US20070132465A1 - Probe station comprising a bellows with emi shielding capabilities - Google Patents

Probe station comprising a bellows with emi shielding capabilities Download PDF

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Publication number
US20070132465A1
US20070132465A1 US11/299,487 US29948705A US2007132465A1 US 20070132465 A1 US20070132465 A1 US 20070132465A1 US 29948705 A US29948705 A US 29948705A US 2007132465 A1 US2007132465 A1 US 2007132465A1
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Prior art keywords
probe
elastic bellows
station
probe station
housing
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Granted
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US11/299,487
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US7235990B1 (en
Inventor
Stefan Kreissig
Joerg Kiesewetter
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FormFactor Inc
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SUSS MicroTec Test Systems GmbH
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Priority to US11/299,487 priority Critical patent/US7235990B1/en
Application filed by SUSS MicroTec Test Systems GmbH filed Critical SUSS MicroTec Test Systems GmbH
Assigned to SUSS MICROTEC TEST SYSTEMS GMBH reassignment SUSS MICROTEC TEST SYSTEMS GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: RUNGE, DIETMAR, GRAUER, STEFFEN, HIRSCHFELD, BOTHO, KREISSIG, STEFAN, ROTTKA, MATTHIAS, BEIER, UWE, KIESEWETTER, JOERG
Assigned to SUSS MICROTEC TEST SYSTEMS GMBH reassignment SUSS MICROTEC TEST SYSTEMS GMBH CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE PROPERTY NUMBER FROM 11/314,624 TO 11/299,487 AND THE DOCKET NUMBER FROM 2642.022 TO 2642.021 PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 017179 FRAME 0181. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT OF ENTIRE INTEREST.. Assignors: KIESEWETTER, JOERG, KREISSIG, STEFAN
Publication of US20070132465A1 publication Critical patent/US20070132465A1/en
Publication of US7235990B1 publication Critical patent/US7235990B1/en
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Assigned to CASCADE MICROTECH, INC. reassignment CASCADE MICROTECH, INC. MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SUSS MICROTEC TEST SYSTEMS GMBH
Assigned to HSBC BANK USA, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION reassignment HSBC BANK USA, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION SECURITY INTEREST IN UNITED STATES PATENTS AND TRADEMARKS Assignors: Astria Semiconductor Holdings, Inc., CASCADE MICROTECH, INC., FORMFACTOR, INC., MICRO-PROBE INCORPORATED
Assigned to FORMFACTOR BEAVERTON, INC. reassignment FORMFACTOR BEAVERTON, INC. CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CASCADE MICROTECH, INC.
Assigned to FORMFACTOR, INC. reassignment FORMFACTOR, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FORMFACTOR BEAVERTON, INC.
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/28Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
    • G01R31/2851Testing of integrated circuits [IC]
    • G01R31/2886Features relating to contacting the IC under test, e.g. probe heads; chucks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a probe station adapted for low current and low voltage measurements in testing semiconductor wafers or other electronic devices. More particularly, the invention relates to a probe station with EMI shielding capabilities.
  • EMI means electromagnetic interference
  • EMC electromagnetic compatibility, i.e. a state of a device wherein the device is neither a source of nor influenced by EMI.
  • Such probe stations usually comprise a housing wherein a chuck for supporting a substrate, e.g. a semiconductor wafer, is installed.
  • the chuck may be fixed relative to the housing or be supported movably by means of a first positioning mechanism.
  • the housing has at least one aperture through which a first portion of the probe or probes extend in order to make contact to the substrate for testing purposes such that a first portion of the probe projects into the housing of the probe station.
  • the probe itself is supported by a probe support which is arranged near the housing such that a second portion of the probe remains outside the housing of the probe station.
  • the probe support may be fixed relative to the housing or be supported movably by means of a second positioning mechanism.
  • the chuck or the probe or both may be movable relative to the housing in the X and/or Y and/or Z directions.
  • the chuck or the probe or both may be rotatable relative to the housing about an axis, i.e. have a rotational degree of freedom.
  • the housing comprises a cap or a similar covering structure with EMI shielding properties which covers an opening in a top wall of the housing.
  • the probe support is arranged near the covering structure of the housing and the apertures through which the probe or probes extend are provided in the covering structure.
  • the aperture or apertures are surrounded by an elastic gasket which can be made, for instance, of resilient foam.
  • the foam must be electrically conductive for the gasket to have EMI shielding properties.
  • the gasket is a sheet of such foam with a vertical slit which is self-closing, thus purportedly surrounding the probe snugly when it is inserted.
  • a probe station wherein the environment, i.e. the surrounding area, of the chuck is shielded from EMI by means of an electrically conductive flexible wall assembly containing flexibly extensible and retractable pleated wall elements.
  • the wall elements are arranged in a manner which allows for a free movement of the chuck in X and Y directions.
  • the assembly is mechanically complex and, therefore, expensive.
  • the proposed solution holds a danger of slot antennas forming in the proximity of the edges of the wall elements.
  • an object of the present invention to describe a probe station which overcomes the above mentioned drawbacks of the prior art.
  • a probe station which comprises a housing having at least one aperture through which a probe can extend, a chuck for supporting a test device, the chuck being arranged inside the housing, at least one probe support for supporting a probe, the probe support being arranged relative to the housing such that a first portion of the probe extends into the housing through one of said apertures, at least one positioning mechanism enabling at least one of said probe and said chuck to move relative to the other, and is characterized in that at least one electrically conductive, elastic bellows is attached to the edge of an aperture which provides a variable passage for the probe.
  • An elastic bellows shall mean a one-piece elastic member which is shaped so as to be attachable to the edge of an aperture and is deformable in such a way as to alter its length and/or direction and which provides a variable passageway for an elongate item such as a probe, thus allowing for spatial displacement of said elongate item.
  • the elastic bellows may constitute a closed passageway between the probe support and the aperture of the housing which is arranged so as to create a channel which encloses the second portion of the probe (i.e., the portion which remains outside the housing) entirely and shields this portion of the probe from EMI.
  • the elastic bellows is typically of substantially tubular shape, entirely enclosing the second portion of the probe in the space between the probe support and the aperture.
  • the elastic bellows may also be designed so as to enclose only a part of the second portion of probe in the space between the probe support and the aperture.
  • the elastic bellows is typically of substantially conical shape, the apex of the cone having an opening which closely surrounds the probe.
  • the elastic bellows may be designed so as to be a substantially flat, plate-like membrane, having an opening which closely surrounds the probe.
  • the elastic bellows becomes a part of the wall of the housing and does not enclose the second portion of the probe at all. However, it still enables intrusion of the first portion of the probe into the housing.
  • the probe station of the invention may further comprise any of the characteristics and features described hereinafter in any combination, without limitation, to improve performance and reduce manufacturing cost.
  • the elastic bellows can advantageously be pleated, i.e. it may have pleats, wrinkles, folds or other forms of alternating ridges and grooves. This allows for easier compensation of movements of the probe caused by a positioning mechanism.
  • the elastic bellows is made of an elastic material in order to allow for displacement of the probe and to support compensation of probe movements.
  • the elastic material may be a metal, a silicone graphite compound or a rubber graphite compound.
  • the graphite in such compounds provides for electric conductivity of the bellows which is necessary to confer EMI shielding capability to the bellows.
  • the elastic bellows may be made of an electrically conductive, e.g. a metal, or an insulating material, e.g. a polymer, which is coated with one or more layers of metal, as for instance Copper or Aluminum.
  • an electrically conductive e.g. a metal
  • an insulating material e.g. a polymer
  • Such coatings can be obtained through several known thin film technologies, as for instance sputtering.
  • the metal coating consists of at least two layers of different metals. It is beneficial to cover the metal coating with a protective layer, preferably a layer of elastic material.
  • the elastic bellows can also be made of a composite material containing an electrically conductive, textile core embedded in an elastic material.
  • the textile core is favorably a metal plated fabric of synthetic fibers.
  • FIGURE is a sectional front view of the probe station according to the present invention.
  • an exemplary embodiment of the probe station of the present invention comprises a housing 1 having an aperture 5 through which a probe 7 extends.
  • the aperture 5 is arranged in a covering structure 4 covering an opening 3 in a top wall 2 of the housing 1 .
  • the probe 7 is supported by a probe support 8 which is arranged in close proximity to the covering structure 4 so that the first portion of the probe 7 extends into the housing 1 through the aperture 5 .
  • Inside the housing 1 there is arranged a chuck 6 for supporting a test device (not shown). Two independent positioning mechanisms (not shown) enable both the probe 7 and the chuck 6 to move relative to the other.
  • An electrically conductive elastic bellows 9 extends between the position where it is fixed to the outside portion of the probe 7 and the aperture 5 of the housing 1 such that the elastic bellows 9 is in close contact with the probe 7 .
  • the elastic bellows 9 is of substantially conical shape, the apex of the cone having an opening which closely surrounds the probe 7 .
  • the elastic bellows 9 encloses the second portion of the probe 7 partially in the space between probe support 8 and aperture 5 .
  • the channel thus created shields the enclosed part of the probe 7 from EMI.
  • the first portion of the probe 7 which carries the probe tip, projects through the aperture 5 and into the housing 1 , which provides EMI shielding for this portion.
  • the elastic bellows 9 is made of elastic material and is pleated. This allows for the compensation of movements of the probe 7 caused by a positioning mechanism.
  • the elastic material of the elastic bellows 9 is metal coated silicone, the metal of the coating being Copper. The metal coating is obtained in a sputtering process and is covered by a protective layer of silicone.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Leads Or Probes (AREA)
  • Testing Or Measuring Of Semiconductors Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

A probe station allows for effective EMI shielding of the passage of the probe through the wall of the housing of such probe station. The probe is freely movable in the X, Y and Z directions. The probe station comprises a housing having at least one aperture through which a probe can extend, a chuck for supporting a test device, the chuck being arranged inside the housing, at least one probe support for supporting a probe, the probe support being arranged relative to the housing such that a first portion of the probe extends into the housing through one of said apertures, at least one positioning mechanism enabling at least one of said probe and said chuck to move relative to the other, and is characterized in that at least one electrically conductive, elastic bellows is attached to the edge of an aperture which provides a variable passage for the probe.

Description

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention relates to a probe station adapted for low current and low voltage measurements in testing semiconductor wafers or other electronic devices. More particularly, the invention relates to a probe station with EMI shielding capabilities.
  • EMI, as used herein, means electromagnetic interference, while EMC means electromagnetic compatibility, i.e. a state of a device wherein the device is neither a source of nor influenced by EMI.
  • Such probe stations, as described for example in U.S. Pat. No. 6,492,822 to Cascade Microtech, Inc., usually comprise a housing wherein a chuck for supporting a substrate, e.g. a semiconductor wafer, is installed. The chuck may be fixed relative to the housing or be supported movably by means of a first positioning mechanism.
  • The housing has at least one aperture through which a first portion of the probe or probes extend in order to make contact to the substrate for testing purposes such that a first portion of the probe projects into the housing of the probe station. The probe itself is supported by a probe support which is arranged near the housing such that a second portion of the probe remains outside the housing of the probe station. The probe support may be fixed relative to the housing or be supported movably by means of a second positioning mechanism. Thus, either the chuck or the probe or both may be movable relative to the housing in the X and/or Y and/or Z directions. Additionally, the chuck or the probe or both may be rotatable relative to the housing about an axis, i.e. have a rotational degree of freedom.
  • In an alternative design of probe stations known in the art, the housing comprises a cap or a similar covering structure with EMI shielding properties which covers an opening in a top wall of the housing. In this case, the probe support is arranged near the covering structure of the housing and the apertures through which the probe or probes extend are provided in the covering structure.
  • The aperture or apertures are surrounded by an elastic gasket which can be made, for instance, of resilient foam. The foam must be electrically conductive for the gasket to have EMI shielding properties. In U.S. Pat. No. 6,492,822, the gasket is a sheet of such foam with a vertical slit which is self-closing, thus purportedly surrounding the probe snugly when it is inserted.
  • However, it has been found that, due to the lateral spreading of the slit by the probe permeating it, slot antennas which jeopardize effective EMI shielding may form around the probe. Moreover, movements of the probe in the X and Y directions are prevented while movements in the Z direction, i.e. vertical movements, are at least impeded due to the friction between the slit and the probe.
  • In US 2003/0038622 A1 (Peters et al.), a probe station is disclosed wherein the environment, i.e. the surrounding area, of the chuck is shielded from EMI by means of an electrically conductive flexible wall assembly containing flexibly extensible and retractable pleated wall elements. The wall elements are arranged in a manner which allows for a free movement of the chuck in X and Y directions. The assembly is mechanically complex and, therefore, expensive. Furthermore, the proposed solution holds a danger of slot antennas forming in the proximity of the edges of the wall elements.
  • It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to describe a probe station which overcomes the above mentioned drawbacks of the prior art. In particular, it is an object of the invention to provide a probe station which allows for effective EMI shielding of the passage between the probe support and the housing of such probe station through which the probe extends. It is another object of the invention to provide a probe station wherein the probe is entirely encapsulated in EMI shielding structures in order to improve the electromagnetic compatibility of the probe station. It is yet another object of the invention to disclose a probe station wherein the probe is freely movable in the X, Y and Z directions.
  • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention solves the problems mentioned above by providing a probe station which comprises a housing having at least one aperture through which a probe can extend, a chuck for supporting a test device, the chuck being arranged inside the housing, at least one probe support for supporting a probe, the probe support being arranged relative to the housing such that a first portion of the probe extends into the housing through one of said apertures, at least one positioning mechanism enabling at least one of said probe and said chuck to move relative to the other, and is characterized in that at least one electrically conductive, elastic bellows is attached to the edge of an aperture which provides a variable passage for the probe.
  • An elastic bellows, as used herein, shall mean a one-piece elastic member which is shaped so as to be attachable to the edge of an aperture and is deformable in such a way as to alter its length and/or direction and which provides a variable passageway for an elongate item such as a probe, thus allowing for spatial displacement of said elongate item.
  • The elastic bellows may constitute a closed passageway between the probe support and the aperture of the housing which is arranged so as to create a channel which encloses the second portion of the probe (i.e., the portion which remains outside the housing) entirely and shields this portion of the probe from EMI. To this end, the elastic bellows is typically of substantially tubular shape, entirely enclosing the second portion of the probe in the space between the probe support and the aperture.
  • The elastic bellows may also be designed so as to enclose only a part of the second portion of probe in the space between the probe support and the aperture. To this end, the elastic bellows is typically of substantially conical shape, the apex of the cone having an opening which closely surrounds the probe.
  • Alternatively, the elastic bellows may be designed so as to be a substantially flat, plate-like membrane, having an opening which closely surrounds the probe. In this case, the elastic bellows becomes a part of the wall of the housing and does not enclose the second portion of the probe at all. However, it still enables intrusion of the first portion of the probe into the housing.
  • The probe station of the invention may further comprise any of the characteristics and features described hereinafter in any combination, without limitation, to improve performance and reduce manufacturing cost.
  • The elastic bellows can advantageously be pleated, i.e. it may have pleats, wrinkles, folds or other forms of alternating ridges and grooves. This allows for easier compensation of movements of the probe caused by a positioning mechanism.
  • The elastic bellows is made of an elastic material in order to allow for displacement of the probe and to support compensation of probe movements. For example, the elastic material may be a metal, a silicone graphite compound or a rubber graphite compound. The graphite in such compounds provides for electric conductivity of the bellows which is necessary to confer EMI shielding capability to the bellows.
  • Alternatively, the elastic bellows may be made of an electrically conductive, e.g. a metal, or an insulating material, e.g. a polymer, which is coated with one or more layers of metal, as for instance Copper or Aluminum. Such coatings can be obtained through several known thin film technologies, as for instance sputtering. Favorably, the metal coating consists of at least two layers of different metals. It is beneficial to cover the metal coating with a protective layer, preferably a layer of elastic material.
  • The elastic bellows can also be made of a composite material containing an electrically conductive, textile core embedded in an elastic material. In this case, the textile core is favorably a metal plated fabric of synthetic fibers.
  • Best results in terms of EMI shielding can be achieved if the elastic bellows is electrically connected to the housing and/or the probe or the probe support, respectively.
  • The foregoing objectives, features and advantages of the invention will be more readily understood upon consideration of the following detailed description of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
  • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • The only FIGURE is a sectional front view of the probe station according to the present invention.
  • DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
  • With reference to the FIGURE, an exemplary embodiment of the probe station of the present invention comprises a housing 1 having an aperture 5 through which a probe 7 extends. The aperture 5 is arranged in a covering structure 4 covering an opening 3 in a top wall 2 of the housing 1. The probe 7 is supported by a probe support 8 which is arranged in close proximity to the covering structure 4 so that the first portion of the probe 7 extends into the housing 1 through the aperture 5. Inside the housing 1 there is arranged a chuck 6 for supporting a test device (not shown). Two independent positioning mechanisms (not shown) enable both the probe 7 and the chuck 6 to move relative to the other.
  • An electrically conductive elastic bellows 9 extends between the position where it is fixed to the outside portion of the probe 7 and the aperture 5 of the housing 1 such that the elastic bellows 9 is in close contact with the probe 7. The elastic bellows 9 is of substantially conical shape, the apex of the cone having an opening which closely surrounds the probe 7. The elastic bellows 9 encloses the second portion of the probe 7 partially in the space between probe support 8 and aperture 5. The channel thus created shields the enclosed part of the probe 7 from EMI. The first portion of the probe 7, which carries the probe tip, projects through the aperture 5 and into the housing 1, which provides EMI shielding for this portion.
  • The elastic bellows 9 is made of elastic material and is pleated. This allows for the compensation of movements of the probe 7 caused by a positioning mechanism. In the preferred embodiment, the elastic material of the elastic bellows 9 is metal coated silicone, the metal of the coating being Copper. The metal coating is obtained in a sputtering process and is covered by a protective layer of silicone.

Claims (18)

1. A probe station comprising:
(a) a probe:
(b) a housing having an opening in a top wall of the housing through which the probe extends;
(c) a covering structure covering the opening and having an aperture through which the probe extends;
(d) a chuck for supporting a test device, the chuck being arranged inside the housing;
(e) a probe support for supporting the probe, the probe support being arranged external to the covering structure such that a first portion of the probe extends into the covering structure through said aperture;
(f) a positioning mechanism enabling at least one of said probe and said chuck to move relative to the other; and
(g) an electrically conductive, elastic bellows, the elastic bellows being attached to an edge of the aperture and the bellows providing an EMI shielded variable passage for the probe.
2. The probe station of claim 1 wherein the probe is entirely enclosed by the elastic bellows in the space between the probe support and the aperture.
3. The probe station of claim 2 wherein the elastic bellows is of substantially tubular shape, entirely enclosing a second portion of the probe in the space between the probe support and the aperture.
4. The probe station of claim 1 wherein the probe is partially enclosed by the elastic bellows in the space between the probe support and the aperture.
5. The probe station of claim 4 wherein the elastic bellows is of substantially conical shape, an apex of the cone having an opening which closely surrounds the probe.
6. The probe station of claim 1 wherein the elastic bellows is a substantially flat, plate-like membrane, having an opening which closely surrounds the probe.
7. The probe station of claim 1 wherein the elastic bellows is pleated.
8. The probe station of claim 1 wherein a material of the elastic bellows is a metal.
9. The probe station of claim 1 wherein a material of the elastic bellows is a silicone graphite compound.
10. The probe station of claim 1 wherein a material of the elastic bellows is a rubber graphite compound.
11. The probe station of claim 1 wherein the elastic bellows has a metal coating.
12. The probe station of claim 1 wherein the elastic bellows has a metal coating which comprises at least two layers of different metals.
13. The probe station of claim 1 wherein the elastic bellows has a metal coating which is covered by a protective layer of elastic material.
14. The probe station of claim 1 wherein the elastic bellows is made of a composite material containing an electrically conductive, textile core embedded in an elastic material.
15. The probe station of claim 1 wherein the elastic bellows is made of a composite material containing an electrically conductive, textile core embedded in an elastic material and the textile core is a metal plated fabric of synthetic fibers.
16. The probe station of claim 1 wherein the elastic bellows is electrically connected to the housing.
17. The probe station of claim 1 wherein the elastic bellows is electrically connected to the probe.
18. The probe station of claim 1 wherein the elastic bellows is electrically connected to the probe support.
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Cited By (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150047935A1 (en) * 2012-07-02 2015-02-19 Honeywell International Inc. Vibration isolator assemblies and methods for the manufacture thereof
US9562616B2 (en) 2013-01-15 2017-02-07 Honeywell International Inc. Spring assemblies for use in gas turbine engines and methods for their manufacture
WO2017123397A1 (en) 2016-01-15 2017-07-20 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Shielded probe systems
US10877070B2 (en) 2018-01-19 2020-12-29 Formfactor Beaverton, Inc. Probes with fiducial targets, probe systems including the same, and associated methods
US11927603B2 (en) 2021-10-20 2024-03-12 Formfactor, Inc. Probes that define retroreflectors, probe systems that include the probes, and methods of utilizing the probes

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US8278951B2 (en) * 2006-11-17 2012-10-02 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Probe station for testing semiconductor substrates and comprising EMI shielding
DE102008048081B4 (en) * 2008-09-19 2015-06-18 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Method for testing electronic components of a repeating structure under defined thermal conditions
DE202010003817U1 (en) * 2010-03-18 2010-07-29 Cascade Microtech Dresden Gmbh Prober for on-water measurements under EMI shielding

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US6194907B1 (en) * 1998-12-17 2001-02-27 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Prober and electric evaluation method of semiconductor device
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US3126484A (en) * 1964-03-24 figure
US4115736A (en) * 1977-03-09 1978-09-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Probe station
US6492822B2 (en) * 1992-06-11 2002-12-10 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Wafer probe station for low-current measurements
US5559328A (en) * 1993-07-16 1996-09-24 Biotechnology Research And Development Corporation Small cavity analytical instruments
US5835997A (en) * 1995-03-28 1998-11-10 University Of South Florida Wafer shielding chamber for probe station
US5963027A (en) * 1997-06-06 1999-10-05 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Probe station having environment control chambers with orthogonally flexible lateral wall assembly
US6335627B1 (en) * 1998-04-13 2002-01-01 Intel Corporation Apparatus and method for testing an electronics package substrate
US6194907B1 (en) * 1998-12-17 2001-02-27 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Prober and electric evaluation method of semiconductor device
US6424141B1 (en) * 2000-07-13 2002-07-23 The Micromanipulator Company, Inc. Wafer probe station
US20050218887A1 (en) * 2002-05-31 2005-10-06 Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation Wear monitor for turbo-machine

Cited By (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150047935A1 (en) * 2012-07-02 2015-02-19 Honeywell International Inc. Vibration isolator assemblies and methods for the manufacture thereof
US10900537B2 (en) * 2012-07-02 2021-01-26 Honeywell International Inc. Vibration isolator assemblies and methods for the manufacture thereof
US9562616B2 (en) 2013-01-15 2017-02-07 Honeywell International Inc. Spring assemblies for use in gas turbine engines and methods for their manufacture
WO2017123397A1 (en) 2016-01-15 2017-07-20 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Shielded probe systems
JP2019502127A (en) * 2016-01-15 2019-01-24 カスケード マイクロテック インコーポレイテッドCascade Microtech,Incorporated Shield probe system
EP3403104A4 (en) * 2016-01-15 2019-09-18 Cascade Microtech, Inc. Shielded probe systems
US10877070B2 (en) 2018-01-19 2020-12-29 Formfactor Beaverton, Inc. Probes with fiducial targets, probe systems including the same, and associated methods
US11927603B2 (en) 2021-10-20 2024-03-12 Formfactor, Inc. Probes that define retroreflectors, probe systems that include the probes, and methods of utilizing the probes

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