US20080205332A1 - Hybrid proactive on-demand routing in wireless networks - Google Patents
Hybrid proactive on-demand routing in wireless networks Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20080205332A1 US20080205332A1 US12/035,291 US3529108A US2008205332A1 US 20080205332 A1 US20080205332 A1 US 20080205332A1 US 3529108 A US3529108 A US 3529108A US 2008205332 A1 US2008205332 A1 US 2008205332A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- routing
- association information
- information management
- station association
- management scheme
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
- H04W40/24—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update
- H04W40/26—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update for hybrid routing by combining proactive and reactive routing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
- H04W84/22—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks with access to wired networks
Definitions
- the present invention is related to wireless networks, and, more specifically, to a new class of hybrid proactive on-demand routing protocols for wireless networks, enabling a scalable way of routing information management at each node of the network.
- a routing protocol to direct packets or frames between nodes through multiple hops
- IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
- MANET mobile ad hoc network
- WLAN IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN
- non-mesh stations e.g., devices running 802.11a/b/g and non-802.11 Ethernet protocols
- MAPs mesh access points
- MPPs portals
- a MAP or an MPP can set up an end-to-end path to and/or from associated STAs that it serves as a routing proxy.
- each MP needs to maintain the association information of all the STAs in the network, together with a regular routing table for MPs.
- RA-OLSR Radio Aware—Optimized Link State Routing
- a fisheye-scope-based Global Association Base (GAB) management scheme where the priority of an entry is the reverse of the hop count of its associated MAP/MPP from the MP, which can be easily applicable to the case of management of general routing information.
- GAB Global Association Base
- the GAB at MP 5 in FIG. 1 can maintain only those entries whose associated MAPs/MPPs are two or less hops away from MP 5 .
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example of a wireless mesh network.
- the present invention is used on the WLAN mesh and provides a scalable way of handling STA association information at each MP under the following assumptions: (These assumptions on the association information management are based on the RA-OLSR and for description purpose only; the current invention described here is not bound to any specific routing protocol or its implementations.
- Table 1 sets forth the GAB at MP 5 in FIG. 1 . In principle, it should maintain the association information of all those 13 STAs in the network shown in FIG. 1 as follows (in an actual implementation, more information fields, including a sequence number, expiration/valid time and a block index for each entry, are maintained—also, the MAC addresses of the STAs are shown in Table 1 and Table 2).
- One way of maintaining the GAB with a limited amount of memory is to use a certain priority for each entry when updating the table: For example, a FIFO-like GAB structure where the priority of each entry is its freshness (i.e., the time when its advertisement was received) could be used.
- the present invention provides a fisheye-scope-based GAB management scheme where the priority of an entry is the reverse of the hop count of its associated MAP/MPP from the MP.
- the GAB at MP 5 in FIG. 1 can maintain only those entries whose associated MAPs/MPPs are two or less hops away from MP 5 .
- the GAB is as follows:
- One of the advantages of the fisheye-scope-based GAB management scheme of the present invention is that it can systematically control the use of the on-demand routing setup procedures and the response time to Route Request (RREQ) during those procedures.
- RREQ Route Request
- every MP in FIG. 1 adopts the same policy as shown in Table 2, i.e., maintaining STA entries whose associated MAPs/MPPs are two or less hops away from it.
- Table 2 i.e., maintaining STA entries whose associated MAPs/MPPs are two or less hops away from it.
- the RREQ messages generated and broadcasted by its associated MAP/MPP are responded to by those MAPs/MPPs that are two hops away from the MAP/MPP associated with the destination STA.
- the RREQ messages generated by MAP 2 can be responded to by MP 7 in the middle. Note that in the on-demand routing protocol, the RREQ messages should reach and be responded to by MPP 1 in the worst case, using four more hops in total.
- the said fisheye-scope-based STA association information management scheme can be many variations. For example, one can easily think of the mixed priority of fisheye-scope and the freshness of an entry. Also, the STAs associated with MPPs connected to wired infrastructures (e.g., MPP 1 in FIG. 1 ) can be given special priorities over other STAs when updating the association information.
- the present invention relates to the issue of STA association information management in a WLAN mesh
- the solution described here can be easily applicable to the general, but easier problem of management of routing information (i.e., the list (or table) of destinations and their routes) at each node in both WLAN mesh and MANET.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Key scalability issues in the management of routing information at each node in wireless networks running a proactive routing protocol have been identified and a solution is set forth based on hybrid proactive on-demand routing with focus on the STA association information management at each MP in a WLAN mesh. A fisheye-scope-based GAB management scheme is described where the priority of an entry is the reverse of the hop count of its associated MAP/MPP from the MP, which can be easily applicable to the case of management of general routing information. For example, the GAB proposed can maintain only those entries whose associated MAPs/MPPs are two or less hops away from the MP.
Description
- The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/891,122 filed on Feb. 22, 2007, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.
- The present invention is related to wireless networks, and, more specifically, to a new class of hybrid proactive on-demand routing protocols for wireless networks, enabling a scalable way of routing information management at each node of the network.
- In a wireless network that uses a routing protocol to direct packets or frames between nodes through multiple hops, e.g., Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) mobile ad hoc network (MANET) and IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN (WLAN) mesh network, the management of routing information at each node is an important issue. In the case of a proactive (table-driven) routing protocol where a list of destinations and their routes are proactively maintained at each node, the issue becomes critical as the number of nodes in the network increases.
- In a MANET, maintaining a huge list of destinations and their routes (typically in a table) all the time could be a problem especially for those small devices that are mobile and battery-powered. In case of WLAN mesh, the issue becomes more complicated. As shown in
FIG. 1 , non-mesh stations (STAs) (e.g., devices running 802.11a/b/g and non-802.11 Ethernet protocols) can participate in mesh routing indirectly through their associated mesh access points (MAPs) or mesh points collocated with portals (MPPs). Using a 6-address scheme, a MAP or an MPP can set up an end-to-end path to and/or from associated STAs that it serves as a routing proxy. (Note that inside the mesh networks, frames are relayed only through mesh points (MPs), including MAPs and MPPs, and that STAs and their addresses are not visible in this forwarding process.) For this purpose, in a proactive routing protocol (e.g., Radio Aware—Optimized Link State Routing (RA-OLSR)) each MP needs to maintain the association information of all the STAs in the network, together with a regular routing table for MPs. Because in a typical wireless mesh network the number of STAs is much bigger than that of MPs, a scalable way of handling STA association information together with MP routing information is critical, especially in large-scale deployments that could include several hundreds or even thousands of STAs. - Key scalability issues in the management of routing information at each node in wireless networks running a proactive routing protocol have been identified and a solution is set forth based on hybrid proactive on-demand routing with focus on the STA association information management at each MP in a WLAN mesh.
- According to the present invention, a fisheye-scope-based Global Association Base (GAB) management scheme is described where the priority of an entry is the reverse of the hop count of its associated MAP/MPP from the MP, which can be easily applicable to the case of management of general routing information. For example, the GAB at MP5 in
FIG. 1 can maintain only those entries whose associated MAPs/MPPs are two or less hops away from MP5. - The aforementioned and other features and objects of the present invention and the manner of attaining them will become more apparent, and the invention itself will be best understood, by reference to the following description of a preferred embodiment taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example of a wireless mesh network. - The Hybrid Proactive On-Demand Routing Protocol according to the present invention is described in detail below.
- Because the management of routing information at each node in a network is more complicated and critical in a WLAN mesh network than in a MANET network due to the aforementioned issue of STA association information handling, the present invention is used on the WLAN mesh and provides a scalable way of handling STA association information at each MP under the following assumptions: (These assumptions on the association information management are based on the RA-OLSR and for description purpose only; the current invention described here is not bound to any specific routing protocol or its implementations.
-
- Each MP (including MAP and MPP) maintains a global association base (GAB), a table showing which STA is associated with which MAP or MPP;
- In addition, each MAP/MPP also maintains a local association base (LAB), a table showing STAs that are associated with itself; and
- Each MAP/MPP periodically advertises the contents of its LAB to the whole network.
Note that the GAB is a union of all the LABs in the network.
- Table 1 sets forth the GAB at MP5 in
FIG. 1 . In principle, it should maintain the association information of all those 13 STAs in the network shown inFIG. 1 as follows (in an actual implementation, more information fields, including a sequence number, expiration/valid time and a block index for each entry, are maintained—also, the MAC addresses of the STAs are shown in Table 1 and Table 2). -
TABLE 1 GAB at MP5 in FIG. 1 STA MAP/MPP STA1.1 MAP1 STA1.2 MAP1 STA1.3 MAP1 STA2.1 MAP2 STA2.2 MAP2 STA3.1 MAP3 STA3.2 MAP3 STA3.3 MAP3 STAx.1 MPP1 STAx.2 MPP1 STAx.3 MPP1 STAx.4 MPP1 STAx.5 MPP1 - One way of maintaining the GAB with a limited amount of memory is to use a certain priority for each entry when updating the table: For example, a FIFO-like GAB structure where the priority of each entry is its freshness (i.e., the time when its advertisement was received) could be used.
- In reality, however, a more intelligent scheme than the above example is needed, especially considering the use of on-demand routing setup procedures that will be described later. In other words, because the use of on-demand routing setup procedures in a proactive routing protocol is now unavoidable due to the limit in the size of GAB (i.e., the number of entries) at each MP, the ideal GAB management scheme should minimize (1) the use of those procedures and (2) the related response time.
- Of many possibilities, the present invention provides a fisheye-scope-based GAB management scheme where the priority of an entry is the reverse of the hop count of its associated MAP/MPP from the MP. For example, the GAB at MP5 in
FIG. 1 can maintain only those entries whose associated MAPs/MPPs are two or less hops away from MP5. In this case, the GAB is as follows: -
TABLE 2 GAB at MP5 in FIG. 1 under fisheye-scope-based management scheme STA MAP/MPP STA1.1 MAP1 STA1.2 MAP1 STA1.3 MAP1 STA2.1 MAP2 STA2.2 MAP2 STA3.1 MAP3 STA3.2 MAP3 STA3.3 MAP3 - One of the advantages of the fisheye-scope-based GAB management scheme of the present invention is that it can systematically control the use of the on-demand routing setup procedures and the response time to Route Request (RREQ) during those procedures.
- Assume that every MP in
FIG. 1 adopts the same policy as shown in Table 2, i.e., maintaining STA entries whose associated MAPs/MPPs are two or less hops away from it. Under this policy, we can guarantee that there is always an instant communication path between any two STAs whose MAPs/MPPs are two or less hops away from each other. On the other hand, when a source STA wants to communication with a destination STA more than two hops away, the RREQ messages generated and broadcasted by its associated MAP/MPP are responded to by those MAPs/MPPs that are two hops away from the MAP/MPP associated with the destination STA. For example, when STA2.1 wants to communicate with STAx.1, the RREQ messages generated by MAP2 can be responded to by MP7 in the middle. Note that in the on-demand routing protocol, the RREQ messages should reach and be responded to by MPP1 in the worst case, using four more hops in total. - Of course, there can be many variations of the said fisheye-scope-based STA association information management scheme. For example, one can easily think of the mixed priority of fisheye-scope and the freshness of an entry. Also, the STAs associated with MPPs connected to wired infrastructures (e.g., MPP1 in
FIG. 1 ) can be given special priorities over other STAs when updating the association information. - Note that although the present invention relates to the issue of STA association information management in a WLAN mesh, the solution described here can be easily applicable to the general, but easier problem of management of routing information (i.e., the list (or table) of destinations and their routes) at each node in both WLAN mesh and MANET.
- While there have been described above the principles of the present invention in conjunction with specific memory architectures and methods of operation, it is to be clearly understood that the foregoing description is made only by way of example and not as a limitation to the scope of the invention. Particularly, it is recognized that the teachings of the foregoing disclosure will suggest other modifications to those persons skilled in the relevant art. Such modifications may involve other features which are already known per se and which may be used instead of or in addition to features already described herein. Although claims have been formulated in this application to particular combinations of features, it should be understood that the scope of the disclosure herein also includes any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed either explicitly or implicitly or any generalization or modification thereof which would be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art, whether or not such relates to the same invention as presently claimed in any claim and whether or not it mitigates any or all of the same technical problems as confronted by the present invention. The applicant hereby reserves the right to formulate new claims to such features and/or combinations of such features during the prosecution of the present application or of any further application derived therefrom.
Claims (20)
1. A fisheye-scope-based routing and station association information management scheme for a multi-hop wireless network comprising routing and station association information wherein the priority of an entry is the reverse of the hop count of its associated MAP from the MP.
2. The routing and station association information management scheme of claim 1 wherein the routing and station association information maintains only those entries whose associated MAPs are two or less hops away from the MP.
3. The routing and station association information management scheme of claim 1 wherein there is a guaranteed instant communication path between any two STAs whose MAPs are two or less hops away from each other.
4. The routing and station association information management scheme of claim 1 wherein, when a source STA wants to communicate with a destination STA more than two hops away, an RREQ message generated and broadcasted by its associated MAP is responded to by those MAPs that are two hops away from the MAP associated with the destination STA.
5. The routing and station association information management scheme of claim 4 wherein the RREQ message should reach and be responded to by the MAP in no more than four hops in total.
6. The routing and station association information management scheme of claim 1 wherein the routing and station association information entry comprises a mixed priority of fisheye-scope and the freshness of the entry.
7. The routing and station association information management scheme of claim 1 wherein the STAs associated with wired infrastructures are given special priorities over other STAs when updating the association information.
8. The routing and station association information management scheme of claim 1 wherein the wireless network comprises a WLAN.
9. The routing and station association information management scheme of claim 1 wherein the wireless network comprises a node of WLAN.
10. The routing and station association information management scheme of claim 1 wherein the wireless network comprises a MANET.
11. A fisheye-scope-based routing and station association information management scheme for a multi-hop wireless network comprising routing and station association information wherein the priority of an entry is the reverse of the hop count of its associated MPP from the MP.
12. The routing and station association information management scheme of claim 11 wherein the routing and station association information maintains only those entries whose associated MPPs are two or less hops away from the MP.
13. The routing and station association information management scheme of claim 11 wherein there is a guaranteed instant communication path between any two STAs whose MPPs are two or less hops away from each other.
14. The routing and station association information management scheme of claim 11 wherein, when a source STA wants to communicate with a destination STA more than two hops away, an RREQ message generated and broadcasted by its associated MPP is responded to by those MPPs that are two hops away from the MPP associated with the destination STA.
15. The routing and station association information management scheme of claim 14 wherein the RREQ message should reach and be responded to by the MPP in no more than four hops in total.
16. The routing and station association information management scheme of claim 11 wherein the routing and station association information entry comprises a mixed priority of fisheye-scope and the freshness of the entry.
17. The routing and station association information management scheme of claim 11 wherein the STAs associated with wired infrastructures are given special priorities over other STAs when updating the association information.
18. The routing and station association information management scheme of claim 11 wherein the wireless network comprises a WLAN.
19. The routing and station association information management scheme of claim 11 wherein the wireless network comprises a node of WLAN.
20. The routing and station association information management scheme of claim 11 wherein the wireless network comprises a MANET.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/035,291 US20080205332A1 (en) | 2007-02-22 | 2008-02-21 | Hybrid proactive on-demand routing in wireless networks |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US89112207P | 2007-02-22 | 2007-02-22 | |
US12/035,291 US20080205332A1 (en) | 2007-02-22 | 2008-02-21 | Hybrid proactive on-demand routing in wireless networks |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20080205332A1 true US20080205332A1 (en) | 2008-08-28 |
Family
ID=39715796
Family Applications (8)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/035,368 Active 2029-12-27 US8045993B2 (en) | 2007-02-22 | 2008-02-21 | Fair channel use in a wireless area network |
US12/035,268 Active 2030-01-25 US7983703B2 (en) | 2007-02-22 | 2008-02-21 | Prioritized common subframe to provide better service to the overlapping areas in a community |
US12/035,380 Active 2030-01-28 US7965786B2 (en) | 2007-02-22 | 2008-02-21 | Clean sensing for dynamic frequency hopping in dynamic spectrum access networks |
US12/035,374 Active 2030-04-10 US8031681B2 (en) | 2007-02-22 | 2008-02-21 | Communication between overlapping WRAN cells working in different channels |
US12/035,291 Abandoned US20080205332A1 (en) | 2007-02-22 | 2008-02-21 | Hybrid proactive on-demand routing in wireless networks |
US13/168,687 Active 2028-04-01 US8364187B2 (en) | 2007-02-22 | 2011-06-24 | Prioritized common subframe to provide better service to the overlapping areas in a community |
US13/174,127 Active US8249033B2 (en) | 2007-02-22 | 2011-06-30 | Communication between overlapping WRAN cells working in different channels |
US13/243,580 Active US8285297B2 (en) | 2007-02-22 | 2011-09-23 | Fair channel use in a wireless area network |
Family Applications Before (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/035,368 Active 2029-12-27 US8045993B2 (en) | 2007-02-22 | 2008-02-21 | Fair channel use in a wireless area network |
US12/035,268 Active 2030-01-25 US7983703B2 (en) | 2007-02-22 | 2008-02-21 | Prioritized common subframe to provide better service to the overlapping areas in a community |
US12/035,380 Active 2030-01-28 US7965786B2 (en) | 2007-02-22 | 2008-02-21 | Clean sensing for dynamic frequency hopping in dynamic spectrum access networks |
US12/035,374 Active 2030-04-10 US8031681B2 (en) | 2007-02-22 | 2008-02-21 | Communication between overlapping WRAN cells working in different channels |
Family Applications After (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/168,687 Active 2028-04-01 US8364187B2 (en) | 2007-02-22 | 2011-06-24 | Prioritized common subframe to provide better service to the overlapping areas in a community |
US13/174,127 Active US8249033B2 (en) | 2007-02-22 | 2011-06-30 | Communication between overlapping WRAN cells working in different channels |
US13/243,580 Active US8285297B2 (en) | 2007-02-22 | 2011-09-23 | Fair channel use in a wireless area network |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (8) | US8045993B2 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102387562A (en) * | 2011-11-25 | 2012-03-21 | 广州杰赛科技股份有限公司 | Temperature-based wireless mesh network routing method and wireless mesh network |
CN103906163A (en) * | 2014-04-17 | 2014-07-02 | 上海电机学院 | Safe point-to-point routing method based on fisheye domain |
CN105007201A (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2015-10-28 | 广东欧珀移动通信有限公司 | Method for accessing network, wireless sound box and system |
CN105072176A (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2015-11-18 | 广东欧珀移动通信有限公司 | Wireless connection method and device for playing system |
WO2017101575A1 (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2017-06-22 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Wireless ad hoc network routing method and device |
CN107979498A (en) * | 2018-01-03 | 2018-05-01 | 深圳市吉祥腾达科技有限公司 | A kind of mesh network clusters and the big document transmission method based on the cluster |
US11646962B1 (en) | 2020-10-23 | 2023-05-09 | Rockwell Collins, Inc. | Zero overhead efficient flooding (ZOEF) oriented hybrid any-cast routing for mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) |
US11811642B2 (en) | 2018-07-27 | 2023-11-07 | GoTenna, Inc. | Vine™: zero-control routing using data packet inspection for wireless mesh networks |
Families Citing this family (55)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8045993B2 (en) | 2007-02-22 | 2011-10-25 | Stmicroelectronics, Inc. | Fair channel use in a wireless area network |
US8437314B2 (en) | 2007-02-22 | 2013-05-07 | Stmicroelectronics, Inc. | Radio frequency architecture for spectrum access networks |
CN101262680A (en) * | 2007-03-09 | 2008-09-10 | 华为技术有限公司 | Allocation method and system for channel measuring resources in wireless broadband access |
US8050223B2 (en) * | 2007-04-12 | 2011-11-01 | Wi-Lan Inc. | System and method for facilitating co-channel and co-existence via enhanced frame preambles |
US8948046B2 (en) * | 2007-04-27 | 2015-02-03 | Aerohive Networks, Inc. | Routing method and system for a wireless network |
US8107510B2 (en) * | 2007-05-04 | 2012-01-31 | Intel Corporation | Method and apparatus for non-cooperative coexistence between wireless communication protocols |
US7885313B2 (en) * | 2007-05-04 | 2011-02-08 | Intel Corporation | Method and apparatus for cooperative coexistence between wireless communication protocols |
US8780852B2 (en) | 2007-05-11 | 2014-07-15 | Stmicroelectronics, Inc. | Multi-channel inter base-station communication |
US8411622B2 (en) * | 2007-05-11 | 2013-04-02 | Stmicroelectronics, Inc. | Multi-channel inter base-station communication |
US8199707B2 (en) | 2007-05-11 | 2012-06-12 | Stmicroelectronics, Inc. | Inter-cell discovery and communication using time division multiple access coexistence beaconing protocol |
US9374791B2 (en) | 2007-09-21 | 2016-06-21 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Interference management utilizing power and attenuation profiles |
US9078269B2 (en) | 2007-09-21 | 2015-07-07 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Interference management utilizing HARQ interlaces |
US9066306B2 (en) | 2007-09-21 | 2015-06-23 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Interference management utilizing power control |
US9137806B2 (en) | 2007-09-21 | 2015-09-15 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Interference management employing fractional time reuse |
US8824979B2 (en) | 2007-09-21 | 2014-09-02 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Interference management employing fractional frequency reuse |
US8837305B2 (en) | 2007-11-27 | 2014-09-16 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Interference management in a wireless communication system using beam and null steering |
US8948095B2 (en) | 2007-11-27 | 2015-02-03 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Interference management in a wireless communication system using frequency selective transmission |
KR101512465B1 (en) * | 2008-05-08 | 2015-04-17 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Apparatus and method for enquiring information on channel condition cognitive radio wireless communication system |
US8218502B1 (en) | 2008-05-14 | 2012-07-10 | Aerohive Networks | Predictive and nomadic roaming of wireless clients across different network subnets |
US8600418B2 (en) * | 2008-09-10 | 2013-12-03 | Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute | Relay station for cell information exchange between adjacent BSs over air links in cellular systems |
KR101443213B1 (en) | 2008-10-10 | 2014-09-24 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Cognitive radio communication method using common control channel parameter allocated dynamically |
US9674892B1 (en) | 2008-11-04 | 2017-06-06 | Aerohive Networks, Inc. | Exclusive preshared key authentication |
KR101521095B1 (en) * | 2009-01-12 | 2015-05-20 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Method and system for controlling wireless communication channel |
US8483194B1 (en) | 2009-01-21 | 2013-07-09 | Aerohive Networks, Inc. | Airtime-based scheduling |
TWI395497B (en) * | 2009-04-20 | 2013-05-01 | Ralink Technology Corp | Method for scanning wireless channels, and apparatus and system for using the same |
US11115857B2 (en) | 2009-07-10 | 2021-09-07 | Extreme Networks, Inc. | Bandwidth sentinel |
US9900251B1 (en) * | 2009-07-10 | 2018-02-20 | Aerohive Networks, Inc. | Bandwidth sentinel |
US8995356B2 (en) * | 2009-10-14 | 2015-03-31 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Coding methods and apparatus for broadcast channels |
US8817709B2 (en) | 2009-10-14 | 2014-08-26 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Methods and apparatus for controlling channel utilization |
JP5785249B2 (en) | 2010-04-01 | 2015-09-24 | エルジー エレクトロニクス インコーポレイティド | Providing information so that various types of access points can coexist |
US8671187B1 (en) | 2010-07-27 | 2014-03-11 | Aerohive Networks, Inc. | Client-independent network supervision application |
WO2012030175A2 (en) | 2010-09-03 | 2012-03-08 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Method of making a coexistence decision on hybrid topology |
US9002277B2 (en) | 2010-09-07 | 2015-04-07 | Aerohive Networks, Inc. | Distributed channel selection for wireless networks |
US8483059B2 (en) * | 2010-09-15 | 2013-07-09 | Accelera Mobile Broadband, Inc. | Method for congestion avoidance in 4G networks |
US9065584B2 (en) | 2010-09-29 | 2015-06-23 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Method and apparatus for adjusting rise-over-thermal threshold |
WO2012102569A2 (en) * | 2011-01-27 | 2012-08-02 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Uplink power control method, user equipment, and base station |
KR20120100078A (en) * | 2011-03-03 | 2012-09-12 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Apparatus and method for supportting frequency hopping in broadcasting communication system |
US8675605B2 (en) | 2011-06-02 | 2014-03-18 | Broadcom Corporation | Frequency hopping in license-exempt/shared bands |
GB2486926B (en) * | 2011-06-02 | 2013-10-23 | Renesas Mobile Corp | Frequency hopping in license-exempt/shared bands |
US10091065B1 (en) | 2011-10-31 | 2018-10-02 | Aerohive Networks, Inc. | Zero configuration networking on a subnetted network |
US9565690B2 (en) | 2011-11-30 | 2017-02-07 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Medium access control method enhancement |
US20130176998A1 (en) * | 2012-01-06 | 2013-07-11 | Nokia Corporation | Mechanism For Coexistence Between Wireless Networks |
CN104769864B (en) | 2012-06-14 | 2018-05-04 | 艾诺威网络有限公司 | It is multicasted to unicast conversion technology |
US20140044150A1 (en) | 2012-08-13 | 2014-02-13 | Redline Communications, Inc. | System and method for interference triggered frequency hopping |
US9191063B2 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2015-11-17 | Rosemount Inc. | Channel grey listing |
US10389650B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2019-08-20 | Aerohive Networks, Inc. | Building and maintaining a network |
US9413772B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-08-09 | Aerohive Networks, Inc. | Managing rogue devices through a network backhaul |
JP2014236354A (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2014-12-15 | 株式会社Nttドコモ | Base station, user device, congestion state notification control method and switchover control method |
US9705739B1 (en) * | 2014-07-16 | 2017-07-11 | Sprint Spectrum L.P. | Systems and methods for configuring a unique access node identifier |
US9973935B2 (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2018-05-15 | Parallel Wireless, Inc. | SON-controlled DFS |
US20170041042A1 (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2017-02-09 | Acer Incorporated | Method of wireless communication in unlicensed spectrum and related apparatus using the same |
CN106559889A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2017-04-05 | 华为技术有限公司 | Information transferring method, transmitting node and receiving node |
US10341128B2 (en) * | 2016-03-12 | 2019-07-02 | Wipro Limited | Method and system for optimizing usage of network resources in a communication network |
US11323957B2 (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2022-05-03 | Intel Corporation | Apparatus, system, and method of channel switching |
US11632271B1 (en) | 2022-02-24 | 2023-04-18 | T-Mobile Usa, Inc. | Location-based channel estimation in wireless communication systems |
Citations (40)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5625626A (en) * | 1994-03-25 | 1997-04-29 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Method of automatically determining a transmission order of packet in a local area network and apparatus for same |
US5805633A (en) * | 1995-09-06 | 1998-09-08 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson | Method and apparatus for frequency planning in a multi-system cellular communication network |
US5862142A (en) * | 1994-06-22 | 1999-01-19 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Frequency hopping wireless communication system and communication equipment |
US6275518B1 (en) * | 1995-01-27 | 2001-08-14 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Frequency hopping radio LAN system and frequency hopping control method |
US20020009067A1 (en) * | 2000-07-04 | 2002-01-24 | Joachim Sachs | Method and device for improving the transmission efficiency in a communication system with a layered protocol stack |
US20020052206A1 (en) * | 1998-12-07 | 2002-05-02 | Fabio Longoni | Cell load control method and system |
US20020062388A1 (en) * | 2000-09-12 | 2002-05-23 | Ogier Richard G. | System and method for disseminating topology and link-state information to routing nodes in a mobile ad hoc network |
US6496498B1 (en) * | 1999-11-19 | 2002-12-17 | Siemens Information & Communication Mobile Llc | Method and system for avoiding periodic bursts of interference in wireless communication between a mobile unit and a base unit |
US20030013451A1 (en) * | 2001-05-03 | 2003-01-16 | Walton Jay R. | Method and apparatus for controlling uplink transmissions of a wireless communication system |
US20030033394A1 (en) * | 2001-03-21 | 2003-02-13 | Stine John A. | Access and routing protocol for ad hoc network using synchronous collision resolution and node state dissemination |
US20030117966A1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-06-26 | Priscilla Chen | Network protocol for wireless devices utilizing location information |
US20040072565A1 (en) * | 2002-08-01 | 2004-04-15 | Nec Corporation | Best-cell amendment method for amending hysteresis margin according to the degree of congestion |
US6744743B2 (en) * | 2000-03-30 | 2004-06-01 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Method and apparatus for controlling transmissions of a communications system |
US6763230B2 (en) * | 2001-02-20 | 2004-07-13 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Frequency-lock filtering receiver |
US20040142699A1 (en) * | 2001-05-02 | 2004-07-22 | Jollota James M. | Method and system for indicating link quality among neighboring wireless base station |
US20040266351A1 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2004-12-30 | Chuah Mooi Choo | Method and apparatus for dynamic frequency selection in a wireless communications network |
US20040266376A1 (en) * | 2003-05-07 | 2004-12-30 | Nicholas Paul Cowley | Tuner |
US6888819B1 (en) * | 2000-10-04 | 2005-05-03 | Yitran Communications Ltd. | Media access control utilizing synchronization signaling |
US20050157676A1 (en) * | 2003-07-23 | 2005-07-21 | Interdigital Technology Corporation | Method and apparatus for determining and managing congestion in a wireless communications system |
US20050226201A1 (en) * | 1999-05-28 | 2005-10-13 | Afx Technology Group International, Inc. | Node-to node messaging transceiver network with dynamec routing and configuring |
US20050239497A1 (en) * | 2004-04-23 | 2005-10-27 | Microsoft Corporation | Selecting a wireless networking technology on a device capable of carrying out wireless network communications via multiple wireless technologies |
US20050265283A1 (en) * | 2004-05-12 | 2005-12-01 | Intel Corporation | Ping-pong avoidance load balancing techniques and structures for wireless communication |
US20060013177A1 (en) * | 2004-07-14 | 2006-01-19 | Sony Corporation | Wireless communication system, wireless communication apparatus, wireless communication method, and computer program |
US7002927B2 (en) * | 2001-08-01 | 2006-02-21 | International Business Machines Corporation | Self-scaling network |
US20060142021A1 (en) * | 2004-12-29 | 2006-06-29 | Lucent Technologies, Inc. | Load balancing on shared wireless channels |
US20070111734A1 (en) * | 2005-11-11 | 2007-05-17 | Fujitsu Limited | Wireless network control method and device, and mobile communication system |
US20070117517A1 (en) * | 2005-11-04 | 2007-05-24 | Samsung Electonics Co., Ltd. | Method for dynamic frequency selection and system supporting the same in a cognitive radio wireless communication system |
US20070223419A1 (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2007-09-27 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Method and system for sharing spectrum in a wireless communications network |
US7280836B2 (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2007-10-09 | Symbol Technologies, Inc. | System and method for coexistence in wireless networks |
US20070243892A1 (en) * | 2004-04-14 | 2007-10-18 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Wireless Device |
US20070248067A1 (en) * | 2006-04-24 | 2007-10-25 | Raja Banerjea | 802.11 mesh architecture |
US20080159258A1 (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2008-07-03 | Baowei Ji | Enhanced coexistence beacon protocol (ecbp) for precise intercell synchronization of overlapping wireless base stations |
US20090003291A1 (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2009-01-01 | Stmicroelectronics, Inc. | Six-address scheme for multiple hop forwarding in wireless mesh networks |
US7508781B2 (en) * | 2003-03-25 | 2009-03-24 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Power saving mechanism for wireless LANs via schedule information vector |
US7609641B2 (en) * | 2004-11-05 | 2009-10-27 | Meshnetworks, Inc. | System and method for providing a congestion-aware routing metric for selecting a route between nodes in a multihopping communication network |
US7701910B2 (en) * | 2005-11-28 | 2010-04-20 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Reverse link load estimation using reference signal |
US7710919B2 (en) * | 2005-10-21 | 2010-05-04 | Samsung Electro-Mechanics | Systems, methods, and apparatuses for spectrum-sensing cognitive radios |
US7729696B2 (en) * | 2005-05-26 | 2010-06-01 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for accessing a wireless communication network |
US7813326B1 (en) * | 2005-05-27 | 2010-10-12 | Bluetronix Inc. | Swarm location service for mobile ad hoc network communications |
US7948930B2 (en) * | 2001-11-28 | 2011-05-24 | Millennial Net, Inc. | Network protocol |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7024165B2 (en) | 2001-06-14 | 2006-04-04 | Honeywell Federal Manufacturing & Technologies, Llc | ISM band to U-NII band frequency transverter and method of frequency transversion |
EP1723728B1 (en) | 2004-02-19 | 2019-10-16 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Scalable, cooperative, wireless networking for mobile connectivity |
US7529529B2 (en) | 2005-03-04 | 2009-05-05 | Intel Corporation | Low noise, high-linearity RF front end receiver |
US8077676B2 (en) | 2007-01-07 | 2011-12-13 | Futurewei Technologies, Inc. | System and method for wireless channel sensing |
US8045993B2 (en) | 2007-02-22 | 2011-10-25 | Stmicroelectronics, Inc. | Fair channel use in a wireless area network |
-
2008
- 2008-02-21 US US12/035,368 patent/US8045993B2/en active Active
- 2008-02-21 US US12/035,268 patent/US7983703B2/en active Active
- 2008-02-21 US US12/035,380 patent/US7965786B2/en active Active
- 2008-02-21 US US12/035,374 patent/US8031681B2/en active Active
- 2008-02-21 US US12/035,291 patent/US20080205332A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2011
- 2011-06-24 US US13/168,687 patent/US8364187B2/en active Active
- 2011-06-30 US US13/174,127 patent/US8249033B2/en active Active
- 2011-09-23 US US13/243,580 patent/US8285297B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (41)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5625626A (en) * | 1994-03-25 | 1997-04-29 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Method of automatically determining a transmission order of packet in a local area network and apparatus for same |
US5862142A (en) * | 1994-06-22 | 1999-01-19 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Frequency hopping wireless communication system and communication equipment |
US6275518B1 (en) * | 1995-01-27 | 2001-08-14 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Frequency hopping radio LAN system and frequency hopping control method |
US5805633A (en) * | 1995-09-06 | 1998-09-08 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson | Method and apparatus for frequency planning in a multi-system cellular communication network |
US20020052206A1 (en) * | 1998-12-07 | 2002-05-02 | Fabio Longoni | Cell load control method and system |
US20050226201A1 (en) * | 1999-05-28 | 2005-10-13 | Afx Technology Group International, Inc. | Node-to node messaging transceiver network with dynamec routing and configuring |
US6496498B1 (en) * | 1999-11-19 | 2002-12-17 | Siemens Information & Communication Mobile Llc | Method and system for avoiding periodic bursts of interference in wireless communication between a mobile unit and a base unit |
US6744743B2 (en) * | 2000-03-30 | 2004-06-01 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Method and apparatus for controlling transmissions of a communications system |
US20020009067A1 (en) * | 2000-07-04 | 2002-01-24 | Joachim Sachs | Method and device for improving the transmission efficiency in a communication system with a layered protocol stack |
US20020062388A1 (en) * | 2000-09-12 | 2002-05-23 | Ogier Richard G. | System and method for disseminating topology and link-state information to routing nodes in a mobile ad hoc network |
US6888819B1 (en) * | 2000-10-04 | 2005-05-03 | Yitran Communications Ltd. | Media access control utilizing synchronization signaling |
US6763230B2 (en) * | 2001-02-20 | 2004-07-13 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Frequency-lock filtering receiver |
US20030033394A1 (en) * | 2001-03-21 | 2003-02-13 | Stine John A. | Access and routing protocol for ad hoc network using synchronous collision resolution and node state dissemination |
US20040142699A1 (en) * | 2001-05-02 | 2004-07-22 | Jollota James M. | Method and system for indicating link quality among neighboring wireless base station |
US20030013451A1 (en) * | 2001-05-03 | 2003-01-16 | Walton Jay R. | Method and apparatus for controlling uplink transmissions of a wireless communication system |
US7002927B2 (en) * | 2001-08-01 | 2006-02-21 | International Business Machines Corporation | Self-scaling network |
US7948930B2 (en) * | 2001-11-28 | 2011-05-24 | Millennial Net, Inc. | Network protocol |
US20030117966A1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-06-26 | Priscilla Chen | Network protocol for wireless devices utilizing location information |
US20040072565A1 (en) * | 2002-08-01 | 2004-04-15 | Nec Corporation | Best-cell amendment method for amending hysteresis margin according to the degree of congestion |
US7508781B2 (en) * | 2003-03-25 | 2009-03-24 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Power saving mechanism for wireless LANs via schedule information vector |
US20040266376A1 (en) * | 2003-05-07 | 2004-12-30 | Nicholas Paul Cowley | Tuner |
US20040266351A1 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2004-12-30 | Chuah Mooi Choo | Method and apparatus for dynamic frequency selection in a wireless communications network |
US7171160B2 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2007-01-30 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Method and apparatus for dynamic frequency selection in a wireless communications network |
US20050157676A1 (en) * | 2003-07-23 | 2005-07-21 | Interdigital Technology Corporation | Method and apparatus for determining and managing congestion in a wireless communications system |
US20070243892A1 (en) * | 2004-04-14 | 2007-10-18 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Wireless Device |
US20050239497A1 (en) * | 2004-04-23 | 2005-10-27 | Microsoft Corporation | Selecting a wireless networking technology on a device capable of carrying out wireless network communications via multiple wireless technologies |
US7280836B2 (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2007-10-09 | Symbol Technologies, Inc. | System and method for coexistence in wireless networks |
US20050265283A1 (en) * | 2004-05-12 | 2005-12-01 | Intel Corporation | Ping-pong avoidance load balancing techniques and structures for wireless communication |
US20060013177A1 (en) * | 2004-07-14 | 2006-01-19 | Sony Corporation | Wireless communication system, wireless communication apparatus, wireless communication method, and computer program |
US7609641B2 (en) * | 2004-11-05 | 2009-10-27 | Meshnetworks, Inc. | System and method for providing a congestion-aware routing metric for selecting a route between nodes in a multihopping communication network |
US20060142021A1 (en) * | 2004-12-29 | 2006-06-29 | Lucent Technologies, Inc. | Load balancing on shared wireless channels |
US7729696B2 (en) * | 2005-05-26 | 2010-06-01 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for accessing a wireless communication network |
US7813326B1 (en) * | 2005-05-27 | 2010-10-12 | Bluetronix Inc. | Swarm location service for mobile ad hoc network communications |
US7710919B2 (en) * | 2005-10-21 | 2010-05-04 | Samsung Electro-Mechanics | Systems, methods, and apparatuses for spectrum-sensing cognitive radios |
US20070117517A1 (en) * | 2005-11-04 | 2007-05-24 | Samsung Electonics Co., Ltd. | Method for dynamic frequency selection and system supporting the same in a cognitive radio wireless communication system |
US20070111734A1 (en) * | 2005-11-11 | 2007-05-17 | Fujitsu Limited | Wireless network control method and device, and mobile communication system |
US7701910B2 (en) * | 2005-11-28 | 2010-04-20 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Reverse link load estimation using reference signal |
US20070223419A1 (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2007-09-27 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Method and system for sharing spectrum in a wireless communications network |
US20070248067A1 (en) * | 2006-04-24 | 2007-10-25 | Raja Banerjea | 802.11 mesh architecture |
US20080159258A1 (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2008-07-03 | Baowei Ji | Enhanced coexistence beacon protocol (ecbp) for precise intercell synchronization of overlapping wireless base stations |
US20090003291A1 (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2009-01-01 | Stmicroelectronics, Inc. | Six-address scheme for multiple hop forwarding in wireless mesh networks |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102387562A (en) * | 2011-11-25 | 2012-03-21 | 广州杰赛科技股份有限公司 | Temperature-based wireless mesh network routing method and wireless mesh network |
CN103906163A (en) * | 2014-04-17 | 2014-07-02 | 上海电机学院 | Safe point-to-point routing method based on fisheye domain |
CN105007201A (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2015-10-28 | 广东欧珀移动通信有限公司 | Method for accessing network, wireless sound box and system |
CN105072176A (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2015-11-18 | 广东欧珀移动通信有限公司 | Wireless connection method and device for playing system |
WO2017101575A1 (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2017-06-22 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Wireless ad hoc network routing method and device |
CN107979498A (en) * | 2018-01-03 | 2018-05-01 | 深圳市吉祥腾达科技有限公司 | A kind of mesh network clusters and the big document transmission method based on the cluster |
US11811642B2 (en) | 2018-07-27 | 2023-11-07 | GoTenna, Inc. | Vine™: zero-control routing using data packet inspection for wireless mesh networks |
US11646962B1 (en) | 2020-10-23 | 2023-05-09 | Rockwell Collins, Inc. | Zero overhead efficient flooding (ZOEF) oriented hybrid any-cast routing for mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7965786B2 (en) | 2011-06-21 |
US20110255474A1 (en) | 2011-10-20 |
US7983703B2 (en) | 2011-07-19 |
US8285297B2 (en) | 2012-10-09 |
US8045993B2 (en) | 2011-10-25 |
US20080205487A1 (en) | 2008-08-28 |
US20080205352A1 (en) | 2008-08-28 |
US20080207215A1 (en) | 2008-08-28 |
US20110255520A1 (en) | 2011-10-20 |
US8364187B2 (en) | 2013-01-29 |
US8031681B2 (en) | 2011-10-04 |
US20120026883A1 (en) | 2012-02-02 |
US20080207192A1 (en) | 2008-08-28 |
US8249033B2 (en) | 2012-08-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20080205332A1 (en) | Hybrid proactive on-demand routing in wireless networks | |
US10798634B2 (en) | Routing method and system for a wireless network | |
US7366111B2 (en) | Arrangement for providing optimized connections between peer routers in a tree-based ad hoc mobile network | |
US20070091811A1 (en) | Forwarding packets to a directed acyclic graph destination using link selection based on received link metrics | |
Sharma et al. | A comparative review on routing protocols in MANET | |
Roy et al. | Energy efficient cluster based routing in manet | |
US20120163233A1 (en) | Method for transmitting routing information and routing apparatus in wireless network | |
Bendale et al. | Study of various routing protocols in mobile ad-hoc networks | |
Ali et al. | Multipath routing backbones for load balancing in Mobile Ad hoc Networks | |
Jayanti | Routing protocols in MANET: comparative study | |
Singh et al. | Routing protocol for WMNs | |
Chand et al. | Performance comparison of AODV and DSR ON-Demand Routing protocols for Mobile ad-hoc networks | |
Ghannay et al. | Comparison of proposed path selection protocols for IEEE 802.11 s WLAN mesh networks | |
Quy et al. | A high performance and longer lasting network lifetime routing protocol for MANETs | |
Park et al. | Routing table maintenance in mobile ad hoc networks | |
Puri et al. | Routing protocols in manet: A survey | |
Mannan et al. | Comparative Analysis of Reactive Protocols in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks | |
Dahiya | Routing Algorithms for Mobile Ad-Hoc Network | |
Ashoka et al. | Comparity Study of Traditional and Nature Inspired Routing Algorithms for Mobile Adhoc Network | |
Chand et al. | Performance Comparison of Two On-Demands Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks | |
Jassim | Performance Study of AODV, GRP and OSPFv3 MANET Routing Protocols Using OPNET Modeler | |
Reegan et al. | An effective model of the neighbor discovery and energy efficient routing method for wireless sensor networks | |
Dwivedi et al. | A Survey on Route Maintenance and Attacks in AODV Routing Protocol | |
Nandanwar et al. | Survey of adaptive on demand distance vector learning protocol (AODV) | |
Yadav et al. | Assessment of routing protocols in MANET |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: STMICROELECTRONICS, INC., TEXAS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KIM, KYEONG-SOO;REEL/FRAME:020549/0832 Effective date: 20080221 Owner name: STMICROELECTRONICS, INC.,TEXAS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KIM, KYEONG-SOO;REEL/FRAME:020549/0832 Effective date: 20080221 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |