US20080085391A1 - Polyurethane backed products and methods - Google Patents
Polyurethane backed products and methods Download PDFInfo
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- US20080085391A1 US20080085391A1 US11/539,537 US53953706A US2008085391A1 US 20080085391 A1 US20080085391 A1 US 20080085391A1 US 53953706 A US53953706 A US 53953706A US 2008085391 A1 US2008085391 A1 US 2008085391A1
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- Prior art keywords
- polyurethane
- layer
- face structure
- woven
- backing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/36—Hydroxylated esters of higher fatty acids
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
- D06N7/0063—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf
- D06N7/0068—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf characterised by the primary backing or the fibrous top layer
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
- D06N7/0063—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf
- D06N7/0071—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf characterised by their backing, e.g. pre-coat, back coating, secondary backing, cushion backing
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
- D06N7/0063—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf
- D06N7/0071—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf characterised by their backing, e.g. pre-coat, back coating, secondary backing, cushion backing
- D06N7/0086—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf characterised by their backing, e.g. pre-coat, back coating, secondary backing, cushion backing characterised by the cushion backing, e.g. foamed polyurethane
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0008—Foam properties flexible
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
- C08K3/013—Fillers, pigments or reinforcing additives
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2203/00—Macromolecular materials of the coating layers
- D06N2203/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06N2203/068—Polyurethanes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2205/00—Condition, form or state of the materials
- D06N2205/10—Particulate form, e.g. powder, granule
- D06N2205/106—Scrap or recycled particles
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2205/00—Condition, form or state of the materials
- D06N2205/18—Scraps or recycled materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
- Y02P70/62—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product related technologies for production or treatment of textile or flexible materials or products thereof, including footwear
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
- Y10T428/23914—Interlaminar
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
- Y10T428/23979—Particular backing structure or composition
Definitions
- the present invention relates to surface coverings such as floor coverings having a show surface material in contacting overlying relation to a backing of polyurethane with or without additional structures, layers, backings, and/or the like.
- a surface covering such as a carpet, carpet tile, area rug, floor mat or the like incorporating a textile face, such as a tufted, bonded, flocked, needled, needle punched, woven, non-woven, or knit fabric structure disposed in contacting overlying relation to at least a polyurethane layer.
- the polyurethane layer may form a precoat, tiecoat and/or backing and may be foam or non-foam, and may preferably be flexible.
- One or more optional intermediate structure layers may be disposed within the polyurethane and one or more optional backing layers may be disposed across the underside of the polyurethane. Methods of making such surface coverings are also provided.
- carpeting and carpet tile with, for example, tufted or bonded carpet faces, and with backing layers formed from so-called “virgin” or “filled” foam, for example, polyurethane foam, or from “rebond” or “bonded” foam wherein chips or pieces of recycled foam are held together by a binder. It is also known to form mats such as floor mats or entry way mats from tufted or bonded carpet faces secured in bonded relation to rubber backings.
- At least one embodiment of the present invention provides advantages and/or alternatives over the prior art by providing a surface covering such as a carpet, carpet tile, area rug, floor mat or the like incorporating a textile face, such as a tufted, bonded, flocked, needled, needle punched, woven, non-woven, or knit fabric structure disposed in contacting overlying relation to at least a polyurethane layer.
- a surface covering such as a carpet, carpet tile, area rug, floor mat or the like incorporating a textile face, such as a tufted, bonded, flocked, needled, needle punched, woven, non-woven, or knit fabric structure disposed in contacting overlying relation to at least a polyurethane layer.
- One or more optional intermediate structure layers may be disposed within the polyurethane and one or more optional backing layers may be disposed across the underside of the polyurethane.
- the polyurethane is in direct contacting relation with the underside of the textile face structure without the need for any intermediate binder or pre-coat.
- the textile face structure is preferably substantially relaxed such as by steaming or the like prior to application of the polyurethane so as to substantially avoid subsequent deformation due to shrinkage.
- a common formation unit and process may be used to produce carpet, area rugs, carpet tile and floor mats.
- FIG. 1 is schematic view illustrating apparatus and process for forming various polyurethane-backed surface coverings.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary polyurethane-backed surface covering incorporating a tufted face structure
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary polyurethane-backed surface covering incorporating a woven face structure
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary polyurethane-backed surface covering incorporating a non-woven face structure
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary polyurethane-backed surface covering incorporating a bonded pile face structure
- FIG. 6 is schematic view illustrating apparatus and process for forming various surface coverings incorporating backed polyurethane
- FIG.7 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary surface covering incorporating a tufted face structure in contacting relation to a backed polyurethane layer;
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary surface covering incorporating a woven face structure in contacting relation to a backed polyurethane layer;
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional illustrational of an exemplary surface covering incorporating a non-woven face structure in contacting relation to a backed polyurethane layer;
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary surface covering incorporating a bonded pile face structure in contacting relation to a backed polyurethane layer;
- FIG. 11 is schematic view illustrating apparatus and process for forming various surface coverings incorporating stabilized polyurethane
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary surface covering incorporating a tufted face structure in contacting relation to a stabilized polyurethane layer;
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary surface covering incorporating a woven face structure in contacting relation to a stabilized polyurethane layer;
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary surface covering incorporating a non-woven face structure in contacting relation to a stabilized polyurethane layer;
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary surface covering incorporating a bonded pile face structure in contacting relation to a stabilized polyurethane layer;
- FIG. 16 is schematic view illustrating apparatus and process for forming various surface coverings incorporating stabilized and backed polyurethane
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary surface covering incorporating a tufted face structure in contacting relation to a stabilized and backed polyurethane backing;
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary surface covering incorporating a woven face structure in contacting relation to a stabilized and backed polyurethane backing;
- FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary surface covering incorporating a non-woven face structure in contacting relation to a stabilized and backed polyurethane backing.
- FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary surface covering incorporating a bonded pile face structure in contacting relation to a stabilized and backed polyurethane backing;
- FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary surface covering like that of FIG. 2 with the addition of a backing such as a coating, film, or the like;
- FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary surface covering like that of FIG. 7 with the addition of a backing such as a coating, film, or the like;
- FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary surface-covering like that of FIG. 12 except that the stabilizing layer or material is adjacent or abutting the tufts;
- FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary surface covering like that of FIG. 13 except that the stabilizing layer or material is near or on the bottom of the polyurethane backing;
- FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary surface covering like that of FIG. 3 except that it is inverted as constructed using an exemplary apparatus and process as shown in FIG. 27 ;
- FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary surface covering like that of FIG. 8 except that it is inverted like in FIGS. 25 and 27 ;
- FIG. 27 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary apparatus and process for forming polyurethane backed surface coverings in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
- an exemplary formation system 10 is illustrated for use in the production of surface coverings or polyurethane backed products such as carpeting, carpet tile, area rugs, roll goods, and/or floor mats.
- the formation system 10 includes an endless belt 12 formed from a material such as PTFE woven fiberglass or the like.
- a mass of uncured polyurethane composition 14 is preferably deposited directly onto the belt 12 and then adjusted to a desired height by a leveller 16 such as a doctor blade, air knife, or the like.
- the thickness of the levelled polyurethane composition is preferably in the range of about 0.10 inches to about 1.0 inches, more preferably about 0.16 inches to about 0.60 inches although higher or lower thickness levels may likewise be used. While direct application of the polyurethane composition onto the belt 12 may be preferred, it is likewise contemplated that a release layer, film, paper or the like (not shown) or other deposit surface may likewise be used if desired.
- one contemplated polyurethane composition is believed to be disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,104,693 to Jenkines, the teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
- Fillers, agents, additives, extenders, and the like such as calcium carbonate, coal fly ash, sand, used foundry sand, crushed glass, crushed recycled glass, crushed gypsum, caster oil, foam chips, recycled carpet tile, natural and/or synthetic fibers, colorants, anti-microbial agents, flame retardants, blowing agents, catalyst, water, recycled materials, renewable materials, bio-based materials, post-consumer recycled materials, post-industrial recycled materials, and/or the like.
- Fillers may be added at amounts of about 0.0% to about 99% by weight, most preferably about 10% to about 90% by weight, and more preferably from about 20% to about 80% by weight. Fillers, agents, additives, extenders, and/or the like may be added in combination with air mixing to provide density levels as desired. A froth density of about 887 grams per litre has been found to provide good results.
- a preferred polyurethane backing which serves as precoat and backing is a mechanically frothed MDI based polyurethane having an about 750 gram cup weight and an about 27 oz/yd 2 add on.
- Potentially preferred filler examples include:
- a textile face structure 20 with a fibrous underside is preferably delivered into direct contacting relation with the polyurethane composition.
- polyurethane backed products such as carpet, area rugs and mats
- no intermediate layer is disposed between the polyurethane and the underside of the textile face structure (see FIGS. 2-5 ).
- the textile face structure 20 may be pre-treated at a steam box 22 to relieve internal stresses by application of moisture and heat.
- Such treatment permits the face structure 20 to remain substantially tensionless during subsequent curing of the polyurethane composition 14 as will be described further hereinafter.
- the elimination of tension in the face structure 20 facilitates the avoidance of undue levels of cupping or curling in the final structure.
- the polyurethane backing be thin, dense, and flexible and that the face material or fabric be substantially tensionless.
- Such a product lies flat on the floor, can be bent or rolled, and the like.
- the resulting composite structure may thereafter be moved through an elevated temperature curing range 26 .
- the temperature in the curing range is set to prove substantially complete curing of the polyurethane composition 14 .
- a curing range 26 having, for example, heated platens below belt 12 , a platen temperature setting of about 250 degrees F. in a first zone, and with a setting of about 290 degrees F. in subsequent zones has been found to provide good curing results when the belt 12 is operating at a rate of about 30 feet per minute.
- these setting may be readily adjusted as desired.
- certain polyurethane backings may cure at room temperature.
- the composite structure with cured polyurethane may thereafter be removed from the belt 12 and sent to a cutter 30 for segmentation to a length and width as desired based on the final intended use or rolled to be cut later.
- Cutter 30 may be a clicker for carpet tiles, a cut table for mats or rugs, or a slitter.
- the formation system 10 may be used to form carpet, carpet tile, area rugs, roll goods, and/or floor mats as may be desired.
- the density and thickness levels of polyurethane may be adjusted depending upon the product being produced.
- the mass per unit area of polyurethane may be slightly higher for carpeting than for floor mats.
- a polyurethane mass per unit area of about 26 to 28 ounces per square yard with a thickness of about 63 mils may be suitable for carpeting while a mass per unit area of about 25 ounces per square yard with a thickness of about 100 mils may be more suitable for dust control mats.
- the textile face structure 20 may have any number of suitable constructions.
- FIGS. 2-5 illustrate a number of polyurethane-backed constructions such as may be formed on the system 10 using various face structures.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a tufted textile face structure 20 incorporating an arrangement of yarn elements 36 tufted through a so called “primary backing” 38 such as a woven material, a scrim, a non-woven material, combined woven and non-woven material, or the like.
- a so called “primary backing” 38 such as a woven material, a scrim, a non-woven material, combined woven and non-woven material, or the like.
- the cured polyurethane composition 14 extends substantially to the primary backing 38 thereby aiding in locking the yarn elements 36 in place.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a woven textile face structure 20 A disposed in contacting relation to the cured polyurethane composition 14 .
- the cured polyurethane composition 14 extends substantially to the surface of the woven textile face structure 20 A and preferably migrates at least partially into the interstices between yarn elements forming the woven textile face structure 20 A so as to promote good adhesion.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a non-woven textile face structure 20 B such as a needle punched, flocked, spunbond or other non-woven construction disposed in contacting relation to the cured polyurethane composition 14 .
- the cured polyurethane composition 14 extends substantially to the surface of the non-woven textile face structure 20 B and preferably migrates at least partially into the interstices between fiber elements forming the non-woven textile face structure 20 B so as to promote good adhesion.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a bonded yarn textile face structure 20 C incorporating an arrangement of yarn elements 37 bonded in place across a primary backing or substrate layer 44 by an adhesive 42 disposed across the upper surface of the primary backing layer 44 .
- a loop pile is shown, the pile may be loop, cut, or cut and loop.
- the cured polyurethane composition 14 preferably extends substantially to the primary backing 44 .
- FIG. 6 illustrates a formation system 110 for production of surface coverings incorporating backed polyurethane, such as felt backed polyurethane, wherein elements corresponding to those previously described are designated by like reference numerals increased by 100 .
- the formation system 110 is substantially identical to the system illustrated and described in relation to FIG. 1 but with the addition of backing material, such as felt 140 across the belt 112 at a position upstream of the location at which the polyurethane composition 114 is deposited.
- one felt that may be particularly preferred is a needle punched felt formed from polyester and/or polypropylene as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,540,968 hereby incorporated by reference herein.
- a needle punched felt formed from polyester and/or polypropylene as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,540,968 hereby incorporated by reference herein.
- other woven and/or non-woven backings may likewise be utilized as desired.
- the textile face structure 120 may have any number of suitable constructions.
- FIGS. 7-10 illustrate a number of backed polyurethane constructions such as may be formed on the system 110 using various face structures.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a tufted textile face structure 120 incorporating an arrangement of yarn elements 136 tufted through a primary backing 138 such as a woven, a non-woven or the like.
- a primary backing 138 such as a woven, a non-woven or the like.
- the cured polyurethane composition 114 extends substantially between the backing, such as non-woven felt 140 and the primary backing 138 thereby aiding in locking the yarn elements 136 in place.
- FIG. 8 illustrates a woven textile face structure 120 A disposed in contacting relation to the cured polyurethane composition 114 .
- the cured polyurethane composition 114 extends substantially between the backing, such as non-woven felt 140 and the surface of the woven textile face structure 120 A and preferably migrates at least partially into the interstices between yarn elements forming the woven textile face structure 120 A so as to promote good adhesion.
- FIG. 9 illustrates a non-woven textile face structure 120 B such as a needle punched, flocked, spun bond or other non-woven construction disposed in contacting relation to the cured polyurethane composition 114 .
- the cured polyurethane composition 114 extends substantially between the felt backing, such as a non-woven 140 and the surface of the non-woven textile face structure 120 B and preferably migrates at least partially into the interstices between fiber elements forming the non-woven textile face structure 1 20 B so as to promote good adhesion.
- FIG. 10 illustrates a bonded yarn textile face structure 120 C incorporating an arrangement of yarn elements 137 bonded in place across a primary backing or substrate layer 144 by an adhesive 142 disposed across the upper surface of the primary backing layer 144 .
- the cured polyurethane composition 114 preferably extends substantially between the backing, such as a non-woven felt 140 and the primary backing 144 ,
- the backings 140 of FIGS. 6-10 may be a woven, non-woven, or combined woven and non-woven material or fabric, a film, a scrim, a mesh, or combinations thereof.
- the backing 140 is a non-woven bonded glass material marketed as STABILON TRIAXTM by Milliken & Company of Spartanburg, S.C. It is preferred that the backing 140 be a flexible material which prevents growth and which tends to prevent curling of the surface covering 120 (such as a carpet tile). A glass scrim, mat, or the like may be preferred.
- FIG. 11 illustrates a formation system 210 for production of surface coverings incorporating polyurethane with an intermediate structural support layer, wherein elements corresponding to those previously described are designated by like reference numerals in a 200 series.
- the formation system 210 is substantially identical to the system illustrated and described in relation to FIG. 1 but with the addition of a structural support layer 250 , such as a glass mat or scrim, between deposited layers of polyurethane composition 214 , 214 –.
- a structural support layer 250 such as a glass mat or scrim
- the structural support layer 250 is placed in contacting overlying relation to a first layer of polyurethane composition 214 following a first leveller 216 .
- a second layer of polyurethane composition 214 ′ is then applied across the structural support layer 250 followed by a leveller 216 ′ thereby yielding a sandwich structure for application of the textile face structure 220 .
- the location of support, stabilizing or reinforcement layer or material 250 can be determined by the amount of polyurethane composition added upstream and downstream of the support layer 250 .
- the support layer 250 may be located at the top of, in the middle of, or at the bottom of the polyurethane backing ( FIGS. 23 , 12 , and 24 , respectively), it may be located anywhere in between by controlling the add of polyurethane 214 and 214 ′ in the system of FIG. 11 .
- one structural support layer 250 is in the form of woven or non-woven glass, although other materials including polyester, polypropylene, and the like may also be utilized if desired.
- the textile face structure 220 may have any number of suitable constructions.
- FIGS. 12-15 illustrate a number of constructions incorporating a structural support layer 250 such as may be formed on the system 210 using various face structures.
- FIG. 12 illustrates a tufted textile face structure 220 incorporating an arrangement of yarn elements 236 tufted through a primary backing 238 such as a scrim, a non-woven or the like.
- a primary backing 238 such as a scrim, a non-woven or the like.
- the upper layer of cured polyurethane composition 214 ′ extends substantially between the structural support layer 250 and the primary backing 238 thereby aiding in locking the yarn elements 236 in place.
- the lower layer of cured polyurethane composition 214 extends away from the structural support layer 250 to define a lower surface.
- FIG. 13 illustrates a woven textile face structure 220 A disposed in contacting relation to the upper layer of cured polyurethane composition 214 ′.
- the upper layer of cured polyurethane composition 214 ′ extends substantially between the structural support layer 250 and the underside of the woven textile face structure 220 A and preferably migrates at least partially into the interstices between yarn elements forming the woven textile face structure 220 A so as to promote good adhesion.
- the lower layer of cured polyurethane composition 214 extends away from the structural support layer 250 to define a lower surface.
- FIG. 14 illustrates a non-woven textile face structure 220 B such as a needle punched, flocked, spun bond or other non-woven construction disposed in contacting relation to the upper layer of cured polyurethane composition 214 ′.
- the upper layer of cured polyurethane composition 214 ′ extends substantially between the structural support layer 250 and the underside of the non-woven textile face structure 220 B and preferably migrates at least partially into the interstices between fiber elements forming the non-woven textile face structure 220 B so as to promote good adhesion.
- the lower layer of cured polyurethane composition 214 extends away from the structural support layer 250 to define a lower surface.
- FIG. 15 illustrates a bonded yarn textile face structure 220 C incorporating an arrangement of yarn elements 237 bonded in place across a primary backing or substrate layer 244 by an adhesive 242 disposed across the upper surface of the primary backing layer 244 .
- the upper layer of cured polyurethane composition 214 ′ extends substantially between the structural support layer 250 and the underside of the primary backing layer 244 .
- the lower layer of cured polyurethane composition 214 extends away from the structural support layer 250 to define a lower surface.
- FIG. 16 illustrates a formation system 310 for production of surface coverings incorporating polyurethane with an intermediate structural support layer and with a backing.
- elements corresponding to those previously described are designated by like reference numerals within a 300 series.
- the formation system 310 is substantially identical to the system illustrated and described in relation to FIG. 11 but with the addition of a layer of backing such as felt 340 across the belt 312 at a position upstream of the location at which the polyurethane composition 314 is deposited.
- a first layer of polyurethane composition 314 is deposited over the backing material or layer 340 and levelled by a first leveller 316 .
- the structural support layer 350 is placed in contacting overlying relation to the first layer of polyurethane composition 314 following a first leveller 316 .
- a second layer of polyurethane composition 314 ′ is then applied across the structural support layer 350 followed by a leveller 316 ′ thereby yielding a stabilized and backed sandwich structure for application of the textile face structure 320 .
- the textile face structure 320 may have any number of suitable constructions.
- FIGS. 17-20 illustrate a number of constructions incorporating a structural support layer 350 and a backing 340 such as may be formed on the system 310 using various face structures.
- FIG. 17 illustrates a tufted textile face structure 320 incorporating an arrangement of yarn elements 336 tufted through a primary backing 338 such as a woven, a non-woven or the like.
- a primary backing 338 such as a woven, a non-woven or the like.
- the upper layer of cured polyurethane composition 314 ′ extends substantially between the structural support layer 350 and the primary backing 338 thereby aiding in locking the yarn elements 336 in place.
- the lower layer of cured polyurethane composition 314 extends away from the structural support layer 350 to the backing layer 340 .
- FIG. 18 illustrates a woven textile face structure 320 A disposed in contacting relation to the upper layer of cured polyurethane composition 314 ′.
- the upper layer of cured polyurethane composition 314 ′ extends substantially between the structural support layer 350 and the underside of the woven textile face structure 320 A and preferably migrates at least partially into the interstices between yarn elements forming the woven textile face structure 320 A so as to promote good adhesion.
- the lower layer of cured polyurethane composition 314 extends away from the structural support layer 350 to the backing layer 340 .
- FIG. 19 illustrates a non-woven textile face structure 320 B such as a needle punched, flocked, spun bond or other non-woven construction disposed in contacting relation to the upper layer of cured polyurethane composition 314 ′.
- the upper layer of cured polyurethane composition 314 ′ extends substantially between the structural support layer 350 and the underside of the non-woven textile face structure 320 B and preferably migrates at least partially into the interstices between fiber elements forming the non-woven textile face structure 320 B so as to promote good adhesion.
- the lower layer of cured polyurethane composition 314 extends away from the structural support layer 350 to the backing layer 340 .
- FIG. 20 illustrates a bonded yarn textile face structure 320 C incorporating an arrangement of yarn elements 337 bonded in place across a primary backing or substrate layer 344 by an adhesive 342 disposed across the upper surface of the primary backing layer 344 .
- the upper layer of cured polyurethane composition 314 ′ extends substantially between the structural support layer 350 and the underside of the primary backing layer 340 .
- the lower layer of cured polyurethane composition 314 extends away from the structural support layer 350 to the layer of felt 340 .
- a tufted face surface covering like that of FIG. 2 is shown with a backing 60 such as a coating, film, or the like.
- backing 60 may be an adhesive or other friction enhancing coating such as TractionBack coating offered by Milliken & Company of LaGrange, Ga.
- the tufted face surface covering of FIG. 22 is like that of FIG. 7 with the addition of backing 160 such as a coating, film, or the like.
- the tufted face surface covering of FIG. 23 is like that of FIG. 12 except that the support layer 250 is shown just below tufts 236 .
- the woven face surface covering of FIG. 24 is like that of FIG. 13 except that the support layer 250 is shown at the bottom of polyurethane 214 .
- FIGS. 25-27 relate to an alternative production process wherein the face material 20 , 120 , 220 is inverted and then laid on the belt 112 .
- polyurethane composition 114 is poured or applied to the back of the face material 20 A or 120 A and doctored by blade 116 .
- a backing 140 is added over the polyurethane 114 and nip or gauge roll 162 presses backing 140 into the polyurethane 114 .
- One advantage of the system 110 A of FIG. 27 is that the face material 120 tends to keep the belt 112 clean of polyurethane 114 .
- the face material 20 , 20 A, 20 B, 20 C, 120 , 120 A, 120 B, 120 C, 220 , 220 A, 220 B, 220 C, 320 , 320 A, 320 B, and 320 C may be formed of natural or synthetic fibers or materials, or blends thereof.
- tufts 36 may be Nylon 6, Nylon 6,6, polyolefin, wool, or blends thereof.
- face material 20 must be dyed, it is preferred that it be dyed prior to addition of polyurethane 14 .
- Polyurethane 14 may include a polyol component, an isocyanate component, a catalyst, and other agents, fillers, additives, and the like. It has been discovered that the catalyst may be eliminated, that the polyol may be replaced with caster oil, or both.
- the surface coverings of the present invention may be hardback or cushion back products.
- One can increase the cushion or resilience of the backing by adding more air, more blowing agent, felt, thickness, or the like.
- a polyurethane hardback or cushion back product such as a polyurethane hardback or cushion back carpet tile have the structure of one of FIGS. 2-5 , 7 - 10 , 12 - 15 , 17 - 20 , and 21 - 26 .
- a polyurethane backed area rug, roll goods, or floor mat of the present invention have the structure of one of FIGS. 2-5 , 21 , and 25 .
- a tufted face greige carpet material had a cut pile, Nylon 6,6, jet dyed, 20 oz/yd 2 face yarn, 8 th gauge, tufted through a 4 oz/yd 2 non-woven, polyester primary backing, was laid over a mechanically frothed, MDI based polyurethane at a 750 gram cup weight and an average add-on of 27 oz/yd 2 .
- the uncured polyurethane composition was poured onto a belt, doctored and then joined to the carpet greige goods under a marriage roll. The polyurethane was cured under heat.
- an indoor/outdoor polyurethane backed area rug had an overall average height of about 7458.03 ⁇ m (micrometers), an average polyurethane backing height of about 1507.64 ⁇ m (micrometers), and a total weight of about 51.79 oz/yd 2 .
- a nip, marriage, or gauge roll 62 presses the face material 20 , 120 , 220 , 320 into the uncured polyurethane composition and sets the height of the total product (prior to any chemical blowing).
- the surface covering of the present invention may in at least one embodiment be 6 foot wide roll goods sometimes referred to a 6 foot broadloom.
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Abstract
A surface covering such as a carpet, carpet tile, area rug, floor mat or the like incorporating a textile face disposed in contacting overlying relation to at least a polyurethane layer. One or more optional intermediate structure layers may be disposed within the polyurethane and one or more optional backing layers may be disposed across the underside of the polyurethane.
Description
- In accordance with at least one embodiment, the present invention relates to surface coverings such as floor coverings having a show surface material in contacting overlying relation to a backing of polyurethane with or without additional structures, layers, backings, and/or the like. In particular, but not exclusively, at least one embodiment of the invention relates to a surface covering such as a carpet, carpet tile, area rug, floor mat or the like incorporating a textile face, such as a tufted, bonded, flocked, needled, needle punched, woven, non-woven, or knit fabric structure disposed in contacting overlying relation to at least a polyurethane layer. The polyurethane layer may form a precoat, tiecoat and/or backing and may be foam or non-foam, and may preferably be flexible. One or more optional intermediate structure layers may be disposed within the polyurethane and one or more optional backing layers may be disposed across the underside of the polyurethane. Methods of making such surface coverings are also provided.
- It is known to provide carpeting and carpet tile with, for example, tufted or bonded carpet faces, and with backing layers formed from so-called “virgin” or “filled” foam, for example, polyurethane foam, or from “rebond” or “bonded” foam wherein chips or pieces of recycled foam are held together by a binder. It is also known to form mats such as floor mats or entry way mats from tufted or bonded carpet faces secured in bonded relation to rubber backings.
- One disadvantage of prior flooring or floor covering constructions has been the relatively complex arrangement of various structural layers to provide dimensional stability and wear performance of the products. In this regard, various prior constructions have relied on the inclusion of various adhesive layers, stabilizing layers, and/or on the use of relatively high strength backing layers such as PVC or vulcanized rubber to provide a structure that remains flat across a sub-floor without deforming over time.
- Examples of prior carpet tile constructions are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,522,857; 5,545,276; 5,948,500; 6,203,881; and 6,468,623 each of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein.
- Examples of prior floor mats are described in, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,296,919; 6,478,995; and RE38,422 each hereby incorporated by reference herein.
- At least one embodiment of the present invention provides advantages and/or alternatives over the prior art by providing a surface covering such as a carpet, carpet tile, area rug, floor mat or the like incorporating a textile face, such as a tufted, bonded, flocked, needled, needle punched, woven, non-woven, or knit fabric structure disposed in contacting overlying relation to at least a polyurethane layer. One or more optional intermediate structure layers may be disposed within the polyurethane and one or more optional backing layers may be disposed across the underside of the polyurethane.
- According to a potentially preferred feature, the polyurethane is in direct contacting relation with the underside of the textile face structure without the need for any intermediate binder or pre-coat.
- According to another potentially preferred feature, the textile face structure is preferably substantially relaxed such as by steaming or the like prior to application of the polyurethane so as to substantially avoid subsequent deformation due to shrinkage.
- According to still another potentially preferred feature, a common formation unit and process may be used to produce carpet, area rugs, carpet tile and floor mats.
- Other features and further scope of the applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description to follow, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein like parts are designated by like reference numerals in the various views.
- The invention will now be further described by way of example only and with reference to the drawings, which are briefly described as follows:
-
FIG. 1 is schematic view illustrating apparatus and process for forming various polyurethane-backed surface coverings. -
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary polyurethane-backed surface covering incorporating a tufted face structure; -
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary polyurethane-backed surface covering incorporating a woven face structure; -
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary polyurethane-backed surface covering incorporating a non-woven face structure; -
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary polyurethane-backed surface covering incorporating a bonded pile face structure; -
FIG. 6 is schematic view illustrating apparatus and process for forming various surface coverings incorporating backed polyurethane; -
FIG.7 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary surface covering incorporating a tufted face structure in contacting relation to a backed polyurethane layer; -
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary surface covering incorporating a woven face structure in contacting relation to a backed polyurethane layer; -
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional illustrational of an exemplary surface covering incorporating a non-woven face structure in contacting relation to a backed polyurethane layer; -
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary surface covering incorporating a bonded pile face structure in contacting relation to a backed polyurethane layer; -
FIG. 11 is schematic view illustrating apparatus and process for forming various surface coverings incorporating stabilized polyurethane; -
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary surface covering incorporating a tufted face structure in contacting relation to a stabilized polyurethane layer; -
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary surface covering incorporating a woven face structure in contacting relation to a stabilized polyurethane layer; -
FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary surface covering incorporating a non-woven face structure in contacting relation to a stabilized polyurethane layer; -
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary surface covering incorporating a bonded pile face structure in contacting relation to a stabilized polyurethane layer; -
FIG. 16 is schematic view illustrating apparatus and process for forming various surface coverings incorporating stabilized and backed polyurethane; -
FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary surface covering incorporating a tufted face structure in contacting relation to a stabilized and backed polyurethane backing; -
FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary surface covering incorporating a woven face structure in contacting relation to a stabilized and backed polyurethane backing; -
FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary surface covering incorporating a non-woven face structure in contacting relation to a stabilized and backed polyurethane backing; and -
FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary surface covering incorporating a bonded pile face structure in contacting relation to a stabilized and backed polyurethane backing; -
FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary surface covering like that ofFIG. 2 with the addition of a backing such as a coating, film, or the like; -
FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary surface covering like that ofFIG. 7 with the addition of a backing such as a coating, film, or the like; -
FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary surface-covering like that ofFIG. 12 except that the stabilizing layer or material is adjacent or abutting the tufts; -
FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary surface covering like that ofFIG. 13 except that the stabilizing layer or material is near or on the bottom of the polyurethane backing; -
FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary surface covering like that ofFIG. 3 except that it is inverted as constructed using an exemplary apparatus and process as shown inFIG. 27 ; -
FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary surface covering like that ofFIG. 8 except that it is inverted like inFIGS. 25 and 27 ; and, -
FIG. 27 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary apparatus and process for forming polyurethane backed surface coverings in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. - Referring to
FIG. 1 of the drawings, anexemplary formation system 10 is illustrated for use in the production of surface coverings or polyurethane backed products such as carpeting, carpet tile, area rugs, roll goods, and/or floor mats. According to the illustrated and potentially preferred embodiment, theformation system 10 includes anendless belt 12 formed from a material such as PTFE woven fiberglass or the like. As shown according to the illustrated process, a mass ofuncured polyurethane composition 14 is preferably deposited directly onto thebelt 12 and then adjusted to a desired height by aleveller 16 such as a doctor blade, air knife, or the like. The thickness of the levelled polyurethane composition is preferably in the range of about 0.10 inches to about 1.0 inches, more preferably about 0.16 inches to about 0.60 inches although higher or lower thickness levels may likewise be used. While direct application of the polyurethane composition onto thebelt 12 may be preferred, it is likewise contemplated that a release layer, film, paper or the like (not shown) or other deposit surface may likewise be used if desired. - By way of example only, one contemplated polyurethane composition is believed to be disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,104,693 to Jenkines, the teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Fillers, agents, additives, extenders, and the like such as calcium carbonate, coal fly ash, sand, used foundry sand, crushed glass, crushed recycled glass, crushed gypsum, caster oil, foam chips, recycled carpet tile, natural and/or synthetic fibers, colorants, anti-microbial agents, flame retardants, blowing agents, catalyst, water, recycled materials, renewable materials, bio-based materials, post-consumer recycled materials, post-industrial recycled materials, and/or the like. Fillers may be added at amounts of about 0.0% to about 99% by weight, most preferably about 10% to about 90% by weight, and more preferably from about 20% to about 80% by weight. Fillers, agents, additives, extenders, and/or the like may be added in combination with air mixing to provide density levels as desired. A froth density of about 887 grams per litre has been found to provide good results.
- In accordance with one example of an indoor/outdoor polyurethane backed area rug having a construction like that of
FIG. 2 of the drawings, a preferred polyurethane backing which serves as precoat and backing is a mechanically frothed MDI based polyurethane having an about 750 gram cup weight and an about 27 oz/yd2 add on. - Potentially preferred filler examples include:
- Used foundry sand—50% to 80% by weight
- Crushed glass—65% by weight
- Calcium carbonate—50% to 65% by weight
- Coal fly ash—50% by weight
- Blend of used foundry sand and calcium carbonate—% by weight
-
-
- 13% UFS and 44% calcium carbonate
- 21 % UFS and 40% calcium carbonate
- 26% UFS and 37% calcium carbonate
-
- Blend of calcium carbonate and 40 mesh ground tires (SBR)—% by weight 55% calcium carbonate and 10% SBR As illustrated, once the
polyurethane composition 14 is set to a desired level, atextile face structure 20 with a fibrous underside is preferably delivered into direct contacting relation with the polyurethane composition. For polyurethane backed products such as carpet, area rugs and mats, preferably, no intermediate layer is disposed between the polyurethane and the underside of the textile face structure (seeFIGS. 2-5 ). According to one contemplated practice, thetextile face structure 20 may be pre-treated at a steam box 22 to relieve internal stresses by application of moisture and heat. Such treatment permits theface structure 20 to remain substantially tensionless during subsequent curing of thepolyurethane composition 14 as will be described further hereinafter. The elimination of tension in theface structure 20 facilitates the avoidance of undue levels of cupping or curling in the final structure. It is preferred that the polyurethane backing be thin, dense, and flexible and that the face material or fabric be substantially tensionless. Such a product lies flat on the floor, can be bent or rolled, and the like. - Following introduction of the
textile face structure 20 across thepolyurethane composition 14, the resulting composite structure may thereafter be moved through an elevatedtemperature curing range 26. The temperature in the curing range is set to prove substantially complete curing of thepolyurethane composition 14. By way of example only and not limitation, such acuring range 26 having, for example, heated platens belowbelt 12, a platen temperature setting of about 250 degrees F. in a first zone, and with a setting of about 290 degrees F. in subsequent zones has been found to provide good curing results when thebelt 12 is operating at a rate of about 30 feet per minute. Of course, these setting may be readily adjusted as desired. For example, certain polyurethane backings may cure at room temperature. - As shown, upon exiting the
curing range 26, the composite structure with cured polyurethane may thereafter be removed from thebelt 12 and sent to acutter 30 for segmentation to a length and width as desired based on the final intended use or rolled to be cut later.Cutter 30 may be a clicker for carpet tiles, a cut table for mats or rugs, or a slitter. Accordingly, theformation system 10 may be used to form carpet, carpet tile, area rugs, roll goods, and/or floor mats as may be desired. In this regard, it is to be understood that the density and thickness levels of polyurethane may be adjusted depending upon the product being produced. Specifically, it is contemplated that the mass per unit area of polyurethane may be slightly higher for carpeting than for floor mats. By way of example only, it has been found that a polyurethane mass per unit area of about 26 to 28 ounces per square yard with a thickness of about 63 mils may be suitable for carpeting while a mass per unit area of about 25 ounces per square yard with a thickness of about 100 mils may be more suitable for dust control mats. - As previously noted, the
textile face structure 20 may have any number of suitable constructions. By way of example only,FIGS. 2-5 illustrate a number of polyurethane-backed constructions such as may be formed on thesystem 10 using various face structures. -
FIG. 2 illustrates a tuftedtextile face structure 20 incorporating an arrangement ofyarn elements 36 tufted through a so called “primary backing” 38 such as a woven material, a scrim, a non-woven material, combined woven and non-woven material, or the like. As shown, the curedpolyurethane composition 14 extends substantially to theprimary backing 38 thereby aiding in locking theyarn elements 36 in place. -
FIG. 3 illustrates a woventextile face structure 20A disposed in contacting relation to the curedpolyurethane composition 14. As shown, the curedpolyurethane composition 14 extends substantially to the surface of the woventextile face structure 20A and preferably migrates at least partially into the interstices between yarn elements forming the woventextile face structure 20A so as to promote good adhesion. -
FIG. 4 illustrates a non-woventextile face structure 20B such as a needle punched, flocked, spunbond or other non-woven construction disposed in contacting relation to the curedpolyurethane composition 14. As shown, the curedpolyurethane composition 14 extends substantially to the surface of the non-woventextile face structure 20B and preferably migrates at least partially into the interstices between fiber elements forming the non-woventextile face structure 20B so as to promote good adhesion. -
FIG. 5 illustrates a bonded yarn textile face structure 20C incorporating an arrangement ofyarn elements 37 bonded in place across a primary backing orsubstrate layer 44 by an adhesive 42 disposed across the upper surface of theprimary backing layer 44. Although a loop pile is shown, the pile may be loop, cut, or cut and loop. As shown, the curedpolyurethane composition 14 preferably extends substantially to theprimary backing 44. - As indicated previously, it is also contemplated that one or more backing or release layers may be applied across the underside of the cured polyurethane facing away from the textile face structure. By way of example only,
FIG. 6 illustrates aformation system 110 for production of surface coverings incorporating backed polyurethane, such as felt backed polyurethane, wherein elements corresponding to those previously described are designated by like reference numerals increased by 100. As will be appreciated, theformation system 110 is substantially identical to the system illustrated and described in relation toFIG. 1 but with the addition of backing material, such asfelt 140 across thebelt 112 at a position upstream of the location at which thepolyurethane composition 114 is deposited. - By way of example only, one felt that may be particularly preferred is a needle punched felt formed from polyester and/or polypropylene as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,540,968 hereby incorporated by reference herein. Of course other woven and/or non-woven backings may likewise be utilized as desired.
- The
textile face structure 120 may have any number of suitable constructions. By way of example only,FIGS. 7-10 illustrate a number of backed polyurethane constructions such as may be formed on thesystem 110 using various face structures. -
FIG. 7 illustrates a tuftedtextile face structure 120 incorporating an arrangement ofyarn elements 136 tufted through aprimary backing 138 such as a woven, a non-woven or the like. As shown, the curedpolyurethane composition 114 extends substantially between the backing, such as non-woven felt 140 and theprimary backing 138 thereby aiding in locking theyarn elements 136 in place. -
FIG. 8 illustrates a woventextile face structure 120A disposed in contacting relation to the curedpolyurethane composition 114. As shown, the curedpolyurethane composition 114 extends substantially between the backing, such as non-woven felt 140 and the surface of the woventextile face structure 120A and preferably migrates at least partially into the interstices between yarn elements forming the woventextile face structure 120A so as to promote good adhesion. -
FIG. 9 illustrates a non-woventextile face structure 120B such as a needle punched, flocked, spun bond or other non-woven construction disposed in contacting relation to the curedpolyurethane composition 114. As shown, the curedpolyurethane composition 114 extends substantially between the felt backing, such as a non-woven 140 and the surface of the non-woventextile face structure 120B and preferably migrates at least partially into the interstices between fiber elements forming the non-woven textile face structure 1 20B so as to promote good adhesion. -
FIG. 10 illustrates a bonded yarntextile face structure 120C incorporating an arrangement ofyarn elements 137 bonded in place across a primary backing orsubstrate layer 144 by an adhesive 142 disposed across the upper surface of theprimary backing layer 144. As shown, the curedpolyurethane composition 114 preferably extends substantially between the backing, such as anon-woven felt 140 and theprimary backing 144, - The
backings 140 ofFIGS. 6-10 may be a woven, non-woven, or combined woven and non-woven material or fabric, a film, a scrim, a mesh, or combinations thereof. In accordance with one example, thebacking 140 is a non-woven bonded glass material marketed as STABILON TRIAX™ by Milliken & Company of Spartanburg, S.C. It is preferred that thebacking 140 be a flexible material which prevents growth and which tends to prevent curling of the surface covering 120 (such as a carpet tile). A glass scrim, mat, or the like may be preferred. - As indicated previously, it is also contemplated that one or more structural support layers may placed within the cured polyurethane. By way of example only,
FIG. 11 illustrates aformation system 210 for production of surface coverings incorporating polyurethane with an intermediate structural support layer, wherein elements corresponding to those previously described are designated by like reference numerals in a 200 series. - As will be appreciated, the
formation system 210 is substantially identical to the system illustrated and described in relation toFIG. 1 but with the addition of astructural support layer 250, such as a glass mat or scrim, between deposited layers ofpolyurethane composition structural support layer 250 is placed in contacting overlying relation to a first layer ofpolyurethane composition 214 following afirst leveller 216. A second layer ofpolyurethane composition 214′ is then applied across thestructural support layer 250 followed by aleveller 216′ thereby yielding a sandwich structure for application of thetextile face structure 220. - With reference to
FIGS. 11-15 , 23 and 24 of the drawings, the location of support, stabilizing or reinforcement layer ormaterial 250 can be determined by the amount of polyurethane composition added upstream and downstream of thesupport layer 250. Although it may be preferred that thesupport layer 250 be located at the top of, in the middle of, or at the bottom of the polyurethane backing (FIGS. 23 , 12, and 24, respectively), it may be located anywhere in between by controlling the add ofpolyurethane FIG. 11 . - By way of example only, one
structural support layer 250 is in the form of woven or non-woven glass, although other materials including polyester, polypropylene, and the like may also be utilized if desired. Thetextile face structure 220 may have any number of suitable constructions. By way of example only,FIGS. 12-15 illustrate a number of constructions incorporating astructural support layer 250 such as may be formed on thesystem 210 using various face structures. -
FIG. 12 illustrates a tuftedtextile face structure 220 incorporating an arrangement ofyarn elements 236 tufted through aprimary backing 238 such as a scrim, a non-woven or the like. As shown, the upper layer of curedpolyurethane composition 214′ extends substantially between thestructural support layer 250 and theprimary backing 238 thereby aiding in locking theyarn elements 236 in place. The lower layer of curedpolyurethane composition 214 extends away from thestructural support layer 250 to define a lower surface. -
FIG. 13 illustrates a woventextile face structure 220A disposed in contacting relation to the upper layer of curedpolyurethane composition 214′. As shown, the upper layer of curedpolyurethane composition 214′ extends substantially between thestructural support layer 250 and the underside of the woventextile face structure 220A and preferably migrates at least partially into the interstices between yarn elements forming the woventextile face structure 220A so as to promote good adhesion. The lower layer of curedpolyurethane composition 214 extends away from thestructural support layer 250 to define a lower surface. -
FIG. 14 illustrates a non-woventextile face structure 220B such as a needle punched, flocked, spun bond or other non-woven construction disposed in contacting relation to the upper layer of curedpolyurethane composition 214′. As shown, the upper layer of curedpolyurethane composition 214′ extends substantially between thestructural support layer 250 and the underside of the non-woventextile face structure 220B and preferably migrates at least partially into the interstices between fiber elements forming the non-woventextile face structure 220B so as to promote good adhesion. The lower layer of curedpolyurethane composition 214 extends away from thestructural support layer 250 to define a lower surface. -
FIG. 15 illustrates a bonded yarntextile face structure 220C incorporating an arrangement ofyarn elements 237 bonded in place across a primary backing orsubstrate layer 244 by an adhesive 242 disposed across the upper surface of theprimary backing layer 244. As shown, the upper layer of curedpolyurethane composition 214′ extends substantially between thestructural support layer 250 and the underside of theprimary backing layer 244. The lower layer of curedpolyurethane composition 214 extends away from thestructural support layer 250 to define a lower surface. - It is also contemplated that combinations of structural support layers and backings, such as felt backings, may be utilized. By way of example only,
FIG. 16 illustrates aformation system 310 for production of surface coverings incorporating polyurethane with an intermediate structural support layer and with a backing. In this figure and related figures, elements corresponding to those previously described are designated by like reference numerals within a 300 series. As will be appreciated, theformation system 310 is substantially identical to the system illustrated and described in relation toFIG. 11 but with the addition of a layer of backing such asfelt 340 across thebelt 312 at a position upstream of the location at which thepolyurethane composition 314 is deposited. - As shown, in the illustrated practice a first layer of
polyurethane composition 314 is deposited over the backing material orlayer 340 and levelled by afirst leveller 316. Thestructural support layer 350 is placed in contacting overlying relation to the first layer ofpolyurethane composition 314 following afirst leveller 316. A second layer ofpolyurethane composition 314′ is then applied across thestructural support layer 350 followed by aleveller 316′ thereby yielding a stabilized and backed sandwich structure for application of thetextile face structure 320. - The
textile face structure 320 may have any number of suitable constructions. By way of example only,FIGS. 17-20 illustrate a number of constructions incorporating astructural support layer 350 and abacking 340 such as may be formed on thesystem 310 using various face structures. -
FIG. 17 illustrates a tuftedtextile face structure 320 incorporating an arrangement ofyarn elements 336 tufted through aprimary backing 338 such as a woven, a non-woven or the like. As shown, the upper layer of curedpolyurethane composition 314′ extends substantially between thestructural support layer 350 and theprimary backing 338 thereby aiding in locking theyarn elements 336 in place. The lower layer of curedpolyurethane composition 314 extends away from thestructural support layer 350 to thebacking layer 340. -
FIG. 18 illustrates a woventextile face structure 320A disposed in contacting relation to the upper layer of curedpolyurethane composition 314′. As shown, the upper layer of curedpolyurethane composition 314′ extends substantially between thestructural support layer 350 and the underside of the woventextile face structure 320A and preferably migrates at least partially into the interstices between yarn elements forming the woventextile face structure 320A so as to promote good adhesion. The lower layer of curedpolyurethane composition 314 extends away from thestructural support layer 350 to thebacking layer 340. -
FIG. 19 illustrates a non-woventextile face structure 320B such as a needle punched, flocked, spun bond or other non-woven construction disposed in contacting relation to the upper layer of curedpolyurethane composition 314′. As shown, the upper layer of curedpolyurethane composition 314′ extends substantially between thestructural support layer 350 and the underside of the non-woventextile face structure 320B and preferably migrates at least partially into the interstices between fiber elements forming the non-woventextile face structure 320B so as to promote good adhesion. The lower layer of curedpolyurethane composition 314 extends away from thestructural support layer 350 to thebacking layer 340. -
FIG. 20 illustrates a bonded yarntextile face structure 320C incorporating an arrangement of yarn elements 337 bonded in place across a primary backing orsubstrate layer 344 by an adhesive 342 disposed across the upper surface of theprimary backing layer 344. As shown, the upper layer of curedpolyurethane composition 314′ extends substantially between thestructural support layer 350 and the underside of theprimary backing layer 340. The lower layer of curedpolyurethane composition 314 extends away from thestructural support layer 350 to the layer offelt 340. - With reference to
FIG. 21 , a tufted face surface covering like that ofFIG. 2 is shown with abacking 60 such as a coating, film, or the like. For example, backing 60 may be an adhesive or other friction enhancing coating such as TractionBack coating offered by Milliken & Company of LaGrange, Ga. - Similarly, the tufted face surface covering of
FIG. 22 is like that ofFIG. 7 with the addition of backing 160 such as a coating, film, or the like. - The tufted face surface covering of
FIG. 23 is like that ofFIG. 12 except that thesupport layer 250 is shown just belowtufts 236. - The woven face surface covering of
FIG. 24 is like that ofFIG. 13 except that thesupport layer 250 is shown at the bottom ofpolyurethane 214. -
FIGS. 25-27 relate to an alternative production process wherein theface material belt 112. Next,polyurethane composition 114 is poured or applied to the back of theface material blade 116. - With respect to
FIGS. 26 and 27 , abacking 140 is added over thepolyurethane 114 and nip or gaugeroll 162 presses backing 140 into thepolyurethane 114. - One advantage of the
system 110A ofFIG. 27 is that theface material 120 tends to keep thebelt 112 clean ofpolyurethane 114. - The
face material tufts 36 may be Nylon 6, Nylon 6,6, polyolefin, wool, or blends thereof. - If
face material 20 must be dyed, it is preferred that it be dyed prior to addition ofpolyurethane 14. -
Polyurethane 14 may include a polyol component, an isocyanate component, a catalyst, and other agents, fillers, additives, and the like. It has been discovered that the catalyst may be eliminated, that the polyol may be replaced with caster oil, or both. - The surface coverings of the present invention may be hardback or cushion back products. One can increase the cushion or resilience of the backing by adding more air, more blowing agent, felt, thickness, or the like. It is possibly preferred that a polyurethane hardback or cushion back product such as a polyurethane hardback or cushion back carpet tile have the structure of one of
FIGS. 2-5 , 7-10, 12-15, 17-20, and 21-26. It may also be preferred that a polyurethane backed area rug, roll goods, or floor mat of the present invention have the structure of one ofFIGS. 2-5 , 21, and 25. - In accordance with a particular example of an indoor/outdoor polyurethane backed area rug having a structure like that of
FIG. 2 , a tufted face greige carpet material (no precoat) had a cut pile, Nylon 6,6, jet dyed, 20 oz/yd2 face yarn, 8th gauge, tufted through a 4 oz/yd2 non-woven, polyester primary backing, was laid over a mechanically frothed, MDI based polyurethane at a 750 gram cup weight and an average add-on of 27 oz/yd2. The uncured polyurethane composition was poured onto a belt, doctored and then joined to the carpet greige goods under a marriage roll. The polyurethane was cured under heat. - In accordance with another example, an indoor/outdoor polyurethane backed area rug had an overall average height of about 7458.03 μm (micrometers), an average polyurethane backing height of about 1507.64 μm (micrometers), and a total weight of about 51.79 oz/yd2.
- In accordance with at least selected embodiments of the present invention, a nip, marriage, or gauge roll 62 (
FIG. 1 ), 162, (FIG. 6 ), 262 (FIG. 11 ), 362 (FIG. 16 ) presses theface material - The surface covering of the present invention may in at least one embodiment be 6 foot wide roll goods sometimes referred to a 6 foot broadloom.
- While the present invention has been illustrated and described in relation to certain potentially preferred embodiments and practices, it is to be understood that the illustrated and described embodiments and practices are illustrative only and that the present invention includes such embodiments but is not limited thereto. Rather, it is fully contemplated that modifications and variations to the present invention will no doubt occur to those of skill in the art upon reading the above description and/or through practice of the invention. It is therefore intended that the present invention shall extend to all such modifications and variations as may incorporate the broad principles of the present invention within the full spirit and scope thereof.
Claims (9)
1. A surface covering such as a floor covering comprising a textile face structure disposed in overlying contacting relation to a layer of filled polyurethane.
2. The invention of claim 1 , further comprising a backing disposed across a side of the layer of polyurethane facing away from the textile face structure.
3. The invention of claim 1 , further comprising a structural support layer disposed in embedded relation within the layer of polyurethane.
4. The invention of claim 1 , further comprising a structural support layer disposed in embedded relation within the layer of polyurethane and a backing disposed across a side of the layer of polyurethane facing away from the textile face structure.
5. The invention of claim 1 , wherein the surface covering is a carpet.
6. The invention of claim 1 , wherein the surface covering is a carpet tile.
7. The invention of claim 1 , wherein the surface covering is an area rug.
8. The invention of claim 1 I wherein the surface covering is a floor mat.
9. A method of forming combinations of the group consisting of carpet, carpet tile, area rugs and floor mats on a single processing line, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) delivering a mass of polyurethane forming composition onto an endless belt;
(b) leveling the polyurethane forming composition to a desired thickness;
(c) placing a preformed textile face structure into overlying contacting relation with the leveled polyurethane forming composition;
(d) curing the polyurethane forming composition in place across the underside of the textile face structure; and
(e) cutting the composite of textile face structure with cured polyurethane to at least two different sizes.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/539,537 US20080085391A1 (en) | 2006-10-06 | 2006-10-06 | Polyurethane backed products and methods |
PCT/US2006/049020 WO2008041999A1 (en) | 2006-10-06 | 2006-12-21 | Polyurethane backed products and methods |
PCT/US2007/021430 WO2008045342A2 (en) | 2006-10-06 | 2007-10-05 | Polyurethane backed products and methods |
CA002663809A CA2663809A1 (en) | 2006-10-06 | 2007-10-05 | Polyurethane backed products and methods |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/539,537 US20080085391A1 (en) | 2006-10-06 | 2006-10-06 | Polyurethane backed products and methods |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20080085391A1 true US20080085391A1 (en) | 2008-04-10 |
Family
ID=38093638
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/539,537 Abandoned US20080085391A1 (en) | 2006-10-06 | 2006-10-06 | Polyurethane backed products and methods |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20080085391A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2663809A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008041999A1 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060019061A1 (en) * | 2004-02-23 | 2006-01-26 | Ibiden, Co., Ltd. | Honeycomb structured body and exhaust gas purifying device |
US20090029097A1 (en) * | 2007-06-11 | 2009-01-29 | Riddle Dennis L | Flooring products and methods |
US20090110869A1 (en) * | 2007-10-31 | 2009-04-30 | Streeton Amy B | Polyurethane backed products and methods |
WO2010056250A1 (en) * | 2008-11-14 | 2010-05-20 | Shaw Industries Group, Inc. | Polyurethane foam pad and methods of making and using same |
US20100263152A1 (en) * | 2009-04-17 | 2010-10-21 | Tietex International Ltd. | Cleaning system incorporating stitch bonded cleaning pad with multi-filament stitches |
US20100267304A1 (en) * | 2008-11-14 | 2010-10-21 | Gregory Fowler | Polyurethane foam pad and methods of making and using same |
US8728581B2 (en) | 2009-07-17 | 2014-05-20 | Columbia Insurance Company | Embossed carpet backing |
US20200331246A1 (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2020-10-22 | Columbia Insurance Company | Cross-ply backing materials and carpet compositions comprising same |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10550284B2 (en) | 2016-07-14 | 2020-02-04 | Michelman, Inc. | Aqueous based polyurethane/acrylate hybrid dispersions |
IT202100010754A1 (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2022-10-28 | Consorzio Interuniversitario Per Lo Sviluppo Dei Sistemi A Grande Interfase Csgi | ORGANIC-INORGANIC COMPOSITE MATERIAL BASED ON CASTOR OIL FOR THE REMOVAL OF VOCs |
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US4522857A (en) * | 1984-09-24 | 1985-06-11 | Milliken Research Corporation | Carpet tile with stabilizing material embedded in adhesive layer |
US20090029097A1 (en) * | 2007-06-11 | 2009-01-29 | Riddle Dennis L | Flooring products and methods |
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BE793159A (en) * | 1971-12-21 | 1973-06-21 | Ici Ltd | FLOORING |
DE2748085A1 (en) * | 1976-11-04 | 1978-05-18 | Mobay Chemical Corp | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CARPET BACKING COATINGS |
US6096401A (en) * | 1996-08-28 | 2000-08-01 | The Dow Chemical Company | Carpet backing precoats, laminate coats, and foam coats prepared from polyurethane formulations including fly ash |
US5908701A (en) * | 1996-12-10 | 1999-06-01 | The Dow Chemical Company | Preparation of filled reactive polyurethane carpet backing formulations using an in-line continuous mixing process |
US20060111506A1 (en) * | 2004-11-22 | 2006-05-25 | Bedri Erdem | Filled polyurethane dispersions |
-
2006
- 2006-10-06 US US11/539,537 patent/US20080085391A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-12-21 WO PCT/US2006/049020 patent/WO2008041999A1/en active Application Filing
-
2007
- 2007-10-05 CA CA002663809A patent/CA2663809A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
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US4522857A (en) * | 1984-09-24 | 1985-06-11 | Milliken Research Corporation | Carpet tile with stabilizing material embedded in adhesive layer |
US20090029097A1 (en) * | 2007-06-11 | 2009-01-29 | Riddle Dennis L | Flooring products and methods |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060019061A1 (en) * | 2004-02-23 | 2006-01-26 | Ibiden, Co., Ltd. | Honeycomb structured body and exhaust gas purifying device |
US20090029097A1 (en) * | 2007-06-11 | 2009-01-29 | Riddle Dennis L | Flooring products and methods |
US20090110869A1 (en) * | 2007-10-31 | 2009-04-30 | Streeton Amy B | Polyurethane backed products and methods |
WO2010056250A1 (en) * | 2008-11-14 | 2010-05-20 | Shaw Industries Group, Inc. | Polyurethane foam pad and methods of making and using same |
US20100267304A1 (en) * | 2008-11-14 | 2010-10-21 | Gregory Fowler | Polyurethane foam pad and methods of making and using same |
US20100263152A1 (en) * | 2009-04-17 | 2010-10-21 | Tietex International Ltd. | Cleaning system incorporating stitch bonded cleaning pad with multi-filament stitches |
US8863347B2 (en) * | 2009-04-17 | 2014-10-21 | Tietex International Ltd | Cleaning system incorporating stitch bonded cleaning pad with multi-filament stitches |
US8728581B2 (en) | 2009-07-17 | 2014-05-20 | Columbia Insurance Company | Embossed carpet backing |
US20200331246A1 (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2020-10-22 | Columbia Insurance Company | Cross-ply backing materials and carpet compositions comprising same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2663809A1 (en) | 2008-04-17 |
WO2008041999A1 (en) | 2008-04-10 |
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