US20070237037A1 - System and method of digital content manipulation - Google Patents
System and method of digital content manipulation Download PDFInfo
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- US20070237037A1 US20070237037A1 US11/727,987 US72798707A US2007237037A1 US 20070237037 A1 US20070237037 A1 US 20070237037A1 US 72798707 A US72798707 A US 72798707A US 2007237037 A1 US2007237037 A1 US 2007237037A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
- G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
- G06F3/0628—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems making use of a particular technique
- G06F3/0655—Vertical data movement, i.e. input-output transfer; data movement between one or more hosts and one or more storage devices
- G06F3/0659—Command handling arrangements, e.g. command buffers, queues, command scheduling
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/12—Digital output to print unit, e.g. line printer, chain printer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
- G06F13/10—Program control for peripheral devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
- G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
- G06F3/0602—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems specifically adapted to achieve a particular effect
- G06F3/0604—Improving or facilitating administration, e.g. storage management
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
- G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
- G06F3/0668—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems adopting a particular infrastructure
- G06F3/0671—In-line storage system
- G06F3/0683—Plurality of storage devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
- G11B27/02—Editing, e.g. varying the order of information signals recorded on, or reproduced from, record carriers
- G11B27/031—Electronic editing of digitised analogue information signals, e.g. audio or video signals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
- G11B27/10—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel
- G11B27/102—Programmed access in sequence to addressed parts of tracks of operating record carriers
- G11B27/105—Programmed access in sequence to addressed parts of tracks of operating record carriers of operating discs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
- G11B27/10—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel
- G11B27/11—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information not detectable on the record carrier
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B2220/00—Record carriers by type
- G11B2220/40—Combinations of multiple record carriers
- G11B2220/41—Flat as opposed to hierarchical combination, e.g. library of tapes or discs, CD changer, or groups of record carriers that together store one title
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B2220/00—Record carriers by type
- G11B2220/60—Solid state media
- G11B2220/65—Solid state media wherein solid state memory is used for storing indexing information or metadata
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B2220/00—Record carriers by type
- G11B2220/60—Solid state media
- G11B2220/65—Solid state media wherein solid state memory is used for storing indexing information or metadata
- G11B2220/652—Solid state media wherein solid state memory is used for storing indexing information or metadata said memory being attached to the recording medium
- G11B2220/657—Memory in disc [MID]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
- G11B27/10—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel
- G11B27/19—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier
- G11B27/28—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier by using information signals recorded by the same method as the main recording
- G11B27/32—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier by using information signals recorded by the same method as the main recording on separate auxiliary tracks of the same or an auxiliary record carrier
- G11B27/327—Table of contents
- G11B27/329—Table of contents on a disc [VTOC]
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to cataloging digital content stored on removable storage devices.
- Removable storage devices are not limited to digital technologies. Many still own collections of vinyl records, audio cassettes and VHS tapes, and such removable storage devices are still used by both users and commercial providers.
- a user interested in executing an action with respect to a specific content piece on a content appliance such as a computer, a CD burner or a printer, must either engage the respective storage device with the content appliance and manually enter the appropriate commands, or the user must provide written instructions to another human operator for executing the action.
- a user who wishes to burn the content of a memory card on a CD using a CD burner needs to insert the card into a card reader, a CD into the CD burner and operate the respective personal computer to initiate the burning operation. The burning operation will not be applied if the user does not specifically operate the CD burner as such.
- a content collection of an individual user can number hundreds of volumes, and collections of an organization or a professional (for example, a photographer) can exceed thousands of volumes.
- a professional for example, a photographer
- the user must first spend a non-negligible amount of time searching for the specific content piece to find the related volume for every action separately, and then manually execute the desired action with respect to each content piece.
- KODAK DC290 Zoom Digital CameraTM which allows users to assign printing instructions to pictures stored in a memory card when cataloging their content collections.
- the printing instructions are saved in the memory card with the marked pictures.
- the Kodak camera enables a user to store printing instructions for pictures
- the instructions must be stored in the same storage device in which the associated pictures reside.
- the user does not have the option of storing the printing instructions and the associated pictures in separate storage devices.
- the user does not have the option of storing other processing instructions (and not only printing instructions) for applying other content manipulation.
- Such options missing from the prior art are a constraint on use.
- such instruction options are unavailable for other storage media, such as CDs that already include digital content and cannot be have additional data stored thereon.
- processing instructions including but not limited to printing instructions in a storage device, which is separate from the storage device on which the associated content pieces resides.
- a storage volume having a non-volatile primary storage device for storing digital content and a non-volatile secondary storage device for storing user commands.
- the primary storage device and the secondary storage device are distinct hardware elements.
- the secondary storage device may be in form of an electronic chip.
- the user commands define processing request regarding the associated content of the storage device.
- the user commands refer to information associated with how (for example action/process) to use/manipulate selected content pieces that are stored on a storage body of a storage volume.
- the terms “content” and “content piece” reference machine-readable data coded in digital or analog representation and recorded onto a storage device.
- the user commands are to be executed with respect to the selected content piece by a compatible content appliance.
- the user commands include, for example, displaying, opening, playing, processing, copying to disk, backing up, emailing, printing, publishing to Web, burning to a CD, etc.
- Non-limiting examples for content include still images, videos (including the associated audio, both user- and commercially-recorded), audio and music recordings (both user- and commercially-recorded), software, documents, databases, and other computer files created, acquired, downloaded or otherwise obtained by a user. Neither the list provided for processing instructions nor the list provided for content is limiting.
- Examples for content appliance include a digital camera, a digital voice recorder, a digital video recorder, a personal computer with a CD/DVD reader, a personal computer with a CD/DVD reader/writer, a personal computer with memory card reader/writer, and a gramophone playing a vinyl record.
- the present invention is configured to create a catalog as a representation of the digital content of a storage volume by its respective samples.
- the catalog is stored on the secondary storage device.
- the term “sample” references a derived data that is representative of that content piece in a way that allows a user to clearly identify the content piece.
- a “volume catalog” or “catalog” is a representation of content pieces in a volume.
- a “collection catalog” is a collection of volumes by the samples of the respective content pieces, where typically each sample is pointing at its parent content piece.
- a volume catalog may be associated with software to assist browsing and searching content pieces through their samples, and locating the parent content piece respective to a selected sample.
- FIG. 1 is a high level representation of a system for manipulating digital content in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 1A illustrates an embodiment of the volume of FIG. 1 in which the storage body does not have the volume chip
- FIG. 1B illustrates an embodiment of the volume of FIG. 1 in which a volume chip is part of storage body
- FIG. 1C portrays two embodiments of the volume of FIG. 1 in which the volume chip is reversibly attached to either a storage body or to a storage shell;
- FIG. 1D illustrates the content of volume chip including circuitry for communication
- FIG. 2A illustrates exemplary volumes devised for stackable aggregation arrangements
- FIG. 2B illustrates exemplary volumes devised for rackable aggregation arrangements
- FIG. 3A illustrates a stackable aggregation arrangement to accommodate a plurality of volumes of the type shown in FIG. 2A ;
- FIG. 3B illustrates a rackable aggregation arrangement to accommodate a plurality of volumes of the type shown in FIG. 2B ;
- FIG. 3C illustrates a rackable aggregation arrangement according to another embodiment
- FIG. 4 shows a flow chart of an offline cataloging procedure in accordance with an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 5 shows a flow chart of an offline cataloging procedure in accordance with another embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 6 shows a flow chart of an on-the-fly cataloging procedure in accordance with an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 7 illustrates another embodiment of a system of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 portrays optional embodiments for recording content of a volume chip when the content stored in a storage body is commercially-produced.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of the invention in which a system 100 for manipulating digital content includes a plurality of storage volumes 110 and a content appliance 150 .
- Content appliance 150 may be a digital camera, a personal computer with a CD/DVD reader, etc.
- Volume 110 is a stand-alone portable unit that is reversibly connected to a content appliance 150 for reading content therefrom, and optionally for recording content thereon.
- a non-volatile primary storage device is operationally connected (for example, by insertion) to apparatuses for recording or reading content.
- Non-limiting examples of storage body 114 are optical media such as CDs or DVDs, magnetic media such as a magnetic diskettes or magnetic tape cassettes, solid-state disks such as flash memory disks, and vinyl records.
- Storage body 114 is a part of volume 110 .
- a storage shell 122 offers protection to storage body 114 and also provides a surface for affixing labels. In some embodiments, storage shell 122 accommodates exactly one optical disk, such as a CD or a DVD.
- a storage shell and elements affixed thereto (except storage body 114 ) will be referred to as a “casing.”
- a hardware element, a volume chip 118 is non-volatile secondary storage device that is distinct from storage body 114 and is another part of volume 110 .
- Volume chip 118 stores user commands, which define processing requests regarding the digital content of storage body 114 .
- volume 110 carries digital content in storage body 114 and user commands regarding that digital content in volume chip 118 .
- Volume chip 118 may be permanently attached to storage shell 122 or to storage body 114 .
- volume chip 118 may be reversibly attached to one of storage shell 122 and storage body 114 .
- An appliance such as content recorder 160 , is adapted to communicate with storage body 114 .
- content recorder 160 may be a personal computer that reads camera memory cards, accumulates the content of the memory cards on its hard disk, and burns multiple pictures onto the CD or DVD.
- a DVD may be burnt by a content recorder 160 that is either a personal computer, which has previously received a copy of the recording from a video camera, or a video camera, which records movies directly onto a DVD.
- content recorder 160 may be a video camera that takes the video footage or a video cassette recorder that captures broadcasted content.
- content recorder 160 may be a digital video or still camera or a personal computer that has accumulated content.
- Content recorder 160 may also be a dedicated CD or DVD recorder that records broadcast audio or video content.
- Content recorder 160 can also be a commercial machine, which produces prerecorded CDs and DVDs in mass production, or other machines, which produce prerecorded VHS tapes, compact audio cassettes or vinyl records.
- User command generator 166 is an appliance adapted to communicate with volume chip 118 .
- User command generator 166 compiles or obtains user commands defining processing requests regarding the digital content stored on storage body 114 .
- User command generator 166 records these user commands into volume chip 118 .
- a user may use user command generator 166 for recording user commands for copying some of the content pieces on storage body 114 , printing some others, and cropping specific ones prior to printing. Such user commands are recorded into volume chip 118 to be later executed by appropriate content appliances 150 .
- Catalog maker 170 compiles a volume catalog of the content of storage body 114 and stores it as a volume catalog 140 in the secondary storage device, catalog chip 118 ( FIG. 1D ).
- Volume catalog 140 includes a representation of the digital content in storage body 114 by its respective samples.
- the catalog is prepared offline from already-recorded content that resides in storage body 114 .
- catalog maker 170 may be a personal computer adapted to communicate with both storage body 114 and volume chip 118 .
- the catalog is compiled on-the-fly when respective content is recorded into storage body 114 .
- catalog maker 170 may be consolidated with content recorder 160 .
- Catalog-making uses techniques known in the art for extracting, organizing and presenting samples and meta-data from content, as well as receiving manual user entries or retrieving catalog information from a database.
- An exemplary cataloging software package known in the art for cataloging digital images is offered by ACD Systems Ltd. of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. The catalog may include thumbnails of images, video samples, software titles, article abstracts, etc.
- catalog maker 170 may include a content digitizer circuit or software to digitally process the content pieces to produce the respective samples.
- Catalog browser 180 may be a personal computer or a dedicated apparatus adapted to connect to the volume chip 118 of a volume 110 or of each volume 110 of a collection of volumes. Catalog browser 180 allows the user to browse through each of the volume catalogs 140 stored on the respective volume chips 118 (see FIG. 1D ) and identify content pieces of interest.
- Content appliance 150 which may be a personal computer, music or video player, or a commercial photo printer, is a device that accesses content pieces from storage body 114 , preferably according to user commands read from volume chip 118 . Thus, a user who has entered user commands into volume chip 118 can then expect the user commands to be carried out by content appliance 150 , for example, to show, print or copy images, or to play selected audio or video pieces. Also, in some embodiments or operations, content appliance 150 can cooperate with catalog maker 170 to read the content of storage body 114 , to produce a volume catalog, and to record that catalog into volume chip 118 .
- Volume chip 118 includes a non-volatile random-access memory that contains user commands regarding the content of storage body 114 to be carried out by a content appliance 150 .
- Volume chip 118 may also contain the volume catalog representing the content of storage body 114 and previously or presently created by a catalog maker 170 .
- content recorder 160 , user command generator 166 , catalog maker 170 , catalog browser 180 and content appliance 150 are functional units that can be implemented as a variety of devices that offer other functionalities as well. These functional units may be embodied as two distinct appliances, such that one of these appliances adapted to transmit user commands to storage body 114 and the other appliance is adapted to initiate the processing of the user commands of the content storage body 114 . These functional units may also be consolidated and embodied as a single appliance. For example, the functional units may be consolidated into a single personal computer adapted to communicate with both storage body 114 and volume chip 118 for all related operations of content recorder 160 , catalog maker 170 , catalog browser 180 and content appliance 150 .
- Interface 134 is a typical interface selected according to the nature of storage body 114 . Accordingly, if storage body 114 is a CD or DVD disk, interface 134 includes a CD/DVD drive, communication bus and appropriate drivers. If storage body 114 is a digital video cassette, then interface 134 includes a compatible drive of a video camera or a dedicated DV cassette drive, communication bus and appropriate drivers. If storage body 114 is a flash memory card, then interface 134 includes a compatible card reader, communication bus and appropriate drivers.
- interface 134 between storage body 114 and content appliance 150 and catalog maker 170 includes a gramophone and wiring and analog interface for receiving electrical signals representing music, and interface 134 between content recorder 160 and storage body 114 includes the machinery used for mastering and pressing vinyl records.
- Communication interface 130 enables communication between volume chip 118 and user command generator 166 , catalog maker 170 , catalog browser 180 , content appliance 150 and an optional rack 182 (discussed below).
- Interface 130 is adapted to support random access to the catalog, as well as the simultaneous connection of a plurality of volumes to form a single collection, in a way that all volume catalogs are accessible from one point to effectively form a collection catalog.
- Interface 130 can use hard-wired buses, or a hybrid arrangement where power is supplied via a physical connection while communication is made wirelessly (RF such as Bluetooth or Wireless USB, or IR), or a full wireless connection where volume chip 118 is both energized and communicated electromagnetically using techniques known in the art as RFID (for example, under ISO 14443 standard).
- volumes 110 are connected individually to content recorder 160 , to user command generator 166 , to catalog maker 170 and to content appliance 150 , while often the connection to catalog browser 180 is made as an aggregate form of volumes 110 , for accessing a collection catalog for example.
- browsing with catalog browser 180 is also useful for an individual volume 110 , for example, when one wants to quickly determine the content of a CD without inserting it to the CD drive.
- Rack 182 is one of the aggregation arrangements of the present invention for transforming a plurality of volumes into a collection (see FIGS. 3B-C ).
- rack 182 includes a plurality of receptacles (or slots), for example, receptacle R 1 of FIG. 3B , and circuitry attached to each receptacle.
- Each receptacle is configured to accommodate a single storage volume 110 .
- the circuitry is configured to communicate between storage volume 110 and the different functional units.
- An indication unit in the form of a selection flag 184 is operative to visibly change in response to a signal transmitted to the storage volume 110 .
- Selection flag 184 enables the physical identification of volumes (for example, by illumination) from a collection during a browsing session with catalog browser 180 so that desired storage volumes can be sighted and removed for further utilization with a content appliance 150 .
- the selection flag may be turned on for each volume whose catalog chip has recorded therein at least one user command.
- Selection flag 184 is attached to the storage shell 122 , to a rack slot RI (see FIG. 3B ), or to storage body 114 .
- Selection flag 184 may instead indicate the coordinates of a selected volume on a screen of a catalog browser 180 .
- Selection flag 184 may be implemented as an LED (Light Emitting Diode), an LCD (Liquid Crystal display) or a bi-stable display (see FIG. 3A ).
- a display 186 can be attached either to volume 110 or to rack 182 .
- Display 186 can be programmed to provide a volume title recorded on volume chip 118 .
- Optional connector 190 serves to physically connect a plurality of volumes 110 to each other (in a stackable aggregation arrangement) or to a rack 182 (in a rackable aggregation arrangement), as well as to content appliance 150 , to user command generator 166 , to catalog maker 170 and to catalog browser 180 .
- connector 190 provides electrical energy only, while communication between the volumes 110 , the rack 182 and the host appliances is executed wirelessly.
- connector 190 may still have a physical role in attaching volumes 110 to each other in a stackable aggregation arrangement or in a rackable aggregation arrangement with no electrical or logical functionality.
- volume chip 118 may be permanently attached to storage shell 122 or to storage body 114 , or it may be reversibly attached to one of storage shell 122 and storage body 114 .
- FIG. 1A schematically describes an embodiment of volume 110 A in which storage body 114 A has no volume chip. Instead, storage shell 122 A has volume chip 118 .
- Storage shell 122 A may be based on conventional designs of CD/DVD jewel cases, magnetic mini-DV boxes or vinyl-record envelopes or may be a flexible envelope or any dedicated design for effectively protecting and handling the storage body 114 A during storage and transport.
- the attachment of volume chip 118 to storage shell 122 A can be effected by a variety of techniques and design concepts known in the art and can be made during the production of storage shell 122 A or later by applying an appropriate label containing volume chip 118 .
- Volume chip 118 has circuitry 142 (see FIG. 1D ) for wireless or wired communication with the functional units.
- Interface 130 may have physical contacts for allowing effective and convenient connection with storage body 114 A, whether it is in or out of storage shell 122 A. Such contacts are placed also to allow multiple-volume connection according to the selected aggregation arrangement (see FIGS. 2A-3C ).
- FIG. 1B schematically describes an embodiment in which volume chip 118 is part of storage body 114 B.
- volume chip 118 is part of storage body 114 B.
- Such arrangement may be effected by embedding a chip in the central circle of a CD or DVD (and possibly adding the appropriate respective contacts for interface 130 to the spinning part of the CD/DVD drive), or upgrading the 4 KB memory found in magnetic mini-DV cassettes that include a memory-in-cassette (MIC) memory chip to at least the megabyte range.
- storage shell 122 B may be eliminated when a rackable aggregation arrangement is employed to assemble volumes of a collection.
- special holes or conductors can be added to storage shell 122 B to allow communication with volume chip 118 when volume 110 B is aggregated with other volumes to form part of a collection.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B may be implemented with volume chip 118 supplied as a sticker or an electronic label.
- the sticker/label is attached to the storage shell or to the storage body.
- FIG. 1C represents two embodiments where volume chip 118 C is reversibly attached to either storage body 114 C or to storage shell 122 C.
- volume chip 118 C is detached from storage body 114 C or from storage shell 122 C and is connected to user command generator 166 to record user commands (or optionally to catalog maker 170 to record the catalog of storage body 114 C. Then, volume chip 118 C is reattached to storage body 114 C or to storage shell 122 C for storage.
- FIG. 1A the individual components, storage body 114 A and associated recorders/readers, are conventional, which allows cataloging and aggregating existing volumes by replacing the shells.
- this embodiment is less supportive of on-the-fly cataloging (see FIG. 6 ), because the embodiment requires externally attaching the storage shell 122 B to content recorder 160 during content recording.
- the embodiment of FIG. 1B may be better adapted for on-the-fly cataloging, but it is not as supportive for cataloging existing volumes.
- This embodiment requires upgrading the memories of MIC mini-DV cassettes and the firmware of the respective recorders.
- FIG. 1C is adapted for compatibility with existing apparatuses.
- a volume chip 118 C having a memory card interface can be inserted into a memory card slot of a video camera for on-the-fly cataloging while content is recorded into the DV magnetic tape cassette.
- a volume chip 118 C that has a USB connector can be attached to a personal computer for cataloging a respective CD playing in the personal computer under either the offline or on-the-fly embodiment.
- FIG. 1D schematically illustrates the content of volume chip 118 .
- Volume chip 118 stores commands 144 , volume catalog 140 and an Edition ID 148 .
- Volume chip 118 has circuitry 142 for wireless/wired communication with the functional units.
- User commands 144 are entered by a user when operating user command generator 166 to define processing requests regarding the content of storage body 114 .
- the user commands are also available to an appropriate content appliance 150 for execution.
- Volume catalog 140 include data representative of the content pieces stored in storage body 114 , such as data extracted from the content of storage body 114 by catalog maker 170 , data entered by the user, and data originated by the manufacturer of commercial content or obtained from remote databases.
- Edition ID 148 is optionally provided by a manufacturer of a commercial volume 110 , to uniquely identify the volume content (that is identical for many duplicates forming an edition) for accessing the respecting entry on a remote database (see FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 ).
- the invention provides more that just the ability to browse the content of a single CD, DVD or mini-DV cassette, which may be effected by using an electronic reader instead of a mechanical drive, and then recording commands related to that content.
- the present invention enables browsing essentially immediately the content of an ever-growing collection of volumes, and record respective commands, through aggregation arrangements that can turn a plurality of cataloged volumes into a cataloged collection ready to be accessed and browsed for selecting content pieces and defining operations therewith.
- FIG. 2A schematically illustrates exemplary volumes devised for stackable aggregation arrangements.
- Volume 110 may be either volume 110 A of FIG. 1A or volume 110 B of FIG. 1B .
- volume 110 is equipped with connectors, in form of Lego-like connectors—male connector 190 M and female connector 190 F.
- the male connector 190 M and female connector 190 F are adapted for mechanical, electrical and logical connection between units stacked one on top of the other (see FIG. 3A ).
- the connectors four in the illustrated example, suffice to provide both electrical energy (two connectors) and a communication bus (the other two connectors).
- the communication bus via the male connectors 190 M at the top of the stack or the female connectors 190 F at the bottom of the stack, is usable for connecting the stack to a catalog browser 180 and user command generator 166 .
- FIG. 2B schematically illustrates exemplary volumes devised for rackable aggregation arrangements.
- Volume 110 can be either volume 110 A of FIG. 1A or volume 110 B of FIG. 1B .
- flat connectors 190 X of volume 110 are adapted for connecting with matching connectors positioned in a rack slot (see FIG. 3B ), which also provide electrical power and communication with other catalog browser 180 and user command generator 166 .
- FIG. 3A illustrates a stackable aggregation arrangement 200 A in the form of a stack of a plurality of volumes 110 from FIG. 2A .
- the male connectors 190 M of the top volume 110 (or the female connectors 190 F at the bottom volume 110 ) are used to connect aggregation arrangement 200 A to a catalog browser 180 and user command generator 166 ( FIG. 1 ).
- FIG. 3A also shows a selection flag 184 and display 186 , which are part of the indicator unit of volume 110 .
- the content of display 186 may be created during the cataloging process of each volume, for example, by the user entering “Trip to Hawaii”.
- the content is stored within volume chip 118 and is displayed when aggregation arrangement 200 A is energized.
- the content in the display remains if a bi-stable display is used for display 186 .
- the selection flag 184 of the pertinent volumes is triggered when content from such volumes is selected for further use while browsing through the collection using catalog browser 180 and user command generator 166 . Such triggering facilitates identification of selected volumes for individual use with content appliance 150 .
- FIG. 3B illustrates a rackable aggregation arrangement 200 B that uses a rack 182 B, which has a plurality of receptacles (R 1 ) and a communication bus to accommodate a plurality of volumes 110 of the type shown in FIG. 2B .
- the display 186 and selection flag 184 are as described with respect to FIG. 3A .
- removing a highlighted volume does not turn off other highlighted volumes as might happen with the stacked aggregation arrangement 200 A (if bi-stable displays are not used for selection flag 184 in the stacked aggregation arrangement of FIG. 3A ).
- the communication bus provides electrical contacts between the volumes 110 of rack 182 C and catalog browser 180 .
- the communication bus forms part of rack 182 B and is not shown for clarity.
- FIG. 3C illustrates an aggregation arrangement 200 C that is similar to that of FIG. 3B , except that display 186 and selection flag 184 are placed next to the receptacles of rack 182 C instead of on the volumes as in FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B .
- Activating display 186 A and/or selection flag 184 A require additional logic and wiring that form part of rack 182 C and/or volume 110 .
- the design burden relates to rack 182 C and not to volume 110 .
- commercial implementation of the invention may be easier to effect using the embodiment of FIG. 3C .
- a method of operating a content appliance to interact with the storage volume 110 that includes content in a primary storage device includes sending to the storage volume a user command relating to that content and storing the user command in the secondary storage device that also forms part of the storage volume.
- the user command defines a processing request that is related to the digital content stored in the primary storage unit.
- the method may further include processing the digital data according to the processing request, transmitting a signal to activate an indication unit on the storage volume and illuminate the storage device.
- the method also includes creating a volume catalog of the digital content.
- FIG. 4 describes an offline cataloging procedure in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, whereby the volume catalog is generated and recorded onto volume chip 118 when storage body 114 already has content recorded thereon.
- content is acquired, for example, by taking pictures, making movies, writing documents, recording broadcasts, or downloading content pieces from the internet.
- contents accumulate on, for example, a user's personal computer's disk drive, to reach an appropriate amount for archiving.
- content recorder 160 stores the accumulated content into storage body 114 . For example, a personal computer burns a CD to store accumulated content.
- step 315 is unnecessary.
- step 301 and step 309 are executed using professional equipment and procedures and step 315 is executed in a mass-production facility.
- a volume catalog of the content on storage body 114 is created.
- Volume 110 is connected to catalog maker 170 , which scans the content of storage body 114 , extracts samples, optionally allows the user to enter titles or comments, and then records the samples and user entries (if applicable), as a catalog onto volume chip 118 .
- catalog maker 170 scans the content of storage body 114 , extracts samples, optionally allows the user to enter titles or comments, and then records the samples and user entries (if applicable), as a catalog onto volume chip 118 .
- storage body 114 is a CD or DVD
- a personal computer prepares the catalog of the CD/DVD content using cataloging software.
- storage body 114 is a magnetic mini-DV cassette
- a personal computer connected to a digital video camera or player uses movie-editing software to prepare the catalog.
- step 317 can be implemented in a commercial mass-production facility by storing the same volume catalog in all volume chips 118 of the content of the mass-produced storage bodies 114 .
- a mass-produced volume 110 can be commercially recorded via steps 301 , 309 and 315 and then cataloged by a user via step 317 .
- volume 110 may be removed from catalog maker 170 .
- the volume 110 cataloged in step 317 can be individually connected in a step 319 to a compatible catalog browser 180 to browse the content on volume 110 .
- a compatible catalog browser 180 to browse the content on volume 110 .
- the content of a mini-DV cassette can be browsed from a personal computer without the need to hook up the computer to a digital video camera or player.
- step 321 the volume is added to a collection using an aggregation arrangement such as 200 A of FIG. 3A , 200 B of FIG. 3B or 200 C of FIG. 3C .
- the volume chips 118 of all volumes 110 can then be placed in communication simultaneously with catalog browser 180 and user command generator 166 .
- a display 186 positioned on or near each volume in the collection shows the volume title.
- the collection is connected to a catalog browser 180 and user command generator 166 to allow a user to browse the collection catalog by accessing the volume chips 118 of all volumes 110 of the collection.
- step 329 the user can activate user command generator 166 to enter user commands that define a processing request related to the content on storage body 114 .
- Exemplary user commands may be “view”, “copy”, “print 5 copies at 6 ⁇ 9 size”, “crop according to my simulated example and then print a single copy at 12 ⁇ 18 size”, etc.
- the user commands are recorded onto the volume chips 118 of the volumes 110 containing the respective contents.
- a signal is transmitted to visibly change the indication unit on the selected storage volumes.
- Logic in volume chip 118 , in rack 182 C or in catalog browser 180 activates the selection flags of the selected volumes (those that have received in step 329 user commands regarding their content pieces) of the collection.
- the user assisted by the selection flags removes the appropriate volumes from the aggregation arrangement and inserts them one by one into the appropriate content appliances 150 .
- the user may separately connect to content appliance 150 the combination of storage body 114 A and storage shell 122 A or the combination of storage body 114 C and volume chip 118 C.
- the appropriate content pieces are processed (for example, accessed, viewed, copied, and/or printed) by content appliance 150 according to the processing requests defined by the user commands recorded into volume chip 118 in step 329 .
- FIG. 5 describes an offline cataloging procedure in accordance with a second embodiment, whereby the volume catalog made and recorded into volume chip 118 is a catalog of content that has already been stored in storage body 114 .
- This embodiment is similar to that of FIG. 4 , but here storage volumes of the prior art are retrofitted in accordance with the present invention. Reference is also made to FIG. 1A .
- storage body 114 A already containing content data receives a new storage shell 122 A that includes volume chip 118 .
- content data for example, a conventional, user-recorded or commercially-recorded CD, DVD, VHS tape or magnetic mini-DV cassette
- steps 317 - 341 are the same as in FIG. 4 .
- an attribute of the configuration of FIG. 1A is that it can lend itself for cataloging existing volumes of CDs, DVDs, magnetic tape cassettes and vinyl records.
- FIG. 6 teaches an alternate on-the-fly cataloging procedure, wherein the volume catalog is created and recorded concurrently with the recording of the content.
- Such procedure may be implemented when a catalog maker is integrated with a content recorder. Because the process requires simultaneous connection of a content recorder with both a storage body and a volume chip, the configuration of FIG. 1B is more suitable, although that of FIG. 1A is also possible by connecting storage shell 122 A to an external interface of content recorder 160 (which can be more practical where content recorder 160 is a personal computer and less practical if it is a video camera).
- step 301 an amount of content is acquired by content recorder 160 , for example, a folder of digital photos is accessed on the hard disk by a personal computer, or footage is taken by a video camera.
- step 309 the content acquired in step 301 is copied into storage body 114 , while in a substantially-concurrent step 313 , catalog maker 170 extracts from that content the respective samples and records them as a catalog into volume chip 118 .
- Steps 301 , 309 and 313 continue until, in step 315 , either the current capacity of storage body 114 is exhausted or the user elects to stop recording and remove volume 110 from content recorder 160 .
- the remaining steps (steps 315 - 341 ) are as described above with respect to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 .
- step 313 the creation of the catalog (steps 309 ) and concurrent recording of the content (step 313 ) are to be understood in the broadest sense, meaning that the content is recorded into storage body 114 and the catalog is recorded into volume chip 118 within the same work session.
- Commercial content includes mass-produced, prerecorded CDs, DVDs, magnetic tapes, flash disks and vinyl records that store music, movies, audio books, digital books, artwork pictures, software, graphics, fonts etc.
- a user may be willing to add such content to his or her collection or even establish a collection composed solely of commercial content.
- the present invention offers a variety of cataloging options for commercial content. The desired cataloging option depends on the nature of the content, the cooperation of the provider with the provisions of the present invention, and on the preferences of the user that owns the content.
- the exemplary embodiments described below cover a variety of situations that are answered by different solutions.
- FIG. 7 describes system 400 that is a variation of system 100 of FIG. 1 .
- Storage body 114 Z contains commercially prepared content, which is similar to storage body 114 of FIG. 1 , with optionally a manufacturer-complied volume catalog prepared by the manufacturer to be copied by a user to volume chip 118 Z.
- Volume chip 118 Z is similar to volume chip 118 of FIG. 1 , with optionally a unique edition ID that identifies the content of a mass-produced volume 110 Z to associate it with a respective volume catalog that is stored in a remote database accessible via a communication network, for example the Internet or a mobile telephony data network.
- Content appliance 150 Z, content recorder 160 Z, user command generator 166 Z, catalog maker 170 Z and catalog browser 18 OZ are similar to their counterparts of FIG. 1 , with the addition of connectivity to a database 420 via network 410 .
- Network 410 is a communication network, such as the Internet or mobile data network, to any of content appliance 150 Z, content recorder 160 Z, user command generator 166 Z, catalog maker 170 Z and catalog browser 180 Z to database 420 .
- Database 420 contains catalog information of commercially-produced content, provided by the manufacturers of such content or by third parties such as user groups.
- An examples of a content catalog for commercial CDs is CDDBTM (CD DataBase), which is an on online music database service available from Gracenote Corp., Emeryville, Calif.
- FIG. 8 describes several alternative embodiments for recording the content of volume chip 118 Z when the content stored in storage body 114 Z is commercially-produced. The presentation is made by describing six variations 317 A-F of step 317 of FIG. 4 .
- Variation 317 A treats the commercial content in storage body 114 Z as any other previously recorded content, and employs catalog maker 170 Z to read the content of storage body 114 Z, compile a catalog therefore, and store the catalog in volume chip 118 Z.
- variation 317 A has actually been described in the process of FIG. 4 ; however, often commercially-manufactured volumes contain extra useful data for a richer catalog than their user-made counterparts.
- catalog maker 170 Z is located on the site of the commercial content provider, which compiles the catalog once for each content edition, and then stores a copy of the catalog in volume chip 118 Z.
- a catalog is prepared by the provider and added to storage body 114 Z; however, because storage body 114 Z is inaccessible to the respective aggregation arrangement, the user operates a catalog maker 170 Z to copy the catalog from storage body 114 Z to volume chip 118 Z.
- the manufacturer has access to more bibliographic information than can be extracted by a catalog maker 170 Z from the content pieces stored in storage body 114 Z.
- the catalog of a commercial volume is stored in a remote database 420 by the content provider or by a third party, and is then downloaded by a user of catalog browser 180 Z and stored in volume chip 118 Z; the commercial volume is identified for locating the appropriate entry in database 420 by methods known in the art for volume identification by reviewing the table of content of commercial storage body 114 Z.
- Variation 317 E is to be combined with any of variations 317 B-C to add user inputs to manufacturer-provided catalogs.
- Two examples for such user inputs are user comments or keywords, and a user instruction to catalog maker 170 Z to add ten-second music samples extracted from the beginning each content piece stored in storage body 114 Z, to each catalog entry stored in volume chip 118 Z.
- Variation 317 F is aimed at using a volume chip 118 Z of minimal capacity that initially contains just the unique identity of the edition of commercial volume 110 Z. Instead of storing the user and/or provider catalog on volume chip 118 Z, variation 317 F relies upon network connectivity of content appliance 150 Z and catalog browser 180 Z, thus providing the user with a similar experience as in the case where the catalog is stored within volume chip 118 Z, while the actual catalog content is retrieved in real-time from database 420 . User instructions are recorded in-volume chip 118 Z as before.
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Abstract
A system for manipulating digital content includes a storage volume having a non-volatile primary storage device and a non-volatile secondary storage device. The two storage devices are distinct hardware elements. The primary storage device stores the digital content, and the secondary storage device stores user commands. The system also includes one or more appliances, which communicate with the storage volume. The appliances collectively transmit a user command defining a processing request regarding the digital content and initiate processing of the digital content according to the processing request. A method of operating a content appliance to interact with a storage volume includes sending to the storage volume a user command defining a processing request related to digital content stored in a primary storage device and storing the user command in a secondary storage device.
Description
- This patent application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/744,277 filed Apr. 5, 2006 and to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/803,135 filed May 25, 2006, which are incorporated by reference in their entirety.
- The present invention relates generally to cataloging digital content stored on removable storage devices.
- With advances in technology, more and more content is stored today on removable storage devices. Consumers produce digital contents such as still photos, video movies, voice recordings and personal documents; organizations produce digital files containing designs, software, literature, marketing materials, legal documents, correspondence documentation, databases etc. Content providers distribute movies, music, audio books, digital books, reference material, software, fonts, clips art and the like on digital media. A vast variety of digital content is available via the Internet or cellular networks to be downloaded onto CDs and DVDs.
- Removable storage devices are not limited to digital technologies. Many still own collections of vinyl records, audio cassettes and VHS tapes, and such removable storage devices are still used by both users and commercial providers.
- A user interested in executing an action with respect to a specific content piece on a content appliance, such as a computer, a CD burner or a printer, must either engage the respective storage device with the content appliance and manually enter the appropriate commands, or the user must provide written instructions to another human operator for executing the action. For example, a user who wishes to burn the content of a memory card on a CD using a CD burner, needs to insert the card into a card reader, a CD into the CD burner and operate the respective personal computer to initiate the burning operation. The burning operation will not be applied if the user does not specifically operate the CD burner as such.
- With time, a content collection of an individual user can number hundreds of volumes, and collections of an organization or a professional (for example, a photographer) can exceed thousands of volumes. Thus, to execute action regarding a content piece, the user must first spend a non-negligible amount of time searching for the specific content piece to find the related volume for every action separately, and then manually execute the desired action with respect to each content piece.
- Eastman Kodak Company of Rochester, New York marketed a KODAK DC290 Zoom Digital Camera™, which allows users to assign printing instructions to pictures stored in a memory card when cataloging their content collections. The printing instructions are saved in the memory card with the marked pictures.
- Although the Kodak camera enables a user to store printing instructions for pictures, the instructions must be stored in the same storage device in which the associated pictures reside. The user does not have the option of storing the printing instructions and the associated pictures in separate storage devices. Furthermore, the user does not have the option of storing other processing instructions (and not only printing instructions) for applying other content manipulation. Such options missing from the prior art are a constraint on use. Furthermore, such instruction options are unavailable for other storage media, such as CDs that already include digital content and cannot be have additional data stored thereon.
- Thus, it would be useful for a user to be able to store processing instructions including but not limited to printing instructions in a storage device, which is separate from the storage device on which the associated content pieces resides.
- Accordingly, it is a principal object of the present invention to introduce a storage volume having a non-volatile primary storage device for storing digital content and a non-volatile secondary storage device for storing user commands. The primary storage device and the secondary storage device are distinct hardware elements. The secondary storage device may be in form of an electronic chip.
- The user commands define processing request regarding the associated content of the storage device. The user commands refer to information associated with how (for example action/process) to use/manipulate selected content pieces that are stored on a storage body of a storage volume. The terms “content” and “content piece” reference machine-readable data coded in digital or analog representation and recorded onto a storage device. The user commands are to be executed with respect to the selected content piece by a compatible content appliance.
- The user commands include, for example, displaying, opening, playing, processing, copying to disk, backing up, emailing, printing, publishing to Web, burning to a CD, etc. Non-limiting examples for content include still images, videos (including the associated audio, both user- and commercially-recorded), audio and music recordings (both user- and commercially-recorded), software, documents, databases, and other computer files created, acquired, downloaded or otherwise obtained by a user. Neither the list provided for processing instructions nor the list provided for content is limiting.
- Examples for content appliance include a digital camera, a digital voice recorder, a digital video recorder, a personal computer with a CD/DVD reader, a personal computer with a CD/DVD reader/writer, a personal computer with memory card reader/writer, and a gramophone playing a vinyl record.
- In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the present invention is configured to create a catalog as a representation of the digital content of a storage volume by its respective samples. The catalog is stored on the secondary storage device. The term “sample” references a derived data that is representative of that content piece in a way that allows a user to clearly identify the content piece. A “volume catalog” or “catalog” is a representation of content pieces in a volume. Accordingly, a “collection catalog” is a collection of volumes by the samples of the respective content pieces, where typically each sample is pointing at its parent content piece. A volume catalog may be associated with software to assist browsing and searching content pieces through their samples, and locating the parent content piece respective to a selected sample.
- Additional features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following drawings and description.
- For a better understanding of the invention with regard to the embodiments thereof, reference is made to the accompanying drawing, in which like numerals designate corresponding sections or elements throughout the present disclosure, and in which:
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FIG. 1 is a high level representation of a system for manipulating digital content in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 1A illustrates an embodiment of the volume ofFIG. 1 in which the storage body does not have the volume chip; -
FIG. 1B illustrates an embodiment of the volume ofFIG. 1 in which a volume chip is part of storage body; -
FIG. 1C portrays two embodiments of the volume ofFIG. 1 in which the volume chip is reversibly attached to either a storage body or to a storage shell; -
FIG. 1D illustrates the content of volume chip including circuitry for communication; -
FIG. 2A illustrates exemplary volumes devised for stackable aggregation arrangements; -
FIG. 2B illustrates exemplary volumes devised for rackable aggregation arrangements; -
FIG. 3A illustrates a stackable aggregation arrangement to accommodate a plurality of volumes of the type shown inFIG. 2A ; -
FIG. 3B illustrates a rackable aggregation arrangement to accommodate a plurality of volumes of the type shown inFIG. 2B ; -
FIG. 3C illustrates a rackable aggregation arrangement according to another embodiment; -
FIG. 4 shows a flow chart of an offline cataloging procedure in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 5 shows a flow chart of an offline cataloging procedure in accordance with another embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 6 shows a flow chart of an on-the-fly cataloging procedure in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 7 illustrates another embodiment of a system of the present invention; and -
FIG. 8 portrays optional embodiments for recording content of a volume chip when the content stored in a storage body is commercially-produced. - The invention summarized above and defined by the claims below will be better understood by referring to the present detailed description of embodiments of the invention. This description is not intended to limit the scope of claims but instead to provide examples of the invention. The following discussion presents exemplary embodiments, which include a system for manipulating digital content, a storage volume connectable to a content appliance, and a method of operating a content appliance to interact with a storage volume.
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FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of the invention in which asystem 100 for manipulating digital content includes a plurality ofstorage volumes 110 and acontent appliance 150.Content appliance 150 may be a digital camera, a personal computer with a CD/DVD reader, etc.Volume 110 is a stand-alone portable unit that is reversibly connected to acontent appliance 150 for reading content therefrom, and optionally for recording content thereon. - A non-volatile primary storage device,
storage body 114, is operationally connected (for example, by insertion) to apparatuses for recording or reading content. Non-limiting examples ofstorage body 114 are optical media such as CDs or DVDs, magnetic media such as a magnetic diskettes or magnetic tape cassettes, solid-state disks such as flash memory disks, and vinyl records.Storage body 114 is a part ofvolume 110. Astorage shell 122 offers protection tostorage body 114 and also provides a surface for affixing labels. In some embodiments,storage shell 122 accommodates exactly one optical disk, such as a CD or a DVD. A storage shell and elements affixed thereto (except storage body 114) will be referred to as a “casing.” - A hardware element, a
volume chip 118, is non-volatile secondary storage device that is distinct fromstorage body 114 and is another part ofvolume 110.Volume chip 118 stores user commands, which define processing requests regarding the digital content ofstorage body 114. Thus,volume 110 carries digital content instorage body 114 and user commands regarding that digital content involume chip 118.Volume chip 118 may be permanently attached tostorage shell 122 or tostorage body 114. Alternatively,volume chip 118 may be reversibly attached to one ofstorage shell 122 andstorage body 114. - An appliance, such as
content recorder 160, is adapted to communicate withstorage body 114. In the case ofstorage body 114 being a CD or DVD for archiving digital pictures,content recorder 160 may be a personal computer that reads camera memory cards, accumulates the content of the memory cards on its hard disk, and burns multiple pictures onto the CD or DVD. In the case of video recordings, a DVD may be burnt by acontent recorder 160 that is either a personal computer, which has previously received a copy of the recording from a video camera, or a video camera, which records movies directly onto a DVD. In the case ofstorage body 114 being a magnetic video cassette,content recorder 160 may be a video camera that takes the video footage or a video cassette recorder that captures broadcasted content. In the case ofstorage body 114 being a flash memory disk,content recorder 160 may be a digital video or still camera or a personal computer that has accumulated content.Content recorder 160 may also be a dedicated CD or DVD recorder that records broadcast audio or video content.Content recorder 160 can also be a commercial machine, which produces prerecorded CDs and DVDs in mass production, or other machines, which produce prerecorded VHS tapes, compact audio cassettes or vinyl records. -
User command generator 166 is an appliance adapted to communicate withvolume chip 118.User command generator 166 compiles or obtains user commands defining processing requests regarding the digital content stored onstorage body 114.User command generator 166 records these user commands intovolume chip 118. For example, a user may useuser command generator 166 for recording user commands for copying some of the content pieces onstorage body 114, printing some others, and cropping specific ones prior to printing. Such user commands are recorded intovolume chip 118 to be later executed byappropriate content appliances 150. -
Catalog maker 170 compiles a volume catalog of the content ofstorage body 114 and stores it as avolume catalog 140 in the secondary storage device, catalog chip 118 (FIG. 1D ).Volume catalog 140 includes a representation of the digital content instorage body 114 by its respective samples. In one embodiment (represented by the flowcharts inFIGS. 4-5 ), the catalog is prepared offline from already-recorded content that resides instorage body 114. In this embodiment,catalog maker 170 may be a personal computer adapted to communicate with bothstorage body 114 andvolume chip 118. In an alternative embodiment (represented by the flowchart inFIG. 6 ), the catalog is compiled on-the-fly when respective content is recorded intostorage body 114. Then,catalog maker 170 may be consolidated withcontent recorder 160. Catalog-making uses techniques known in the art for extracting, organizing and presenting samples and meta-data from content, as well as receiving manual user entries or retrieving catalog information from a database. An exemplary cataloging software package known in the art for cataloging digital images is offered by ACD Systems Ltd. of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. The catalog may include thumbnails of images, video samples, software titles, article abstracts, etc. - If the
storage body 114 is an analog type of memory, for example, a VHS tape cassette or a vinyl record, thencatalog maker 170 may include a content digitizer circuit or software to digitally process the content pieces to produce the respective samples. -
Catalog browser 180 may be a personal computer or a dedicated apparatus adapted to connect to thevolume chip 118 of avolume 110 or of eachvolume 110 of a collection of volumes.Catalog browser 180 allows the user to browse through each of the volume catalogs 140 stored on the respective volume chips 118 (seeFIG. 1D ) and identify content pieces of interest. -
Content appliance 150, which may be a personal computer, music or video player, or a commercial photo printer, is a device that accesses content pieces fromstorage body 114, preferably according to user commands read fromvolume chip 118. Thus, a user who has entered user commands intovolume chip 118 can then expect the user commands to be carried out bycontent appliance 150, for example, to show, print or copy images, or to play selected audio or video pieces. Also, in some embodiments or operations,content appliance 150 can cooperate withcatalog maker 170 to read the content ofstorage body 114, to produce a volume catalog, and to record that catalog intovolume chip 118. -
Volume chip 118 includes a non-volatile random-access memory that contains user commands regarding the content ofstorage body 114 to be carried out by acontent appliance 150.Volume chip 118 may also contain the volume catalog representing the content ofstorage body 114 and previously or presently created by acatalog maker 170. - It will be noted that
content recorder 160,user command generator 166,catalog maker 170,catalog browser 180 andcontent appliance 150 are functional units that can be implemented as a variety of devices that offer other functionalities as well. These functional units may be embodied as two distinct appliances, such that one of these appliances adapted to transmit user commands tostorage body 114 and the other appliance is adapted to initiate the processing of the user commands of thecontent storage body 114. These functional units may also be consolidated and embodied as a single appliance. For example, the functional units may be consolidated into a single personal computer adapted to communicate with bothstorage body 114 andvolume chip 118 for all related operations ofcontent recorder 160,catalog maker 170,catalog browser 180 andcontent appliance 150. -
Interface 134 is a typical interface selected according to the nature ofstorage body 114. Accordingly, ifstorage body 114 is a CD or DVD disk,interface 134 includes a CD/DVD drive, communication bus and appropriate drivers. Ifstorage body 114 is a digital video cassette, then interface 134 includes a compatible drive of a video camera or a dedicated DV cassette drive, communication bus and appropriate drivers. Ifstorage body 114 is a flash memory card, then interface 134 includes a compatible card reader, communication bus and appropriate drivers. Ifstorage body 114 is a vinyl record,interface 134 betweenstorage body 114 andcontent appliance 150 andcatalog maker 170 includes a gramophone and wiring and analog interface for receiving electrical signals representing music, andinterface 134 betweencontent recorder 160 andstorage body 114 includes the machinery used for mastering and pressing vinyl records. -
Communication interface 130 enables communication betweenvolume chip 118 anduser command generator 166,catalog maker 170,catalog browser 180,content appliance 150 and an optional rack 182 (discussed below).Interface 130 is adapted to support random access to the catalog, as well as the simultaneous connection of a plurality of volumes to form a single collection, in a way that all volume catalogs are accessible from one point to effectively form a collection catalog.Interface 130 can use hard-wired buses, or a hybrid arrangement where power is supplied via a physical connection while communication is made wirelessly (RF such as Bluetooth or Wireless USB, or IR), or a full wireless connection wherevolume chip 118 is both energized and communicated electromagnetically using techniques known in the art as RFID (for example, under ISO 14443 standard). - Under usual circumstances,
volumes 110 are connected individually tocontent recorder 160, touser command generator 166, to catalogmaker 170 and tocontent appliance 150, while often the connection to catalogbrowser 180 is made as an aggregate form ofvolumes 110, for accessing a collection catalog for example. However, browsing withcatalog browser 180 is also useful for anindividual volume 110, for example, when one wants to quickly determine the content of a CD without inserting it to the CD drive. -
Rack 182 is one of the aggregation arrangements of the present invention for transforming a plurality of volumes into a collection (seeFIGS. 3B-C ). In accordance with one embodiment, which is a “rackable aggregation arrangement,”rack 182 includes a plurality of receptacles (or slots), for example, receptacle R1 ofFIG. 3B , and circuitry attached to each receptacle. Each receptacle is configured to accommodate asingle storage volume 110. The circuitry is configured to communicate betweenstorage volume 110 and the different functional units. Thus, connecting to rack 182 from acatalog browser 180 enables access to the entire collection catalog and to record user commands on thevolume chips 118 ofstorage volumes 110. - An indication unit in the form of a
selection flag 184 is operative to visibly change in response to a signal transmitted to thestorage volume 110.Selection flag 184 enables the physical identification of volumes (for example, by illumination) from a collection during a browsing session withcatalog browser 180 so that desired storage volumes can be sighted and removed for further utilization with acontent appliance 150. The selection flag may be turned on for each volume whose catalog chip has recorded therein at least one user command.Selection flag 184 is attached to thestorage shell 122, to a rack slot RI (seeFIG. 3B ), or tostorage body 114.Selection flag 184 may instead indicate the coordinates of a selected volume on a screen of acatalog browser 180.Selection flag 184 may be implemented as an LED (Light Emitting Diode), an LCD (Liquid Crystal display) or a bi-stable display (seeFIG. 3A ). - In an alternate embodiment, a
display 186 can be attached either tovolume 110 or to rack 182.Display 186 can be programmed to provide a volume title recorded onvolume chip 118. -
Optional connector 190 serves to physically connect a plurality ofvolumes 110 to each other (in a stackable aggregation arrangement) or to a rack 182 (in a rackable aggregation arrangement), as well as tocontent appliance 150, touser command generator 166, to catalogmaker 170 and to catalogbrowser 180. In a hybrid embodiment,connector 190 provides electrical energy only, while communication between thevolumes 110, therack 182 and the host appliances is executed wirelessly. In a complete wireless embodiment (for example RFID communication)connector 190 may still have a physical role in attachingvolumes 110 to each other in a stackable aggregation arrangement or in a rackable aggregation arrangement with no electrical or logical functionality. - The following describes the positioning of
volume chip 118 onvolume 110. As will be discussed,volume chip 118 may be permanently attached tostorage shell 122 or tostorage body 114, or it may be reversibly attached to one ofstorage shell 122 andstorage body 114. -
FIG. 1A schematically describes an embodiment ofvolume 110A in whichstorage body 114A has no volume chip. Instead,storage shell 122A hasvolume chip 118.Storage shell 122A may be based on conventional designs of CD/DVD jewel cases, magnetic mini-DV boxes or vinyl-record envelopes or may be a flexible envelope or any dedicated design for effectively protecting and handling thestorage body 114A during storage and transport. The attachment ofvolume chip 118 tostorage shell 122A can be effected by a variety of techniques and design concepts known in the art and can be made during the production ofstorage shell 122A or later by applying an appropriate label containingvolume chip 118.Volume chip 118 has circuitry 142 (seeFIG. 1D ) for wireless or wired communication with the functional units.Interface 130 may have physical contacts for allowing effective and convenient connection withstorage body 114A, whether it is in or out ofstorage shell 122A. Such contacts are placed also to allow multiple-volume connection according to the selected aggregation arrangement (seeFIGS. 2A-3C ). -
FIG. 1B schematically describes an embodiment in whichvolume chip 118 is part ofstorage body 114B. Such arrangement may be effected by embedding a chip in the central circle of a CD or DVD (and possibly adding the appropriate respective contacts forinterface 130 to the spinning part of the CD/DVD drive), or upgrading the 4 KB memory found in magnetic mini-DV cassettes that include a memory-in-cassette (MIC) memory chip to at least the megabyte range. In this embodiment,storage shell 122B may be eliminated when a rackable aggregation arrangement is employed to assemble volumes of a collection. Alternatively, ifinterface 130 is not a completely contactless link, special holes or conductors can be added tostorage shell 122B to allow communication withvolume chip 118 whenvolume 110B is aggregated with other volumes to form part of a collection. - The embodiments of
FIGS. 1A and 1B may be implemented withvolume chip 118 supplied as a sticker or an electronic label. The sticker/label is attached to the storage shell or to the storage body. -
FIG. 1C represents two embodiments wherevolume chip 118C is reversibly attached to eitherstorage body 114C or tostorage shell 122C. In both embodiments,volume chip 118C is detached fromstorage body 114C or fromstorage shell 122C and is connected touser command generator 166 to record user commands (or optionally to catalogmaker 170 to record the catalog ofstorage body 114C. Then,volume chip 118C is reattached tostorage body 114C or tostorage shell 122C for storage. - Attributes of the different volume arrangements are summarized as follows: In the embodiment of
FIG. 1A , the individual components,storage body 114A and associated recorders/readers, are conventional, which allows cataloging and aggregating existing volumes by replacing the shells. However, this embodiment is less supportive of on-the-fly cataloging (seeFIG. 6 ), because the embodiment requires externally attaching thestorage shell 122B tocontent recorder 160 during content recording. The embodiment ofFIG. 1B may be better adapted for on-the-fly cataloging, but it is not as supportive for cataloging existing volumes. This embodiment requires upgrading the memories of MIC mini-DV cassettes and the firmware of the respective recorders. The embodiment ofFIG. 1C is adapted for compatibility with existing apparatuses. Thus, avolume chip 118C having a memory card interface can be inserted into a memory card slot of a video camera for on-the-fly cataloging while content is recorded into the DV magnetic tape cassette. Similarly, avolume chip 118C that has a USB connector can be attached to a personal computer for cataloging a respective CD playing in the personal computer under either the offline or on-the-fly embodiment. -
FIG. 1D schematically illustrates the content ofvolume chip 118.Volume chip 118 stores commands 144,volume catalog 140 and anEdition ID 148.Volume chip 118 hascircuitry 142 for wireless/wired communication with the functional units. User commands 144 are entered by a user when operatinguser command generator 166 to define processing requests regarding the content ofstorage body 114. The user commands are also available to anappropriate content appliance 150 for execution.Volume catalog 140 include data representative of the content pieces stored instorage body 114, such as data extracted from the content ofstorage body 114 bycatalog maker 170, data entered by the user, and data originated by the manufacturer of commercial content or obtained from remote databases.Edition ID 148 is optionally provided by a manufacturer of acommercial volume 110, to uniquely identify the volume content (that is identical for many duplicates forming an edition) for accessing the respecting entry on a remote database (seeFIG. 7 andFIG. 8 ). - The invention provides more that just the ability to browse the content of a single CD, DVD or mini-DV cassette, which may be effected by using an electronic reader instead of a mechanical drive, and then recording commands related to that content. The present invention enables browsing essentially immediately the content of an ever-growing collection of volumes, and record respective commands, through aggregation arrangements that can turn a plurality of cataloged volumes into a cataloged collection ready to be accessed and browsed for selecting content pieces and defining operations therewith.
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FIG. 2A schematically illustrates exemplary volumes devised for stackable aggregation arrangements.Volume 110 may be eithervolume 110A ofFIG. 1A orvolume 110B ofFIG. 1B . InFIG. 2A ,volume 110 is equipped with connectors, in form of Lego-like connectors—male connector 190M andfemale connector 190F. Themale connector 190M andfemale connector 190F are adapted for mechanical, electrical and logical connection between units stacked one on top of the other (seeFIG. 3A ). The connectors, four in the illustrated example, suffice to provide both electrical energy (two connectors) and a communication bus (the other two connectors). The communication bus, via themale connectors 190M at the top of the stack or thefemale connectors 190F at the bottom of the stack, is usable for connecting the stack to acatalog browser 180 anduser command generator 166. -
FIG. 2B schematically illustrates exemplary volumes devised for rackable aggregation arrangements.Volume 110 can be eithervolume 110A ofFIG. 1A orvolume 110B ofFIG. 1B . InFIG. 2B ,flat connectors 190X ofvolume 110 are adapted for connecting with matching connectors positioned in a rack slot (seeFIG. 3B ), which also provide electrical power and communication withother catalog browser 180 anduser command generator 166. -
FIG. 3A illustrates astackable aggregation arrangement 200A in the form of a stack of a plurality ofvolumes 110 fromFIG. 2A . Themale connectors 190M of the top volume 110 (or thefemale connectors 190F at the bottom volume 110) are used to connectaggregation arrangement 200A to acatalog browser 180 and user command generator 166 (FIG. 1 ). Additionally,FIG. 3A also shows aselection flag 184 anddisplay 186, which are part of the indicator unit ofvolume 110. The content ofdisplay 186 may be created during the cataloging process of each volume, for example, by the user entering “Trip to Hawaii”. The content is stored withinvolume chip 118 and is displayed whenaggregation arrangement 200A is energized. Alternatively, the content in the display remains if a bi-stable display is used fordisplay 186. Theselection flag 184 of the pertinent volumes is triggered when content from such volumes is selected for further use while browsing through the collection usingcatalog browser 180 anduser command generator 166. Such triggering facilitates identification of selected volumes for individual use withcontent appliance 150. -
FIG. 3B illustrates arackable aggregation arrangement 200B that uses arack 182B, which has a plurality of receptacles (R1) and a communication bus to accommodate a plurality ofvolumes 110 of the type shown inFIG. 2B . Thedisplay 186 andselection flag 184 are as described with respect toFIG. 3A . However, in the rack arrangement, removing a highlighted volume does not turn off other highlighted volumes as might happen with the stackedaggregation arrangement 200A (if bi-stable displays are not used forselection flag 184 in the stacked aggregation arrangement ofFIG. 3A ). The communication bus provides electrical contacts between thevolumes 110 ofrack 182C andcatalog browser 180. The communication bus forms part ofrack 182B and is not shown for clarity. -
FIG. 3C illustrates anaggregation arrangement 200C that is similar to that ofFIG. 3B , except thatdisplay 186 andselection flag 184 are placed next to the receptacles ofrack 182C instead of on the volumes as inFIG. 3A andFIG. 3B . Activatingdisplay 186A and/orselection flag 184A require additional logic and wiring that form part ofrack 182C and/orvolume 110. In the embodiment ofFIG. 3C , the design burden relates to rack 182C and not tovolume 110. Thus commercial implementation of the invention may be easier to effect using the embodiment ofFIG. 3C . - In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, a method of operating a content appliance to interact with the
storage volume 110 that includes content in a primary storage device, includes sending to the storage volume a user command relating to that content and storing the user command in the secondary storage device that also forms part of the storage volume. The user command defines a processing request that is related to the digital content stored in the primary storage unit. The method may further include processing the digital data according to the processing request, transmitting a signal to activate an indication unit on the storage volume and illuminate the storage device. The method also includes creating a volume catalog of the digital content. -
FIG. 4 describes an offline cataloging procedure in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, whereby the volume catalog is generated and recorded ontovolume chip 118 whenstorage body 114 already has content recorded thereon. With reference to step 301, content is acquired, for example, by taking pictures, making movies, writing documents, recording broadcasts, or downloading content pieces from the internet. In astep 309, contents accumulate on, for example, a user's personal computer's disk drive, to reach an appropriate amount for archiving. Instep 315,content recorder 160 stores the accumulated content intostorage body 114. For example, a personal computer burns a CD to store accumulated content. In the case of a magnetic mini-DV recording where the user wishes to use the original cassette also for archiving (and not burn it onto a DVD),step 315 is unnecessary. In the case of commercial content,step 301 and step 309 are executed using professional equipment and procedures and step 315 is executed in a mass-production facility. - In a
step 317, a volume catalog of the content onstorage body 114 is created.Volume 110 is connected to catalogmaker 170, which scans the content ofstorage body 114, extracts samples, optionally allows the user to enter titles or comments, and then records the samples and user entries (if applicable), as a catalog ontovolume chip 118. For example, ifstorage body 114 is a CD or DVD, a personal computer prepares the catalog of the CD/DVD content using cataloging software. Ifstorage body 114 is a magnetic mini-DV cassette, a personal computer connected to a digital video camera or player uses movie-editing software to prepare the catalog. If the cataloging is part of a commercial production, step 317 can be implemented in a commercial mass-production facility by storing the same volume catalog in allvolume chips 118 of the content of the mass-producedstorage bodies 114. However, it will be noted that a mass-producedvolume 110 can be commercially recorded viasteps step 317. Afterstep 317,volume 110 may be removed fromcatalog maker 170. - Optionally, the
volume 110 cataloged instep 317 can be individually connected in astep 319 to acompatible catalog browser 180 to browse the content onvolume 110. For example, the content of a mini-DV cassette can be browsed from a personal computer without the need to hook up the computer to a digital video camera or player. - In
step 321, the volume is added to a collection using an aggregation arrangement such as 200A ofFIG. 3A , 200B ofFIG. 3B or 200C ofFIG. 3C . The volume chips 118 of allvolumes 110 can then be placed in communication simultaneously withcatalog browser 180 anduser command generator 166. - Optionally, in
step 323, adisplay 186 positioned on or near each volume in the collection shows the volume title. Instep 325, the collection is connected to acatalog browser 180 anduser command generator 166 to allow a user to browse the collection catalog by accessing thevolume chips 118 of allvolumes 110 of the collection. - In
step 329, the user can activateuser command generator 166 to enter user commands that define a processing request related to the content onstorage body 114. Exemplary user commands may be “view”, “copy”, “print 5 copies at 6×9 size”, “crop according to my simulated example and then print a single copy at 12×18 size”, etc. The user commands are recorded onto thevolume chips 118 of thevolumes 110 containing the respective contents. - In
step 333, a signal is transmitted to visibly change the indication unit on the selected storage volumes. Logic involume chip 118, inrack 182C or incatalog browser 180 activates the selection flags of the selected volumes (those that have received instep 329 user commands regarding their content pieces) of the collection. Instep 337, the user assisted by the selection flags removes the appropriate volumes from the aggregation arrangement and inserts them one by one into theappropriate content appliances 150. The user may separately connect tocontent appliance 150 the combination ofstorage body 114A andstorage shell 122A or the combination ofstorage body 114C andvolume chip 118C. Instep 341, the appropriate content pieces are processed (for example, accessed, viewed, copied, and/or printed) bycontent appliance 150 according to the processing requests defined by the user commands recorded intovolume chip 118 instep 329. -
FIG. 5 describes an offline cataloging procedure in accordance with a second embodiment, whereby the volume catalog made and recorded intovolume chip 118 is a catalog of content that has already been stored instorage body 114. This embodiment is similar to that ofFIG. 4 , but here storage volumes of the prior art are retrofitted in accordance with the present invention. Reference is also made toFIG. 1A . - Beginning with
step 311,storage body 114A already containing content data (for example, a conventional, user-recorded or commercially-recorded CD, DVD, VHS tape or magnetic mini-DV cassette) receives anew storage shell 122A that includesvolume chip 118. - The remaining steps, steps 317-341, are the same as in
FIG. 4 . Thus, an attribute of the configuration ofFIG. 1A is that it can lend itself for cataloging existing volumes of CDs, DVDs, magnetic tape cassettes and vinyl records. -
FIG. 6 teaches an alternate on-the-fly cataloging procedure, wherein the volume catalog is created and recorded concurrently with the recording of the content. Such procedure may be implemented when a catalog maker is integrated with a content recorder. Because the process requires simultaneous connection of a content recorder with both a storage body and a volume chip, the configuration ofFIG. 1B is more suitable, although that ofFIG. 1A is also possible by connectingstorage shell 122A to an external interface of content recorder 160 (which can be more practical wherecontent recorder 160 is a personal computer and less practical if it is a video camera). - In
step 301, an amount of content is acquired bycontent recorder 160, for example, a folder of digital photos is accessed on the hard disk by a personal computer, or footage is taken by a video camera. Instep 309, the content acquired instep 301 is copied intostorage body 114, while in a substantially-concurrent step 313,catalog maker 170 extracts from that content the respective samples and records them as a catalog intovolume chip 118.Steps step 315, either the current capacity ofstorage body 114 is exhausted or the user elects to stop recording and removevolume 110 fromcontent recorder 160. The remaining steps (steps 315-341) are as described above with respect toFIG. 4 andFIG. 5 . It will be noted that the creation of the catalog (steps 309) and concurrent recording of the content (step 313) are to be understood in the broadest sense, meaning that the content is recorded intostorage body 114 and the catalog is recorded intovolume chip 118 within the same work session. - Commercial content includes mass-produced, prerecorded CDs, DVDs, magnetic tapes, flash disks and vinyl records that store music, movies, audio books, digital books, artwork pictures, software, graphics, fonts etc. A user may be willing to add such content to his or her collection or even establish a collection composed solely of commercial content. The present invention offers a variety of cataloging options for commercial content. The desired cataloging option depends on the nature of the content, the cooperation of the provider with the provisions of the present invention, and on the preferences of the user that owns the content. The exemplary embodiments described below cover a variety of situations that are answered by different solutions.
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FIG. 7 describessystem 400 that is a variation ofsystem 100 ofFIG. 1 .Storage body 114Z contains commercially prepared content, which is similar tostorage body 114 ofFIG. 1 , with optionally a manufacturer-complied volume catalog prepared by the manufacturer to be copied by a user tovolume chip 118Z.Volume chip 118Z is similar tovolume chip 118 ofFIG. 1 , with optionally a unique edition ID that identifies the content of a mass-producedvolume 110Z to associate it with a respective volume catalog that is stored in a remote database accessible via a communication network, for example the Internet or a mobile telephony data network. -
Content appliance 150Z,content recorder 160Z, user command generator 166Z,catalog maker 170Z and catalog browser 18OZ are similar to their counterparts ofFIG. 1 , with the addition of connectivity to adatabase 420 vianetwork 410.Network 410 is a communication network, such as the Internet or mobile data network, to any ofcontent appliance 150Z,content recorder 160Z, user command generator 166Z,catalog maker 170Z andcatalog browser 180Z todatabase 420.Database 420 contains catalog information of commercially-produced content, provided by the manufacturers of such content or by third parties such as user groups. An examples of a content catalog for commercial CDs is CDDB™ (CD DataBase), which is an on online music database service available from Gracenote Corp., Emeryville, Calif. -
FIG. 8 describes several alternative embodiments for recording the content ofvolume chip 118Z when the content stored instorage body 114Z is commercially-produced. The presentation is made by describing sixvariations 317A-F ofstep 317 ofFIG. 4 . -
Variation 317A treats the commercial content instorage body 114Z as any other previously recorded content, and employscatalog maker 170Z to read the content ofstorage body 114Z, compile a catalog therefore, and store the catalog involume chip 118Z. Thus,variation 317A has actually been described in the process ofFIG. 4 ; however, often commercially-manufactured volumes contain extra useful data for a richer catalog than their user-made counterparts. Undervariation 317B,catalog maker 170Z is located on the site of the commercial content provider, which compiles the catalog once for each content edition, and then stores a copy of the catalog involume chip 118Z. Undervariation 317C, a catalog is prepared by the provider and added tostorage body 114Z; however, becausestorage body 114Z is inaccessible to the respective aggregation arrangement, the user operates acatalog maker 170Z to copy the catalog fromstorage body 114Z tovolume chip 118Z. In thevariation 317C, unlike thevariation 317A, in most cases the manufacturer has access to more bibliographic information than can be extracted by acatalog maker 170Z from the content pieces stored instorage body 114Z. - In variation 317D, the catalog of a commercial volume is stored in a
remote database 420 by the content provider or by a third party, and is then downloaded by a user ofcatalog browser 180Z and stored involume chip 118Z; the commercial volume is identified for locating the appropriate entry indatabase 420 by methods known in the art for volume identification by reviewing the table of content ofcommercial storage body 114Z. - Variation 317E is to be combined with any of
variations 317B-C to add user inputs to manufacturer-provided catalogs. Two examples for such user inputs are user comments or keywords, and a user instruction to catalogmaker 170Z to add ten-second music samples extracted from the beginning each content piece stored instorage body 114Z, to each catalog entry stored involume chip 118Z. -
Variation 317F is aimed at using avolume chip 118Z of minimal capacity that initially contains just the unique identity of the edition ofcommercial volume 110Z. Instead of storing the user and/or provider catalog onvolume chip 118Z,variation 317F relies upon network connectivity ofcontent appliance 150Z andcatalog browser 180Z, thus providing the user with a similar experience as in the case where the catalog is stored withinvolume chip 118Z, while the actual catalog content is retrieved in real-time fromdatabase 420. User instructions are recorded in-volume chip 118Z as before. - While the invention has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, it will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by what has been particularly shown and described hereinabove. Rather, the scope of the present invention includes both combinations and sub-combinations of the various features discussed, as well as variations and modifications which would occur to persons skilled in the art.
Claims (33)
1. A system for manipulating digital content, the system comprising:
(a) a storage volume including:
(i) a non-volatile primary storage device configured to store the digital content; and
(ii) a non-volatile secondary storage device configured to store user commands, said primary and secondary storage devices being distinct hardware elements; and
(b) one or more appliances configured to communicate with said storage volume, said one or more appliances collectively configured:
(i) to record, on said secondary storage device, a user command defining a processing request regarding the digital content; and
(ii) to read, from said secondary storage device, said user command and to initiate processing of the digital content according to said processing request.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein said primary storage device includes an optical disk.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein said primary storage device includes a magnetic disk.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein said primary storage device includes a solid-state disk.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein said secondary storage device is attached to said primary storage device.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein said storage volume further includes:
(iii) a storage shell configured to accommodate said primary storage device, wherein said secondary storage device is attached to said storage shell.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein said storage volume further includes:
(iii) a storage shell configured to accommodate said primary storage device,
wherein said secondary storage device is reversibly attachable to one of said primary storage device and said storage shell.
8. The system of claim 6 further comprising:
(d) an indication unit attached to said storage shell, said indication unit operative to visibly change in response to a signal transmitted to said storage volume.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein said indication unit includes a light emitting diode display.
10. The system of claim 8 , wherein said indication unit includes a bi-stable display.
11. The system of claim 8 , wherein said indication unit includes a liquid crystal display.
12. The system of claim 1 , wherein said storage volume further includes circuitry for wireless communication for said communication with said one or more appliances.
13. The system of claim 1 , wherein said storage volume further includes circuitry for wired communication for said communication with said one or more appliances.
14. The system of claim 1 further comprising:
(c) a rack including:
(i) a plurality of receptacles each configured to accommodate said storage volume; and
(ii) circuitry attached to each of said plurality of receptacles, said circuitry configured to communicate between at least one of said one or more appliances and said storage volume.
15. The system of claim 14 further comprising:
(d) a plurality of indication units, each of said indication unit placed next to a corresponding receptacle, said indication unit operative to visibly change in response to a signal sent to said storage volume accommodated in said corresponding receptacle.
16. The system of claim 1 , wherein one of said one or more appliances is further configured to create a volume catalog of the digital content and to record said volume catalog onto said secondary storage device.
17. The system of claim 1 , wherein said secondary storage device is configured to receive a volume catalog from one of said one or more appliances and to store said volume catalog.
18. The system of claim 1 , wherein said one or more appliances are embodied as a single appliance.
19. The system of claim 1 , wherein said one or more appliances are embodied as two distinct appliances, one of said appliances configured to record said user command on said secondary storage device and the other of said appliances configured to read said user command from said secondary storage device.
20. The system of claim 19 , wherein said appliance configured to record said user command is further configured to create a volume catalog of the digital content.
21. The system of claim 20 , wherein said secondary storage device is configured to store said volume catalog.
22. The system of claim 1 , wherein said secondary storage device is embedded within an electronic chip.
23. A casing connectable to a content appliance, the casing comprising:
(a) a storage shell configured to accommodate exactly one optical disk;
(b) a non-volatile storage device attached to said storage shell; and
(c) a communication interface configured to communicate between said storage device and the content appliance.
24. The casing of claim 23 , wherein said communication interface is wireless.
25. The casing of claim 23 , wherein said communication interface is wired.
26. The casing of claim 23 further comprising:
(d) an indication unit attached to said storage shell, said indication unit operative to visibly change in response to a signal received from the content appliance.
27. The casing of claim 26 , wherein said indication unit includes a light emitting diode display.
28. The casing of claim 26 , wherein said indication unit includes a bi-stable display.
29. The casing of claim 26 , wherein said indication unit includes a liquid crystal display.
30. A method of operating a content appliance to interact with a storage volume, the storage volume having a primary storage device storing digital content and a secondary storage device, the primary and secondary storage devices being distinct hardware elements, the method comprising:
(a) sending to the storage volume a user command defining a processing request related to the digital content stored in the primary storage unit; and
(b) storing said user command in the secondary storage device.
31. The method of claim 30 further comprising:
(c) processing the digital content according to said processing request.
32. The method of claim 30 further comprising:
(c) transmitting a signal to visibly change an indication unit on the storage volume.
33. The method of claim 30 further comprising:
(c) creating a volume catalog of the digital content and storing said volume catalog in said secondary user command.
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20080106580A (en) | 2008-12-08 |
WO2007113814A3 (en) | 2007-11-29 |
CN101449332B (en) | 2012-09-26 |
US9483208B2 (en) | 2016-11-01 |
WO2007113814A2 (en) | 2007-10-11 |
CN101449332A (en) | 2009-06-03 |
US20140115286A1 (en) | 2014-04-24 |
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