US20080063466A1 - High-performance ball socket - Google Patents
High-performance ball socket Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20080063466A1 US20080063466A1 US11/937,656 US93765607A US2008063466A1 US 20080063466 A1 US20080063466 A1 US 20080063466A1 US 93765607 A US93765607 A US 93765607A US 2008063466 A1 US2008063466 A1 US 2008063466A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- bearing shell
- basic body
- reinforced
- ball
- plastic material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
- F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
- F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
- F16C11/0619—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints the female part comprising a blind socket receiving the male part
- F16C11/0623—Construction or details of the socket member
- F16C11/0628—Construction or details of the socket member with linings
- F16C11/0633—Construction or details of the socket member with linings the linings being made of plastics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
- F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
- F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
- F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
- F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
- F16C11/0619—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints the female part comprising a blind socket receiving the male part
- F16C11/0623—Construction or details of the socket member
- F16C11/0628—Construction or details of the socket member with linings
- F16C11/0633—Construction or details of the socket member with linings the linings being made of plastics
- F16C11/0638—Construction or details of the socket member with linings the linings being made of plastics characterised by geometrical details
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/32—Articulated members
- Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
- Y10T403/32631—Universal ball and socket
- Y10T403/32721—Elastomeric seat
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/32—Articulated members
- Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
- Y10T403/32631—Universal ball and socket
- Y10T403/32737—Universal ball and socket including liner, shim, or discrete seat
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/32—Articulated members
- Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
- Y10T403/32631—Universal ball and socket
- Y10T403/32786—Divided socket-type coupling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/32—Articulated members
- Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
- Y10T403/32631—Universal ball and socket
- Y10T403/32795—Bifurcated socket
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/32—Articulated members
- Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
- Y10T403/32631—Universal ball and socket
- Y10T403/32803—Separable socket sections
Definitions
- the present invention pertains to a bearing shell made of plastic for a ball and socket joint, especially for motor vehicles as well as to the ball and socket joint per se.
- a bearing shell of this class for ball and socket joints, especially for motor vehicles, is known from DE 29722507 U1.
- DE 29722507 U1 discloses a bearing shell, which has slots for elastic deflection during the mounting of a joint ball in the bearing shell, the slots extend essentially in the direction of the central axis of the bearing shell.
- the inner walls of the bearing shell have groove-like depressions, which are used as grease depots for lubricating the ball and socket joint.
- Spacer nubs are provided on the outer walls of the bearing shell, which preset the position of the bearing shell in the ball and socket joint housing.
- the spacer nubs generate a pretension, however slight, after insertion into the ball and socket joint housing due to the additional material, which presses the bearing shell against the joint ball due to being supported on the ball and socket joint housing.
- Pretensioning of the bearing shell in certain areas is definitely desirable, because this makes it possible for the joint ball not to be lifted off from parts of the bearing shell even under load, so that the entire contact surface is available for the transmission of torques in the joint.
- the pretension brought about by the spacer nubs on the outer sides of the bearing shell acts on the entire bearing shell or the mounted joint ball and consequently also in areas in which such a pretension counteracts the actual task of the ball and socket joint, or leads to increased wear in certain areas, and thus shortens the service life of the ball and socket joint. At the same time, the space needed for installation is increased.
- DE 19932789 A1 discloses a ball and socket joint in which the joint ball is enclosed in a manner adapted to the direction of the load to increase the transmission of forces without requiring a larger space for installation.
- the areas of the joint ball that are loaded more heavily due to the direction of the force surround the bearing shell more than the less heavily loaded areas.
- the bearing shell must be lengthened in this embodiment to mount the joint ball in the bearing shell, which is equivalent to a great mounting effort as well as a high load on the material, which may lead to rupture of the bearing shell.
- the bearing shells according to DE 19932789 A1 as well as DE 29722507 U1 are made homogeneously from a plastic by injection molding.
- This design leads in practice to the problem that if an inexpensive plastic is used, it is tribologically well suited in the unreinforced form but does not have sufficient strength, or it has good strength properties due to fiber reinforcement. Good strength properties are, however, equivalent to a loss of the tribological properties in case of inexpensive plastics. Pretensioning of the bearing shell to achieve better transmission of forces also cannot be achieved with these plastics because of the lack of flexibility.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a bearing shell and a ball and socket joint having a bearing shell that have an increased service life due to their design.
- This object is accomplished according to the present invention with a bearing shell having first areas, which are subject to higher mechanical loads than the other areas of the bearing shell, wherein the material of the bearing shell forming the first areas is made of a reinforced plastic, and the other areas are made of a less reinforced or unreinforced plastic.
- the ball bearing according to the present invention and consequently also the bearing shell according to the present invention can be loaded more strongly either radially or also axially. Under a radial or axial load, the area of the bearing shell in which the joint ball is in contact because of the load (loading area) is compressed by the joint ball in the direction of the load.
- the joint ball likewise moves in the loading direction by the amount by which the bearing shell yields.
- the joint ball can lift off from the area located opposite the loaded area of the bearing shell (opposite means here in a direction opposite the direction of load).
- the areas of the bearing shell that are loaded less heavily are therefore made according to the present invention from an unreinforced or less reinforced plastic. Due to the resulting increase in the flexibility of the plastic, the bearing shell is pretensioned during the mounting, as a result of which the joint ball cannot lift off from the bearing shell any longer, so that all contact surfaces of the bearing shell are in contact for transmitting forces even under a heavy load.
- Another advantageous embodiment is obtained by means of a bearing shell that is additionally provided with webs and slots. Due to the advantageous arrangement of webs and slots on the bearing shell, the tolerance compensation achieved by the pretension can be additionally supported by the pretension being able to be coordinated even more accurately with the type of the stress. In addition, webs and slots make possible simple mounting without great stress of the reinforced, and consequently less expandable areas, due to a defined elastic expansion of the bearing shell. The risk of rupture of the bearing shell due to excessive expansion of the unelastic areas is thus advantageously reduced.
- the bearing shell according to the present invention advantageously has reinforced, and unreinforced or less reinforced areas.
- the reinforced areas being manufactured, e.g., by means of a multicomponent system.
- the multicomponent system is composed of reinforced plastics, and less reinforced and/or unreinforced plastics.
- the reinforced area comprises a core component and a jacket component. Due to corresponding additives, e.g., fibers, mica, minerals, fillers or beads, the core component forms the reinforcement, whose degree of reinforcement can be set variably by varying the type and the amount of the reinforcing additives used.
- the jacket component is formed by a tribologically suitable plastic.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 are side views of a one-part bearing shell of a ball and socket joint loaded mainly radially with axial and radial tolerance compensation;
- FIG. 3 is a cross section through the bearing shell according to FIGS. 1 and 2 ;
- FIGS. 4 and 5 are side views of a one-part bearing shell of a ball and socket joint loaded mainly axially with axial and radial tolerance compensation;
- FIG. 6 is a side view of a one-part bearing shell of a ball and socket joint loaded mainly axially in the form of a sleeve joint with axial and radial tolerance compensation;
- FIG. 7 is the cross section of the bearing shell according to FIG. 6 ;
- FIG. 8 is the side view of a multipart bearing shell with axial and radial tolerance compensation
- FIG. 9 is the cross section of a multipart bearing shell of a ball and socket joint loaded mainly axially in the form of a support joint with axial and radial tolerance compensation;
- FIG. 10 is the cross section of a multipart bearing shell of a ball and socket joint loaded mainly under tension in the form of an axial joint;
- FIG. 11 is the cross section of a one-part bearing shell with defined support area
- FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of a projection necessary for varying the support areas on the inner side of the bearing shell according to detail A.
- FIGS. 1 through 3 show a bearing shell 1 of a ball and socket joint loaded mainly radially.
- the bearing shell has a one-part design and has a basic body 2 , with which a bearing shell part 3 comprising a joint ball is made integrally in one piece.
- the bearing shell 1 is provided with elastic webs 4 and slots 5 , which enable the bearing shell 1 to expand elastically during the mounting operation. Weakening of the plastic, which is otherwise common, and which may lead to rupture of the bearing shell due to the strain of the plastic during the mounting operation, is counteracted by the elastic expansion already during the mounting operation.
- the bearing shell according to FIG. 1 is intended mainly for radially loaded ball and socket joints.
- the elastic web 4 is designed such that, combined with a circular slot 5 , the bearing shell can expand elastically without the application of any great force during the mounting (see FIG. 3 ).
- the webs 4 later act as a tolerance compensation during the mounting due to their elastic behavior, and they compensate the tolerances of the housing and the ball.
- An increase in the axial tolerance compensation can be achieved by means of a rubber ring, which is installed during the mounting of the bearing shell in the ball and socket joint housing between the bearing shell and the ball and socket joint housing. Differences in height that may possibly occur can thus be compensated during the mounting, as a result of which more uniform joints can be manufactured.
- FIG. 2 shows another side view of the bearing shell 1 of the ball and socket joint loaded mainly radially.
- the bearing shell has a circular slot 5 along the bearing shell part 3 .
- another web 6 (indicated by broken line), which connects the bearing shell parts with one another, may be arranged on one side.
- Webs 7 may be optionally arranged in the basic body 2 of the bearing shell 1 in order to achieve a radial tolerance compensation by a corresponding pretension.
- FIG. 3 shows a cross section of the bearing shell 1 according to FIG. 1 .
- the bearing shell 1 may be reinforced on both sides, less reinforced or unreinforced on both sides as well as reinforced on one side and at the same time less reinforced or unreinforced on the other side.
- Both the basic body 2 and the bearing shell parts 3 have a two-component system, which comprises a tribologically suitable jacket component 80 having a jacket surface 8 , into which a core 9 reinforcing the plastic is inserted, on the right-hand side in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3 .
- the core 9 is reinforced with fibers 72 , mica 74 , minerals 76 , fillers or beads 78 .
- the core 9 counteracts the deformation and wear occurring at an area 70 that is subject to higher mechanical loads.
- a first plastic is first injected into the correspondingly shaped cavity, the cavity being filled only partly. This material forms the jacket surface of the two-component system.
- the cavity is filled completely in a second process step with a second plastic, which forms the reinforced core component.
- the basic body 2 of the bearing shell 1 may also be made unreinforced or slightly reinforced by a corresponding gating technique in order to thus achieve, for example, a higher pretension on the joint ball and to increase the axial pretension as a result.
- the bearing shell 1 is reinforced less or is unreinforced on the left-hand side to increase the pretension.
- ribs 10 may optionally be made in one piece with the basic body.
- the bearing shell has openings 4 a on its inner side and/or outer side, which facilitate especially the elastic expansion of the bearing shell during the mounting.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 show exemplary embodiments of a bearing shell 11 of a ball and socket joint loaded mainly axially.
- the bearing shell 11 may be reinforced on both sides, less reinforced or unreinforced on both sides and reinforced on one side and at the same time less reinforced or unreinforced on the other side in this embodiment as well corresponding to the type of load.
- the corresponding webs 14 are arranged in the areas in which the lowest loads must be absorbed; this area is at the level of the equatorial plane in the exemplary embodiment ( FIG. 4 ).
- the web 14 is used to facilitate the mounting as well as to generate a pretension of the bearing shell in this exemplary embodiment as well.
- an additional web 17 may be additionally provided at the basic body 12 ( FIG. 5 ).
- the outer contour of the basic body 12 may be either circular ( FIG. 5 , right) or oblique ( FIG. 5 , left) corresponding to the design specifications.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 show a one-part bearing shell 21 of a ball and socket joint loaded mainly axially in the form of a sleeve joint.
- Both elastic webs ( 24 , 27 ) and reinforcements of the plastic are arranged corresponding to the load.
- the right-hand part of the bearing shell is made with an elastic web for axial tolerance compensation in FIG. 6
- the left-hand part of the bearing shell is massive.
- Elastic webs 27 (indicated by broken lines in FIG. 6 ) may optionally also be arranged for radial pretensioning. Additional longitudinal slots may be prepared in the bearing shell 21 for simple mounting.
- FIG. 7 shows a section through the bearing shell according to FIG. 6 .
- the bearing shell has a two-component system 28 , 29 ( FIG. 7 , left) on one side, and it is less reinforced or unreinforced on the other side ( FIG. 7 , right).
- FIG. 8 shows a side view of a multipart bearing shell with axial and radial tolerance compensation.
- the axial tolerance compensation is achieved by integral material additions 34 in the form of projections, which are arranged such that they are compressed during the mounting of the bearing shell in the ball and socket joint housing and expand again in the areas in which the joint ball sinks corresponding to the load, and the clearance thus generated is again compensated.
- the integral material additions 34 are arranged, for example, on the lower shell ( FIG. 8 , left), on the one hand, and on the upper shell ( FIG. 8 , right), on the other hand.
- the radial tolerance compensation as well as the pretensioning of the bearing shell after the mounting are made possible by the corresponding arrangement of webs (cf. FIG. 2 ).
- FIG. 9 shows a cross section of a multipart bearing shell 31 of a ball and socket joint loaded mainly axially in the form of a support joint. Since compressive forces prevail in this embodiment, the plastic of the bearing shell sinks in the area of the contact surfaces of the joint ball on the basic body 32 . A great tolerance compensation, which is correspondingly necessary, is achieved by a greater pretension of the bearing shell 31 due to the use of bearing shell parts 33 with greater wall thicknesses. The increase in the wall thickness of the bearing shell parts 33 arranged opposite the direction of the force causes an increase in the pretension in the bearing shell 31 , which is equivalent to stronger compression of the plastic during mounting.
- the basic body 32 of the bearing shell 31 may have a reinforcing core 39 .
- FIG. 10 shows a cross section through a multipart bearing shell 41 of a ball and socket joint loaded mainly under tension in the form of an axial joint.
- the basic body 42 may have a greater wall thickness than the bearing shell parts in this case as well; this is not shown in FIG. 10 .
- FIG. 11 shows a cross section of a bearing shell 51 , which is reinforced with a core 59 , is provided with elastic webs 54 and which makes possible, in addition to the above-mentioned features, to adapt the engaging support surface to the value of the load and thus to obtain defined torques in the ball and socket joint by the arrangement of projections 55 (cf. FIG. 12 ) on the inner surfaces of the bearing shell.
- Both the basic body 52 and the bearing shell parts 53 have, for example, a reinforcing core 59 .
- the contact surface of the joint ball with the bearing shell is formed alone by the projections 55 having the height ⁇ s under low loads.
- the joint ball displaces the plastic forming the projections with increasing load, so that the entire inner surface 56 of the bearing shell 51 forms the contact surface of the joint ball and the entire surface of the ball socket is involved as a result in the transmission of the forces.
- the forces are transmitted uniformly to the plastic, and the effective contact pressures are kept low, so that the plastic is loaded less and its creep is reduced.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
- Support Of The Bearing (AREA)
Abstract
A bearing shell for a ball and socket joint made of plastic as well as the ball and socket joint per se, wherein the bearing shell has first areas, which are subject to higher mechanical loads than the other areas of the bearing shell, wherein the material of the bearing shell forming the first areas is formed from a reinforced plastic, and the other areas are made of a less reinforced or unreinforced plastic.
Description
- This application is a divisional under 37 CFR 1.53(b) of pending prior application Ser. No. 10/895,122 filed Jul. 20, 2004 and claims the benefit (35 U.S.C. § 120 and 365(c)) of International Application PCT/DE 2003/002387 of Jul. 16, 2003, which designated inter alia the United States and which claims the priority of German Application DE 102 33 489.7 of Jul. 24, 2002. The entire contents of each application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- The present invention pertains to a bearing shell made of plastic for a ball and socket joint, especially for motor vehicles as well as to the ball and socket joint per se.
- A bearing shell of this class for ball and socket joints, especially for motor vehicles, is known from DE 29722507 U1. DE 29722507 U1 discloses a bearing shell, which has slots for elastic deflection during the mounting of a joint ball in the bearing shell, the slots extend essentially in the direction of the central axis of the bearing shell. The inner walls of the bearing shell have groove-like depressions, which are used as grease depots for lubricating the ball and socket joint. Spacer nubs are provided on the outer walls of the bearing shell, which preset the position of the bearing shell in the ball and socket joint housing. The spacer nubs generate a pretension, however slight, after insertion into the ball and socket joint housing due to the additional material, which presses the bearing shell against the joint ball due to being supported on the ball and socket joint housing. Pretensioning of the bearing shell in certain areas is definitely desirable, because this makes it possible for the joint ball not to be lifted off from parts of the bearing shell even under load, so that the entire contact surface is available for the transmission of torques in the joint. However, the pretension brought about by the spacer nubs on the outer sides of the bearing shell acts on the entire bearing shell or the mounted joint ball and consequently also in areas in which such a pretension counteracts the actual task of the ball and socket joint, or leads to increased wear in certain areas, and thus shortens the service life of the ball and socket joint. At the same time, the space needed for installation is increased.
- DE 19932789 A1 discloses a ball and socket joint in which the joint ball is enclosed in a manner adapted to the direction of the load to increase the transmission of forces without requiring a larger space for installation. The areas of the joint ball that are loaded more heavily due to the direction of the force, surround the bearing shell more than the less heavily loaded areas. However, the bearing shell must be lengthened in this embodiment to mount the joint ball in the bearing shell, which is equivalent to a great mounting effort as well as a high load on the material, which may lead to rupture of the bearing shell.
- The bearing shells according to DE 19932789 A1 as well as DE 29722507 U1 are made homogeneously from a plastic by injection molding. This design leads in practice to the problem that if an inexpensive plastic is used, it is tribologically well suited in the unreinforced form but does not have sufficient strength, or it has good strength properties due to fiber reinforcement. Good strength properties are, however, equivalent to a loss of the tribological properties in case of inexpensive plastics. Pretensioning of the bearing shell to achieve better transmission of forces also cannot be achieved with these plastics because of the lack of flexibility.
- The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a bearing shell and a ball and socket joint having a bearing shell that have an increased service life due to their design.
- This object is accomplished according to the present invention with a bearing shell having first areas, which are subject to higher mechanical loads than the other areas of the bearing shell, wherein the material of the bearing shell forming the first areas is made of a reinforced plastic, and the other areas are made of a less reinforced or unreinforced plastic.
- Depending on the field of use of the ball bearing, the ball bearing according to the present invention and consequently also the bearing shell according to the present invention can be loaded more strongly either radially or also axially. Under a radial or axial load, the area of the bearing shell in which the joint ball is in contact because of the load (loading area) is compressed by the joint ball in the direction of the load.
- If the bearing shell yields, the joint ball likewise moves in the loading direction by the amount by which the bearing shell yields. As a result, the joint ball can lift off from the area located opposite the loaded area of the bearing shell (opposite means here in a direction opposite the direction of load). The areas of the bearing shell that are loaded less heavily are therefore made according to the present invention from an unreinforced or less reinforced plastic. Due to the resulting increase in the flexibility of the plastic, the bearing shell is pretensioned during the mounting, as a result of which the joint ball cannot lift off from the bearing shell any longer, so that all contact surfaces of the bearing shell are in contact for transmitting forces even under a heavy load. At the same time, the risk of free clearance of the joint ball in the bearing shell, which may lead to deflection and consequently to failure of the joint, is reduced at the same time due to the pretensioning of the bearing shell, which is thus achieved. Areas that are exposed to higher loads have according to the present invention a reinforced core, which counteracts the deformation and wear occurring under load and thus reduces the amount by which the joint ball sinks under heavy load due to the compression of the plastic. A bearing shell thus designed makes it advantageously possible to design the bearing shell with a large contact surface in one piece and at the same time to make it from a highly fiber-reinforced material.
- Another advantageous embodiment is obtained by means of a bearing shell that is additionally provided with webs and slots. Due to the advantageous arrangement of webs and slots on the bearing shell, the tolerance compensation achieved by the pretension can be additionally supported by the pretension being able to be coordinated even more accurately with the type of the stress. In addition, webs and slots make possible simple mounting without great stress of the reinforced, and consequently less expandable areas, due to a defined elastic expansion of the bearing shell. The risk of rupture of the bearing shell due to excessive expansion of the unelastic areas is thus advantageously reduced.
- The bearing shell according to the present invention advantageously has reinforced, and unreinforced or less reinforced areas. The reinforced areas being manufactured, e.g., by means of a multicomponent system. The multicomponent system is composed of reinforced plastics, and less reinforced and/or unreinforced plastics. The reinforced area comprises a core component and a jacket component. Due to corresponding additives, e.g., fibers, mica, minerals, fillers or beads, the core component forms the reinforcement, whose degree of reinforcement can be set variably by varying the type and the amount of the reinforcing additives used. The jacket component is formed by a tribologically suitable plastic. It surrounds the core component in the sections in which there may be increased risk for wear due to friction effects because of corresponding reinforcing additives, e.g., between the core component and the joint ball, and the susceptibility to wear of the ball and socket joint thus decreases. The material costs can be lowered due to the use of the above-described plastics and the bearing shell can thus be manufactured at a lower cost.
- The various features of novelty which characterize the invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this disclosure. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages and specific objects attained by its uses, reference is made to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which a preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated.
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FIGS. 1 and 2 are side views of a one-part bearing shell of a ball and socket joint loaded mainly radially with axial and radial tolerance compensation; -
FIG. 3 is a cross section through the bearing shell according toFIGS. 1 and 2 ; -
FIGS. 4 and 5 are side views of a one-part bearing shell of a ball and socket joint loaded mainly axially with axial and radial tolerance compensation; -
FIG. 6 is a side view of a one-part bearing shell of a ball and socket joint loaded mainly axially in the form of a sleeve joint with axial and radial tolerance compensation; -
FIG. 7 is the cross section of the bearing shell according toFIG. 6 ; -
FIG. 8 is the side view of a multipart bearing shell with axial and radial tolerance compensation; -
FIG. 9 is the cross section of a multipart bearing shell of a ball and socket joint loaded mainly axially in the form of a support joint with axial and radial tolerance compensation; -
FIG. 10 is the cross section of a multipart bearing shell of a ball and socket joint loaded mainly under tension in the form of an axial joint; -
FIG. 11 is the cross section of a one-part bearing shell with defined support area; and -
FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of a projection necessary for varying the support areas on the inner side of the bearing shell according to detail A. - Referring to the drawings,
FIGS. 1 through 3 show abearing shell 1 of a ball and socket joint loaded mainly radially. The bearing shell has a one-part design and has abasic body 2, with which abearing shell part 3 comprising a joint ball is made integrally in one piece. To simplify the mounting, thebearing shell 1 is provided withelastic webs 4 andslots 5, which enable thebearing shell 1 to expand elastically during the mounting operation. Weakening of the plastic, which is otherwise common, and which may lead to rupture of the bearing shell due to the strain of the plastic during the mounting operation, is counteracted by the elastic expansion already during the mounting operation. - The bearing shell according to
FIG. 1 is intended mainly for radially loaded ball and socket joints. Theelastic web 4 is designed such that, combined with acircular slot 5, the bearing shell can expand elastically without the application of any great force during the mounting (seeFIG. 3 ). Thewebs 4 later act as a tolerance compensation during the mounting due to their elastic behavior, and they compensate the tolerances of the housing and the ball. An increase in the axial tolerance compensation can be achieved by means of a rubber ring, which is installed during the mounting of the bearing shell in the ball and socket joint housing between the bearing shell and the ball and socket joint housing. Differences in height that may possibly occur can thus be compensated during the mounting, as a result of which more uniform joints can be manufactured. -
FIG. 2 shows another side view of the bearingshell 1 of the ball and socket joint loaded mainly radially. The bearing shell has acircular slot 5 along the bearingshell part 3. To increase the stability of the bearing shell before installation in a bearing shell housing, another web 6 (indicated by broken line), which connects the bearing shell parts with one another, may be arranged on one side.Webs 7, likewise indicated by broken line, may be optionally arranged in thebasic body 2 of the bearingshell 1 in order to achieve a radial tolerance compensation by a corresponding pretension. -
FIG. 3 shows a cross section of the bearingshell 1 according toFIG. 1 . Corresponding to the type of load, the bearingshell 1 may be reinforced on both sides, less reinforced or unreinforced on both sides as well as reinforced on one side and at the same time less reinforced or unreinforced on the other side. Both thebasic body 2 and the bearingshell parts 3 have a two-component system, which comprises a tribologically suitable jacket component 80 having a jacket surface 8, into which a core 9 reinforcing the plastic is inserted, on the right-hand side in the exemplary embodiment according toFIG. 3 . The core 9 is reinforced with fibers 72,mica 74,minerals 76, fillers orbeads 78. The core 9 counteracts the deformation and wear occurring at anarea 70 that is subject to higher mechanical loads. To manufacture this system, a first plastic is first injected into the correspondingly shaped cavity, the cavity being filled only partly. This material forms the jacket surface of the two-component system. The cavity is filled completely in a second process step with a second plastic, which forms the reinforced core component. Depending on the prevailing type of load, thebasic body 2 of the bearingshell 1 may also be made unreinforced or slightly reinforced by a corresponding gating technique in order to thus achieve, for example, a higher pretension on the joint ball and to increase the axial pretension as a result. The bearingshell 1 is reinforced less or is unreinforced on the left-hand side to increase the pretension. To increase the stability of the basic body,ribs 10 may optionally be made in one piece with the basic body. Furthermore, the bearing shell hasopenings 4 a on its inner side and/or outer side, which facilitate especially the elastic expansion of the bearing shell during the mounting. -
FIGS. 4 and 5 show exemplary embodiments of a bearingshell 11 of a ball and socket joint loaded mainly axially. The bearingshell 11 may be reinforced on both sides, less reinforced or unreinforced on both sides and reinforced on one side and at the same time less reinforced or unreinforced on the other side in this embodiment as well corresponding to the type of load. The correspondingwebs 14 are arranged in the areas in which the lowest loads must be absorbed; this area is at the level of the equatorial plane in the exemplary embodiment (FIG. 4 ). Theweb 14 is used to facilitate the mounting as well as to generate a pretension of the bearing shell in this exemplary embodiment as well. To increase the radial tolerance compensation, anadditional web 17 may be additionally provided at the basic body 12 (FIG. 5 ). The outer contour of thebasic body 12 may be either circular (FIG. 5 , right) or oblique (FIG. 5 , left) corresponding to the design specifications. -
FIGS. 6 and 7 show a one-part bearing shell 21 of a ball and socket joint loaded mainly axially in the form of a sleeve joint. Both elastic webs (24, 27) and reinforcements of the plastic are arranged corresponding to the load. For example, the right-hand part of the bearing shell is made with an elastic web for axial tolerance compensation inFIG. 6 , whereas the left-hand part of the bearing shell is massive. Elastic webs 27 (indicated by broken lines inFIG. 6 ) may optionally also be arranged for radial pretensioning. Additional longitudinal slots may be prepared in the bearingshell 21 for simple mounting.FIG. 7 shows a section through the bearing shell according toFIG. 6 . The bearing shell has a two-component system 28, 29 (FIG. 7 , left) on one side, and it is less reinforced or unreinforced on the other side (FIG. 7 , right). -
FIG. 8 shows a side view of a multipart bearing shell with axial and radial tolerance compensation. The axial tolerance compensation is achieved byintegral material additions 34 in the form of projections, which are arranged such that they are compressed during the mounting of the bearing shell in the ball and socket joint housing and expand again in the areas in which the joint ball sinks corresponding to the load, and the clearance thus generated is again compensated. Theintegral material additions 34 are arranged, for example, on the lower shell (FIG. 8 , left), on the one hand, and on the upper shell (FIG. 8 , right), on the other hand. The radial tolerance compensation as well as the pretensioning of the bearing shell after the mounting are made possible by the corresponding arrangement of webs (cf.FIG. 2 ). -
FIG. 9 shows a cross section of amultipart bearing shell 31 of a ball and socket joint loaded mainly axially in the form of a support joint. Since compressive forces prevail in this embodiment, the plastic of the bearing shell sinks in the area of the contact surfaces of the joint ball on thebasic body 32. A great tolerance compensation, which is correspondingly necessary, is achieved by a greater pretension of the bearingshell 31 due to the use of bearingshell parts 33 with greater wall thicknesses. The increase in the wall thickness of the bearingshell parts 33 arranged opposite the direction of the force causes an increase in the pretension in the bearingshell 31, which is equivalent to stronger compression of the plastic during mounting. If the plastic is compressed in the area of the contact surfaces of thebasic body 32 during the loading of the support joint, the clearance generated in the process between the joint ball and the bearingshell parts 33 is compensated by the relief of the elastic plastic of the bearingshell parts 33, which is pressed by the pretension. To counteract the sinking, thebasic body 32 of the bearingshell 31 may have a reinforcingcore 39. -
FIG. 10 shows a cross section through amultipart bearing shell 41 of a ball and socket joint loaded mainly under tension in the form of an axial joint. Corresponding to the load, mainly the area of the bearingshell parts 43 above the equatorial plane is provided with a reinforcingcore 49 here. Depending on the value of the load, thebasic body 42 may have a greater wall thickness than the bearing shell parts in this case as well; this is not shown inFIG. 10 . -
FIG. 11 shows a cross section of a bearingshell 51, which is reinforced with acore 59, is provided withelastic webs 54 and which makes possible, in addition to the above-mentioned features, to adapt the engaging support surface to the value of the load and thus to obtain defined torques in the ball and socket joint by the arrangement of projections 55 (cf.FIG. 12 ) on the inner surfaces of the bearing shell. Both thebasic body 52 and the bearingshell parts 53 have, for example, a reinforcingcore 59. The contact surface of the joint ball with the bearing shell is formed alone by theprojections 55 having the height Δs under low loads. The joint ball displaces the plastic forming the projections with increasing load, so that the entireinner surface 56 of the bearingshell 51 forms the contact surface of the joint ball and the entire surface of the ball socket is involved as a result in the transmission of the forces. The forces are transmitted uniformly to the plastic, and the effective contact pressures are kept low, so that the plastic is loaded less and its creep is reduced. - While a specific embodiment of the invention has been shown and described in detail to illustrate the application of the principles of the invention, it will be understood that the invention may be embodied otherwise without departing from such principles.
Claims (17)
1. A bearing shell for a ball and socket joint, the bearing shell comprising:
a first and a second area made of plastic, said first area being made of a reinforced plastic more reinforced than a plastic of said second area.
2. A bearing shell in accordance with claim 1 , wherein said bearing shell has a one-part design.
3. A bearing shell in accordance with claim 1 , wherein one part of the bearing shell is a basic body and has a reinforcing core in areas in which higher loads occur and is reinforced less or is unreinforced in other areas.
4. A bearing shell in accordance with claim 3 , wherein another part of the bearing shell is a bearing shell part and is shaped to surround a joint ball, said bearing shell part being fastened to said basic body.
5. A bearing shell in accordance with claim 3 , wherein said bearing shell part is made in one piece with said basic body.
6. A bearing shell in accordance with claim 5 , wherein said bearing shell part is connected with said basic body of the bearing shell via at least one web which is especially elastic.
7. A bearing shell in accordance with claim 5 , wherein said bearing shell part has a reinforcing core in areas in which high loads occur on the contact surfaces, and other areas of said bearing shell part are less reinforced or unreinforced.
8. A bearing shell in accordance with claim 5 , wherein said bearing shell part defines openings shaped to facilitate elastic expansion of the bearing shell during mounting.
9. A bearing shell for a ball and socket joint, the bearing shell comprising:
a first bearing shell section;
a second bearing shell section having a reinforcing core and a jacket component completely jacketing the entire outer surface of said core, said core being composed of a first plastic material uniformly reinforced with one of fibers, mica, minerals or beads, said jacket component being composed of a second plastic material either unreinforced or reinforced with one of fibers, mica, minerals or beads, said first material being more reinforced than said second material, said first bearing shell section being connected to said second bearing shell section to form an integral bearing shell structure for receiving a joint ball of the ball and socket joint.
10. A bearing shell in accordance with claim 9 , further comprising:
an elastic web;
a basic body element integrally connected to said bearing shell structure via said elastic web, said basic body having a basic body reinforcing core in areas in which higher loads occur, said basic body being reinforced less or unreinforced in other areas.
11. A bearing shell in accordance with claim 10 , wherein said basic body has a basic body jacket component completely jacketing the outer surface of said basic body reinforcing core, said basic body reinforcing core being composed of a first basic body plastic material uniformly reinforced with one of fibers, mica, minerals or beads, said basic body jacket component being composed of a second basic body plastic material either unreinforced or reinforced with one of fibers, mica, minerals or beads, said first basic body material being more reinforced than said second basic body material.
12. A bearing shell in accordance with claim 9 , wherein said integral bearing shell structure defines one of a slot and a web, said web including an elastic plastic, said web and said slot making possible one of axial and radial elastic expansion of said integral bearing shell structure during mounting as well as pretensioning and/or tolerance compensation of said integral bearing shell structure.
13. A bearing shell in accordance with claim 11 , wherein said first basic body plastic material is the same as said first plastic material of said second bearing shell section and said second basic body plastic material is the same as said second plastic material of said second bearing shell section.
14. A bearing shell for a ball and socket joint, the bearing shell comprising:
a first bearing shell section;
a second bearing shell section having a reinforcing core and a jacket component completely jacketing the entire outer surface of said core, said core being composed of a first plastic material uniformly reinforced with one of fibers, mica, minerals or beads, said jacket component being composed of a second plastic material either unreinforced or reinforced with one of fibers, mica, minerals or beads, said first material being more reinforced than said second material, said first bearing shell section being integrally connected to said second bearing shell section to form an integral bearing shell part, said bearing shell part defining an opening for receiving a joint ball of the ball and socket joint;
a connection element;
a basic body element integrally connected to said bearing shell part via said connection element.
15. A bearing shell in accordance with claim 14 , wherein said basic body has a first section and a second section, said first section having a basic body reinforcing core and a basic body jacket component completely covering the outer surface of said basic body reinforcing core, said basic body reinforcing core being composed of a first basic body plastic material uniformly reinforced with one of fibers, mica, minerals or beads, said basic body jacket component being composed of a second basic body plastic material either unreinforced or reinforced with one of fibers, mica, minerals or beads, said first basic body material being more reinforced than said second basic body material.
16. A bearing shell in accordance with claim 14 , wherein said bearing shell part defines a slot, said connection element being composed of an elastic plastic, said connection element and said slot making possible one of axial and radial elastic expansion of said integral bearing shell structure during mounting as well as pretensioning and/or tolerance compensation of said integral bearing shell structure.
17. A bearing shell in accordance with claim 15 , wherein said first basic body plastic material is the same as said first plastic material of said second bearing shell section and said second basic body plastic material is the same as said second plastic material of said second bearing shell section.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/937,656 US20080063466A1 (en) | 2002-07-24 | 2007-11-09 | High-performance ball socket |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEDE10233489.7 | 2002-07-24 | ||
DE10233489A DE10233489B4 (en) | 2002-07-24 | 2002-07-24 | High-spherical shell |
PCT/DE2003/002387 WO2004016960A1 (en) | 2002-07-24 | 2003-07-16 | Ball socket having differently reinforced areas |
US10/895,122 US7318686B2 (en) | 2002-07-24 | 2004-07-20 | High-performance ball socket |
US11/937,656 US20080063466A1 (en) | 2002-07-24 | 2007-11-09 | High-performance ball socket |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/895,122 Division US7318686B2 (en) | 2002-07-24 | 2004-07-20 | High-performance ball socket |
Publications (1)
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US20080063466A1 true US20080063466A1 (en) | 2008-03-13 |
Family
ID=30010315
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/895,122 Expired - Fee Related US7318686B2 (en) | 2002-07-24 | 2004-07-20 | High-performance ball socket |
US11/937,656 Abandoned US20080063466A1 (en) | 2002-07-24 | 2007-11-09 | High-performance ball socket |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/895,122 Expired - Fee Related US7318686B2 (en) | 2002-07-24 | 2004-07-20 | High-performance ball socket |
Country Status (7)
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US (2) | US7318686B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1523627A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2005533990A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20050028906A (en) |
CN (1) | CN100416116C (en) |
DE (1) | DE10233489B4 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004016960A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004022533B4 (en) | 2004-05-05 | 2006-08-03 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | bearing shell |
DE102004048753A1 (en) * | 2004-10-05 | 2006-04-06 | Wulf Gaertner Autoparts Ag | Ball-and-socket joint for axle control arms in vehicles comprises metal ball and plastic socket, in which reinforcing component and friction-reducing component are homogeneously dispersed |
DE102005044564A1 (en) * | 2005-09-17 | 2007-03-29 | Demag Cranes & Components Gmbh | Driving rail suspending device, has traction unit with end connected with driving rail by bearing that has bearing shell staying in interference with head, where traction unit and head are formed single piece and shell is formed multi-piece |
DE102006045809B4 (en) * | 2006-09-26 | 2015-06-18 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | ball joint |
DE102007041356A1 (en) * | 2007-08-30 | 2009-03-05 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Joint and / or bearing arrangement |
US9476447B2 (en) * | 2008-05-21 | 2016-10-25 | Federal-Mogul Powertrain, Inc. | Ball joint assembly and method of making |
JP5284018B2 (en) * | 2008-09-09 | 2013-09-11 | 日本発條株式会社 | Ball joint |
PL232039B1 (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2019-05-31 | Valeo Autosystemy Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia | A bearing preventing the overloading, in particular for the mechanism of windscreen wipers and the windscreen wiper mechanism that contains such bearing |
JP6768584B2 (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2020-10-14 | 日本発條株式会社 | Ball joint manufacturing method and stabilizer link manufacturing method |
CN107053258A (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2017-08-18 | 绵阳伦奇机器人有限公司 | A kind of articulated structure of drag chain |
US10954995B2 (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2021-03-23 | Federal-Mogul Motorparts Llc | Socket assembly and method of making |
US11859657B2 (en) | 2020-03-02 | 2024-01-02 | Federal-Mogul Motorparts Llc | Socket assembly with a retention device |
Citations (1)
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US5427467A (en) * | 1992-10-06 | 1995-06-27 | Nhk Spring Co., Ltd. | Ball joint apparatus and a manufacturing method therefor |
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DE973633C (en) * | 1954-09-10 | 1960-04-21 | Lemfoerder Metallwaren G M B H | Ball joint for tie rods and other steering rods, especially in motor vehicles |
GB929886A (en) * | 1960-04-06 | 1963-06-26 | Eng Productions Clevedon Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of low-friction bearing materials andbearing elements |
DE1469973A1 (en) * | 1961-02-21 | 1969-03-06 | Elastomer Ag | Process for the production of bearing bodies mixed with lubricants, in particular of bearing shells for ball joints |
US4076344A (en) * | 1976-05-07 | 1978-02-28 | Gulf & Western Manufacturing Company | Bearing assembly for a ball and socket joint |
IN154338B (en) * | 1979-07-05 | 1984-10-20 | Automotive Products Plc | |
US4797019A (en) * | 1986-07-16 | 1989-01-10 | Trw Inc. | Bearing for a joint |
JP2598449Y2 (en) * | 1993-08-06 | 1999-08-09 | 株式会社ソミック石川 | Ball joint |
DE19543688C2 (en) * | 1995-11-23 | 1998-04-09 | Trw Fahrwerksyst Gmbh & Co | Device for fixing a bearing shell of a joint in a receiving opening |
US6109816A (en) * | 1996-09-30 | 2000-08-29 | Bridgestone Corporation | Stabilizer link rod, and method of manufacturing same |
US5772337A (en) * | 1997-05-01 | 1998-06-30 | Dana Corporation | Polywedge bearing for use with ball and socket |
DE29708162U1 (en) * | 1997-05-09 | 1997-07-17 | Lemförder Metallwaren AG, 49448 Lemförde | Radial ball joint for motor vehicles |
DE19756756C1 (en) * | 1997-12-19 | 1999-07-29 | Lemfoerder Metallwaren Ag | Ball joint for motor vehicle suspension |
DE29722507U1 (en) * | 1997-12-20 | 1999-04-22 | Sachsenring Automobiltechnik AG, 08058 Zwickau | Ball socket for a ball joint and ball joint with such a ball socket |
DE19823781C5 (en) * | 1998-05-28 | 2006-10-05 | Trw Fahrwerksysteme Gmbh & Co Kg | bearing shell |
DE19932789B4 (en) * | 1999-07-14 | 2010-04-15 | Volkswagen Ag | ball joint |
-
2002
- 2002-07-24 DE DE10233489A patent/DE10233489B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-07-16 JP JP2004528380A patent/JP2005533990A/en active Pending
- 2003-07-16 CN CNB038027712A patent/CN100416116C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-07-16 WO PCT/DE2003/002387 patent/WO2004016960A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-07-16 KR KR1020047010667A patent/KR20050028906A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-07-16 EP EP03787675A patent/EP1523627A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-07-20 US US10/895,122 patent/US7318686B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-11-09 US US11/937,656 patent/US20080063466A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5427467A (en) * | 1992-10-06 | 1995-06-27 | Nhk Spring Co., Ltd. | Ball joint apparatus and a manufacturing method therefor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2004016960A1 (en) | 2004-02-26 |
KR20050028906A (en) | 2005-03-23 |
US7318686B2 (en) | 2008-01-15 |
JP2005533990A (en) | 2005-11-10 |
CN100416116C (en) | 2008-09-03 |
DE10233489A1 (en) | 2004-02-05 |
CN1623045A (en) | 2005-06-01 |
EP1523627A1 (en) | 2005-04-20 |
DE10233489B4 (en) | 2004-08-12 |
US20040258462A1 (en) | 2004-12-23 |
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