US20070144625A1 - Method and device for measuring the power dissipated by a hydridation reaction in tubes and tubular claddings and the corresponding variation in electric resistance - Google Patents

Method and device for measuring the power dissipated by a hydridation reaction in tubes and tubular claddings and the corresponding variation in electric resistance Download PDF

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Publication number
US20070144625A1
US20070144625A1 US11/501,664 US50166406A US2007144625A1 US 20070144625 A1 US20070144625 A1 US 20070144625A1 US 50166406 A US50166406 A US 50166406A US 2007144625 A1 US2007144625 A1 US 2007144625A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
hydridation
component
tubular
hydrogen
reaction
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Abandoned
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US11/501,664
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English (en)
Inventor
Jose Sacedon Adelantado
Marcos Diaz Munoz
Jose Moya Corral
Begona Remartinez Zato
Jaime Izquierdo Gomez
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas CSIC
Iberdrola Generacion SA
Original Assignee
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas CSIC
Iberdrola Generacion SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas CSIC, Iberdrola Generacion SA filed Critical Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas CSIC
Assigned to IBERDROLA GENERACION, CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTIFICAS reassignment IBERDROLA GENERACION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DIAZ MUNOZ, MARCOS, MOYA CORRAL, JOSE SERAFIN, SACEDON ADELANTADO, JOSE LUIS, IZQUIERDO GOMEZ, JAIME, REMARTINEZ ZATO, BEGONA
Publication of US20070144625A1 publication Critical patent/US20070144625A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
    • G01N27/041—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
    • G01N27/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of an electrically-heated body in dependence upon change of temperature
    • G01N27/16—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of an electrically-heated body in dependence upon change of temperature caused by burning or catalytic oxidation of surrounding material to be tested, e.g. of gas
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
    • G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
    • G01N25/48—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity on solution, sorption, or a chemical reaction not involving combustion or catalytic oxidation
    • G01N25/4846—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity on solution, sorption, or a chemical reaction not involving combustion or catalytic oxidation for a motionless, e.g. solid sample
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C17/00—Monitoring; Testing ; Maintaining
    • G21C17/06—Devices or arrangements for monitoring or testing fuel or fuel elements outside the reactor core, e.g. for burn-up, for contamination
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C21/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of reactors or parts thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

  • the present invention tackles the problem of providing new methods and tools for measuring the hydridation kinetics taking place in tubular components for industrial use.
  • the solution provided by this invention permits measurement of the hydridation kinetics in the actual tubular components, generally multi-layer, and under the same conditions of working temperature in which the hydridation of the component takes place, which is of particular economic relevance since it permits the design and choice of the appropriate composition of the different alloys used.
  • An optimisation of these components will be able to help prevent unplanned shutdowns of commercial reactors.
  • This possible improvement will also allow greater exploitation of the fuel by making it more robust, and a decrease in the mass of high-activity nuclear waste for the same amount of energy generated.
  • the dosage of radiation received by maintenance personnel and personnel having to perform operations in the exchange zone will be reduced.
  • the first object of this invention consists of a new method for measuring hydridation kinetics at different temperatures, in industrial components, wherein it consists of measuring: a) the power dissipated by the hydridation reaction, hereinafter referred to as the dissipated hydridation power (DHP), as a function of time, along with its integral as a function of time hereinafter referred to as the dissipated hydridation energy (DHE), and b) the variation in electric resistance during that reaction, and in particular during the stage of dissolution of hydrogen in the component preceding the precipitation of hydrides in the material;
  • DHP the power dissipated hydridation power
  • DHE dissipated hydridation energy
  • the second object of this invention consists of a device ( FIG. 4 ) for carrying out the aforementioned measurement method consisting of:
  • the third object of this invention consists of the use of the said method and device for making measurements of hydridation kinetics in industrial components of metallic elements, metal alloys and any other material with and without protective coverings, preferably tubular components such as tubes and tubular claddings for fuel in the cores of nuclear reactors.
  • the first object of this invention consists of a new method for measuring hydridation kinetics, herein after the inventive method, at different temperatures, in industrial components of metallic elements, metal alloys and any other material with and without protective coverings, wherein it consists of measuring:
  • the term “industrial components” refers to tubular components, with a wall consisting of a single element or with multi-layer wall, as are tubes and tubular claddings for fuel in the cores of nuclear reactors.
  • control of these industrial components by means of the inventive method will permit the design and choice of the suitable composition of the different alloys used for the manufacture of those components, thereby avoiding their fracture.
  • DHP dissipated hydridation power
  • the second object of this invention consists of a device ( FIG. 4 ), hereinafter the inventive device, for carrying out the inventive measurement method and which consists of:
  • the temperature in the interior of the component has to remain constant, for which a thermocouple and a temperature control system is used which acts on the current applied for heating the component (c).
  • the two electrodes are used arranged on the component (d)
  • the third object of this invention consists of the use of the inventive method and device for making measurements of hydridation kinetics in industrial components of metallic elements, metal alloys and any other material with and without protective coverings, preferably tubular components such as tubes and tubular claddings for fuel in the cores of nuclear reactors.
  • FIG. 1 Variation in electric resistance during the hydridation process. Following the variation in electric resistance owing to the increase in temperature, the first stage of growth, and once the temperature of the experiment has been reached, a sharp growth takes place, marked between the arrows, due to the dissolution of H in the metal, and the final maximum of this stage roughly coincides with the start of the precipitation of H in the form of hydrides.
  • FIG. 2 Variation in dissipated hydridation power. Once the temperature of the experiment has been reached, the DHP remains constant for a short interval, the incubation time, during which the H is dissolved without precipitating. Once that period has passed coinciding with the growth of electric resistance, the DHP grows rapidly, corresponding to the start of precipitation of H in the form of hydrides in the material.
  • FIG. 3 Variation in dissipated hydridation energy. This corresponds to the integral of FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 4 Diagram of the hydridation kinetics measurement device. This shows the position of the electrodes used for measuring the voltage drop in the tube.
  • a method for measuring the dissipated power and the electric resistance and thereby obtain the hydridation kinetics in tubes or tubular claddings is embodied as stated below.
  • a nuclear fuel cladding of Zircaloy 2 is inserted in a high or ultra-high vacuum chamber; hydrogen or mixtures of hydrogen with other gas(es) is made to circulate via the interior of the tube at a pressure of 1 atmosphere and a renewal stream of 200 cm 3 per minute.
  • the partial pressure in the vacuum zone is 10 ⁇ 9 Torr owing to the permeation of hydrogen through the walls of the cladding.
  • the cladding is heated by the Joule effect and the temperature in the centre of the cladding is monitored and kept constant at 360° C. (or other pre-established value) with a thermocouple and a temperature control system which acts on the current being applied in order to heat the cladding, the amount of current needed in order to maintain a constant temperature of 360° C.
  • thermocouple located on both sides of the thermocouple, provide a measurement of the voltage drop in the cladding during the hydridation reaction. Together with the measurement of the current applied, this permits us to obtain the value of the power necessary for keeping the temperature constant, and to measure the electric resistance of the cladding.
  • the electric resistance can grow up to 3% ( FIG. 1 ), though this variation can be less if the cladding previously contains a quantity of hydrogen, and no major changes are observed in the power necessary for keeping the temperature constant.
  • the heat of reaction means that the power necessary for keeping the temperature constant decreases, the difference in which gives us the value of DHP and, by integration, the dissipated hydridation energy or DHE.
  • the DHP is roughly proportional to the hydride precipitated per unit time and the DHE to the total quantity of precipitated hydride.
  • FIG. 1 shows the variation curve of electric resistance, in which the first maximum corresponds to the end of the dissolution process of hydrogen and the final maximum corresponds to the end of the hydridation process.
  • FIG. 2 shows the DHP curve, in which the maximum indicates that the precipitation reaction is very rapid at the start of the process.
  • FIG. 3 corresponds to the DHE curve.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
US11/501,664 2004-02-09 2006-08-09 Method and device for measuring the power dissipated by a hydridation reaction in tubes and tubular claddings and the corresponding variation in electric resistance Abandoned US20070144625A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ESP200400294 2004-02-09
ES200400294A ES2238184B8 (es) 2004-02-09 2004-02-09 Procedimiento y dispositivo para medir la potencia disipada por la reaccion de hidruracion en tubos y vainas tubulares y la correspondiente variacion de resistencia electrica.
PCT/ES2005/070011 WO2005076286A1 (es) 2004-02-09 2005-02-01 Procedimiento y dispositivo para medir la potencia disipada por la reacción de hidruración en tubos y vainas tubulares y la correspondiente variación de resistencia eléctrica

Related Parent Applications (1)

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PCT/ES2005/070011 Continuation WO2005076286A1 (es) 2004-02-09 2005-02-01 Procedimiento y dispositivo para medir la potencia disipada por la reacción de hidruración en tubos y vainas tubulares y la correspondiente variación de resistencia eléctrica

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US11/501,664 Abandoned US20070144625A1 (en) 2004-02-09 2006-08-09 Method and device for measuring the power dissipated by a hydridation reaction in tubes and tubular claddings and the corresponding variation in electric resistance

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US (1) US20070144625A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1722375B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE382185T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602005004013D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2238184B8 (de)
WO (1) WO2005076286A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US20150312378A1 (en) * 2014-04-28 2015-10-29 Oracle International Corporation System and method for supporting a proxy model for across-domain messaging in a transactional middleware machine environment

Families Citing this family (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112086211B (zh) * 2020-09-15 2022-04-15 华北电力大学 用于模拟锆合金包壳二次氢脆现象的实验装置及实验方法

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US20030185333A1 (en) * 2000-09-15 2003-10-02 Sacedon Adelantado Jose Luis Procedure and device for measuring resistance to hydriding of tubes and tubular claddings
US20050117808A1 (en) * 2002-06-28 2005-06-02 Yutaka Sato Image processing apparatus and image processing method
US20060152636A1 (en) * 2003-10-20 2006-07-13 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Multimedia data recording apparatus, monitor system, and multimedia data recording method
US7127117B2 (en) * 2001-06-11 2006-10-24 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Image compression method and apparatus for suppressing quantization rate in particular region, image expansion method and apparatus therefor, and computer-readable storage medium storing program for the compression or expansion

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GB2138573B (en) * 1981-01-26 1985-05-22 Nat Res Dev Catalytic gas detection systems
US4533520A (en) * 1984-07-02 1985-08-06 Mine Safety Appliances Company Circuit for constant temperature operation of a catalytic combustible gas detector
JP2003303780A (ja) * 2002-04-11 2003-10-24 Ulvac Japan Ltd 触媒体の温度制御方法
AU2003240513B8 (en) * 2002-06-04 2008-04-17 Scott Technologies, Inc. Combustible-gas measuring instrument

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US5555511A (en) * 1993-10-28 1996-09-10 Nec Corporation Data processing system for picture coding processing
US6483875B1 (en) * 1997-06-19 2002-11-19 Sony Corporation Picture signal processing apparatus
US20030185333A1 (en) * 2000-09-15 2003-10-02 Sacedon Adelantado Jose Luis Procedure and device for measuring resistance to hydriding of tubes and tubular claddings
US7127117B2 (en) * 2001-06-11 2006-10-24 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Image compression method and apparatus for suppressing quantization rate in particular region, image expansion method and apparatus therefor, and computer-readable storage medium storing program for the compression or expansion
US20050117808A1 (en) * 2002-06-28 2005-06-02 Yutaka Sato Image processing apparatus and image processing method
US20060152636A1 (en) * 2003-10-20 2006-07-13 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Multimedia data recording apparatus, monitor system, and multimedia data recording method

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150312378A1 (en) * 2014-04-28 2015-10-29 Oracle International Corporation System and method for supporting a proxy model for across-domain messaging in a transactional middleware machine environment
US9723110B2 (en) * 2014-04-28 2017-08-01 Oracle International Corporation System and method for supporting a proxy model for across-domain messaging in a transactional middleware machine environment
US9749445B2 (en) 2014-04-28 2017-08-29 Oracle International Corporation System and method for updating service information for across-domain messaging in a transactional middleware machine environment
US10091333B2 (en) 2014-04-28 2018-10-02 Oracle International Corporation System and method for supporting a bypass-domain model for across-domain messaging in a transactional middleware machine environment

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2238184B8 (es) 2014-06-05
ES2238184B1 (es) 2006-11-16
WO2005076286A1 (es) 2005-08-18
ATE382185T1 (de) 2008-01-15
DE602005004013D1 (de) 2008-02-07
EP1722375A1 (de) 2006-11-15
ES2238184A1 (es) 2005-08-16
EP1722375B1 (de) 2007-12-26

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Owner name: CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTIFICAS, S

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SACEDON ADELANTADO, JOSE LUIS;DIAZ MUNOZ, MARCOS;MOYA CORRAL, JOSE SERAFIN;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:018970/0612;SIGNING DATES FROM 20061212 TO 20061219

Owner name: IBERDROLA GENERACION, SPAIN

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SACEDON ADELANTADO, JOSE LUIS;DIAZ MUNOZ, MARCOS;MOYA CORRAL, JOSE SERAFIN;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:018970/0612;SIGNING DATES FROM 20061212 TO 20061219

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

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