US20070280610A1 - Hybrid cables for communication networks - Google Patents
Hybrid cables for communication networks Download PDFInfo
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- US20070280610A1 US20070280610A1 US11/446,544 US44654406A US2007280610A1 US 20070280610 A1 US20070280610 A1 US 20070280610A1 US 44654406 A US44654406 A US 44654406A US 2007280610 A1 US2007280610 A1 US 2007280610A1
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- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 169
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 27
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/4415—Cables for special applications
- G02B6/4416—Heterogeneous cables
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B9/00—Power cables
- H01B9/005—Power cables including optical transmission elements
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Communication Cables (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present disclosure relates generally to communications systems and, more particularly, to hybrid cables for communication networks.
- Telecommunication companies often upgrade existing communication networks implemented using copper cables by replacing the previously installed copper cables with optical fiber to provide relatively higher bandwidth to customers. In addition, in newly developed areas (e.g., new residential areas or new business areas) telecommunication companies have expanded existing networks using optical fiber. Unlike traditional electrically conductive cables (e.g., copper cables), optical fiber provides relatively higher bandwidth that enables many more types of data/voice communication services and the ability to serve more customers using fewer communication media. For example, one optical fiber can carry data/voice information corresponding to the same number of customers that would ordinarily require a plurality of electrical conductors.
- A drawback to replacing electrical conductors with optical fiber or installing only optical fibers in new areas is lack of a medium to carry electrical power. That is, in network portions that use electrical conductors, the electrical conductors can carry electrical power to power telecommunications equipment (e.g., switches) located in remote areas. However, without the electrical conductors, power must be supplied from alternate sources such as, for example, power company power grids, batteries, etc. However, tapping into power company power grids to obtain electrical power is an added expense. Additionally, if the power grid fails, which often happens during inclement weather, customers may be left without voice and/or data communication services. Such outages are not acceptable according to Federal Communication Commission regulations that prohibit landline voice communications from failing for more than a specified amount of time per year, which is far less than the duration for which power grids fail per year.
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FIG. 1 depicts an example network system that may be implemented using the example hybrid cables described herein. -
FIG. 2 depicts another example network system that may be implemented using the example hybrid cables described herein. -
FIG. 3 depicts a side view of an example hybrid cable. -
FIG. 4 depicts a cross-sectional view of the example hybrid cable ofFIG. 3 . -
FIG. 5 depicts a cross-sectional view of another example hybrid cable. -
FIG. 6 depicts a cross-sectional view of yet another example hybrid cable. - The example hybrid cables for communication networks described herein may be used to carry optical communication signals, electrical communication signals, and/or electrical power to power remotely located telecommunications equipment. The telecommunications equipment may include switches, remote terminals, etc. used to implement a service provider's network and/or telecommunications equipment (e.g., telephones, network interface devices, modems, etc.) located at customer premises (e.g., customer houses, office buildings, etc.).
- An example hybrid cable includes a plurality of electrical conductors (e.g., a bundle of electrical conductors) disposed along a central axis of the hybrid cable. In an example implementation, the plurality of electrical conductors may include a first twisted pair cable in a twisted configuration with a second twisted pair cable. In some example implementations, the first twisted pair cable may be configured to carry a communication signal and the second twisted pair cable may be configured to carry electricity without a communication signal. In another example implementation, the plurality of electrical conductors may include coaxial cables. The example hybrid cable also includes a first jacket (e.g., a polyethylene jacket) surrounding the plurality of electrical conductors and a plurality of optical fibers adjacent to (e.g., about, next to, indirectly/directly on, etc.) an outer surface of the first jacket. Also, the example hybrid cable may include a water-blocking jacket surrounding the plurality of optical fibers to keep moisture out of the cable. In addition, the plurality of optical fibers may be circumferentially spaced, in a radial configuration, braided, and/or twisted around the first jacket.
- Cables are often implemented using strain relief members and/or compression relief members separate from electrical conductors or optical fibers to maintain structural integrity against external forces (e.g., wind, compacting dirt, under water currents, etc.) that act upon the cables. Unlike known cables that require a separate strain relief member and/or compression member often implemented using a strengthened nylon member, in the example hybrid cables described herein, the bundle of electrical conductors may function as the strain relief member and/or the compression relief member.
- Carrying power on electrical conductors can increase the heat of the electrical conductors. Varying temperature of an electrical conductor can change its electrical conductivity properties or characteristics and its communication properties or characteristics. To substantially reduce, minimize, or eliminate the heat transfer from electrical conductors used to carry electrical power to electrical conductors used to communicate information, power-carrying conductors (e.g., a first twisted pair cable) and signal-carrying conductors (e.g., a second twisted pair cable) are arranged relative to one another to substantially reduce heat transfer from the power-carrying conductor to the signal-carrying conductor.
- An example method for using an example hybrid cable described herein involves transmitting an electrical communication signal via first conductors (e.g., twisted-pair conductors or coaxial cable conductors) in a plurality of conductors disposed along a central axis of the hybrid cable. Electrical power without a communication signal is then transmitted via second conductors (e.g., second twisted-pair conductors or coaxial cable conductors) in the plurality of conductors. Also, an optical communication signal is transmitted via one of a plurality of optical fibers arranged adjacent to (e.g., about, next to, indirectly/directly on, etc.) the plurality of conductors (e.g., the plurality of optical fibers may be arranged in a radial configuration, circumferentially spaced, braided, and/or twisted around the plurality of conductors.
- An example method for installing, repairing, and/or performing maintenance on an example hybrid cable involves coupling first conductors to an electrical signal communicator and coupling second conductors to an electricity supply or power source. In an example implementation, first and second twisted pair conductors form part of a bundle of conductors located along an axial center of the example hybrid cable. One of a plurality of optical fibers can then be coupled to an optical signal communicator. The plurality of optical fibers are adjacent to (e.g., about, next to, indirectly/directly on, etc.) the bundle of conductors (e.g., the plurality of optical fibers are arranged in a radial configuration, circumferentially spaced, twisted, and/or braided around or about the bundle of conductors). In some example implementations, the method may involve removing a water-blocking jacket surrounding the plurality of optical fibers and/or removing a polyethylene jacket surrounding the first and second twisted pair conductors. In an example implementation, a tool may be configured to facilitate carrying out the example method for installing, repairing, and/or performing maintenance on the example hybrid cable.
- Another example hybrid cable includes a plurality of optical fibers (e.g., a bundle of optical fibers, an optical ribbon fiber bundle, etc.) disposed along a central axis of the cable and a jacket (e.g., a water-blocking jacket) surrounding the plurality of optical fibers. The example hybrid cable also includes a plurality of bundles of electrical conductors (i.e., a plurality of electrical conductor bundles) circumferentially spaced around an outer surface of the jacket. At least some of the electrical conductors bundles are configured to carry at least one of information or electrical power.
- In some example implementations, the example hybrid cable includes a dry-core tube surrounding the plurality of optical fibers. In addition, one or more of the electrical conductor bundles may form at least one of a strain relief member or a compression relief member. In some example implementations, one or more of the electrical conductor bundles may include twisted pair conductors and/or coaxial cable conductors. Also, the electrical conductors may be in a twisted configuration with one another (e.g., two or more twisted pair conductors and/or two or more coaxial cable conductors may be in a twisted configuration with one another).
- Another example method for using an example hybrid cable involves transmitting an optical communication signal via one of a plurality of optical fibers (e.g., a bundle of optical fibers, an optical ribbon fiber bundle) disposed along a central axial portion of the cable. The example method also involves transmitting an electrical communication signal via at least a first electrical conductor disposed in one of a plurality of electrical conductor bundles circumferentially spaced around the plurality of optical fibers. In addition, electrical power without a communication signal is transmitted via at least a second electrical conductor disposed in any of the electrical conductor bundles.
- Another example method for installing, repairing, and/or performing maintenance on an example hybrid cable involves coupling one of a plurality of optical fibers disposed along a central axial portion of the cable to an optical signal communicator. The example method also involves coupling a first electrical conductor to an electrical signal communicator and a second electrical conductor to an electricity supply. The first and second electrical conductors are disposed in one of a plurality of electrical conductor bundles circumferentially spaced around (e.g., in a radial configuration around) the plurality of optical fibers. In some example implementations, the method involves removing a water-blocking jacket and/or a dry-core tube surrounding the plurality of optical fibers. In an example implementation, a tool may be configured to facilitate carrying out the example method for installing, repairing, and/or performing maintenance on the example hybrid cable.
- Turning to
FIG. 1 , anexample network system 100 includes acentral office 102 that exchanges voice and data information with customer sites 104 (i.e., subscriber sites 104). Thecentral office 102 enables thecustomer sites 104 to transmit and/or receive voice and data information with each other and/or other entities. For example, thecentral office 102 may enable landline analog and/or digital telephone services, Internet services, data networking services, video services, television services, radio services, etc. Example hybrid twisted-pair fiber cables described herein may be used to communicatively couple components within thecentral office 102 with communications equipment at the customer sites 104 (i.e., customer premises equipment (“CPE”)). In this manner, information may be exchanged between thecentral office 102 and thecustomer sites 104 using electrical signals and/or optical signals. Electrical signal communications may include, for example, plain old telephone service (“POTS”) communications, analog digital subscriber line (“ADSL”) communications, etc. Optical signal communications may include, for example, wave division multiplexing (“WDM”) communications, dense WDM (“DWDM”) communications, synchronous optical network (“SONET”) communications, etc. In the illustrated example, the electrical conductors of the example hybrid twisted-pair fiber cables are implemented using copper. However, in other example implementations any other conductive material may be used instead. - In the illustrated example of
FIG. 1 , thecentral office 102 includes an Ethernet asynchronous transfer mode (“ATM”)switch 106, avoice gateway 108, and a digital loop carrier at a central office terminal (“DLC CT”) 110. TheEthernet ATM switch 106, thevoice gateway 108, and theDLC CT 110 are communicatively coupled to a fiber distribution frame (“FDF”) 112 viaoptical fibers 114. - The
central office 102 is also provided with a local digital switch (“LDS”) 116. TheLDS 116 is communicatively coupled with main distribution frame (“MDF”) 118 via acopper cable 120. In addition, to provide electrical power to remotely located communications equipment and/or to communications equipment (e.g., network access devices, telephones, modems, etc.) located at thecustomer sites 104, thecentral office 102 is provided with apower source 122. -
Optical fibers 124 communicatively coupled to theFDF 112 and twistedpair copper cables MDF 118 are spliced with example hybrid twisted-pair fiber cables fiber splice cases pair fiber cables pair fiber cables central office 102. In addition, an example hybrid twisted-pair fiber cable 142 is used to communicatively and/or electrically couple theSAI 140 to a secondary remote node 144 (e.g., an optical splitter/coupler and copper splicer).Copper cables 146 are then used to communicatively and/or electrically couple the secondaryremote node 144 to network interface devices (“NID's”) 148 at thecustomer sites 104. Additionally or alternatively, the secondaryremote node 144 may be communicatively coupled to the NID's 148 using example hybrid cables substantially similar or identical to the example hybrid twisted-pair fiber cables customer sites 104 while simultaneously providing electrical power from thepower source 122 at thecentral office 102 to the NID's 148. Providing electrical power from thepower source 122 enables the NID's 148 to continue providing communication services at thecustomer sites 104 when power grid failures occur at thecustomer sites 104. -
FIG. 2 depicts another example network system 200 that may be implemented using the example hybrid cables described herein. In the illustrated example, the example network system 200 is implemented using example hybrid fiber coaxial cables to carry optical communication signals and electrical communication signals between aheadend office 202 andcustomer sites 204. In the illustrated example ofFIG. 2 , theheadend office 202 includes anEthernet ATM switch 206, avoice gateway 208, and a cable modem termination system (“CMTS”) 210. TheEthernet ATM switch 206, thevoice gateway 208, and theCMTS 210 are communicatively coupled to aFDF 212 viaoptical fibers 214. To provide electrical power to remotely located communications equipment and/or to communications equipment (e.g., network access devices, telephones, modems, etc.) located at thecustomer sites 204, theheadend office 202 is provided with apower source 222. - An
optical fiber 224 communicatively coupled to theFDF 212 at theheadend office 202 and acoaxial cable 226 communicatively and/or electrically coupled to theCMTS 210 at theheadend office 202 are spliced with an example hybridcoaxial fiber cable 230 at a coaxial-fiber splice case 232. In addition, acopper cable 234 electrically coupled to thepower source 222 and the hybridcoaxial fiber cable 230 are spliced at a copper-fiber splice case 236. In the illustrated example, the hybridcoaxial fiber cable 230 is used to deliver electrical power, data/video/audio communication information, etc. The hybridcoaxial fiber cable 230 may also be used to communicatively couple a fiber coax node (“FCN”) 240 and/or any other communications equipment to theheadend office 202. In addition, an examplecoaxial hybrid cable 242 is used to communicatively and/or electrically couple theVCN 240 to afiber line amplifier 244 powered via the coaxial cable portion of the hybridcoaxial fiber cable 242.Coaxial cables 246 are then used to communicatively and/or electrically couple thefiber line amplifier 244 to NID's 248 at thecustomer sites 204. Additionally or alternatively, thefiber line amplifier 244 may be communicatively coupled to the NID's 248 using example hybrid cables substantially similar or identical to the example hybridcoaxial fiber cables -
FIG. 3 depicts a side view of anexample hybrid cable 300 andFIG. 4 depicts a cross-sectional view of theexample hybrid cable 300. Theexample hybrid cable 300 may be used to implement the example hybrid twisted-pair fiber cables FIG. 1 . As shown inFIGS. 3 and 4 , theexample hybrid cable 300 includes a plurality of electrical conductors 302 (e.g., a bundle of electrical conductors 302) disposed along acentral axis 304 of thehybrid cable 300. In the illustrated example, the plurality ofelectrical conductors 302 are implemented using individually insulated twisted pair cables (e.g., two or more twisted pair cables) in a twisted or braided configuration and may be used to communicate data (e.g., voice, data, video, audio information) and/or carry electrical power (e.g., carry electricity without a communication/data signal). The twisted-pair cables may be implemented using 19-26 AWG (i.e., American Wire Gauge) copper pairs. Theexample hybrid cable 300 also includes a polyethylene jacket 306 (or a jacket made of any other suitable material) surrounding the plurality ofelectrical conductors 302 and a plurality ofoptical fiber bundles 308 adjacent to (e.g., about, next to, indirectly/directly on, etc.) anouter surface 310 of thepolyethylene jacket 306. Theoptical fiber bundles 308 include a plurality ofoptical fibers 312 that may be used to communicate information (e.g., voice, data, video, audio, etc.). - Unlike known cables, the
hybrid cable 300 does not include a separate strain relief member and/or a separate compression relief member. Instead, the plurality ofelectrical conductors 302 functions as a strain relief member and/or a compression relief member. By providing the plurality ofelectrical conductors 302 in a twisted or braided configuration, the plurality ofelectrical conductors 302 are provided with relatively more strength and/or resilience than one of theelectrical conductors 302 would provide alone. In this manner, the plurality ofelectrical conductors 302 are suitably configured to provide strain relief and/or compression relief for thehybrid cable 300. - Temperature variations in materials such as electrically conductive materials can change the conductivity and, thus, communication properties of those materials. Electrical conductors carrying electrical power (i.e., power-carrying conductors) typically generate more heat than electrical conductors carrying relatively lower voltage communication signals (i.e., signal-carrying conductors). To maintain the properties or characteristics of signal-carrying conductors substantially stable or the same throughout operation, the plurality of
electrical conductors 302 are arranged to substantially reduce, minimize, or eliminate heat transfer from electrical power-carrying conductors to electrical signal-carrying conductors. As is known from laws of thermal transfer, heat from one body is typically transferred to relatively cooler neighboring bodies. In a cable, heat typically radiates or transfers away from a central axis of the cable toward the outside of the cable because the external surface of the cable is relatively cooler than the internal portions of the cable. - In the illustrated example of
FIG. 3 , the plurality ofelectrical conductors 302 is provided with electrical conductors 314 to carry communication signals (i.e., signal-carrying conductors 314) andelectrical conductors 316 to carry electrical power (i.e., power-carrying conductors 316). To reduce the amount of heat transferred from the power-carryingconductors 316 to the signal-carrying conductors 314, the signal-carrying conductors 314 may be arranged substantially closer to thecentral axis 304 than the power-carryingconductors 316. In this manner, heat generated by the power-carryingconductors 316 substantially radiates away from the signal-carrying conductors 314 and toward anouter surface 318 of theexample hybrid cable 300. The signal-carrying conductors 314 may be twisted together or braided together separate from the power-carryingconductors 316. The power-carryingconductors 316 may be twisted, braided, or otherwise arranged around a bundle or a plurality of the signal-carrying conductors 314. In an alternative example implementation, the signal-carrying conductors 314 and the power-carryingconductors 316 may be braided or twisted together and the signal-carrying conductors 314 may be arranged substantially closer to thecentral axis 304 than the power-carryingconductors 316. - As shown in
FIG. 3 , theoptical fiber bundles 308 may be arranged onouter surface 310 of thepolyethylene jacket 306. For example,optical fibers 308 may be circumferentially spaced, placed in a radial configuration, braided, and/or twisted around thepolyethylene jacket 306. To protect theoptical fiber bundles 308 and the plurality ofelectrical conductors 302 from moisture and water, theexample hybrid cable 300 is provided with a water-blocking jacket 320 (e.g., a water-blocking tape). - To protect the
optical fiber bundles 308 and the plurality ofelectrical conductors 302 from outside forces that may be, for example, applied to theouter surface 318 of thehybrid cable 300, theexample hybrid cable 300 is provided with astrength jacket 322 that surrounds the water-blockingjacket 320 and which may be implemented using a Kevlar-strength yarn. Thestrength jacket 322 is then surrounded with an external polyethylene jacket 324 (or an external jacket made of any other suitable material). Theexample hybrid cable 300 is also provided with arip cord 326 between thestrength jacket 322 and theexternal polyethylene jacket 324 to facilitate removal of theexternal polyethylene jacket 324 during installation or repair of theexample hybrid cable 300. -
FIG. 5 depicts a cross-sectional view of anotherexample hybrid cable 500. Theexample hybrid cable 500 may be used to implement the example hybridcoaxial fiber cables FIG. 2 . Theexample hybrid cable 500 includes a plurality of electrical conductors 502 (e.g., a bundle of electrical conductors 502) disposed along a central axis (not shown) (e.g., thecentral axis 304 shown inFIG. 3 ) of theexample hybrid cable 500. The plurality ofelectrical conductors 502 may be implemented using individually insulated RG-6 (i.e., Radio Guide type-6 coaxial conductor) shielded double over-jacketed cable. However, other types of coaxial cable may be used instead. Theexample hybrid cable 300 also includes a polyethylene jacket 506 (or a jacket made of any other suitable material) surrounding the plurality ofelectrical conductors 502 and a plurality ofoptical fiber bundles 508 on anouter surface 510 of thepolyethylene jacket 506. Thepolyethylene jacket 506 may be substantially thicker and stronger than thepolyethylene jacket 306 of theexample hybrid cable 300. Theoptical fiber bundles 508 include a plurality ofoptical fibers 512. Theelectrical conductors 502 and theoptical fibers 512 may be used to communicate information (e.g., voice, data, video, audio, etc.). In addition, one or more of theelectrical conductors 502 may be used to carry electrical power (e.g., carry electricity without a communication/data signal). - The plurality of
electrical conductors 502 may include signal-carryingconductors 514 and electricalpower carrying conductors 516. To reduce the amount of heat transferred from the power-carryingconductors 516 to the signal-carryingconductors 514, the signal-carryingconductors 514 may be arranged substantially closer to the central axis of theexample hybrid cable 500 than the power-carryingconductors 516 so that heat generated by the power-carryingconductors 516 radiates substantially away from the signal-carryingconductors 514 and toward an outer surface 518 of theexample hybrid cable 500. - The
example hybrid cable 500 is also provided with a water-blocking jacket 520 (e.g., a water-blocking tape), astrength jacket 522, an external polyethylene jacket 524 (or an external jacket made of any other suitable material), and arip cord 526. The water-blockingjacket 520, thestrength jacket 522, theexternal polyethylene jacket 524, and therip cord 526 are substantially similar or identical to the water-blockingjacket 320, thestrength jacket 322, theexternal polyethylene jacket 324, and therip cord 326 described, respectively, above in connection withFIG. 3 . - A network element (e.g., a coupling device, a receptacle, the
DLC RT 138 ofFIG. 1 , theSAI 140 ofFIG. 1 , or any other communication device) may be configured to be coupled to theexample hybrid cable 300 and/or theexample hybrid cable 500. For example, the network element may include a first interface to connect to at least one of a plurality of electrical conductors (e.g., the plurality ofelectrical conductors 314 and 316 ofFIG. 4 or 514 and 516 ofFIG. 5 ) disposed along a central axis (e.g., thecentral axis 304 ofFIG. 3 ) of a cable (e.g., one of thecables 300 or 500). The network element may also include a second interface to connect to one of a plurality of optical fibers (e.g., theoptical fibers 312 ofFIGS. 3 and 4 or theoptical fibers 512 ofFIG. 5 ) adjacent to (e.g., in a radial configuration around, circumferentially spaced around, etc.) the plurality of electrical conductors. In some example implementations, the network element may be configured to be powered via one of the plurality of electrical conductors. In addition, the network element may be configured to receive a communication signal via the at least one of the plurality of electrical conductors or via at least one of the plurality of optical fibers. -
FIG. 6 depicts a cross-sectional view of anotherexample hybrid cable 600. Theexample hybrid cable 600 may be used to implement theexample network systems 100 and/or 200 ofFIGS. 1 and 2 . In the illustrated example, theexample hybrid cable 600 includes a plurality of optical fibers 602 (e.g., an optical ribbon fiber bundle) disposed along a central axis (not shown) (e.g., thecentral axis 304 shown inFIG. 3 ) of theexample hybrid cable 600. Theexample hybrid cable 600 also includes a dry-corecentral tube 604 that insulates and protects theoptical fibers 602 and keeps theoptical fibers 602 substantially free from water and moisture. In the illustrated example, the dry-corecentral tube 604 is surrounded by a water-blockingjacket 606. - The
example hybrid cable 600 is also provided with a plurality of electrical conductor bundles 608 on anouter surface 610 of the water-blockingjacket 606. In the illustrated example, the electrical conductor bundles 608 are circumferentially spaced or in a radial configuration around the water-blockingjacket 606. However, the electrical conductor bundles 608 may additionally or alternatively be twisted or braided around the water-blockingjacket 606. The electrical conductor bundles 608 include a plurality ofelectrical conductors 612 that may be implemented using individually insulated 19-26 AWG twisted pair copper conductors and/or RG-6 coaxial cable conductors. Of course, in alternative example implementations, the plurality ofelectrical conductors 612 may be implemented using other types of electrical conductors. - The
optical fibers 602 and theelectrical conductors 612 may be used to communicate information (e.g., voice, data, video, audio, etc.). In addition, one or more of theelectrical conductors 612 may be used to carry electrical power (e.g., carry electricity without a communication/data signal). To reduce the amount of heat transferred from the power-carrying conductors to signal-carrying conductors, the electrical conductors may be arranged as described above in connection withFIGS. 3 and 5 so that heat from power-carrying conductors dissipates substantially away from signal-carrying conductors. - In the illustrated example, the electrical conductor bundles 608 are also used to provide strain relief and/or compression relief for the
example hybrid cable 600. That is, in addition to carrying communication signals and/or electrical power, the electrical conductor bundles 608 may also function as strain relief members and/or compression relief members for theexample hybrid cable 600. For example, twisting or braiding theelectrical conductors 612 provides the electrical conductor bundles 608 with relatively more strength and/or resilience than oneelectrical conductor 612 would have alone. In this manner, one or more of the electrical conductor bundles 608 are suitably configured to provide strain relief and/or compression relief for theexample hybrid cable 600. - The
example hybrid cable 600 is also provided with astrength jacket 622, an external polyethylene jacket 624 (or an external jacket made of any other suitable material), and arip cord 626. Thestrength jacket 622, theexternal polyethylene jacket 624, and therip cord 626 are substantially similar or identical to thestrength jacket 622, theexternal polyethylene jacket 624, and therip cord 626, respectively, described above in connection withFIG. 3 . - A network element (e.g., a coupling device, a receptacle, the
DLC RT 138 ofFIG. 1 , theSAI 140 ofFIG. 1 , or any other communication device) may be configured to be coupled to theexample hybrid cable 600. For example, the network element may include a first interface to connect to at least one of the plurality ofoptical fibers 602 disposed along a central axis of thecable 600. The network element may also include a second interface to connect to at least one of theelectrical conductors 612 within one of the electrical conductor bundles 608. In some example implementations, the network element may be configured to be powered via at least one of theelectrical conductors 612. In addition, the network element may be configured to receive a communication signal via one of the electrical conductors and/or one of theoptical fibers 602. - To the extent the above specification describes example components and functions with reference to particular devices, standards and/or protocols, it is understood that the teachings of the invention are not limited to such devices, standards and/or protocols. Such devices are periodically superseded by faster or more efficient systems having the same general purpose. Accordingly, replacement devices, standards and/or protocols having the same general functions are equivalents which are intended to be included within the scope of the accompanying claims.
- Although certain methods, apparatus, systems, and articles of manufacture have been described herein, the scope of coverage of this patent is not limited thereto. To the contrary, this patent covers all methods, apparatus, systems, and articles of manufacture fairly falling within the scope of the appended claims either literally or under the doctrine of equivalents.
Claims (27)
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Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20080310848A1 (en) * | 2007-06-15 | 2008-12-18 | Hitachi Cable, Ltd. | Combined optical and electrical transmission assembly and module |
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