Seal 600 has a substantially annular shape and a predetermined degree of resiliency.
  • Seal 600 has a generally hook-shaped cross-section.
  • Seal 600 comprises first end portion 602 .
  • First end portion 602 has a distal end 604 . This distal end 604 defines edge 605 .
  • Seal 600 further comprises a generally curled second end portion 606 .
  • Second end portion 606 includes arcuate or curved portion 607 A.
  • Second end portion 606 includes portion 607 B which extends to distal end 608 .
  • Distal end portion 608 has edge 609 .
  • Second end portion 606 also includes a linear portion 607 C that is between and contiguous with portions 607 A and 607 B.
  • the purpose of linear portion 607 C is the same as linear portion 507 C of seal 500 discussed in the foregoing description.
  • Seal 600 further comprises central body portion 610 that is between and contiguous with first end portion 602 and second end portion 606 .
  • central body portion 610 has a generally frustro-conical shape.
  • Seal 600 has first side 640 and an opposite second side (not shown).
  • second end portion 606 curls in a direction in accordance with a predetermined radius of arcuate or curved portion 607 A such that distal end 608 is located across from first side 640 by a predetermined distance.
  • Portion 607 B of end portion 606 is slightly angulated inward as is portion 507 B of seal 500 .
  • Distal ends 604 and 608 do not directly face each other.
  • end portion 602 defines the outer diameter D 1 of seal 600 .
  • the material thickness of the seal 600 is substantially uniform.
  • seal 600 has a thickness that tapers in the direction of end portion 602 .
  • the length of generally linear portion 607 C and the radius of arcuate portion 607 A determine the distance which separates distal end 608 from side 640 .
  • increasing the radius of arcuate portion 607 A and the length of generally linear portion 607 C will increase the distance between side 640 and distal end 608 .
  • Decreasing the radius of arcuate portion 607 A and the length of linear portion 607 C decreases the distance between side 640 and distal end 608 .
  • FIGS. 11A , 11 B and 11 C there are shown various views of an internal pressure face seal 700 in accordance with a further embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 11C is an enlarged view of a portion of the view of FIG. 11B .
  • a comparison of external pressure face seal 700 (as shown in FIG. 11C ) to seal 300 of FIG. 8C shows that the configuration of seal 700 is based upon a rotation of seal 300 in a counter-clockwise orientation. The degree of rotation is about 90 degrees.
  • Seal 700 has a substantially annular shape and has predetermined degree of resiliency. Seal 700 has a generally “j” shaped or hook-shaped cross-section. Seal 700 comprises first end portion 702 . First end portion 702 has a distal end 704 .
  • Seal 700 further comprises a generally curled second end portion 706 that includes an arcuate or curved portion 707 . Second end portion 706 extends to distal end 708 . Distal end 708 defines edge 709 . Seal 700 further comprises central body portion 710 that is between and contiguous with first end portion 702 and second end portion 706 . In a preferred embodiment, central body portion 710 is configured so that it does not have any inflection points formed therein. Seal 700 has first side 720 and opposite second side 722 (see FIG. 11A ).
  • Second end portion 706 curls in a first direction 730 in accordance with a predetermined radius of arcuate portion 707 such that distal end 708 is located across from first side 720 by a predetermined distance and distal ends 704 and 708 do not face each other.
  • seal 700 has outer diameter D 1 and inner diameter D 2 .
  • end portion 702 defines inner diameter D 2 .
  • seal 700 is configured so that when the seal 700 is positioned as shown in FIG. 11A , central body portion 710 is not upstanding or vertical, but rather, is in a somewhat generally horizontal position as shown in FIG. 11C .
  • first end portion 702 is slightly angulated in first direction 730 .
  • seal 700 has a thickness that is uniform. In an alternate embodiment, seal 700 is configured to have a thickness that tapers in the direction of distal end portion 702 .
  • Component 780 has groove 782 within which seal 700 is positioned.
  • Component 780 includes wall portion 784 and inner surface 785 .
  • Inner surface 785 tangentially contacts end portion 706 of seal 700 .
  • Wall portion 784 is a flow-improvement feature which may or may not be present.
  • Component 790 is above component 780 and has inner surface 792 .
  • Inner surface 792 contacts seal 700 tangentially at end portion 702 .
  • FIGS. 12A , 12 B and 12 C there are shown various views of an external pressure face seal 800 in accordance with a further embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 12C is an enlarged view of a portion of the view of FIG. 12B .
  • a comparison of external pressure face seal 800 (as shown in FIG. 12C ) to seal 300 of FIG. 8C shows that the configuration of seal 800 is based on rotation of seal section 300 in a clock-wise direction. Preferably, the degree of rotation is about 90 degrees.
  • Seal 800 has a substantially annular shape and has predetermined degree of resiliency. Seal 800 has a generally “j” shaped or hook-shaped cross-section. Seal 800 comprises first end portion 802 . First end portion 802 has a distal end 804 .
  • Seal 800 further comprises a generally curled second end portion 806 that includes an arcuate or curved portion 807 . Second end portion 806 extends to distal end 808 . Distal end 808 defines edge 809 . Seal 800 further comprises central body portion 810 that is between and contiguous with first end portion 802 and second end portion 806 . In a preferred embodiment, central body portion 810 is configured so that it does not have any inflection points formed therein. Seal 800 has first side 820 and opposite second side 822 .
  • Second end portion 806 curls in a first direction 830 in accordance with a predetermined radius of arcuate portion 807 such that distal end 808 is located across from first side 820 by a predetermined distance and distal ends 804 and 808 do not face each other.
  • seal 800 has outer diameter D 1 and inner diameter D 2 .
  • end portion 802 defines outer diameter D 1 .
  • seal 800 is configured so that when the seal 800 is positioned as shown in FIG. 12A , central body portion 810 is not upstanding or vertical, but rather, is in a somewhat general horizontal position.
  • first end portion 802 is slightly angulated in first direction 830 .
  • seal 800 has a thickness that is uniform. In an alternate embodiment, seal 800 is configured to have a thickness that tapers in the direction of distal end portion 802 .
  • external pressure face seal 800 installed between two components that are in a confronting relationship.
  • Component 880 has cavity or channel 882 within which external pressure face seal 800 is positioned.
  • Component 880 includes wall portion 884 and inner surface 885 .
  • Inner surface 885 tangentially contacts a portion of end 806 of seal 800 .
  • Component 890 is above component 880 and has inner surface 892 that tangentially contacts seal 800 at end portion 802 .
  • seal 700 and 800 Due to the configuration of seals 700 and 800 , these seals do not undergo extensive plastic deformation.
  • An important feature and advantage of seal 700 and seal 800 is that these seals are capable of elastic recovery of over 8% of their uncompressed height, even after operating at high pressures and temperatures.
  • a characteristic of seals 700 and 800 is that when either of these seals has a relatively small diameter, they deflect relatively more in flexure of their cross-sections than in torsion. In contrast, seals having a relatively large diameter-to-cross-section ratio accommodate more of the input deflection in torsion.
  • the seals of the present invention may be installed between surfaces that form various geometrical shapes.
  • FIGS. 13A and 13B there is shown seal 900 that is installed between components 901 and 902 .
  • Components 901 and 902 have generally conical surfaces.
  • FIG. 13A shows seal 900 just prior to complete installation and
  • FIG. 13B shows seal 900 after it is completely installed.
  • the structure of seal 900 is basically the structure of seal 300 with the cross-section of seal 300 rotated forty-five (45) degrees.
  • component 901 has extending conical surface 904 and component 902 has extending conical surface 906 .
  • a portion of seal 900 indicated by reference number 994 , abuts surface 904 .
  • Another portion of seal 900 indicated by reference number 996 , abuts surface 906 .
  • the seal of the present invention may be fabricated from a variety of materials.
  • the seal of the present invention is fabricated from a ductile, corrosion resistant, high strength metal.
  • the metal must be suitable for continuous use at 1300 degrees F.
  • Suitable metals for fabricating the seal of the present invention include nickel based alloys, nickel super alloys, nickel-cobalt alloys, copper based alloys, aluminum-based alloys and stainless steel.
  • Other suitable metals and alloys include a precipitation hardened, high-temperature alloy such as Waspaloy or Inconel.
  • One such suitable nickel alloy is Nickel Alloy 718 which has been found to have excellent properties at both low and elevated temperatures.
  • Coatings may be applied to the sliding contact surfaces of the seal to enhance sealing efficiency and/or reduce wear.
  • the seal of the present invention is fabricated from composite materials. In a further embodiment, the seal of the present invention is fabricated from a ceramic material.
  • the seal of the present invention when used between two concentric cylindrical surfaces, is retained in position on one or more of the two cylindrical surfaces by interference fit between the cylindrical diameter and the relatively stiff annular portion of the seal.
  • the other annular portion of the seal either the external or internal annular portion, is designed to be more flexible and exerts a relatively light interference force against the co-operating cylindrical surface. This enables sliding motion to take place at the co-operating cylindrical surface, while ensuring fluid containment at that location.
  • existing slip joints are modified to provide an annular sealing cavity.
  • the seal is mounted on the inner cylindrical surface and slidingly engages the outer cylindrical surface with the more resilient leg of the seal's “J” shaped cross-section or hook-shaped cross-section so as to accommodate axial and radial thermal expansion movements.
  • the seal Since the seal is retained to one cylindrical surface, the seal does not “walk” along the cylindrical surfaces when vibrations are present as do many prior art seals that merely lightly engage both cylindrical surfaces. In contrast, the seal of the present invention is displaced a distance that is solely due to the design conditions involving mechanical movements, thermal excursions, etc.
  • the present invention provides a resilient seal for high-pressure systems and connectors.
  • the seal of the present invention may be used.
  • One such application is to provide improved sealing in exhaust-gas containment and recirculation ducting systems for modern, ecologically superior, highly efficient diesel truck engines.
  • lubricating oils may be applied to the cylindrical surfaces of the sealing cavities to facilitate assembly.
  • Tribological coatings may be applied to the seal of the present invention to reduce wear.
  • Other coatings, such as silver or gold, may be beneficially applied to the seal or its contact surfaces in order to improve its sealing efficiency.
  • soft, lubricious or anti-galling, low-friction coatings may be applied to the seal's contact surfaces.
  • the seal of the present invention has several significant advantages. Referring to FIGS. 2A-2C , one advantage is the flexibility of second end portion 56 which allows said second end portion to be deflected radially by a lower force. Another advantage is that central body portion 60 deflects easily and thus may be deflected to accommodate an off-center probe without plastic deformation of this region.
  • the seal of the present invention may be fabricated from material that is relatively thicker than the material used to fabricate prior art axial C-seal without an appreciable increase in insertion force or galling tendencies. When the seal of the present invention is made with such relatively thicker material, the greater material thickness and a close proximity between the installed probe and the deflected central body portion of the seal allow the seal to withstand the application of higher operating pressures without significant permanent deformation.
  • the seal of the present invention exhibits a high degree of reliability in accommodating multiple insertions of a probe.
  • the frustro-conical geometry of the seal's central body portion is advantageous for dynamic, sliding applications, albeit at slow speeds, because of reduction of contact stresses.
  • FIGS. 14 , 15 and 16 there are shown alternate embodiments of the seals of the present invention wherein each seal is configured to have a curvature.
  • FIG. 14 shows a cross-sectional view, similar to the view of FIG. 3C , of a seal in accordance with an alternate embodiment of present invention.
  • Seal 100 ′ is generally the same as seal 100 of FIG. 3A except that seal 100 ′ has a curvature.
  • Seal 100 ′ has a generally “j” shaped or hook-shaped cross-section and comprises first end portion 102 ′.
  • First end portion 102 ′ has a distal end 104 ′.
  • Distal end 104 ′ defines edge 105 ′.
  • Seal 100 ′ further comprises a generally curled second end portion 106 ′ that has curved or arcuate portion 107 ′. Curled second end portion 106 ′ extends to distal end 108 ′. Distal end 108 ′ defines edge 110 ′.
  • Seal 100 ′ further comprises central body portion 120 ′ that is between and contiguous with first end portion 102 ′ and second end portion 106 ′.
  • central body portion 120 ′ has a generally frustro-conical shape.
  • central body portion 120 ′ has a curvature or a “curving” geometry generally indicated by reference number 1000 .
  • Seal 100 ′ has first side 130 ′ and opposite second side 132 ′. Second end portion 106 ′ curls in a first direction in accordance with a predetermined radius of arcuate portion 107 ′ such that distal end 108 ′ is located across from first side 130 ′ and distal ends 104 ′ and 108 ′ do not face each other.
  • the material thickness of seal 100 ′ is uniform throughout. In an alternate embodiment, the material thickness of seal 100 ′ is tapered.
  • seal 800 ′ which is an alternate embodiment of seal 800 of FIGS. 12A , 12 B and 12 C.
  • Seal 800 ′ has generally the same construction as seal 800 except that seal 800 ′ has a curvature.
  • the view shown in FIG. 15 is similar to the cross-sectional view shown in FIG. 12C .
  • Seal 800 ′ has a generally “j” shaped or hook-shaped cross-section.
  • Seal 800 ′ comprises first end portion 802 ′.
  • First end portion 802 ′ has a distal end 804 ′. This distal end defines edge 805 ′.
  • Seal 800 ′ further comprises a generally curled second end portion 806 ′ that includes an arcuate or curved portion 807 ′.
  • Second end portion 806 ′ extends to distal end 808 ′.
  • Distal end 808 ′ defines edge 809 ′.
  • Seal 800 ′ further comprises central body portion 810 ′ that is between and contiguous with first end portion 802 ′ and second end portion 806 ′.
  • central body portion 810 ′ is configured so that it has a curvature or “curving” geometry generally indicated by reference number 1100 .
  • Seal 800 ′ has first side 820 ′ and opposite second side 822 ′.
  • Second end portion 806 ′ curls in a first direction 830 ′ in accordance with a predetermined radius of arcuate portion 807 ′ such that distal end 808 ′ is located across from first side 820 ′ by a predetermined distance and distal ends 804 ′ and 808 ′ do not face each other.
  • seal 700 ′ which is an alternate embodiment of seal 700 shown in FIGS. 11A , 11 B and 11 C.
  • the view shown in FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view that is similar to the view shown in FIG. 11C .
  • Seal 700 ′ has generally the same structure as seal 700 except seal 700 ′ has a curvature.
  • Seal 700 ′ has a generally “j” shaped or hook-shaped cross-section.
  • Seal 700 ′ comprises first end portion 702 ′.
  • First end portion 702 ′ has a distal end 704 ′.
  • Distal end defines edge 705 ′.
  • Seal 700 ′ further comprises a generally curled second end portion 706 ′ that includes an arcuate or curved portion 707 ′.
  • Second end portion 706 ′ extends to distal end 708 ′.
  • Distal end 708 ′ defines edge 709 ′.
  • Seal 700 ′ further comprises central body portion 710 ′ that is between and contiguous with first end portion 702 ′ and second end portion 706 ′.
  • central body portion 710 ′ is configured so that it has a curvature or a “curving” geometry generally indicated by reference number 1200 .
  • Seal 700 ′ has first side 720 ′ and an opposite second side (not shown).
  • Second end portion 706 ′ curls in a first direction 730 ′ in accordance with a predetermined radius of arcuate portion 707 ′ such that distal end 708 ′ is located across from first side 720 ′ by a predetermined distance and distal ends 704 ′ and 708 ′ do not face each other.
  • the material thickness of the seals can be varied at different locations on the seal and do not have to be uniform. Other modifications are possible.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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US11/813,879 2005-01-28 2005-01-28 Resilient Seal Abandoned US20080224422A1 (en)

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ES (2) ES2746949T3 (pt)
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US20100001477A1 (en) * 2008-07-07 2010-01-07 General Electric Company Gasket for providing a seal between two objects
US20130207349A1 (en) * 2012-02-09 2013-08-15 Cameron International Corporation Lip Seal
US20140041372A1 (en) * 2010-12-21 2014-02-13 Doosan Infracore Co., Ltd. Exhaust manifold for preventing condensate and gas leakage in engine
WO2015009638A1 (en) * 2013-07-17 2015-01-22 American Seal And Engineering Company, Inc. High-pressure bi-directional sealing system
US20150102565A1 (en) * 2013-09-25 2015-04-16 MTU Aero Engines AG Unknown
US20150360795A1 (en) * 2014-06-17 2015-12-17 The Boeing Company Fire Seal for an Aircraft
US10914383B2 (en) 2017-05-09 2021-02-09 Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corporation Seal, assembly, and methods of using the same

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JP2013085913A (ja) * 2011-10-22 2013-05-13 San Medical Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk 摺動装置、メカニカルシール、回転装置、ポンプ及び補助人工心臓システム
US20130113168A1 (en) * 2011-11-04 2013-05-09 Paul M. Lutjen Metal gasket for a gas turbine engine
US9394996B2 (en) * 2013-06-11 2016-07-19 Delavan Inc Sealing device
US11466583B2 (en) * 2019-11-04 2022-10-11 General Electric Company Seal for a gas turbine engine
WO2021133584A1 (en) 2019-12-27 2021-07-01 Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corporation Dynamic seal
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US20100001477A1 (en) * 2008-07-07 2010-01-07 General Electric Company Gasket for providing a seal between two objects
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US20130207349A1 (en) * 2012-02-09 2013-08-15 Cameron International Corporation Lip Seal
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WO2015009638A1 (en) * 2013-07-17 2015-01-22 American Seal And Engineering Company, Inc. High-pressure bi-directional sealing system
US11002391B2 (en) 2013-07-17 2021-05-11 Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corporation High pressure bi-directional sealing system
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US9643733B2 (en) * 2014-06-17 2017-05-09 The Boeing Company Fire seal for an aircraft
US10914383B2 (en) 2017-05-09 2021-02-09 Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corporation Seal, assembly, and methods of using the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3591275A1 (en) 2020-01-08
US20100259016A1 (en) 2010-10-14
EP3073164A1 (en) 2016-09-28
PT3073164T (pt) 2019-10-18
ES2606757T3 (es) 2017-03-27
US8152172B2 (en) 2012-04-10
EP1841997A1 (en) 2007-10-10
EP1841997B1 (en) 2016-11-02
EP1841997A4 (en) 2011-05-25
EP3073164B1 (en) 2019-07-10
PL2040576T3 (pl) 2017-02-28
PL1841997T3 (pl) 2017-02-28
HUE030582T2 (en) 2017-05-29
WO2006085853A1 (en) 2006-08-17
ES2746949T3 (es) 2020-03-09

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