US20080064613A1 - Dispersant coated weighting agents - Google Patents

Dispersant coated weighting agents Download PDF

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Publication number
US20080064613A1
US20080064613A1 US11/741,199 US74119907A US2008064613A1 US 20080064613 A1 US20080064613 A1 US 20080064613A1 US 74119907 A US74119907 A US 74119907A US 2008064613 A1 US2008064613 A1 US 2008064613A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
fluid
weighting agent
dispersant
coated
sized
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/741,199
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English (en)
Inventor
Jarrod Massam
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MI LLC
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MI LLC
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Publication date
Application filed by MI LLC filed Critical MI LLC
Priority to US11/741,689 priority Critical patent/US7618927B2/en
Priority to US11/741,199 priority patent/US20080064613A1/en
Priority to BRPI0716793-8A priority patent/BRPI0716793A2/pt
Priority to GB0905100A priority patent/GB2455034A/en
Priority to MX2009002464A priority patent/MX2009002464A/es
Priority to CN200780033635.XA priority patent/CN101511968B/zh
Priority to CA2661918A priority patent/CA2661918C/fr
Priority to AU2007294625A priority patent/AU2007294625B2/en
Priority to EP07784448A priority patent/EP1987112A4/fr
Priority to PCT/US2007/071338 priority patent/WO2008033591A1/fr
Priority to CA2663117A priority patent/CA2663117C/fr
Priority to NZ575007A priority patent/NZ575007A/en
Priority to EP07798639A priority patent/EP2069457A4/fr
Priority to PCT/US2007/071344 priority patent/WO2008033592A1/fr
Priority to EA200701191A priority patent/EA012144B1/ru
Priority to MYPI20090636A priority patent/MY157936A/en
Priority to GB0812577A priority patent/GB2447393B/en
Priority to AU2007294626A priority patent/AU2007294626B2/en
Priority to EA200701200A priority patent/EA200701200A1/ru
Priority to MX2009002614A priority patent/MX2009002614A/es
Assigned to M-I L.L.C. reassignment M-I L.L.C. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MASSAM, JARROD
Priority to US11/767,143 priority patent/US7918289B2/en
Priority to ARP070104016A priority patent/AR062747A1/es
Publication of US20080064613A1 publication Critical patent/US20080064613A1/en
Priority to NO20083088A priority patent/NO20083088L/no
Priority to US12/191,089 priority patent/US7651983B2/en
Priority to US12/206,388 priority patent/US20090071649A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/03—Specific additives for general use in well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/032—Inorganic additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/03—Specific additives for general use in well-drilling compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/04—Aqueous well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/14—Clay-containing compositions
    • C09K8/16—Clay-containing compositions characterised by the inorganic compounds other than clay
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/32—Non-aqueous well-drilling compositions, e.g. oil-based
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2208/00—Aspects relating to compositions of drilling or well treatment fluids
    • C09K2208/18—Bridging agents, i.e. particles for temporarily filling the pores of a formation; Graded salts

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to fluids and surface coated solid materials for use in a wellbore fluid.
  • drill bit cutting surfaces When drilling or completing wells in earth formations, various fluids typically are used in the well for a variety of reasons.
  • Common uses for well fluids include: lubrication and cooling of drill bit cutting surfaces while drilling generally or drilling-in (i.e., drilling in a targeted petroliferous formation), transportation of “cuttings” (pieces of formation dislodged by the cutting action of the teeth on a drill bit) to the surface, controlling formation fluid pressure to prevent blowouts, maintaining well stability, suspending solids in the well, minimizing fluid loss into and stabilizing the formation through which the well is being drilled, fracturing the formation in the vicinity of the well, displacing the fluid within the well with another fluid, cleaning the well, testing the well, transmitting hydraulic horsepower to the drill bit, fluid used for emplacing a packer, abandoning the well or preparing the well for abandonment, and otherwise treating the well or the formation.
  • drilling fluids should be pumpable under pressure down through strings of drilling pipe, then through and around the drilling bit head deep in the earth, and then returned back to the earth surface through an annulus between the outside of the drill stem and the hole wall or casing.
  • drilling fluids should suspend and transport solid particles to the surface for screening out and disposal.
  • the fluids should be capable of suspending additive weighting agents (to increase specific gravity of the mud), generally finely ground barites (barium sulfate ore), and transport clay and other substances capable of adhering to and coating the borehole surface.
  • Drilling fluids are generally characterized as thixotropic fluid systems. That is, they exhibit low viscosity when sheared, such as when in circulation (as occurs during pumping or contact with the moving drilling bit). However, when the shearing action is halted, the fluid should be capable of suspending the solids it contains to prevent gravity separation. In addition, when the drilling fluid is under shear conditions and a free-flowing near-liquid, it must retain a sufficiently high enough viscosity to carry all unwanted particulate matter from the bottom of the well bore to the surface. The drilling fluid formulation should also allow the cuttings and other unwanted particulate material to be removed or otherwise settle out from the liquid fraction.
  • Drilling fluids having the Theological profiles that enable these wells to be drilled more easily.
  • Drilling fluids having tailored Theological properties ensure that cuttings are removed from the wellbore as efficiently and effectively as possible to avoid the formation of cuttings beds in the well which can cause the drill string to become stuck, among other issues.
  • an enhanced profile is necessary to prevent settlement or sag of the weighting agent in the fluid, if this occurs it can lead to an uneven density profile within the circulating fluid system which can result in well control (gas/fluid influx) and wellbore stability problems (caving/fractures).
  • the fluid must be easy to pump so it requires the minimum amount of pressure to force it through restrictions in the circulating fluid system, such as bit nozzles or down-hole tools. Or in other words, the fluid must have the lowest possible viscosity under high shear conditions. Conversely, in zones of the well where the area for fluid flow is large and the velocity of the fluid is slow or where there are low shear conditions, the viscosity of the fluid needs to be as high as possible in order to suspend and transport the drilled cuttings. This also applies to the periods when the fluid is left static in the hole, where both cuttings and weighting materials need to be kept suspended to prevent settlement.
  • the viscosity of the fluid should not continue to increase under static conditions to unacceptable levels. Otherwise when the fluid needs to be circulated again this can lead to excessive pressures that can fracture the formation or alternatively it can lead to lost time if the force required to regain a fully circulating fluid system is beyond the limits of the pumps.
  • Wellbore fluids must also contribute to the stability of the well bore, and control the flow of gas, oil or water from the pores of the formation in order to prevent, for example, the flow or blow out of formation fluids or the collapse of pressured earth formations.
  • the column of fluid in the hole exerts a hydrostatic pressure proportional to the depth of the hole and the density of the fluid.
  • High-pressure formations may require a fluid with a specific gravity as high as 3.0.
  • a variety of materials are presently used to increase the density of wellbore fluids. These include dissolved salts such as sodium chloride, calcium chloride and calcium bromide. Alternatively, powdered minerals such as barite, calcite and hematite are added to a fluid to form a suspension of increased density.
  • finely divided metal, such as iron as a weight material in a drilling fluid wherein the weight material includes iron/steel ball-shaped particles having a diameter less than 250 ⁇ m and preferentially between 15 and 75 ⁇ m has also been described.
  • the use of finely powdered calcium or iron carbonate has also been proposed; however, the plastic viscosity of such fluids rapidly increases as the particle size decreases, limiting the utility of these materials.
  • these wellbore fluid additives form a stable suspension and do not readily settle out.
  • a second requirement is that the suspension exhibit a low viscosity in order to facilitate pumping and to minimize the generation of high pressures.
  • the wellbore fluid slurry should also exhibit low fluid loss.
  • weighting agents such as powdered barite exhibit an average particle diameter (d 50 ) in the range of 10-30 ⁇ m.
  • a gellant such as bentonite for water-based fluids, or organically modified bentonite for oil-based fluids.
  • a soluble polymer viscosifier such as xanthan gum may be also added to slow the rate of the sedimentation of the weighting agent.
  • the fluid viscosity plastic viscosity and/or yield point
  • a viscosifier is used to maintain a desirable level of solids suspension.
  • the sedimentation (or “sag”) of particulate weighting agents becomes more critical in wellbores drilled at high angles from the vertical, in that a sag of, for example, one inch (2.54 cm) can result in a continuous column of reduced density fluid along the upper portion of the wellbore wall.
  • a sag of, for example, one inch (2.54 cm) can result in a continuous column of reduced density fluid along the upper portion of the wellbore wall.
  • Such high angle wells are frequently drilled over large distances in order to access, for example, remote portions of an oil reservoir. In such instances it is important to minimize a drilling fluid's plastic viscosity in order to reduce the pressure losses over the borehole length.
  • a high density also should be maintained to prevent a blow out.
  • the issues of sag become increasingly important to avoid differential sticking or the settling out of the particulate weighting agents on the low side of the wellbore.
  • embodiments disclosed herein relate to a method of formulating a wellbore fluid that includes providing a base fluid; and adding a sized weighting agent coated with a dispersant made by the method of dry blending a weighting agent and a dispersant to form a sized weighting agent coated with the dispersant.
  • embodiments disclosed herein relate to a wellbore fluid that includes a base fluid; and a sized weighting agent coated with a dispersant made by the method of dry blending a weighting agent and a dispersant to form a sized weighting agent coated with the dispersant.
  • FIG. 1 shows a flow diagram of a dry blending process in accordance with one embodiment disclosed herein.
  • embodiments disclosed herein relate to dispersant coatings on weighting agents used in wellbore fluids. In another aspect, embodiments disclosed herein relate to the formulation of wellbore fluids that include dispersant coated weighting agents.
  • a weighting agent may be coated with a dispersant by a dry blending process.
  • the resultant coated weighting agent may be added in new drilling fluid formulations or added to existing formulations.
  • dry blending refers to a process in which the weighting agent is mixed and coated with a dispersant in the absence of a solvent.
  • An analogous process in the presence of solvent generating colloidal coated particles has been disclosed in U.S. Patent Application No. 20040127366 assigned to the assignee of the present application, which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • the term “sized weighting agent” refers to weighting agents having particle size distribution reduced below conventional API specified distribution.
  • the weighting agent may be dry blended with the dispersant in a comminution process (grinding) process or by other means such as, for example, thermal desorption.
  • Weighting agents used in embodiments disclosed herein may include a variety of compounds well known to one of skill in the art.
  • the weighting agent may be selected from materials including, for example, barium sulphate (barite), calcium carbonate, dolomite, ilmenite, hematite, olivine, siderite, manganese oxide, and strontium sulphate.
  • barium sulphate barite
  • calcium carbonate dolomite, ilmenite, hematite, olivine, siderite, manganese oxide, and strontium sulphate.
  • the weighting agent may be a sized weighting agent having a d 90 ranging from 1 to 25 ⁇ m and a d 50 ranging from 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the sized weighting agent includes particles having a d 90 ranging from 2 to 8 ⁇ m and a d 50 ranging from 0.5 to 4 ⁇ m.
  • the weighting agent may have a particle size distribution other than a monomodal distribution. That is, the weighting agent may have a particle size distribution that, in various embodiments, may be monomodal, which may or may not be Gaussian, bimodal, or polymodal.
  • sized weighting agents has been disclosed in U.S. Patent Application No. 20050277553 assigned to the assignee of the current application, which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • Particles having these size distributions may be obtained by several means.
  • sized particles such as a suitable barite product having similar particle size distributions as disclosed herein, may be commercially purchased.
  • a coarser ground suitable material may be obtained, and the material may be further ground by any known technique to the desired particle size.
  • Such techniques include jet-milling, high performance dry milling techniques, or any other technique that is known in the art generally for milling powdered products.
  • appropriately sized particles of barite may be selectively removed from a product stream of a conventional barite grinding plant, which may include selectively removing the fines from a conventional API barite grinding operation. Fines are often considered a by-product of the grinding process, and conventionally these materials are blended with courser materials to achieve API grade barite. However, in accordance with the present disclosure, these by-product fines may be further processed via an air classifier to achieve the particle size distributions disclosed herein.
  • the sized weighting agents may be formed by chemical precipitation. Such precipitated products may be used alone or in combination with mechanically milled products.
  • the dispersant may be selected from carboxylic acids of molecular weight of at least 150 Daltons such as oleic acid and polybasic fatty acids, alkylbenzene sulphonic acids, alkane sulphonic acids, linear alpha-olefin sulphonic acid, phospholipids such as lecithin, including salts thereof and including mixtures therof.
  • carboxylic acids of molecular weight of at least 150 Daltons such as oleic acid and polybasic fatty acids, alkylbenzene sulphonic acids, alkane sulphonic acids, linear alpha-olefin sulphonic acid, phospholipids such as lecithin, including salts thereof and including mixtures therof.
  • Synthetic polymers may also be utilized such as HYPERMER OM-1 (Imperial Chemical Industries, PLC, London, United Kingdom) or polyacrylate esters, for example.
  • polyacrylate esters may include polymers of stearyl methacrylate and/or
  • the corresponding acids methacrylic acid and/or acrylic acid may be used.
  • acrylate or other unsaturated carboxylic acid monomers or esters thereof may be used to achieve substantially the same results as disclosed herein.
  • a water soluble polymer of molecular weight of at least 2000 Daltons may be used in a particular embodiment.
  • water soluble polymers may include a homopolymer or copolymer of any monomer selected from acrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid or anhydride, hydroxypropyl acrylate vinylsulphonic acid, acrylamido 2-propane sulphonic acid, acrylamide, styrene sulphonic acid, acrylic phosphate esters, methyl vinyl ether and vinyl acetate or salts thereof.
  • the polymeric dispersant may have an average molecular weight from about 10,000 Daltons to about 300,000 Daltons in one embodiment, from about 17,000 Daltons to about 40,000 Daltons in another embodiment, and from about 200,000-300,000 Daltons in yet another embodiment.
  • intermediate molecular weight polymers 10,000-300,000 Daltons
  • the polymeric dispersant be polymerized prior to or simultaneously with the dry blending processes disclosed herein.
  • Such polymerizations may involve, for example, thermal polymerization, catalyzed polymerization or combinations thereof.
  • Coating of the weighting agent with the dispersant may be performed in a dry blending process such that the process is substantially free of solvent.
  • a dry blending process such that the process is substantially free of solvent.
  • FIG. 1 one embodiment for producing a coated weighting agent is illustrated.
  • the process includes blending the weighting agent 10 and a dispersant 12 at a desired ratio to form a blended material.
  • the weighting agent 10 may be unsized initially and rely on the blending process to grind the particles into the desired size range as disclosed above.
  • the process may begin with sized weighting agents.
  • the blended material 14 may then be fed to a heat exchange system 16 , such as a thermal desorption system.
  • the mixture may be forwarded through the heat exchanger using a mixer 18 , such as a screw conveyor.
  • the polymer may remain associated with the weighting agent.
  • the polymer/weighting agent mixture 20 may then be separated into polymer coated weighting agent 22 , unassociated polymer 24 , and any agglomerates 26 that may have formed.
  • the unassociated polymer 24 may optionally be recycled to the beginning of the process, if desired.
  • the dry blending process alone may serve to coat the weighting agent without heating.
  • a sized weighting agent may be coated by thermal adsorption as described above, in the absence of a dry blending process.
  • a process for making a coated substrate may include heating a sized weighting agent to a temperature sufficient to react a monomeric dispersant as described above onto the weighting agent to form a polymer coated sized weighting agent and recovering the polymer coated weighting agent.
  • one may use a catalyzed process to form the polymer in the presence of the sized weighting agent.
  • the polymer may be preformed and may be thermally adsorbed onto the sized weighting agent.
  • the dispersant is coated onto the weighting agent during the grinding process. That is to say, coarse weighting agent is ground in the presence of a relatively high concentration of dispersant such that the newly formed surfaces of the fine particles are exposed to and thus coated by the dispersant. It is speculated that this allows the dispersant to find an acceptable conformation on the particle surface thus coating the surface. Alternatively it is speculated that because a relatively higher concentration of dispersant in the grinding fluid, as opposed to that in a drilling fluid, the dispersant is more likely to be adsorbed (either physically or chemically) to the particle surface.
  • coating of the surface is intended to mean that a sufficient number of dispersant molecules are absorbed (physically or chemically) or otherwise closely associated with the surface of the particles so that the fine particles of material do not cause the rapid rise in viscosity observed in the prior art.
  • dispersant molecules may not actually be fully covering the particle surface and that quantification of the number of molecules is very difficult.
  • dry coated particles may be obtained from an oil-based slurry through methods such as spray drying and thermal desorption, for example.
  • the dispersant may comprise from about 1% to about 10% of the total mass of the dispersant plus weighting agent.
  • the dry coated weighting agent may be used in a wellbore fluid formulation.
  • the wellbore fluid may be a water-based fluid, an invert emulsion or an oil-based fluid.
  • Water-based wellbore fluids may have an aqueous fluid as the base solvent and a dispersant coated weighting agent.
  • the aqueous fluid may include at least one of fresh water, sea water, brine, mixtures of water and water-soluble organic compounds and mixtures thereof.
  • the aqueous fluid may be formulated with mixtures of desired salts in fresh water.
  • Such salts may include, but are not limited to alkali metal chlorides, hydroxides, or carboxylates, for example.
  • the brine may include seawater, aqueous solutions wherein the salt concentration is less than that of sea water, or aqueous solutions wherein the salt concentration is greater than that of sea water.
  • Salts that may be found in seawater include, but are not limited to, sodium, calcium, sulfur, aluminum, magnesium, potassium, strontium, silicon, lithium, and phosphorus salts of chlorides, bromides, carbonates, iodides, chlorates, bromates, fonnates, nitrates, oxides, and fluorides. Salts that may be incorporated in a given brine include any one or more of those present in natural seawater or any other organic or inorganic dissolved salts. Additionally, brines that may be used in the drilling fluids disclosed herein may be natural or synthetic, with synthetic brines tending to be much simpler in constitution. In one embodiment, the density of the drilling fluid may be controlled by increasing the salt concentration in the brine (up to saturation). In a particular embodiment, a brine may include halide or carboxylate salts of mono- or divalent cations of metals, such as cesium, potassium, calcium, zinc, and/or sodium.
  • the oil-based/invert emulsion wellbore fluids may include an oleaginous continuous phase, a non-oleaginous discontinuous phase, and a dispersant coated weighting agent.
  • a dispersant coated weighting agent may be modified in accordance with the desired application. For example, modifications may include the hydrophilic/hydrophobic nature of the dispersant.
  • the oleaginous fluid may be a liquid and more preferably is a natural or synthetic oil and more preferably the oleaginous fluid is selected from the group including diesel oil; mineral oil; a synthetic oil, such as hydrogenated and unhydrogenated olefins including poly(alpha-olefins), linear and branch olefins and the like, polydiorganosiloxanes, sitoxanes, or organosiloxanes, esters of fatty acids, specifically straight chain, branched and cyclical alkyl ethers of fatty acids, mixtures thereof and similar compounds known to one of skill in the art; and mixtures thereof.
  • diesel oil such as hydrogenated and unhydrogenated olefins including poly(alpha-olefins), linear and branch olefins and the like, polydiorganosiloxanes, sitoxanes, or organosiloxanes, esters of fatty acids, specifically straight chain, branched and cyclical
  • the concentration of the oleaginous fluid should be sufficient so that an invert emulsion forms and may be less than about 99% by volume of the invert emulsion.
  • the amount of oleaginous fluid is from about 30% to about 95% by volume and more preferably about 40% to about 90% by volume of the invert emulsion fluid.
  • the oleaginous fluid in one embodiment, may include at least 5% by volume of a material selected from the group including esters, ethers, acetals, dialkylcarbonates, hydrocarbons, and combinations thereof.
  • the non-oleaginous fluid used in the formulation of the invert emulsion fluid disclosed herein is a liquid and may be an aqueous liquid.
  • the non-oleaginous liquid may be selected from the group including sea water, a brine containing organic and/or inorganic dissolved salts, liquids containing water-miscible organic compounds and combinations thereof.
  • the amount of the non-oleaginous fluid is typically less than the theoretical limit needed for forming an invert emulsion Thus, in one embodiment, the amount of non-oleaginous fluid is less that about 70% by volume and preferably from about 1% to about 70% by volume.
  • the non-oleaginous fluid is preferably from about 5% to about 60% by volume of the invert emulsion fluid.
  • the fluid phase may include either an aqueous fluid or an oleaginous fluid, or mixtures thereof.
  • coated barite or other weighting agents may be included in a wellbore fluid comprising an aqueous fluid that includes at least one of fresh water, sea water, brine, and combinations thereof
  • the fluids disclosed herein are especially useful in the drilling, completion and working over of subterranean oil and gas wells.
  • the fluids disclosed herein may find use in formulating drilling muds and completion fluids that allow for the easy and quick removal of the filter cake.
  • Such muds and fluids are especially useful in the drilling of horizontal wells into hydrocarbon bearing formations.
  • Conventional methods can be used to prepare the drilling fluids disclosed herein in a manner analogous to those normally used, to prepare conventional water- and oil-based drilling fluids.
  • a desired quantity of water-based fluid and a suitable amount of the dispersant coated weighting agent are mixed together and the remaining components of the drilling fluid added sequentially with continuous mixing.
  • a desired quantity of oleaginous fluid such as a base oil, a non-oleaginous fluid and a suitable amount of the dispersant coated weighting agent are mixed together and the remaining components are added sequentially with continuous mixing.
  • An invert emulsion may be formed by vigorously agitating, mixing or shearing the oleaginous fluid and the non-oleaginous fluid.
  • additives that may be included in the wellbore fluids disclosed herein include for example, wetting agents, organophilic clays, viscosifiers, fluid loss control agents, surfactants, dispersants, interfacial tension reducers, pH buffers, mutual solvents, thinners, thinning agents and cleaning agents.
  • wetting agents for example, wetting agents, organophilic clays, viscosifiers, fluid loss control agents, surfactants, dispersants, interfacial tension reducers, pH buffers, mutual solvents, thinners, thinning agents and cleaning agents.
  • wetting agents for example, wetting agents, organophilic clays, viscosifiers, fluid loss control agents, surfactants, dispersants, interfacial tension reducers, pH buffers, mutual solvents, thinners, thinning agents and cleaning agents.
  • an existing drilling fluid formulation may be modified with a dispersant coated weighting agent.
  • a dispersant coated weighting agent may be added to any type of existing wellbore fluid formulation.
  • the following examples include exemplary coated and uncoated weighting agents and experimental data showing their fluid loss and rheological properties.
  • Oil-based drilling fluids were tested over a mud weight range of 12.5-22.0 ppg and temperatures of 250-350° F. using a polyacrylate polymer coated barite as the weighting material.
  • ppg pounds per gallon
  • EDC 99DW a highly hydrogenated mineral oil
  • M-I LLC highly hydrogenated mineral oil
  • 14 ppg solutions were formulated with dispersant coated barite as well as uncoated barite. Quantities of each component are expressed in pounds per barrel (ppb) as shown in Table 1 below (EMUL HTTM and TRUVISTM are each available from M-I LLC, Houston, Tex.).
  • Polyacrylate polymer coated barite and uncoated barite in 14 ppg drilling fluids were formulated to an oil/water ratio (OWR) of 80/20 and aged at 250° F. for 16 hours.
  • Rheological properties were determined using a Fann Model 35 viscometer, available from Fann Instrument Company. Fluid loss was measured with a saturated API high temperature, high pressure (HTHP) cell. Gel strength (i.e., measure of the suspending characteristics or thixotropic properties of a fluid) was evaluated by the 10 minute gel strength in pounds per 100 square feet, in accordance with procedures in API Bulletin RP 1313-2, 1990. Electrical stability (ES) of the emulsion was measured by the test described in “Composition and Properties of Drilling and Completion Fluids,” 5 th Ed. H. C. H. Darley, George R. Gray, 1988, p. 116. The results are shown in Table 2 below.
  • the results show an enhanced rheological profile with the coated barite giving a lower yield point (YP), low-shear rate viscosities and gel strength.
  • the fluid loss also shows improvement when using the coated barite.
  • an existing fluid formulation may be weighted up with dispersant-coated weighting agents.
  • dispersant-coated weighting agents The following experiments were carried out with a 16 ppg oil-based aged at 350° F. Quantities of each component are expressed in pounds per barrel (ppb) as shown in Table 3 below (EMUL HTTM, VERSAGEL®, and VERSATROL® are each available from M-I LLC, Houston, Tex.).
  • a 20 ppg fluid was formulated to an OWR of 90/10 and aged at 350° F. Quantities of each component are expressed in pounds per barrel (ppb) as shown in Table 5 below (SUREMULTM and VERSATROLTM are each available from M-I LLC, Houston, Tex.; BENTONE is available from N L Industries, New York, N.Y.).
  • a 14 pounds per gallon (ppg) fluid was formulated with DFJ as the oleaginous phase.
  • Three 14 ppg were formulated with micronized manganese oxide: a mud containing uncoated micronized manganese oxide, drilling mud including uncoated micronized manganese oxide and a dispersant (EMI759, available from M-I LLC, Houston, Tex.), and a dispersant (EMI759) coated manganese oxide.
  • the above described drilling fluids were formulated to an oil/water ratio (OWR) of 80/20 and aged at 250° F. for 16 hours.
  • Rheological properties were determined using a Fann Model 35 viscometer, available from Fann Instrument Company. Fluid loss was measured with a saturated API high temperature, high pressure (HTHP) cell.
  • Gel strength i.e., measure of the suspending characteristics or thixotropic properties of a fluid was evaluated by the 10 minute gel strength in pounds per 100 square feet, in accordance with procedures in API Bulletin RP 1313-2, 1990. The results are shown in Table 9 below.
  • results show an enhanced Theological profile with the coated manganese oxide giving a lower yield point (YP), low-shear rate viscosities and gel strength.
  • the fluid loss also shows improvement when using the dispersant coated manganese oxide.
  • results in Table 9 also show the benefit of coating the weighting agent with a dispersant as opposed to only including the dispersant in the mud formulation.
  • the benefits of the coated weight material may be optimum when a sized weighting agent is used.
  • a sized range may allow both ease of material dispersion and a requirement of fewer drilling fluid additives, such as an emulsifier and organoclay, to achieve the desired fluid properties.
  • drilling fluid additives such as an emulsifier and organoclay
  • fluids such as those disclosed herein may allow optimization in each of those aspects.
  • the coated weighting agent is formed in a dry process, it may be used without requiring additional weighting-up.

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  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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US11/741,199 1996-07-24 2007-04-27 Dispersant coated weighting agents Abandoned US20080064613A1 (en)

Priority Applications (25)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/741,689 US7618927B2 (en) 1996-07-24 2007-04-27 Increased rate of penetration from low rheology wellbore fluids
US11/741,199 US20080064613A1 (en) 2006-09-11 2007-04-27 Dispersant coated weighting agents
PCT/US2007/071344 WO2008033592A1 (fr) 2006-09-11 2007-06-15 Vitesse accrue de pénétration de fluides de puits de forage à faible rhéologie
MYPI20090636A MY157936A (en) 2006-09-11 2007-06-15 Dispersant coated weighting agents
MX2009002464A MX2009002464A (es) 2006-09-11 2007-06-15 Agentes densificantes recubiertos de dispersante.
CN200780033635.XA CN101511968B (zh) 2006-09-11 2007-06-15 分散剂包覆的增重剂
CA2661918A CA2661918C (fr) 2006-09-11 2007-06-15 Produits alourdissants revetus d'un dispersant
AU2007294625A AU2007294625B2 (en) 2006-09-11 2007-06-15 Dispersant coated weighting agents
EP07784448A EP1987112A4 (fr) 2006-09-11 2007-06-15 Produits alourdissants revêtus d'un dispersant
PCT/US2007/071338 WO2008033591A1 (fr) 2006-09-11 2007-06-15 Produits alourdissants revêtus d'un dispersant
CA2663117A CA2663117C (fr) 2006-09-11 2007-06-15 Vitesse accrue de penetration de fluides de puits de forage a faible rheologie
NZ575007A NZ575007A (en) 2006-09-11 2007-06-15 Dispersant coated weighting agents
EP07798639A EP2069457A4 (fr) 2006-09-11 2007-06-15 Vitesse accrue de pénétration de fluides de puits de forage à faible rhéologie
BRPI0716793-8A BRPI0716793A2 (pt) 2006-09-11 2007-06-15 agentes de peso revestidos com dispersante
EA200701191A EA012144B1 (ru) 2006-09-11 2007-06-15 Утяжелители с покрытием из диспергатора
GB0905100A GB2455034A (en) 2006-09-11 2007-06-15 Increased rate of penetration from low rheology wellbore fluids
GB0812577A GB2447393B (en) 2006-09-11 2007-06-15 Dispersant coated weighting agents
AU2007294626A AU2007294626B2 (en) 2006-09-11 2007-06-15 Increased rate of penetration from low rheology wellbore fluids
EA200701200A EA200701200A1 (ru) 2007-04-02 2007-06-15 Способ повышения скорости проходки в результате применения скважинных жидкостей с низкой реологией
MX2009002614A MX2009002614A (es) 2006-09-11 2007-06-15 Fluidos de perforacion de baja reologia con velocidad de penetracion incrementada.
US11/767,143 US7918289B2 (en) 1996-07-24 2007-06-22 Method of completing a well with sand screens
ARP070104016A AR062747A1 (es) 2006-09-11 2007-09-11 Agentes aumentaores de peso revestidos con dispersantes
NO20083088A NO20083088L (no) 2006-09-11 2008-07-09 Dispergeringsmiddelbelagte vektmidler
US12/191,089 US7651983B2 (en) 1996-07-24 2008-08-13 Reduced abrasiveness with micronized weighting material
US12/206,388 US20090071649A1 (en) 1996-07-24 2008-09-08 Wellbore fluids for cement displacement operations

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US82515606P 2006-09-11 2006-09-11
US11/741,199 US20080064613A1 (en) 2006-09-11 2007-04-27 Dispersant coated weighting agents

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US11/145,259 Continuation-In-Part US7220707B2 (en) 1996-07-24 2005-06-03 Sized barite as a weighting agent for drilling fluids
US11/741,689 Continuation-In-Part US7618927B2 (en) 1996-07-24 2007-04-27 Increased rate of penetration from low rheology wellbore fluids

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US10/610,499 Continuation-In-Part US7267291B2 (en) 1996-07-24 2003-06-30 Additive for increasing the density of an oil-based fluid and fluid comprising such additive
US11/617,031 Continuation-In-Part US20070105724A1 (en) 1996-07-24 2006-12-28 Method of using a sized barite as a weighting agent for drilling fluids
US11/741,689 Continuation-In-Part US7618927B2 (en) 1996-07-24 2007-04-27 Increased rate of penetration from low rheology wellbore fluids
US11/767,143 Continuation-In-Part US7918289B2 (en) 1996-07-24 2007-06-22 Method of completing a well with sand screens
US12/191,089 Continuation-In-Part US7651983B2 (en) 1996-07-24 2008-08-13 Reduced abrasiveness with micronized weighting material

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US11/741,199 Abandoned US20080064613A1 (en) 1996-07-24 2007-04-27 Dispersant coated weighting agents
US12/440,706 Expired - Fee Related US8168569B2 (en) 2006-09-11 2007-09-11 Precipitated weighting agents for use in wellbore fluids
US13/447,729 Expired - Fee Related US8598096B2 (en) 2006-09-11 2012-04-16 Precipitated weighting agents for use in wellbore fluids
US14/066,125 Abandoned US20140162909A1 (en) 2006-09-11 2013-10-29 Precipitated weighting agents for use in wellbore fluids

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US13/447,729 Expired - Fee Related US8598096B2 (en) 2006-09-11 2012-04-16 Precipitated weighting agents for use in wellbore fluids
US14/066,125 Abandoned US20140162909A1 (en) 2006-09-11 2013-10-29 Precipitated weighting agents for use in wellbore fluids

Country Status (16)

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US (4) US20080064613A1 (fr)
EP (2) EP1987112A4 (fr)
CN (3) CN101511968B (fr)
AR (2) AR062747A1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE518933T1 (fr)
AU (2) AU2007294625B2 (fr)
BR (2) BRPI0716793A2 (fr)
CA (2) CA2661918C (fr)
DK (1) DK2066759T3 (fr)
EA (2) EA012144B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2447393B (fr)
MX (2) MX2009002464A (fr)
MY (2) MY157936A (fr)
NO (2) NO20083088L (fr)
NZ (2) NZ575007A (fr)
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AU2007294625A1 (en) 2008-03-20
US20140162909A1 (en) 2014-06-12
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US20100009874A1 (en) 2010-01-14
BRPI0716793A2 (pt) 2013-02-19
EA015666B1 (ru) 2011-10-31
US8598096B2 (en) 2013-12-03
GB2447393A (en) 2008-09-10
CN103725264A (zh) 2014-04-16
EA200970272A1 (ru) 2009-10-30
MY157936A (en) 2016-08-15
AR062747A1 (es) 2008-12-03
CA2663192C (fr) 2011-11-22
AU2007294625B2 (en) 2011-04-07
AU2007296539A1 (en) 2008-03-20
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ATE518933T1 (de) 2011-08-15
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MY150058A (en) 2013-11-29
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DK2066759T3 (da) 2011-10-31
CA2661918C (fr) 2012-01-10
NZ575494A (en) 2011-10-28
CN101595197A (zh) 2009-12-02
CN101511968A (zh) 2009-08-19
CN103725264B (zh) 2017-05-24
CN101595197B (zh) 2014-01-22
GB0812577D0 (en) 2008-08-13
NO20091355L (no) 2009-05-19
NO341110B1 (no) 2017-08-28
EP2066759A2 (fr) 2009-06-10
CA2661918A1 (fr) 2008-03-20
MX2009002615A (es) 2009-04-28
EP2066759B1 (fr) 2011-08-03
WO2008033838A3 (fr) 2008-05-22
US20120202718A1 (en) 2012-08-09
AR062751A1 (es) 2008-12-03
EP1987112A1 (fr) 2008-11-05
US8168569B2 (en) 2012-05-01
EA200701191A1 (ru) 2008-06-30
EA012144B1 (ru) 2009-08-28
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CA2663192A1 (fr) 2008-03-20

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