US20080016637A1 - Antibacterial cosmetic brush - Google Patents
Antibacterial cosmetic brush Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20080016637A1 US20080016637A1 US11/879,441 US87944107A US2008016637A1 US 20080016637 A1 US20080016637 A1 US 20080016637A1 US 87944107 A US87944107 A US 87944107A US 2008016637 A1 US2008016637 A1 US 2008016637A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- bristles
- antibacterial
- cosmetic brush
- brush
- polyhexamethylene biguanide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
- A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
- A45D33/00—Containers or accessories specially adapted for handling powdery toiletry or cosmetic substances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A46—BRUSHWARE
- A46D—MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES
- A46D1/00—Bristles; Selection of materials for bristles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
- A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
- A45D34/00—Containers or accessories specially adapted for handling liquid toiletry or cosmetic substances, e.g. perfumes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
- A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
- A45D34/00—Containers or accessories specially adapted for handling liquid toiletry or cosmetic substances, e.g. perfumes
- A45D34/04—Appliances specially adapted for applying liquid, e.g. using roller or ball
- A45D34/042—Appliances specially adapted for applying liquid, e.g. using roller or ball using a brush or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A46—BRUSHWARE
- A46B—BRUSHES
- A46B2200/00—Brushes characterized by their functions, uses or applications
- A46B2200/10—For human or animal care
- A46B2200/1046—Brush used for applying cosmetics
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an antibacterial cosmetic brush, and more particularly to an antibacterial cosmetic brush, in which an antibacterial material is applied to animal hair so as to prevent bacteria, including E. coli or Pneumococcus, from propagating on the cosmetic brush.
- FIG. 1 is a photograph showing the configuration of a cosmetic brush.
- a cosmetic brush 100 is a tool for applying powder or liquid cosmetics to the skin and has a structure in which bristles 106 made of animal hair are attached to the end of a handle 102 made of a plastic or wood material.
- the bristles 106 are fixed to the end of the handle 102 through, for example, a metal tube 104 .
- the handle 102 is held with one hand, the bristles 106 are immersed in a cosmetic container such that they are covered with a cosmetic product contained in the container. Then, the cosmetic product on the bristles is applied to a cheek or an eye.
- the bristles 106 of the cosmetic brush 100 are brought into direct contact with the skin, they need to be made of a material, which is soft and, at the same time, can be readily covered with cosmetics.
- the bristles are made of animal hair such as goat or horse hair.
- the bristles 106 made of animal hair are soft, and thus have an advantage in that, when they are used to apply cosmetics to a cheek or an eye, the cosmetics spread readily on the cheek or the eye.
- the present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems occurring in the prior art, and it is an object of the present invention to provide an antibacterial cosmetic brush, which comprises bristles treated with polyhexamethylene biguanide so as to inhibit the growth and propagation of bacteria, such as E. coli, Pneumococcus and Salmonella, on the bristles.
- an antibacterial cosmetic brush which comprises bristles treated with polyhexamethylene biguanide so as to inhibit the growth and propagation of bacteria, such as E. coli, Pneumococcus and Salmonella, on the bristles.
- the present invention provides a brush for applying a powder or liquid cosmetic product to the skin, the brush comprising: a handle made of a plastic material; bristles attached to one end of the handle and made of animal hair; and a metal tube for fixing the bristles to the handle, wherein an antibacterial material is applied to the bristles.
- the bristles are preferably made of goat hair or horse hair.
- the antibacterial material is preferably a polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) polymer having the following formula:
- the bristles treated with the antibacterial material is preferably made by dipping bristles in an aqueous solution of polyhexamethylene biguanide for 5-15 minutes, followed by drying in a dryer at 30-50° C. for about 1-3 hours.
- the aqueous solution contains 0.5-2 wt % of polyhexamethylene biguanide dissolved therein.
- FIG. 1 is a photograph showing the configuration of a cosmetic brush
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a process for treating a cosmetic brush with an antibacterial material
- FIGS. 3 a and 3 b are photographs showing the comparison of antibacterial activity between a cosmetic brush not treated with an antibacterial material and a cosmetic brush treated with an antibacterial material.
- An antibacterial material is applied to the cosmetic brush according to the present invention.
- polyhexamethylene biguanide PHMB
- PHMB polyhexamethylene biguanide
- Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a material, which has been used as a disinfecting or cleaning agent in, for example, contact lens disinfecting solutions, wound healing agents or insecticides. It is present in the form of a polymer and is represented by the following formula:
- Polyhexamethylene biguanide is used in the form of an aqueous solution or a water-soluble salt and is present in the form of a polymer comprising about 3-80 biguanide units.
- n is generally 12, and the polyhexamethylene biguanide has preferably an average molecular weight of 1100-3300.
- An organic acid that forms a salt with polyhexamethylene biguanide may contain a phosphone, phosphor, sulfone or sulfate group, but preferably contains a carboxyl group.
- polyhexamethylene biguanide is present in the form of an aqueous solution or a salt and, at the same time, has an excellent bactericidal effect against E. coli, Pneumococcus, Salmonella and the like.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a process of treating a cosmetic brush with an antibacterial material. A method of applying polyhexamethylene biguanide to the cosmetic brush 100 will now be described with reference to FIG. 2 .
- an aqueous solution containing polyhexamethylene biguanide dissolved therein is prepared (S 102 ).
- the aqueous solution preferably contains 0.5-2 wt % of polyhexamethylene biguanide dissolved therein, but the content of polyhexamethylene biguanide in the aqueous solution can be increased to increase antibacterial activity.
- the bristles 106 made of animal hair are dipped for a given time (S 104 ).
- the dipping time of the bristles 106 is preferably 5-15 minutes.
- the bristles 106 are taken out of the aqueous solution (S 106 ).
- the bristles 106 are dried in a dryer at 30-50° C. for, preferably 1-3 hours (S 108 ).
- the antibacterial material permeates the surface or inside of animal hair. Also, the permeated antibacterial material is firmly attached to the animal hair during drying in the dryer, such that it can maintain bactericidal activity for a considerable period of time.
- the bristles 106 treated with polyhexamethylene biguanide are cut to a given length according to the intended use thereof (S 110 ).
- the bristles 106 are attached to the handle 102 through the metal tube 104 (S 112 ). During the attachment of the bristles 106 , a portion of the metal tube 104 , which is inserted with the bristles 106 , is slightly pressed such that the bristles 106 do not come out from the metal tube.
- the cosmetic brush is wrapped in vinyl for marketing.
- FIGS. 3 a and 3 b are photographs showing test results for the antibacterial activity of the antibacterial brush. Specifically, FIG. 3 a shows test results for the propagation of bacteria in a brush not treated with the antibacterial material, and FIG. 3 b shows test results for the propagation of bacteria in the brush treated with the antibacterial material.
- test results were obtained by measuring antibacterial activity in accordance with ASTM E 2149-01 in the FITI Testing and Research Institute, Korea, on Jun. 12, 2006.
- a bacterial strain used in the test was Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and the number of initial bacteria was 2.2 ⁇ 10 5 cells/ml.
- a buffer solution used in the test was Sorensen's phosphate buffer, and the bristles 106 were made of goat hair.
- the number of bacteria after 1 hour was decreased to 2.0 ⁇ 10 5 cells/ml, which is not substantially different from the initial bacterial number.
- the number of bacteria was decreased to 4.4 ⁇ 10 cells/ml, which corresponds to a decrease of 99.9% compared to the initial bacterial number.
- the cosmetic brush comprising the bristles treated with polyhexamethylene biguanide has a high antibacterial activity such that more than 99% of bacteria such as E. coli can be removed.
Landscapes
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Disclosed is an antibacterial cosmetic brush, in which an antibacterial material is applied to animal hair so as to prevent bacteria, including E. coli or Pneumococcus, from propagating on the cosmetic brush. According to the disclosed invention, it is possible to prevent bacteria from propagating on a cosmetic brush for applying a cosmetic product directly to the skin, thus promoting skin care, and prevent bacterial infections.
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to an antibacterial cosmetic brush, and more particularly to an antibacterial cosmetic brush, in which an antibacterial material is applied to animal hair so as to prevent bacteria, including E. coli or Pneumococcus, from propagating on the cosmetic brush.
- 2. Background of the Related Art
-
FIG. 1 is a photograph showing the configuration of a cosmetic brush. As shown inFIG. 1 , acosmetic brush 100 is a tool for applying powder or liquid cosmetics to the skin and has a structure in whichbristles 106 made of animal hair are attached to the end of ahandle 102 made of a plastic or wood material. - The
bristles 106 are fixed to the end of thehandle 102 through, for example, ametal tube 104. - In the use of such a
cosmetic brush 100, thehandle 102 is held with one hand, thebristles 106 are immersed in a cosmetic container such that they are covered with a cosmetic product contained in the container. Then, the cosmetic product on the bristles is applied to a cheek or an eye. - Because the
bristles 106 of thecosmetic brush 100 are brought into direct contact with the skin, they need to be made of a material, which is soft and, at the same time, can be readily covered with cosmetics. Generally, the bristles are made of animal hair such as goat or horse hair. - The
bristles 106 made of animal hair are soft, and thus have an advantage in that, when they are used to apply cosmetics to a cheek or an eye, the cosmetics spread readily on the cheek or the eye. - However, when the
bristles 106 are used for a long period of time, there is a possibility that E. coli or other bacteria may propagate on the bristles, because the nutrient components of cosmetics remain on the bristles. When bacteria propagate on thecosmetic brush 100, they can cause inflammation on the skin and also can infiltrate wound sites to cause secondary infections. For this reason, thecosmetic brush 100 needs to be kept clean. - Accordingly, the present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems occurring in the prior art, and it is an object of the present invention to provide an antibacterial cosmetic brush, which comprises bristles treated with polyhexamethylene biguanide so as to inhibit the growth and propagation of bacteria, such as E. coli, Pneumococcus and Salmonella, on the bristles.
- To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a brush for applying a powder or liquid cosmetic product to the skin, the brush comprising: a handle made of a plastic material; bristles attached to one end of the handle and made of animal hair; and a metal tube for fixing the bristles to the handle, wherein an antibacterial material is applied to the bristles.
- In the cosmetic brush of the present invention, the bristles are preferably made of goat hair or horse hair.
-
- The bristles treated with the antibacterial material is preferably made by dipping bristles in an aqueous solution of polyhexamethylene biguanide for 5-15 minutes, followed by drying in a dryer at 30-50° C. for about 1-3 hours.
- The aqueous solution contains 0.5-2 wt % of polyhexamethylene biguanide dissolved therein.
- The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
-
FIG. 1 is a photograph showing the configuration of a cosmetic brush; -
FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a process for treating a cosmetic brush with an antibacterial material; and -
FIGS. 3 a and 3 b are photographs showing the comparison of antibacterial activity between a cosmetic brush not treated with an antibacterial material and a cosmetic brush treated with an antibacterial material. - Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
- An antibacterial material is applied to the cosmetic brush according to the present invention. In an embodiment of the present invention, polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) is used as the antibacterial material.
-
- Polyhexamethylene biguanide is used in the form of an aqueous solution or a water-soluble salt and is present in the form of a polymer comprising about 3-80 biguanide units.
- In the above formula, “n” is generally 12, and the polyhexamethylene biguanide has preferably an average molecular weight of 1100-3300.
- An organic acid that forms a salt with polyhexamethylene biguanide may contain a phosphone, phosphor, sulfone or sulfate group, but preferably contains a carboxyl group.
- It is known that polyhexamethylene biguanide is present in the form of an aqueous solution or a salt and, at the same time, has an excellent bactericidal effect against E. coli, Pneumococcus, Salmonella and the like.
- In addition, the structure and preparation of polyhexamethylene biguanide are described in a number of prior publications, including U.S. Pat. No. 4,758,595, and thus the detailed description thereof will be omitted herein.
- Meanwhile,
FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a process of treating a cosmetic brush with an antibacterial material. A method of applying polyhexamethylene biguanide to thecosmetic brush 100 will now be described with reference toFIG. 2 . - For the antibacterial treatment of the
cosmetic brush 100, an aqueous solution containing polyhexamethylene biguanide dissolved therein is prepared (S102). - The aqueous solution preferably contains 0.5-2 wt % of polyhexamethylene biguanide dissolved therein, but the content of polyhexamethylene biguanide in the aqueous solution can be increased to increase antibacterial activity.
- In the aqueous solution thus prepared, the
bristles 106 made of animal hair are dipped for a given time (S104). The dipping time of thebristles 106 is preferably 5-15 minutes. - After the dipping step, the
bristles 106 are taken out of the aqueous solution (S106). - Then, the
bristles 106 are dried in a dryer at 30-50° C. for, preferably 1-3 hours (S108). - While the
bristles 106 are dipped in the aqueous polyhexamethylene biguanide solution, the antibacterial material permeates the surface or inside of animal hair. Also, the permeated antibacterial material is firmly attached to the animal hair during drying in the dryer, such that it can maintain bactericidal activity for a considerable period of time. - The
bristles 106 treated with polyhexamethylene biguanide are cut to a given length according to the intended use thereof (S110). - Then, the
bristles 106 are attached to thehandle 102 through the metal tube 104 (S112). During the attachment of thebristles 106, a portion of themetal tube 104, which is inserted with thebristles 106, is slightly pressed such that thebristles 106 do not come out from the metal tube. - After the attachment of the
bristles 106, the cosmetic brush is wrapped in vinyl for marketing. - Meanwhile,
FIGS. 3 a and 3 b are photographs showing test results for the antibacterial activity of the antibacterial brush. Specifically,FIG. 3 a shows test results for the propagation of bacteria in a brush not treated with the antibacterial material, andFIG. 3 b shows test results for the propagation of bacteria in the brush treated with the antibacterial material. - The test results were obtained by measuring antibacterial activity in accordance with ASTM E 2149-01 in the FITI Testing and Research Institute, Korea, on Jun. 12, 2006. A bacterial strain used in the test was Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and the number of initial bacteria was 2.2×105 cells/ml. Also, a buffer solution used in the test was Sorensen's phosphate buffer, and the
bristles 106 were made of goat hair. - In the test results, in the case of the brush not treated with the antibacterial material, the number of bacteria after 1 hour was decreased to 2.0×105 cells/ml, which is not substantially different from the initial bacterial number. However, in the case of the brush treated with the antibacterial material, the number of bacteria was decreased to 4.4×10 cells/ml, which corresponds to a decrease of 99.9% compared to the initial bacterial number.
- Thus, it can be seen that the cosmetic brush comprising the bristles treated with polyhexamethylene biguanide has a high antibacterial activity such that more than 99% of bacteria such as E. coli can be removed.
- As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to prevent bacteria from propagating on a cosmetic brush for applying a cosmetic product directly to the skin, thus promoting skin care, and prevent bacterial infections.
- Although the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, additions and substitutions are possible, without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as disclosed in the accompanying claims.
Claims (3)
1. A brush for applying a powder or liquid cosmetic product to the skin, the brush comprising:
a handle made of a plastic material;
bristles attached to one end of the handle and made of goat or horse hair, the bristles comprising an antibacterial material applied thereto; and
a metal tube for fixing the bristles to the handle;
wherein the antibacterial material is a polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) polymer having the following formula:
2. The antibacterial cosmetic brush of claim 1 , wherein the bristles comprising the antibacterial material applied thereto are made by dipping bristles in an aqueous solution of polyhexamethylene biguanide for 5-15 minutes, followed by drying in a dryer at 30-50° C. for 1-3 hours.
3. The antibacterial cosmetic brush of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous solution contains 0.5-2 wt % of polyhexamethylene biguanide dissolved therein.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR2020060019239U KR200427903Y1 (en) | 2006-07-18 | 2006-07-18 | Anti-bacteria cosmetic brush |
KR20-2006-0019239 | 2006-07-18 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20080016637A1 true US20080016637A1 (en) | 2008-01-24 |
Family
ID=38970018
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/879,441 Abandoned US20080016637A1 (en) | 2006-07-18 | 2007-07-17 | Antibacterial cosmetic brush |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20080016637A1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR200427903Y1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090311195A1 (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2009-12-17 | Clark Paul A | Compositions containing a solvated active agent suitable for dispensing as a compressed gas aerosol |
USD752149S1 (en) * | 2009-07-06 | 2016-03-22 | Andrea Bailey Fairweather | Make-up brush chart |
US10050306B2 (en) | 2013-10-04 | 2018-08-14 | Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha | Electrolyte and lithium-ion secondary battery |
USD830464S1 (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2018-10-09 | Andrea Bailey Fairweather | Make-up brush chart |
EP3729993A4 (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2021-09-08 | Mitsubishi Pencil Company, Limited | Brush tip for cosmetic applicator, method for manufacturing same and cosmetic applicator using same |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108697223A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2018-10-23 | 株式会社爱茉莉太平洋 | Sponge with antimicrbial power |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4853978A (en) * | 1987-07-24 | 1989-08-08 | Surgikos, Inc. | Antimicrobial medical glove |
US6604531B2 (en) * | 2001-02-06 | 2003-08-12 | Kenji Nakamura | Antimicrobial and deodorant cosmetic brush and method |
-
2006
- 2006-07-18 KR KR2020060019239U patent/KR200427903Y1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2007
- 2007-07-17 US US11/879,441 patent/US20080016637A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4853978A (en) * | 1987-07-24 | 1989-08-08 | Surgikos, Inc. | Antimicrobial medical glove |
US6604531B2 (en) * | 2001-02-06 | 2003-08-12 | Kenji Nakamura | Antimicrobial and deodorant cosmetic brush and method |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090311195A1 (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2009-12-17 | Clark Paul A | Compositions containing a solvated active agent suitable for dispensing as a compressed gas aerosol |
US8178078B2 (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2012-05-15 | S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Compositions containing a solvated active agent suitable for dispensing as a compressed gas aerosol |
US9044414B2 (en) | 2008-06-13 | 2015-06-02 | S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Compositions containing a solvated active agent for dispensing as a gas aerosol |
USD752149S1 (en) * | 2009-07-06 | 2016-03-22 | Andrea Bailey Fairweather | Make-up brush chart |
US10050306B2 (en) | 2013-10-04 | 2018-08-14 | Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha | Electrolyte and lithium-ion secondary battery |
USD830464S1 (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2018-10-09 | Andrea Bailey Fairweather | Make-up brush chart |
EP3729993A4 (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2021-09-08 | Mitsubishi Pencil Company, Limited | Brush tip for cosmetic applicator, method for manufacturing same and cosmetic applicator using same |
US11602214B2 (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2023-03-14 | Mitsubishi Pencil Company, Limited | Brush tip for cosmetic applicator, method for manufacturing same and cosmetic applicator using same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR200427903Y1 (en) | 2006-10-02 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20080016637A1 (en) | Antibacterial cosmetic brush | |
Sedlock et al. | Microbicidal activity of octenidine hydrochloride, a new alkanediylbis [pyridine] germicidal agent | |
ES2227565T3 (en) | PROCEDURES, COMPOSITIONS AND SYSTEMS OF DENTAL APPLICATION FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE SURFACE OF TEETH. | |
AU2012318331B2 (en) | Antimicrobial compositions and methods employing same | |
JP2002519307A (en) | Hydrophilic polymer blend used to prevent skin infections in cows | |
MXPA97005403A (en) | Methods, compositions and distribuciondental systems for the protection of dien surfaces | |
EP1228717B1 (en) | Antimicrobial and deodorant cosmetic brush and method of producing the same | |
EP2689783A3 (en) | Growth control of oral and superficial microorganisms using gallium compounds | |
JP2017519035A (en) | Antimicrobial-antibiofilm composition and use of the composition for personal care products | |
US20060193894A1 (en) | Methods for providing biomedical devices with hydrophilic antimicrobial coatings | |
DE69807818T2 (en) | MEANS TO IMMERSE TITS | |
JP6940076B2 (en) | Hair treatment method | |
JPH03504678A (en) | denture protection | |
JP5165362B2 (en) | Antibacterial agent | |
US5681553A (en) | Method and system for treating damaged hair | |
US5645823A (en) | Keratinous tissue conditioner | |
CA2104462A1 (en) | Oral and personal hygiene articles containing active agents bonded to the surface thereof | |
US4982750A (en) | Method of recurling tightly curled hair | |
EP4312957A1 (en) | Reshaping composition for keratin fibers | |
JPH1176376A (en) | Antimicrobial stock and its production | |
WO2019124440A1 (en) | Brush tip for cosmetic applicator, method for manufacturing same and cosmetic applicator using same | |
AU2002233873B2 (en) | Prophylactic teat treatment | |
JP2000026251A (en) | Second agent for permanent wave | |
US2836516A (en) | Method of treating nylon bristles and products produced thereby | |
JPH0137366B2 (en) |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SELIM ENTERPRISE CO., LTD., KOREA, REPUBLIC OF Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:LIM, BONG-TEAK;REEL/FRAME:019598/0670 Effective date: 20070702 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |