US20080035884A1 - Method of manufacturing a wood preservative composition - Google Patents
Method of manufacturing a wood preservative composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20080035884A1 US20080035884A1 US11/621,262 US62126207A US2008035884A1 US 20080035884 A1 US20080035884 A1 US 20080035884A1 US 62126207 A US62126207 A US 62126207A US 2008035884 A1 US2008035884 A1 US 2008035884A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- wood
- copper
- aluminum
- zirconium
- solution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000003171 wood protecting agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920000592 inorganic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003754 zirconium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 abstract description 49
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 32
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 32
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 6
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229940116318 copper carbonate Drugs 0.000 abstract description 5
- GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;carbonate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C([O-])=O GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 20
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 14
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 10
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical class [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 7
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 241000222355 Trametes versicolor Species 0.000 description 5
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003761 preservation solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241001492300 Gloeophyllum trabeum Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000005018 Pinus echinata Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241001236219 Pinus echinata Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000017339 Pinus palustris Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241001492489 Postia placenta Species 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 but not limited to Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QLOKJRIVRGCVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[(4-methylsulfanylphenyl)methyl]piperazine Chemical compound C1=CC(SC)=CC=C1CN1CCNCC1 QLOKJRIVRGCVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 2
- GOLCXWYRSKYTSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Arsenious Acid Chemical compound O1[As]2O[As]1O2 GOLCXWYRSKYTSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001495 arsenic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940093920 gynecological arsenic compound Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxozirconium;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.[Zr]=O CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- IZUPBVBPLAPZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentachlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl IZUPBVBPLAPZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007592 spray painting technique Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010875 treated wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFNOUKDBUJZYDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-cyclopropyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1CC(O)(C=1C=CC(Cl)=CC=1)C(C)C1CC1 UFNOUKDBUJZYDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001564395 Alnus rubra Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-OUBTZVSYSA-N Cobalt-60 Chemical compound [60Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005757 Cyproconazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- GXCLVBGFBYZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-N-methylprop-2-en-1-amine Chemical compound CN(CCC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)CC=C GXCLVBGFBYZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008566 Pinus taeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000218679 Pinus taeda Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 240000003021 Tsuga heterophylla Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008554 Tsuga heterophylla Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006750 UV protection Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEMGLEPMXOIVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic copper Chemical compound [Cu].[As] JEMGLEPMXOIVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005865 ionizing radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011005 laboratory method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002601 lanthanoid compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021654 trace metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/06—Aluminium; Calcium; Magnesium; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
- A01N59/20—Copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/14—Paints containing biocides, e.g. fungicides, insecticides or pesticides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
- B27K3/22—Compounds of zinc or copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
- B27K3/26—Compounds of iron, aluminium, or chromium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
- B27K3/32—Mixtures of different inorganic impregnating agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/52—Impregnating agents containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to wood preservative compositions containing metal compounds that are environmentally safe and methods of treating wood and other cellulose fibers using those compositions.
- Wood preservative compositions of aqueous solutions containing metal compounds have been used for many applications.
- the wood preservation solution is applied by various methods including, injection in pressure vessels, immersion in open vessels, and by brushing or spray painting onto the wood surface or other cellulose fiber.
- Compounds used as the active ingredient in wood preservation solutions include copper compounds, such as, but not limited to copper acetate; chrome compounds, such as, but not limited to potassium chromate; and arsenic compounds, such as but not limited to, arsenious acid. (for example see U.S. Pat. No. 5,207,583).
- CCA Copper, chromium, arsenic wood preservatives have produced good protection against wood decay, but are not environmentally safe.
- the copper and arsenic provide fungicidal activity and the chromium acts to fix the copper to the wood.
- Aluminum compounds, such as aluminum halohydrates provide improved water repellency of cellulose when used as a component of CCA formulations (U.S. Pat. No. 4,212,249).
- Zirconium complexes have also been shown to provide water repellency and enhance the antimicrobial action of copper. According to U.S. Pat. No. 4,737,491, the zirconium complex may be added as a separate salt or incorporated into a metal amine polymer and complex. The penetration of these complexes is limited by polymer molecular weight and configuration. Hydrophobic components in the formulation will decrease the effectiveness of the solution.
- Zirconium has also been described as an inert fixing agent for borates in wood preservation compositions (U.S. Pat. No. 5,612,094). This approach has proven ineffective. In some cases a fixing agent such as acetic acid is added to the wood preservative formulation. When these formulations are applied to wood a series of reactions take place between the components of the preservative solution (ie fixing agent, metal) and the wood fibers. These reactions fix the preservative to the wood resulting in improved resistance to leaching. Unfortunately this method also reduces penetration and diminishes the activity of the preservative.
- a fixing agent such as acetic acid
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,889,020 discloses treating wooden objects with a blend of pentachlorophenol and a petroleum hydrocarbon in claimed amounts.
- the compositions as disclosed in column 3, may also contain zirconium and copper, but not aluminum.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,212,249 discloses aluminum compounds, such as aluminum halohydrates that apparently provide improved water repellency of cellulose when used as a component of CCA formulations. Zirconium complexes have also been shown to provide water repellency and enhance the antimicrobial action of copper.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,303,726 discloses an aluminum based wood preservative that may have additional divalent metals such as zinc and at least one carboxylic acid radical.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,737,491 discloses that a zirconium complex may be added as a separate salt or incorporated into a metal amine polymer and complex. The penetration of these complexes is limited by polymer molecular weight and configuration. Hydrophobic components in the formulation will decrease the effectiveness of the solution.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,783,221 discloses an organic compound based wood preservative composition comprising at least one metal salt of an organic carboxylic acid containing at least about 6 carbon atoms, wherein the metal may be zinc, mercury, antimony and lead, and at least one isothiazolone compound.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,207,583 discloses wood preservative compositions of aqueous solutions containing metal compounds.
- the wood preservation solution is applied by various methods including, injection in pressure vessels, immersion in open vessels, and by brushing or spray painting on a wood surface.
- Compounds used as the active ingredient in wood preservation solutions include; copper compounds, such as copper acetate; chrome compounds, such as potassium chromate; and arsenic compounds, such as arsenious acid. (for example see CCA (Copper, chromium, arsenic) wood preservatives have produced good protection against wood decay, but are not environmentally safe.
- the copper and arsenic provide fungicidal activity and the chromium acts to fix the copper to the wood.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,612,094 discloses that zirconium has also been described as an inert fixing agent for borates in wood preservation compositions.
- a fixing agent such as acetic acid is added to the wood preservative formulation.
- these formulations are applied to wood, a series of reactions take place between the components of the preservative solution (i.e., fixing agent, metal) and the wood fibers. These reactions fix the preservative to the wood resulting in improved resistance to leaching.
- this method also reduces penetration and diminishes the activity of the preservative.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,733,666 discloses a composition to reduce the staining of coatings comprising a zirconyl compound in a liquid, and a lanthanide compound to provide UV protection. Additional metals such as chromium and copper and aluminum are disclosed.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,441,016 discloses a wood preservative of copper and an alkanolamine and cyproconazole and an emulsifier.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,503,936 discloses a wood preservative of metals such as aluminum and copper, but zirconium is not detailed.
- the claims discuss a fungicidal composition of the formula I carbamate and a copper-containing fungicidal active compound, where they are present in synergistically effective amounts.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,541,038 discloses a metal ion based wood preservative containing zirconium, copper and aluminum, but also as fire retardants.
- the formulations also contain lignin and/or lignin derivatives to fix the metal in the wood.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,579,354 discloses copper and aluminum based wood preservatives without zinc base and without environmentally challenged hexavalent chromium.
- the composition includes a water soluble acidic copper pesticide combined with aluminum nitrate wherein the weight ratio of aluminum nitrate to copper is from a:10 to 10:1.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,623,552 discloses aluminum based wood protectives, but without copper or zirconium to protect the wood from UV degradation and agents.
- An aqueous wood preservation composition contains inorganic polymers of one or more of the following metals: aluminum (approximately 3.8%-7.0% as Al 2 0 3 ), zirconium (approximately 5.25%-9.1% as ZrO 2 ), copper (approximately 0.7%-8.8% as CuO) and a fixing agent such as acetic acid or sodium acetate.
- the metals may be supplied in various forms and are not intended to be limited to the ones specified herein.
- the pH is adjusted to be between 2.0-4.0 using an inorganic base such as copper carbonate. It is believed the copper will be incorporated into the structure of the aluminum and zirconium polymers by bonding to oxygen attached to the other metals, although this proposed theory is not intended as a limitation on the invention.
- the pH dictates the molecular weight range of the polymer species.
- the composition of the present invention maintains a molecular weight of approximately 1000-2000 for the aluminum/copper polymers and approximately 6000-8000 for the zirconium/copper polymers.
- the smaller aluminum based polymers provide deep penetration carrying the copper into the wood and/or cellulose fibers to maximize efficacy.
- the larger zirconium polymers do not penetrate as deeply providing efficacy and water repellency to the outer layers of the treated wood/fibers.
- the acetate based fixing agent serves to improve the resistance to leaching by bonding the aluminum and zirconium polymer backbone to cellulose fibers in the wood. This novel blend of polymer species results in an improvement over current technology.
- the present invention provides an environmentally sound wood preservative composition with superior resistance to leaching without compromising penetration and effectiveness.
- the pH is adjusted to be between 2.0-4.0 using an inorganic base such as copper carbonate. It is believed the copper will be incorporated into the structure of the aluminum or zirconium polymers by bonding to oxygen attached to the other metals. Proof or disproof of this theory has no impact on the practical value of this invention.
- the pH dictates the molecular weight range of the polymer species.
- the composition of the present invention has a molecular weight of approximately 1000-2000 for the aluminum/copper polymers and approximately 6000-8000 for the zirconium/copper polymers.
- the smaller aluminum based polymers provide deep penetration carrying the copper into the wood to maximize efficacy.
- the larger zirconium polymers do not penetrate as deeply providing efficacy and water repellency to the outer layers of the treated wood.
- the acetate based fixing agent serves to improve the resistance to teaching by bonding the aluminum and zirconium polymer backbone to cellulose fibers in the wood. This novel blend of polymer species results in an improvement over current technology.
- a wood preservation composition is prepared by preparing an aqueous solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate to provide approximately 2.0%-6.0% acetic acid and approximately 0.25% to 1.75% sodium acetate in the final composition. The solution should be mixed until fully dissolved. The solution will be clear with a slight yellow tint.
- a zirconium salt such as zirconium oxychloride that will provide a molecular weight of approximately 6000-8000 is selected. The salt is added to the acetate mixture such that the zirconium concentration in the final composition will be approximately 5.25%-9.1% as zirconium oxide. The solution is mixed until the zirconium salt is fully dissolved. The solution should be a clear yellow liquid.
- HCl preferably, 20 baume HCl is added such that the HCl concentration in the final composition is approximately 16%-20%.
- the solution will reach about 60-70 degrees C. and must be cooled to about 25 degrees C. before the next step.
- An aluminum salt such as polyaluminum chloride that will provide a molecular weight of approximately 1000-2000 is selected.
- the aluminum salt is added slowly to maintain a solution temperature of no greater than about 45 degrees C., such that aluminum concentration in the final composition is approximately 3.8%-7.0% as aluminum oxide.
- the solution should be mixed until the temperature reduces to about 25 degrees C.
- Copper carbonate is now added such that the copper concentration in the final composition will be approximately 0.7-8.8% as copper oxide.
- the pH of the final solution is to be between about 2.0-4.0. Continue to mix slowly until carbon dioxide liberation ceases.
- the solution should be a clear dark green.
- the final wood preservation solution is now ready for wood application by any of the methods known in the prior art, e.g., direct
- the above composition was tested for efficacy and retention.
- the efficacy testing was performed in a 12 week treated/untreated, leached, unleached study verses G. trabeum, P. placenta, and T. versicolor, (standard fungi) Weight loss measurements were taken and found to show acceptable wood preservation relative to industry expectations. This same composition also showed excellent retention at all dilutions tested.
- the soil block test is a relatively rapid laboratory method for assessing the decay resistance of wood based materials under conditions that favor rapid fungal growth. Soil block tests of blocks treated with selected aluminum based compounds are now described.
- Decay chambers were prepared by half-filling 454 ml french squares with moisture forest loam and placing a western hemlock (for brown rot fungi) or red alder (for white rot fungi) feeder strip on the soil surface. The bottles were then loosely capped and autoclaved for 45 minutes at 121 degrees C. The bottles were allowed to cool overnight, then autoclaved again for 15 minutes at 121 degrees C. to kill any spore-forming bacteria.
- the agar plugs were placed on the edges of the wood feeder strips, then the jars were loosely capped (to allow air exchange), and incubated until the feeder strip was thoroughly covered with fungal mycelium.
- the sterile test blocks were then placed, cross section down, on the surfaces of the feeder strips, the bottles were loosely capped and incubated at 28 degrees C. for 12 or 16 weeks, for the brown and white rot fungi, respectively.
- the blocks were removed, scraped clean of adhering mycelium and weighed to determine wet weight.
- the blocks were then oven-dried (40 C) and weighed. The difference between initial and final oven-dry weight was used a measure of the effect of fungal exposure. At total of 234 blocks were tested using these procedures.
- Weight losses for the untreated controls ranged from 20 to 51% depending on the test fungus (Table 1). Low weight losses for the white rot fungus are not surprising since this fungus tends to be less aggressive on coniferous wood species, but even these weight losses were adequate for assessing treatment differences.
- Weight losses of blocks treated with WT 292 were consistently below 5% regardless of the test fungus of treatment level, suggesting that the combination of zirconium and aluminum was an effective biocide. Leaching of blocks produced slight increases in weight loss, but even the leached levels were below 7% weight loss. These results indicate that this formulation exhibits some resistance to leaching.
- Formulation WT-292 has some potential as a wood preservative. It was effective against 3 common decay fungi and was resistant to leaching under laboratory conditions. TABLE 1 Weight losses of treated and untreated southern pine blocks following 12 weeks of exposure to selected decay fungi in a soil block test: Wood Weight Wood Weight Wood Weight Loss (%) Loss (%) Loss (%) Chemical Treatment Level Leaching G. trabeum P. placenta T.
- Metal preservatives have a long history of use for protecting wood, but concerns have risen over the use of some metals, notably arsenic and chromium, in these systems. Organic preservatives have been proposed as alternatives, but few of these systems function well in direct soil contact. An alternative approach is to explore the use of other metal based systems. In previous tests, we have assessed the efficacy of zirconium based systems in soil block tests and found that some formulations appear to provide adequate protection. The results from analyses of blocks exposed in these tests are now described.
- the wood samples were dried, ground to pass a 20 mesh screen and extracted as described below.
- Wood samples were microwave digested and analyzed according to previously described procedures (Gaviak et al., 1994). Briefly, 500 mg of material was placed in a 120 ml Teflon digestion vessel. Then, 0.5 mls of trace metal grade concentrated nitric acid and 2 mls of 30% hydrogen peroxide were added. The samples were then predigested for 30 minutes, capped and micro-waved for 4 minutes at 296 watts, then 8 minutes at 565 watts power. The digested samples were transferred to a centrifuge tube and the volume was adjusted to 15 ml with deionized water prior to analyzing ICP.
- total copper losses for the blocks treated with 5:1, 10:1 and 20:1 dilutions of WT-292 were 39, 33 and 17%, respectively, of the non-leached levels.
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Abstract
Description
- This utility application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/587,750 filed on Jul. 14, 2004 entitled WOOD PRESERVATIVE COMPOSITION, whose entire disclosure is incorporated by reference herein.
- 1. Field of Invention
- This invention relates generally to wood preservative compositions containing metal compounds that are environmentally safe and methods of treating wood and other cellulose fibers using those compositions.
- 2. Description of Related Art
- The following prior art references are incorporated in their entirety herein. Wood preservative compositions of aqueous solutions containing metal compounds have been used for many applications. The wood preservation solution is applied by various methods including, injection in pressure vessels, immersion in open vessels, and by brushing or spray painting onto the wood surface or other cellulose fiber.
- Compounds used as the active ingredient in wood preservation solutions include copper compounds, such as, but not limited to copper acetate; chrome compounds, such as, but not limited to potassium chromate; and arsenic compounds, such as but not limited to, arsenious acid. (for example see U.S. Pat. No. 5,207,583). CCA (Copper, chromium, arsenic) wood preservatives have produced good protection against wood decay, but are not environmentally safe.
- The copper and arsenic provide fungicidal activity and the chromium acts to fix the copper to the wood. Aluminum compounds, such as aluminum halohydrates provide improved water repellency of cellulose when used as a component of CCA formulations (U.S. Pat. No. 4,212,249).
- Zirconium complexes have also been shown to provide water repellency and enhance the antimicrobial action of copper. According to U.S. Pat. No. 4,737,491, the zirconium complex may be added as a separate salt or incorporated into a metal amine polymer and complex. The penetration of these complexes is limited by polymer molecular weight and configuration. Hydrophobic components in the formulation will decrease the effectiveness of the solution.
- Zirconium has also been described as an inert fixing agent for borates in wood preservation compositions (U.S. Pat. No. 5,612,094). This approach has proven ineffective. In some cases a fixing agent such as acetic acid is added to the wood preservative formulation. When these formulations are applied to wood a series of reactions take place between the components of the preservative solution (ie fixing agent, metal) and the wood fibers. These reactions fix the preservative to the wood resulting in improved resistance to leaching. Unfortunately this method also reduces penetration and diminishes the activity of the preservative.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,725,544 (Raff et al.) discloses that aluminum based wood preservatives may have other metals.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,889,020 (Amundsen et al.) discloses treating wooden objects with a blend of pentachlorophenol and a petroleum hydrocarbon in claimed amounts. The compositions as disclosed in column 3, may also contain zirconium and copper, but not aluminum.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,212,249 discloses aluminum compounds, such as aluminum halohydrates that apparently provide improved water repellency of cellulose when used as a component of CCA formulations. Zirconium complexes have also been shown to provide water repellency and enhance the antimicrobial action of copper.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,218,249 (Hill) discloses copper and aluminum mixed with chromium hexavalent and even copper-arsenic mixtures.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,303,726 (Turner) discloses an aluminum based wood preservative that may have additional divalent metals such as zinc and at least one carboxylic acid radical.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,737,491 (Leppavuori) discloses that a zirconium complex may be added as a separate salt or incorporated into a metal amine polymer and complex. The penetration of these complexes is limited by polymer molecular weight and configuration. Hydrophobic components in the formulation will decrease the effectiveness of the solution.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,783,221 (Grove) discloses an organic compound based wood preservative composition comprising at least one metal salt of an organic carboxylic acid containing at least about 6 carbon atoms, wherein the metal may be zinc, mercury, antimony and lead, and at least one isothiazolone compound.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,207,583 discloses wood preservative compositions of aqueous solutions containing metal compounds. The wood preservation solution is applied by various methods including, injection in pressure vessels, immersion in open vessels, and by brushing or spray painting on a wood surface. Compounds used as the active ingredient in wood preservation solutions include; copper compounds, such as copper acetate; chrome compounds, such as potassium chromate; and arsenic compounds, such as arsenious acid. (for example see CCA (Copper, chromium, arsenic) wood preservatives have produced good protection against wood decay, but are not environmentally safe. The copper and arsenic provide fungicidal activity and the chromium acts to fix the copper to the wood.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,612,094 (Schubert et al.) discloses that zirconium has also been described as an inert fixing agent for borates in wood preservation compositions. In some cases a fixing agent such as acetic acid is added to the wood preservative formulation. When these formulations are applied to wood, a series of reactions take place between the components of the preservative solution (i.e., fixing agent, metal) and the wood fibers. These reactions fix the preservative to the wood resulting in improved resistance to leaching. Unfortunately, this method also reduces penetration and diminishes the activity of the preservative.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,733,666 (Sinko) discloses a composition to reduce the staining of coatings comprising a zirconyl compound in a liquid, and a lanthanide compound to provide UV protection. Additional metals such as chromium and copper and aluminum are disclosed.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,441,016 (Gottschalk et al.) discloses a wood preservative of copper and an alkanolamine and cyproconazole and an emulsifier.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,503,936 (Schelberger et al.) discloses a wood preservative of metals such as aluminum and copper, but zirconium is not detailed. The claims discuss a fungicidal composition of the formula I carbamate and a copper-containing fungicidal active compound, where they are present in synergistically effective amounts.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,541,038 (Tanaka et al.) discloses a metal ion based wood preservative containing zirconium, copper and aluminum, but also as fire retardants. The formulations also contain lignin and/or lignin derivatives to fix the metal in the wood.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,579,354 (West) discloses copper and aluminum based wood preservatives without zinc base and without environmentally challenged hexavalent chromium. The composition includes a water soluble acidic copper pesticide combined with aluminum nitrate wherein the weight ratio of aluminum nitrate to copper is from a:10 to 10:1.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,623,552 (West) discloses aluminum based wood protectives, but without copper or zirconium to protect the wood from UV degradation and agents.
- U.S. Published Application No. 2002/0007926 (Jewell et al.) discloses copper based biocidals for cellulose fibers, but does not disclose aluminum or zirconium.
- U.S. Published Application No. 2002/0071806 (Sabacky et al.) discloses methods of making metal salt mixtures but not directed to wood preservatives.
- U.S. Published Application No. 2003/0041983 (Jewell et al.) discloses copper based biocidal for cellulose fibers such as wood pulp, but does not disclose aluminum or zirconium.
- U.S. Published Application No. 2004/0055719 (Jewell et al.) discloses copper based biocidal for cellulose fibers such as wood pulp, but does not disclose aluminum or zirconium.
- U.S. Published Application No. 2004/0258768 (Hodge et al.) discloses copper based wood preservatives that may have other metal ions but zirconium and aluminum are not disclosed.
- An aqueous wood preservation composition contains inorganic polymers of one or more of the following metals: aluminum (approximately 3.8%-7.0% as Al203), zirconium (approximately 5.25%-9.1% as ZrO2), copper (approximately 0.7%-8.8% as CuO) and a fixing agent such as acetic acid or sodium acetate. The metals may be supplied in various forms and are not intended to be limited to the ones specified herein.
- The pH is adjusted to be between 2.0-4.0 using an inorganic base such as copper carbonate. It is believed the copper will be incorporated into the structure of the aluminum and zirconium polymers by bonding to oxygen attached to the other metals, although this proposed theory is not intended as a limitation on the invention. The pH dictates the molecular weight range of the polymer species.
- The composition of the present invention maintains a molecular weight of approximately 1000-2000 for the aluminum/copper polymers and approximately 6000-8000 for the zirconium/copper polymers. The smaller aluminum based polymers provide deep penetration carrying the copper into the wood and/or cellulose fibers to maximize efficacy. The larger zirconium polymers do not penetrate as deeply providing efficacy and water repellency to the outer layers of the treated wood/fibers. The acetate based fixing agent serves to improve the resistance to leaching by bonding the aluminum and zirconium polymer backbone to cellulose fibers in the wood. This novel blend of polymer species results in an improvement over current technology.
- The present invention provides an environmentally sound wood preservative composition with superior resistance to leaching without compromising penetration and effectiveness.
- An aqueous wood preservation composition containing inorganic polymers of one or more of the following metals: aluminum (approximately 3.8%-7.0% as Al203), zirconium (approximately 5.25%-9.1% as ZrO2), copper (approximately 0.7%-8.8% as CuO) and a fixing agent such as acetic acid or sodium acetate.
- The pH is adjusted to be between 2.0-4.0 using an inorganic base such as copper carbonate. It is believed the copper will be incorporated into the structure of the aluminum or zirconium polymers by bonding to oxygen attached to the other metals. Proof or disproof of this theory has no impact on the practical value of this invention. The pH dictates the molecular weight range of the polymer species.
- The composition of the present invention has a molecular weight of approximately 1000-2000 for the aluminum/copper polymers and approximately 6000-8000 for the zirconium/copper polymers. The smaller aluminum based polymers provide deep penetration carrying the copper into the wood to maximize efficacy. The larger zirconium polymers do not penetrate as deeply providing efficacy and water repellency to the outer layers of the treated wood. The acetate based fixing agent serves to improve the resistance to teaching by bonding the aluminum and zirconium polymer backbone to cellulose fibers in the wood. This novel blend of polymer species results in an improvement over current technology.
- Method Summary
- A wood preservation composition is prepared by preparing an aqueous solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate to provide approximately 2.0%-6.0% acetic acid and approximately 0.25% to 1.75% sodium acetate in the final composition. The solution should be mixed until fully dissolved. The solution will be clear with a slight yellow tint. A zirconium salt such as zirconium oxychloride that will provide a molecular weight of approximately 6000-8000 is selected. The salt is added to the acetate mixture such that the zirconium concentration in the final composition will be approximately 5.25%-9.1% as zirconium oxide. The solution is mixed until the zirconium salt is fully dissolved. The solution should be a clear yellow liquid. Next, HCl, preferably, 20 baume HCl is added such that the HCl concentration in the final composition is approximately 16%-20%. The solution will reach about 60-70 degrees C. and must be cooled to about 25 degrees C. before the next step. An aluminum salt such as polyaluminum chloride that will provide a molecular weight of approximately 1000-2000 is selected. The aluminum salt is added slowly to maintain a solution temperature of no greater than about 45 degrees C., such that aluminum concentration in the final composition is approximately 3.8%-7.0% as aluminum oxide. The solution should be mixed until the temperature reduces to about 25 degrees C. Copper carbonate is now added such that the copper concentration in the final composition will be approximately 0.7-8.8% as copper oxide. The pH of the final solution is to be between about 2.0-4.0. Continue to mix slowly until carbon dioxide liberation ceases. The solution should be a clear dark green. The final wood preservation solution is now ready for wood application by any of the methods known in the prior art, e.g., direct application, spraying, painting, injecting, etc.
- In a 2000 ml glass reaction vessel, add 700 grams water and 15 grams of sodium acetate. Mix for 40 minutes or until the solution is clear. Add 50 grams acetic acid. Mix for 30 minutes. Add 420 grams zirconium oxychloride crystals. Mix for 30 minutes or until the solution is clear. The solution will have a molecular weight between 6,000 and 8,000 when tested with a Wyatt Dawn light scattering detector. Add 375 grams of 32% HCl and mix for two hours or until the temperature reduces to 25 degrees C. Add 460 grams polyaluminum chloride at a rate to maintain a temperature at or below about 45 degrees C. Mix for two hours. The solution must be mixed until it cools to about 25 degrees C. Light scattering analysis of this solution indicates two distinct species. One at 6,000-8,000 and one at 1,000-2,000. Add 85 grams copper carbonate and mix well until all carbon dioxide evolution is complete.
- The above composition was tested for efficacy and retention. The efficacy testing was performed in a 12 week treated/untreated, leached, unleached study verses G. trabeum, P. placenta, and T. versicolor, (standard fungi) Weight loss measurements were taken and found to show acceptable wood preservation relative to industry expectations. This same composition also showed excellent retention at all dilutions tested.
- Experimental Results
- The soil block test is a relatively rapid laboratory method for assessing the decay resistance of wood based materials under conditions that favor rapid fungal growth. Soil block tests of blocks treated with selected aluminum based compounds are now described.
- Materials and Methods
- Clear, defect-free southern pine (Pinus taeda L.) lumber was cut into 19 mm cubes. The cubes were oven-dried (40 degrees C.) then placed into beakers and weighted down. The beakers were filled with the test solution, then placed into a treatment vessel where they were subjected to a 30 minute vacuum followed by a 2 hour pressure period. The blocks were treated with WT 292 (example 1). WT 292 contains 3.2% aluminum and 6% zirconium. The concentrates were diluted 5:1, 10:1 or 20:1 with distilled water priorto treatment. After treatment, the blocks were removed from the pans, blotted to remove excess solution and weighed to determine net solution absorption. The blocks were then stored for 48 hours under non-drying conditions to facilitate any chemical/wood reactions before being oven-dried at 40 degrees C. and weighed. Each treatment was replicated on 36 blocks.
- One half of the blocks in each treatment group were subjected to the leaching procedures described in A WPA Standard E-10, then soaked with water prior to being placed in plastic bags and sterilized by exposure to 2.5 mrad of ionizing radiation from a cobalt 60 source.
- Decay chambers were prepared by half-filling 454 ml french squares with moisture forest loam and placing a western hemlock (for brown rot fungi) or red alder (for white rot fungi) feeder strip on the soil surface. The bottles were then loosely capped and autoclaved for 45 minutes at 121 degrees C. The bottles were allowed to cool overnight, then autoclaved again for 15 minutes at 121 degrees C. to kill any spore-forming bacteria.
- After cooling, the bottles were inoculated with 2 to 3 mm diameter malt agar disks cut from the actively growing edges of cultures of the test fungus. The fungi evaluated in these procedures was Postia placenta (Fr.) Larsen et Lombard (Isolate Madison 698), Gloeophyllum trabeum (Pers.ex.Fr) Murr. (Isolate Madison 617), and Trametes versicolor L. ex Fr) Pilat (Isolate R-105). The first two species cause brown, while the latter causes white rot. The agar plugs were placed on the edges of the wood feeder strips, then the jars were loosely capped (to allow air exchange), and incubated until the feeder strip was thoroughly covered with fungal mycelium. The sterile test blocks were then placed, cross section down, on the surfaces of the feeder strips, the bottles were loosely capped and incubated at 28 degrees C. for 12 or 16 weeks, for the brown and white rot fungi, respectively.
- At the end of the incubation period, the blocks were removed, scraped clean of adhering mycelium and weighed to determine wet weight. The blocks were then oven-dried (40 C) and weighed. The difference between initial and final oven-dry weight was used a measure of the effect of fungal exposure. At total of 234 blocks were tested using these procedures.
- Results
- Weight losses for the untreated controls ranged from 20 to 51% depending on the test fungus (Table 1). Low weight losses for the white rot fungus are not surprising since this fungus tends to be less aggressive on coniferous wood species, but even these weight losses were adequate for assessing treatment differences.
- Weight losses of blocks treated with WT 292 were consistently below 5% regardless of the test fungus of treatment level, suggesting that the combination of zirconium and aluminum was an effective biocide. Leaching of blocks produced slight increases in weight loss, but even the leached levels were below 7% weight loss. These results indicate that this formulation exhibits some resistance to leaching.
- The results clearly suggest that Formulation WT-292 has some potential as a wood preservative. It was effective against 3 common decay fungi and was resistant to leaching under laboratory conditions.
TABLE 1 Weight losses of treated and untreated southern pine blocks following 12 weeks of exposure to selected decay fungi in a soil block test: Wood Weight Wood Weight Wood Weight Loss (%) Loss (%) Loss (%) Chemical Treatment Level Leaching G. trabeum P. placenta T. versicolor Control — — 28.38 (11.03) 43.57 (11.88) 20.55 (2.80) — yes 48.14 (12.68) 50.64 (10.09) 13.35 (24.21) WT-292 5:1 — 5.41 (0.22) 5:32 (0.69) 4.52 (1.34) yes 6.58 (0.32) 7.37 (0.32) 7.14 (0.67) 10:1 — 3.57 (0.28) 3.29 (0.21) 3.61 (0.43) yes 6.66 (0.22) 6.19 (0.26) 5.88 (0.38) 20:1 — 3.21 (0.44) 1.88 (0.22) 1.86 (0.82) yes 5.41 (1.02) 2.41 (0.35) 3.49 (0.84) - Literature Cited
- American Wood Preservers' Association (AWPA), 1999, Standard E10-91. Standard method of testing wood preservatives by laboratory soil-block cultures.
- Further Experimental Results
- Metal preservatives have a long history of use for protecting wood, but concerns have risen over the use of some metals, notably arsenic and chromium, in these systems. Organic preservatives have been proposed as alternatives, but few of these systems function well in direct soil contact. An alternative approach is to explore the use of other metal based systems. In previous tests, we have assessed the efficacy of zirconium based systems in soil block tests and found that some formulations appear to provide adequate protection. The results from analyses of blocks exposed in these tests are now described.
- Materials and Methods
- The wood samples were dried, ground to pass a 20 mesh screen and extracted as described below.
- Wood samples were microwave digested and analyzed according to previously described procedures (Gaviak et al., 1994). Briefly, 500 mg of material was placed in a 120 ml Teflon digestion vessel. Then, 0.5 mls of trace metal grade concentrated nitric acid and 2 mls of 30% hydrogen peroxide were added. The samples were then predigested for 30 minutes, capped and micro-waved for 4 minutes at 296 watts, then 8 minutes at 565 watts power. The digested samples were transferred to a centrifuge tube and the volume was adjusted to 15 ml with deionized water prior to analyzing ICP.
- Results
- Weight losses from the original soil block tests are presented in Table 1. They showed that WT-292 exhibited reasonable activity against all three of the test fungi.
- Metal analyses of blocks treated with WT-292 showed the metal loadings were nearly proportional to the dilutions and that metals were retained fairly well in all treatments exposed to a leaching procedure (Table 2). Both copper and aluminum were more mobile than zirconium, which appeared to be relatively leach resistant. The proportion of metal lost appeared to change with solution dilution. The proportional losses of both copper and aluminum declined with decreasing solution concentration. This decline probably reflects the availability of a limited number of binding sites. Once these sites are occupied, the remaining metal is susceptible to leaching losses and decreasing the initial solution concentration reduces this non-fixed reservoir. For example, total copper losses for the blocks treated with 5:1, 10:1 and 20:1 dilutions of WT-292 were 39, 33 and 17%, respectively, of the non-leached levels. Aluminum levels declined 25, 31 and 13%, respectively, at the same dilutions. Zirconium appeared to be very resistant to leaching losses and there was no change in loss with dilution level.
- While metal migration was noted in WT-292 treated blocks, this system exhibited good activity.
TABLE 2 Copper, aluminum or zirconium contents of southern pine blocks following treatment with selected metal preservatives, leaching and 12 weeks of exposure to selected decay fungi in a soil block test: Metal Metal Metal Metal Levels Levels Levels Levels Treatment (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) Chemical Level Leaching Cu Al Zr B WT-292 5:1 — 3978 (513) 5157 (736) 8353 (1064) — yes 2436 (140) 3863 (301) 8817 (549) — 10:1 — 2286 (113) 2872 (212) 5174 (350) — yes 1539 (175) 2002 (252) 5243 (212) — 20:1 — 1137 (80) 1293 (99) 2657 (184) — yes 954 (82) 1132 (119) 2627 (146) — - Without further elaboration the foregoing will so fully illustrate our invention that others may, by applying current or future knowledge, adapt the same for use under various conditions of service.
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US11/111,432 Ceased US7198663B2 (en) | 2004-07-14 | 2005-04-21 | Wood preservative composition |
US11/621,274 Abandoned US20070110908A1 (en) | 2004-07-14 | 2007-01-09 | Method of preserving wood |
US11/621,262 Abandoned US20080035884A1 (en) | 2004-07-14 | 2007-01-09 | Method of manufacturing a wood preservative composition |
US11/843,140 Expired - Fee Related USRE40589E1 (en) | 2004-07-14 | 2007-08-22 | Wood preservative composition |
Family Applications Before (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US11/111,432 Ceased US7198663B2 (en) | 2004-07-14 | 2005-04-21 | Wood preservative composition |
US11/621,274 Abandoned US20070110908A1 (en) | 2004-07-14 | 2007-01-09 | Method of preserving wood |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US11/843,140 Expired - Fee Related USRE40589E1 (en) | 2004-07-14 | 2007-08-22 | Wood preservative composition |
Country Status (9)
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US (4) | US7198663B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1773951A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2008506554A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2005272988A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0513371A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2573602C (en) |
MX (1) | MX2007000500A (en) |
RU (1) | RU2007105506A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006019442A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7198663B2 (en) * | 2004-07-14 | 2007-04-03 | Sommerville Acquisitions Co., Inc. | Wood preservative composition |
US20060269583A1 (en) * | 2005-05-31 | 2006-11-30 | Garst Carey F | Process and composition for treating wood |
JP6071250B2 (en) * | 2012-05-25 | 2017-02-01 | 東芝ライフスタイル株式会社 | Washing machine |
CN106543831B (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2019-11-29 | 东莞市涂芭新材料有限公司 | A kind of aqueous open woodcare paint and preparation method based on the open painting effect of solid wood |
SE543744C2 (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2021-07-06 | Organowood Ab | New wood protecting methods and wood products produced with the methods |
CN115570643A (en) * | 2022-09-07 | 2023-01-06 | 东莞市鸿运水族用品有限公司 | Formula of tree root modification treatment liquid and tree root treatment process |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20070110908A1 (en) * | 2004-07-14 | 2007-05-17 | Somerville Acquisitions Company, Inc. D/B/A Summit Research Labs | Method of preserving wood |
Family Cites Families (19)
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US478221A (en) * | 1892-07-05 | burgess | ||
US3725544A (en) * | 1969-12-09 | 1973-04-03 | Basf Ag | Fungicide for protecting wood |
US3889020A (en) * | 1972-04-17 | 1975-06-10 | Reichhold Chemicals Inc | Method for treating wood |
NZ194071A (en) * | 1979-06-25 | 1982-05-25 | Manchem Ltd | Preserving timber using a metal-organic compound also containing boron |
US4218249A (en) * | 1979-07-09 | 1980-08-19 | Koppers Company, Inc. | Water-repellent aqueous wood-treating solutions |
FI70682C (en) * | 1984-06-20 | 1987-08-05 | Kemira Oy | Wood preservative and its use as a surface treatment agent |
US4783221A (en) * | 1986-12-12 | 1988-11-08 | Mooney Chemicals, Inc. | Compositions and process for preserving wood |
DE4112652A1 (en) * | 1991-04-18 | 1992-10-22 | Wolman Gmbh Dr | WOOD PRESERVATIVES |
GB9424711D0 (en) * | 1994-12-07 | 1995-02-01 | Alcan Int Ltd | Composition for surface treatment |
US5733666A (en) * | 1995-08-23 | 1998-03-31 | Wayne Pigment Corp. | Aqueous sealer composition for wood surfaces and process |
US5612094A (en) * | 1995-10-18 | 1997-03-18 | U.S. Borax Inc. | Compositions and methods for preserving wood products |
WO1998055219A1 (en) * | 1997-06-05 | 1998-12-10 | Holcomb Robert R | Generating inorganic polymer electret in colloidal state |
CA2311583A1 (en) * | 1997-11-26 | 1999-06-03 | Showa Denko K.K. | Method for the treatment of wood with metallic treatment and wood treated by the method |
UA70345C2 (en) * | 1998-11-19 | 2004-10-15 | Басф Акцієнгезелльшафт | Fungicidal mixture |
US20020007926A1 (en) * | 2000-04-24 | 2002-01-24 | Jewell Richard A. | Method for producing cellulose fiber having improved biostability and the resulting products |
EP1328468A2 (en) * | 2000-09-05 | 2003-07-23 | Altair Nanomaterials Inc. | Method for producing mixed metal oxides and metal oxide compounds |
US20040166246A1 (en) * | 2002-03-29 | 2004-08-26 | Holcomb Robert R | Process and composition for treating wood |
US6579354B1 (en) * | 2003-01-13 | 2003-06-17 | Michael Howard West | Acidic copper—aluminum nitrate wood preservative |
CN1835830A (en) * | 2003-06-17 | 2006-09-20 | 法布罗技术有限公司 | Particulate wood preservative and method for producing same |
-
2005
- 2005-04-21 US US11/111,432 patent/US7198663B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-05-02 AU AU2005272988A patent/AU2005272988A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-05-02 RU RU2007105506/04A patent/RU2007105506A/en unknown
- 2005-05-02 WO PCT/US2005/014686 patent/WO2006019442A2/en active Application Filing
- 2005-05-02 BR BRPI0513371-8A patent/BRPI0513371A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-05-02 CA CA2573602A patent/CA2573602C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-05-02 MX MX2007000500A patent/MX2007000500A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-05-02 JP JP2007521457A patent/JP2008506554A/en active Pending
- 2005-05-02 EP EP05741733A patent/EP1773951A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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2007
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- 2007-01-09 US US11/621,262 patent/US20080035884A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-08-22 US US11/843,140 patent/USRE40589E1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20070110908A1 (en) * | 2004-07-14 | 2007-05-17 | Somerville Acquisitions Company, Inc. D/B/A Summit Research Labs | Method of preserving wood |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20070110908A1 (en) | 2007-05-17 |
EP1773951A2 (en) | 2007-04-18 |
BRPI0513371A (en) | 2008-05-06 |
MX2007000500A (en) | 2007-03-29 |
USRE40589E1 (en) | 2008-12-02 |
US20060011094A1 (en) | 2006-01-19 |
RU2007105506A (en) | 2008-08-20 |
WO2006019442A2 (en) | 2006-02-23 |
US7198663B2 (en) | 2007-04-03 |
CA2573602A1 (en) | 2006-02-23 |
JP2008506554A (en) | 2008-03-06 |
CA2573602C (en) | 2011-06-21 |
AU2005272988A1 (en) | 2006-02-23 |
WO2006019442A3 (en) | 2006-10-26 |
EP1773951A4 (en) | 2008-12-10 |
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Legal Events
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SOMERVILLE ACQUISITION COMPANY, INC. D/B/A SUMMIT Free format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE ASSIGNEE NAME TO SOMERVILLE ACQUISITIONS COMPANY, INC. D/B/A SUMMIT RESEARCH LABS PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 016993 FRAME 0514;ASSIGNORS:HARPER, THOMAS L.;REZNIKOV, BORIS;ROSENBERG, ALLAN H.;REEL/FRAME:019150/0518 Effective date: 20050420 Owner name: SOMERVILLE ACQUISITIONS COMPANY, INC., NEW JERSEY Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HARPER, THOMAS L.;REZNIKOV, BORIS;ROSENBERG, ALLAN H.;REEL/FRAME:018993/0514 Effective date: 20050420 |
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STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
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