US20080006435A1 - Non-halogenated heavy metal free vehicular cable insulation and harness covering material - Google Patents
Non-halogenated heavy metal free vehicular cable insulation and harness covering material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20080006435A1 US20080006435A1 US11/483,788 US48378806A US2008006435A1 US 20080006435 A1 US20080006435 A1 US 20080006435A1 US 48378806 A US48378806 A US 48378806A US 2008006435 A1 US2008006435 A1 US 2008006435A1
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- pass pass
- tape
- vehicular
- polyphenylene ether
- heavy metal
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Links
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 33
- 229920001955 polyphenylene ether Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004821 Contact adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920013636 polyphenyl ether polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 22
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 3
- NXXYKOUNUYWIHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-Dimethylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1O NXXYKOUNUYWIHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004727 Noryl Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001207 Noryl Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 Polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004726 Luranyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008037 PVC plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004731 Ultranyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003522 acrylic cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006397 acrylic thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AEOCXXJPGCBFJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethionamide Chemical compound CCC1=CC(C(N)=S)=CC=N1 AEOCXXJPGCBFJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004447 silicone coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
- H01B7/292—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to heat
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
- C09J7/22—Plastics; Metallised plastics
- C09J7/25—Plastics; Metallised plastics based on macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/42—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes polyesters; polyethers; polyacetals
- H01B3/427—Polyethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2203/00—Applications of adhesives in processes or use of adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J2203/302—Applications of adhesives in processes or use of adhesives in the form of films or foils for bundling cables
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2471/00—Presence of polyether
- C09J2471/006—Presence of polyether in the substrate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/012—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables for manufacturing wire harnesses
- H01B13/01263—Tying, wrapping, binding, lacing, strapping or sheathing harnesses
- H01B13/01281—Harness wrapping apparatus
Definitions
- the present invention is concerned with a vehicular cable insulation and harness covering material that is non-halogenated and heavy metal free.
- the invention pertains to an automotive wire harness insulation and a harness covering material of a non-halogenated composition.
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- PET Polyethylene terephthalate
- PET based tapes are limited to uses where high performance is needed because of cost and price. Typically, this would be for performance needs such as high temperature, endurance sound deadening or toughness.
- a harness covering material that is cost effective and still achieves desirable characteristics such as lack of halogens and heavy metals, appropriate temperature resistance, scrape abrasion resistance, resistance to heat aging, resistance to automotive fluids and resistance to flame and in particular to be capable of meeting the standard SAE (Society of automotive Engineers) J2192 or LV312 and offers all these properties with a reduction in weight.
- SAE Society of automotive Engineers
- an insulated non-halogenated, heavy metal free vehicular cable comprising an inner core of a copper based metal wire having a thickness area of at least about 0.1 mm, and an outer insulation, covering the length of the inner core, comprised of a thermoplastic polyphenylene ether composition that has no halogen or heavy metal added thereto, the insulated cable capable of meeting the testing standard ISO 6722.
- a tape comprised of a layer, having a top and bottom thereto, of a thermoplastic polyphenylene ether composition that has no halogen or heavy metal added thereto; a contact adhesive adhering to one side of the thermoplastic polyphenylene ether composition and optionally a pealable layer or release liner adhered to the contact adhesive, which pealable layer is capable of being pealed off the tape, thereby permitting the thermoplastic polyphenylene ether composition to be applied to a desired surface.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the vehicular cable of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a cross-section of FIG. 1 taken along lines 2 - 2 ;
- FIG. 3 is a die used to manufacture an embodiment of the insulated vehicular cable of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-section of FIG. 3 taken along lines 4 - 4 .
- FIG. 5 is a tape of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is the tape of the present invention wrapped around a plurality of vehicular cables of FIG. 1 .
- non-halogenated is meant that the polymeric material that is utilized has no halogen material that is added to the composition, as a desirable component of the composition.
- heavy metal free is meant that no heavy metal such as mercury, hexavalent chrome, cadmium, lead and the like are added to the metal core, as a desirable component of the metal composition.
- copper based metal is meant that the metal wire is comprised of greater than 50% by weight of the metal being copper, or copper alloyed with other metal components as is well known in the industry yet maintaining suitable electrical conductivity.
- Well known copper based alloys may be used such as HPC-80EF, trademark Phelps Dodge.
- polyphenylene ether is meant a thermoplastic polymeric material which is commercially available and generally are polymers of monohydroxy aromatic materials. Other readily available materials are 2,6-xylenol or a 2,3,6-trimethylphenyl and polymers thereof.
- Polyphenylene ether (PPE) is also known as polyphenylene oxide (PPO) and is described in the literature. See U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,306,874, 3,306,875; 3,257,357; and 3,257,358, which are herein incorporated by reference.
- polyphenylene ether materials are a blend of other thermoplastic or cross-linked ethylenically unsaturated materials such as polyolefinic materials, styrene or styrene butadiene or polyacryamide and the like. These materials are commercially available such as Noryl, Luranyl, Ultranyl or Vestoblend, trademarks of GE. Some materials that may be utilized include Noryl WCV072, WCV072L-111, and the like of GE.
- the cross sectional area of the copper wire can range from about 0.1 to about 3 square millimeters, such as 26 AWG to 12 AWG, alternatively 0.13 to 1.5 square millimeters.
- the insulated cable of the present invention is prepared utilizing normal well known commercially available equipment where the desired polyphenylene ether polymer is fed to an extrusion machine where the molten viscous polymer is passed through a die, as shown in FIGS. 3-4 , so that the insulating PPE is wrapped around the linear portion of the metal conductor wire.
- the processing temperatures that may be utilized can vary as is well known in the industry. However, it has been found desirable to heat the resin material obtained from the supplier as follows.
- the thermoplastic polyphenylene ether material is dried at about 180° F. for at least 2 hours and is then passed through the first stage of an extrusion machine.
- the feed temperature is approximately 115° F.
- the compression temperature and the metering temperature in the barrels of the extruder can vary.
- a compression temperature may be from about 475° F. to 490° F.
- the metering temperature is approximately 500° F. to 540° F.
- the cross head or the die temperature is approximately 540° F. to 560° F.
- FIG. 1 is the insulated vehicular cable 10 of the present invention having an insulated member 12 of PPE extruded or wrapped around the copper base metal core 14 .
- An embodiment is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 wherein the inner copper core is comprised of several wires 14 A-G with a central wire 14 A.
- the central wire 14 A is surrounded by the other wires 14 B-G.
- There can be 7 , 19 or 37 strands in metal core 14 in some instances they are compressed and in the other they are bunched.
- the copper based core is fed through the middle of die 20 entering the back end 22 of the die and exiting from the die at 24 .
- the die has a central portion 26 through which the copper based wire 14 passes.
- the hot viscous PPE will be passed into the space 28 at the entrance end 22 of the die 20 and proceeds to envelop the copper wire.
- the die begins to narrow at 30 as PPE is extruded with the copper based wire passing from 30 through exit 24 of the die.
- the insulated vehicular cable 10 of the present invention is obtained.
- the cooling process as described above and the packaging of the cable follows thereafter.
- the diameter of the insulated vehicular cable 10 of the present invention can vary substantially.
- a cable diameter that has been found useful is between 0.85 and 0.92 mm in case of 0.13 mm 2 cable.
- Other dimensions of an insulated vehicular cable would be one that has approximately 0.13 square millimeters of wire as its cross sectional area but which is used to form the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 namely a central wire with six surrounding wires.
- the conductor diameter may be approximately 0.465 millimeters with a cable diameter 10 of approximately 0.88 millimeters with the minimum insulated wall thickness of 0.198 millimeters.
- extruding equipment such as an extruder identified as BMD60-24D or a Nokia Maillefer, and the like.
- the die utilized in the present invention may be manufactured from a wide variety of commercially available materials such as D2 hardened tool steel.
- Table 5 Listed below in Table 5 is a measurement of the PPE toughness for ISO 6722 needle abrasion cycles to failure compared to material thickness using a 7-N load and 0.45 millimeter needle.
- PVC tape construction has thicknesses for backings of 0.09-mm and above. This thickness for PVC is required to provide a minimum amount of toughness or abrasion protection while also providing sufficient tensile and tear strength that PVC tape may be applied. Given data from Table 5 and the current film thickness, one can conclude that significantly thinner backings are possible with PPE. PPE backings as thin as 0.03-mm or less could be achieved and still maintain equivalent abrasion protection and toughness to the current PVC backings. Given this potential for reducing backing thickness and specific gravity differences, a weight reduction of 75% seems reasonable with a PPE tape compared to a PVC tape.
- PPE In addition to being halogen free and tougher than PVC, PPE also offers ability to be used in higher temperature environments. Currently PVC may be rated for use at 105° C. which limits it to select exterior automotive applications. Many of the applications however, such as engine and chassis require temperature ratings of 125° C. and above. This is feasible with PPE which has been rated to 125° C. for continuous use and with excursions to 150° C. and above.
- PPE backings could be used with any desired pressure sensitive adhesive available today. This would include natural rubber, natural rubber/synthetic rubber blends, synthetic rubber, acrylic, or other adhesive systems.
- FIG. 5 it is a schematic representation of the tape 50 of the present invention with the PPE material 52 having top 53 and bottom 55 surfaces where an adhesive 54 would be attached to the bottom surface.
- the adhesive is generally a pressure sensitive adhesive which would facilitate the adhesion of the PPE tape to a desirable substrate.
- the tape would frequently be made available with a pealable backing 56 .
- Such adhesives can be natural rubber, synthetic rubber, cross-link acrylics or blends of these polymers.
- Formulated adhesives may be include Morscic, Acronyl or Duro-Tak that are particular types of acrylic adhesive to be used to coat the bottom portion of the PPE material.
- the pealable tape can be a variety of materials such as paper, cellulose or any plastic film materials that can be coated with a release layer such as a silicone coating well known in the art.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Insulating Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention is concerned with a vehicular cable insulation and harness covering material that is non-halogenated and heavy metal free. In particular, the invention pertains to an automotive wire harness insulation and a harness covering material of a non-halogenated composition.
- Environmental regulations dictate that the material selection in the vehicular industry needs to be halogen free and heavy metal free compositions especially for the vehicular materials. Typically, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is utilized because of its combination of competitive raw materials costs and desirable properties. These properties include processibility, toughness, chemical resistance and ability to withstand temperatures typical for many applications in automotive environments.
- Unfortunately, the chlorine content of PVC limits its disposal at the end of the life of the vehicle. Also there are concerns about effects on health and the environment by PVC by-products and PVC plasticizer. Accordingly, therefore, a replacement for PVC has long been sought with an intent to find competitive cost efficient replacements. In addition, performance must be taken into account including high temperature endurance, toughness, processability and also reduction in weight.
- Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) can also be considered a halogen free material for tape. However, PET based tapes are limited to uses where high performance is needed because of cost and price. Typically, this would be for performance needs such as high temperature, endurance sound deadening or toughness.
- It is therefore desirable to have a harness covering material that is cost effective and still achieves desirable characteristics such as lack of halogens and heavy metals, appropriate temperature resistance, scrape abrasion resistance, resistance to heat aging, resistance to automotive fluids and resistance to flame and in particular to be capable of meeting the standard SAE (Society of automotive Engineers) J2192 or LV312 and offers all these properties with a reduction in weight.
- Described is an insulated non-halogenated, heavy metal free vehicular cable comprising an inner core of a copper based metal wire having a thickness area of at least about 0.1 mm, and an outer insulation, covering the length of the inner core, comprised of a thermoplastic polyphenylene ether composition that has no halogen or heavy metal added thereto, the insulated cable capable of meeting the testing standard ISO 6722.
- Also described is a tape comprised of a layer, having a top and bottom thereto, of a thermoplastic polyphenylene ether composition that has no halogen or heavy metal added thereto; a contact adhesive adhering to one side of the thermoplastic polyphenylene ether composition and optionally a pealable layer or release liner adhered to the contact adhesive, which pealable layer is capable of being pealed off the tape, thereby permitting the thermoplastic polyphenylene ether composition to be applied to a desired surface.
- Further objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description and appended claims, reference being made to the accompanying drawings forming a part of the specification, wherein like reference characters designate corresponding parts in several views.
-
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the vehicular cable of the present invention; -
FIG. 2 is a cross-section ofFIG. 1 taken along lines 2-2; -
FIG. 3 is a die used to manufacture an embodiment of the insulated vehicular cable of the present invention; and -
FIG. 4 is a cross-section ofFIG. 3 taken along lines 4-4. -
FIG. 5 is a tape of the present invention; and -
FIG. 6 is the tape of the present invention wrapped around a plurality of vehicular cables ofFIG. 1 . - With increasing electronic content in automobiles there is an ever growing need for miniaturizing the size of the cables that provide resistance to physical abuse and provide resistance to flame and automotive fluids among other requirements to be met for the automotive industry such as ISO 6722. It has been found to be particularly desirable to utilize an insulated non-halogenated, heavy metal free vehicular cable containing a copper based metal wire that has a diameter of at least about 0.1 mm or more and an outer insulation covering the length of the inner core comprised of a thermoplastic polyphenylene ether composition which has no halogen or heavy metal added thereto.
- Definitions:
- By “non-halogenated” is meant that the polymeric material that is utilized has no halogen material that is added to the composition, as a desirable component of the composition.
- By “heavy metal free” is meant that no heavy metal such as mercury, hexavalent chrome, cadmium, lead and the like are added to the metal core, as a desirable component of the metal composition.
- By “copper based metal” is meant that the metal wire is comprised of greater than 50% by weight of the metal being copper, or copper alloyed with other metal components as is well known in the industry yet maintaining suitable electrical conductivity. Well known copper based alloys may be used such as HPC-80EF, trademark Phelps Dodge.
- By “polyphenylene ether” is meant a thermoplastic polymeric material which is commercially available and generally are polymers of monohydroxy aromatic materials. Other readily available materials are 2,6-xylenol or a 2,3,6-trimethylphenyl and polymers thereof. Polyphenylene ether (PPE) is also known as polyphenylene oxide (PPO) and is described in the literature. See U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,306,874, 3,306,875; 3,257,357; and 3,257,358, which are herein incorporated by reference.
- Frequently polyphenylene ether materials are a blend of other thermoplastic or cross-linked ethylenically unsaturated materials such as polyolefinic materials, styrene or styrene butadiene or polyacryamide and the like. These materials are commercially available such as Noryl, Luranyl, Ultranyl or Vestoblend, trademarks of GE. Some materials that may be utilized include Noryl WCV072, WCV072L-111, and the like of GE.
- It has been found that the ultra thin cable and cable wall that is utilized in the present case even at a small cross section of 0.1 mm2 give a very satisfactory result in abrasion cycling tests such as that called for in ISO-6722.
- The cross sectional area of the copper wire can range from about 0.1 to about 3 square millimeters, such as 26 AWG to 12 AWG, alternatively 0.13 to 1.5 square millimeters.
- The insulated cable of the present invention is prepared utilizing normal well known commercially available equipment where the desired polyphenylene ether polymer is fed to an extrusion machine where the molten viscous polymer is passed through a die, as shown in
FIGS. 3-4 , so that the insulating PPE is wrapped around the linear portion of the metal conductor wire. The processing temperatures that may be utilized can vary as is well known in the industry. However, it has been found desirable to heat the resin material obtained from the supplier as follows. The thermoplastic polyphenylene ether material is dried at about 180° F. for at least 2 hours and is then passed through the first stage of an extrusion machine. The feed temperature is approximately 115° F. The compression temperature and the metering temperature in the barrels of the extruder can vary. A compression temperature may be from about 475° F. to 490° F. The metering temperature is approximately 500° F. to 540° F. The cross head or the die temperature is approximately 540° F. to 560° F. After the wire is extruded with the insulated material thereon, it passes through a cooling water bath and mist which is maintained at room temperature and then is packed as a cable in a barrel for subsequent handling. - Turning now to a description of the drawings.
FIG. 1 is the insulatedvehicular cable 10 of the present invention having an insulatedmember 12 of PPE extruded or wrapped around the copperbase metal core 14. An embodiment is shown inFIGS. 1 and 2 wherein the inner copper core is comprised ofseveral wires 14 A-G with acentral wire 14 A. Thecentral wire 14A is surrounded by theother wires 14 B-G. There can be 7, 19 or 37 strands inmetal core 14, in some instances they are compressed and in the other they are bunched. - During the extrusion process of the insulated
vehicular cable 10, the copper based core is fed through the middle of die 20 entering theback end 22 of the die and exiting from the die at 24. The die has acentral portion 26 through which the copper basedwire 14 passes. The hot viscous PPE will be passed into thespace 28 at theentrance end 22 of thedie 20 and proceeds to envelop the copper wire. The die begins to narrow at 30 as PPE is extruded with the copper based wire passing from 30 throughexit 24 of the die. At theexit 24 of the die, the insulatedvehicular cable 10 of the present invention is obtained. The cooling process as described above and the packaging of the cable follows thereafter. - The diameter of the insulated
vehicular cable 10 of the present invention can vary substantially. A cable diameter that has been found useful is between 0.85 and 0.92 mm in case of 0.13 mm2 cable. Other dimensions of an insulated vehicular cable would be one that has approximately 0.13 square millimeters of wire as its cross sectional area but which is used to form the embodiment shown inFIG. 1 namely a central wire with six surrounding wires. In that case, the conductor diameter may be approximately 0.465 millimeters with acable diameter 10 of approximately 0.88 millimeters with the minimum insulated wall thickness of 0.198 millimeters. - As indicated above a wide variety of commercially available extruding equipment may be utilized such as an extruder identified as BMD60-24D or a Nokia Maillefer, and the like.
- The die utilized in the present invention may be manufactured from a wide variety of commercially available materials such as D2 hardened tool steel.
- Following the procedures outlined in ISO-6722, scrape abrasion resistance using 7(N) load and 0.45 millimeter needle was used on three sets of cables, the first being compressed halogen free cable ISO ultra thin wall cable referred as CHFUS, the second ISO thin wall cable referred as HFSS and the third ISO thick wall cable referred as HF. The test results are identified in tables 1 and 2 below.
- Following the procedures outlined in ISO-6722 a number of tests were so performed where the thickness of the copper wire varied as well as the diameter of insulated polyphyenelyene ether varied as is shown in tables 3-4.
-
TABLE 1 CHFUS 0.13* 0.22* 0.35* 0.50* 0.75* 1.00* 1.25* Normal Force(N) 4.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 Minimum cycles 100 100 100 150 150 180 180 required at the normal force Result 166 550 338 376 536 526 1315 7N Load 151 338 244 1150 836 960 2181 125 379 223 458 1078 1171 610 174 397 287 560 722 984 2673 Minimum cycles 125 338 223 376 536 526 610 attained by the cable at 7 Newton load Pass/Fail ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ *Wire Size (square mm) -
TABLE 2 HFSS HF 0.35* 0.50* 0.75* 1.00* 1.25* 2.00* 3.00* Normal Force(N) 5.0 5.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 Minimum cycles required 100 150 150 180 180 750 750 at the normal force Result 443 4067 7193 6043 10434 12586 *>5000 7N Load 2396 893 9636 3896 5158 10835 830 4271 4512 7771 3559 11203 1031 2586 6198 8776 16333 12308 Minimum cycles 443 893 4512 3896 3559 10835 *>5000 attained by the cable at 7 Newton load Pass/Fail ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ *Wire Size (square mm) - Following the procedures outlined in ISO-6722 a number of tests were so performed where the cross sectional area of the copper wire varied as well as the diameter of insulated polyphyenelyene ether varied as is shown in tables 3-4.
-
TABLE 3 Cable Type and Size CHFUS Size Test Item Unit Wire Thickness Area (square mm) 0.13 0.22 0.35 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 ISO6722 Certifi- Dimensions Thickness of (mm) 0.179 0.274 0.190 0.211 0.194 0.196 0.210 0.223 cation Ins. (min) Cable Outer (mm) 0.872 1.027 1.127 1.279 1.391 1.590 1.794 1.849 Dia. Electrical Resistance (mΩ/m) Sec 6.1 Must be smaller than requirement 157.100 78.600 49.600 34.600 24.300 17.200 14.100 12.000 (Measured result) See Table 4 (mΩ/m) Requirement 169.900 84.400 54.400 37.100 24.700 18.500 14.900 12.700 Ins. Resistance Sec. 6.2 Breakdown shall not occur Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass in water Spark test Sec. 6.3 No breakdown shall occur when the earthed Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass cable is drawn through the test electrode Mechanical Pressure test at Sec. 7.1 Breakdown shall not occur during the Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass high temp. withstand voltage test Low-temp Winding under Sec. 8.1 After winding, no conductor shall be visible. Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass low temp During the withstand voltage test, breakdown shall not occur. Abrasion Scrape (N) Sec. 9.3 Load requirement 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 (times) Scrape requirement 100 100 100 150 150 180 180 200 (times) Min. scrape result 1309 3052 951 1636 441 844 883 1058 Heat aging Short high Sec. 10.1 After winding, no conductor shall be visible. Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass temp During the withstand voltage test, breakdown shall not occur. Long high Sec. 10.2 After winding, no conductor shall be visible. Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass temp 85 deg C. During the withstand voltage test, breakdown shall not occur. Shrinkage by (mm) Sec. 10.4 The maximum shrinkage shall not exceed Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass high temp 2 mm at either end Resistance Gasoline Sec. 11.1 The maximum outside cable diameter change Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass to chemical (%) shall meet the requirement shown in Table 13. After 5.15 5.40 0.09 2.83 −6.39 0.06 0.00 0.32 Diesel winding, no conductor shall be visible. During the Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass pass Pass Pass (%) withstand voltage test, breakdown shall not occur. 4.56 4.72 8.63 −0.58 −0.40 6.20 3.55 1.88 Engine Oil Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass (%) 5.75 2.44 2.70 −8.91 −5.66 −4.84 0.83 0.70 Flame Flamability at (Sec) Sec. 12 Any combustion flame of insulating material 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 4.0 45 degree angle shall extinguish within 70 s, and a minimum of 50 mm of insulation at the top of the test sample shall remain unburned If Electrical Insulation Ohm mm Sec. 6.4 Greater than 109 Ohm mm Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass required volume 1.6E+15 1.0E+16 1.70E+16 2.50E+21 8.60E+17 3.50E+21 7.30E+17 9.10E+19 resistivity Mechanical Strip force (N) Sec. 7.2 Greater than specified by customer 28.8 Pass 31.6 Pass 41 Pass 69.7 Pass 52.5 Pass 75.7 Pass 70.1 Pass 63.8 Pass Requirement (Min) 2 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 Low-temp Impact Sec. 8.2 After impact, no conductor shall be visible. Not Not Not Not Not Not Not Not During the withstand voltage test, breakdown required required required required required required required required shall not occur. Heat aging Thermal Sec. 10.3 After winding, no conductor shall be visible. Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass overload During the withstand voltage, breakdown shall not occur Resistance Ethanol Sec. 11.1 The maximum outside cable diameter change Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass to chemical (%) shall meet the requirement shown in Table 13. After 4.01 4.42 2.70 −6.98 −6.06 −5.26 1.33 1.61 Power steering winding, no conductor shall be visible. During the Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass fluid (%) withstand voltage test, breakdown shall not occur. 4.00 6.39 3.68 5.76 −4.73 −3.48 1.33 3.71 Automatic Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass transmission (%) 4.07 5.52 4.31 6.05 −2.46 −3.96 2.11 1.51 fluid Engine coolant Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass (%) 3.09 0.29 0.99 1.65 −0.20 0.06 0.44 −0.32 Battery Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass (%) −0.11 1.46 1.08 2.12 −1.00 0.24 0.00 −0.32 Ozone Sec. 11.3 The visual examination of the insulation shall Pass not reveal any crac Hot water (Ω · mm) Sec. 11.4 The insulation volume resistivity shall not be Pass less than 109 Ohm mm. A visual examination of the insulation Temp. and Sec. 11.5 After winding, no conductor shall be visible. Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass humidity During the withstand voltage test, breakdown shall cycling not occur -
TABLE 4 Cable Type and Size PPO HFSS HF Size Size Test Item Unit Wire Thickness Area (square mm) 0.35 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 2.00 3.00 ISO6722 Certifi- Dimensions Thickness (mm) 0.258 0.231 0.252 0.322 0.320 0.348 0.653 cation of Ins. (min) Cable Outer (mm) 1.289 1.481 1.773 1.943 2.088 2.551 3.598 Dia. Electrical Resistance (mΩ/m) Sec 6.1 Must be smaller than requirement 46.200 33.100 23.200 16.800 13.900 8.840 5.76 (Measured result) See Table 4 (mΩ/m) Requirement 54.400 37.100 24.700 18.500 14.900 9.420 6.150 Ins. Resistance Sec. 6.2 Breakdown shall not occur Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass in water Spark test Sec. 6.3 No breakdown shall occur when the earthed cable Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass is drawn through the test electrode Mechanical Pressure test Sec. 7.1 Breakdown shall not occur during the withstand voltage test Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass at high temp. Low-temp Winding under Sec. 8.1 After winding, no conductor shall be visible. Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass low temp During the withstand voltage test, breakdown shall not occur. Abrasion Scrape (N) Sec. 9.3 Load requirement 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 (times) Scrape requirement 100 150 150 180 180 750 750 (times) Min. scrape result 1688 2141 >5000 >5000 >5000 10835 >5000 Heat aging Short high Sec. 10.1 After winding, no conductor shall be visible. Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass temp During the withstand voltage test, breakdown shall not occur. Long high Sec. 10.2 After winding, no conductor shall be visible. Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass temp 85 During the withstand voltage test, deg C. breakdown shall not occur. Shrinkage by (mm) Sec. 10.4 The maximum shrinkage shall not exceed Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass high temp 2 mm at either end Resistance Gasoline Sec. 11.1 The maximum outside cable diameter change shall Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass to chemical (%) meet the requirement shown in Table 13. After winding, −4.79 −4.54 −3.57 2.07 2.23 6.77 13.4 Diesel no conductor shall be visible. During the withstand voltage test, Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass (%) breakdown shall not occur. −3.50 −2.71 −1.65 3.16 −2.00 2.20 1.63 Engine Oil Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass (%) −6.36 −5.74 1.17 2.19 −3.91 0.94 0.14 Flame Flamability at (Sec) Sec. 12 Any combustion flame of insulating material shall 0.0 0.0 4.0 5.0 4.0 8.0 14 45 degree extinguish within 70 s, and a minimum of 50 mm of insulation angle at the top of the test sample shall remain unburned If Electrical Insulation Ohm mm Sec. 6.4 Greater than 109 Ohm mm Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass required volume 2.90E+21 7.70E+17 8.30E+16 2.80E+16 3.20E+16 9.70E+16 3.40E+21 resistivity Mechanical Strip force (N) Sec. 7.2 Greater than specified by customer 63 Pass 115.3 69.4 Pass 88.0 Pass 112 Pass 113.3 Pass 230 Requirement (Min) 5 5 5 5 5 10 15 Low-temp Impact Sec. 8.2 After impact, no conductor shall be visible. Not Not Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass During the withstand voltage test, breakdown shall not occur. required required Heat aging Thermal Sec. 10.3 After winding, no conductor shall be visible. Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass overload During the withstand voltage, breakdown shall not occur Resistance Ethanol Sec. 11.1 The maximum outside cable diameter change Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass to chemical (%) shall meet the requirement shown in Table 13. After winding, 5.93 −5.36 1.17 5.97 −3.82 1.45 1.3 Power steering no conductor shall be visible. During the withstand voltage test, Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass fluid (%) breakdown shall not occur. −5.36 −3.72 −3.52 6.99 −2.64 2.08 0.36 Automatic Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass transmission (%) −5.65 −4.61 −3.09 6.99 −2.55 1.92 0.58 fluid Engine coolant Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass (%) −7.22 0.13 −5.54 −1.17 0.00 0.74 0.64 Battery Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass (%) 0.78 −0.19 −0.32 5.00 0.38 −0.04 0 Ozone Sec. 11.3 The visual examination of the insulation shall not Pass reveal any cracks Hot water (Ω · mm) Sec. 11.4 The insulation volume resistivity shall not be less Pass than 109 Ohm mm. A visual examination of the insulation Temp. and Sec. 11.5 After winding, no conductor shall be visible. Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass humidity During the withstand voltage test, breakdown shall not occur cycling - Listed below in Table 5 is a measurement of the PPE toughness for ISO 6722 needle abrasion cycles to failure compared to material thickness using a 7-N load and 0.45 millimeter needle.
-
TABLE 5 0.4-mm cable Insulation insulation 0.25-mm cable 0.16-mm cable Material thickness insulation thickness insulation thickness PPE 10000 200 110 - Current PVC tape construction has thicknesses for backings of 0.09-mm and above. This thickness for PVC is required to provide a minimum amount of toughness or abrasion protection while also providing sufficient tensile and tear strength that PVC tape may be applied. Given data from Table 5 and the current film thickness, one can conclude that significantly thinner backings are possible with PPE. PPE backings as thin as 0.03-mm or less could be achieved and still maintain equivalent abrasion protection and toughness to the current PVC backings. Given this potential for reducing backing thickness and specific gravity differences, a weight reduction of 75% seems reasonable with a PPE tape compared to a PVC tape.
- With thinner backings, greater linear length of tape can be put up on each roll of tape. This is important for handling in and application of tapes on substrates or wire harnesses. The physical dimensions of a tape roll are limited to physical constraints with a manufacturing operation and by human ergonomic issues. Too large of roll diameters are ergonomically awkward and uncomfortable for continuous daily use. However with thinner tapes, longer roll lengths are possible while still maintaining an acceptable roll diameter. This then benefits the manufacturing by minimizing the number of times workers must retrieve new rolls. For an automotive wire harness manufacturing, a new roll may be required as often as once or twice per wire harness. Also benefit is achieved in shipping since more tape can be shipped for a given container volume.
- In addition to being halogen free and tougher than PVC, PPE also offers ability to be used in higher temperature environments. Currently PVC may be rated for use at 105° C. which limits it to select exterior automotive applications. Many of the applications however, such as engine and chassis require temperature ratings of 125° C. and above. This is feasible with PPE which has been rated to 125° C. for continuous use and with excursions to 150° C. and above.
- PPE backings could be used with any desired pressure sensitive adhesive available today. This would include natural rubber, natural rubber/synthetic rubber blends, synthetic rubber, acrylic, or other adhesive systems.
- Turning now to
FIG. 5 it is a schematic representation of thetape 50 of the present invention with thePPE material 52 havingtop 53 and bottom 55 surfaces where an adhesive 54 would be attached to the bottom surface. The adhesive is generally a pressure sensitive adhesive which would facilitate the adhesion of the PPE tape to a desirable substrate. The tape would frequently be made available with apealable backing 56. - There are a wide variety of pressure sensitive adhesives well known in the trade for applying such adhesives to thermal plastic materials. Such adhesives can be natural rubber, synthetic rubber, cross-link acrylics or blends of these polymers. Formulated adhesives may be include Morscic, Acronyl or Duro-Tak that are particular types of acrylic adhesive to be used to coat the bottom portion of the PPE material. The pealable tape can be a variety of materials such as paper, cellulose or any plastic film materials that can be coated with a release layer such as a silicone coating well known in the art.
Claims (13)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/483,788 US7534962B2 (en) | 2006-06-23 | 2006-07-10 | Non-halogenated heavy metal free vehicular cable insulation and harness covering material |
EP07075531A EP1879197A3 (en) | 2006-07-10 | 2007-06-27 | Non-halogenated heavy metal free vehicular cable insulation and harness covering material |
KR1020070068604A KR100896588B1 (en) | 2006-07-10 | 2007-07-09 | Non-halogenated heavy metal free vehicular cable insulation and harness covering material |
CN2007101286152A CN101105987B (en) | 2006-07-10 | 2007-07-09 | Non-halogenated heavy metal free vehicular cable insulation and harness covering material |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/473,648 US7408116B2 (en) | 2006-06-23 | 2006-06-23 | Insulated non-halogenated heavy metal free vehicular cable |
US11/483,788 US7534962B2 (en) | 2006-06-23 | 2006-07-10 | Non-halogenated heavy metal free vehicular cable insulation and harness covering material |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/473,648 Continuation-In-Part US7408116B2 (en) | 2006-06-23 | 2006-06-23 | Insulated non-halogenated heavy metal free vehicular cable |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20080006435A1 true US20080006435A1 (en) | 2008-01-10 |
US20090014201A9 US20090014201A9 (en) | 2009-01-15 |
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US11/483,788 Active US7534962B2 (en) | 2006-06-23 | 2006-07-10 | Non-halogenated heavy metal free vehicular cable insulation and harness covering material |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7534962B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1879197A3 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100896588B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101105987B (en) |
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US20110079427A1 (en) * | 2009-10-07 | 2011-04-07 | Lakshmikant Suryakant Powale | Insulated non-halogenated covered aluminum conductor and wire harness assembly |
US20150228390A1 (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2015-08-13 | Magnetic Components Sweden Ab | Optimal inductor |
RU193822U1 (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-11-18 | Открытое акционерное общество Всероссийский научно-исследовательский, проектно-конструкторский и технологический институт кабельной промышленности (ВНИИКП) | Electric cable for control and monitoring circuits |
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TWI462569B (en) * | 2011-04-22 | 2014-11-21 | Mstar Semiconductor Inc | 3d video camera and associated control method |
JP6734069B2 (en) * | 2016-02-16 | 2020-08-05 | 日立金属株式会社 | Cables and harnesses |
JP6670440B2 (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2020-03-25 | 日立金属株式会社 | Cable and wire harness |
US10315590B2 (en) | 2016-06-14 | 2019-06-11 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Cable and wire harness |
JP6870642B2 (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2021-05-12 | 住友電装株式会社 | Composite cable pair |
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US20110079427A1 (en) * | 2009-10-07 | 2011-04-07 | Lakshmikant Suryakant Powale | Insulated non-halogenated covered aluminum conductor and wire harness assembly |
US20150228390A1 (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2015-08-13 | Magnetic Components Sweden Ab | Optimal inductor |
US10734145B2 (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2020-08-04 | Comsys Ab | Optimal inductor |
RU193822U1 (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-11-18 | Открытое акционерное общество Всероссийский научно-исследовательский, проектно-конструкторский и технологический институт кабельной промышленности (ВНИИКП) | Electric cable for control and monitoring circuits |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR100896588B1 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
CN101105987B (en) | 2010-09-08 |
US7534962B2 (en) | 2009-05-19 |
US20090014201A9 (en) | 2009-01-15 |
KR20080005864A (en) | 2008-01-15 |
EP1879197A3 (en) | 2009-08-12 |
EP1879197A2 (en) | 2008-01-16 |
CN101105987A (en) | 2008-01-16 |
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