US20070107446A1 - Superconducting magnet system with refrigerator for re-liquifying cryogenic fluid in a tubular conduit - Google Patents
Superconducting magnet system with refrigerator for re-liquifying cryogenic fluid in a tubular conduit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20070107446A1 US20070107446A1 US11/510,806 US51080606A US2007107446A1 US 20070107446 A1 US20070107446 A1 US 20070107446A1 US 51080606 A US51080606 A US 51080606A US 2007107446 A1 US2007107446 A1 US 2007107446A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- superconducting magnet
- magnet system
- refrigerator
- tubular conduit
- cryogenic fluid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000002105 tongue Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
- F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
- F17C3/08—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by vacuum spaces, e.g. Dewar flask
- F17C3/085—Cryostats
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/005—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for medium-size and small storage vessels not under pressure
- F17C13/006—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for medium-size and small storage vessels not under pressure for Dewar vessels or cryostats
- F17C13/007—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for medium-size and small storage vessels not under pressure for Dewar vessels or cryostats used for superconducting phenomena
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/10—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point with several cooling stages
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
- F25B9/145—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle pulse-tube cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
- H01F6/04—Cooling
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/05—Applications for industrial use
- F17C2270/0527—Superconductors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used
- F25B2309/1408—Pulse-tube cycles with pulse tube having U-turn or L-turn type geometrical arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/17—Re-condensers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D19/00—Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices or objects to be refrigerated, e.g. infrared detectors
- F25D19/006—Thermal coupling structure or interface
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
Definitions
- the invention concerns a superconducting magnet system with a superconducting magnet coil system which is disposed in a cryogenic fluid tank of a cryostat, and an exchangeable refrigerator which is operated in a vacuum container to re-liquify the cryogenic fluid that flows through a tubular conduit.
- Superconducting magnet coil systems are used to generate strong magnetic fields. However, the superconducting properties only establish themselves at low temperatures. For this reason, the magnet coil system must be cooled and is therefore disposed in the cryogenic fluid tank of a cryostat.
- the cryogenic fluid is mainly present in its liquid state, having a maximum temperature which corresponds to its boiling point. Due to unavoidable heat input into the cryostat, the cryogenic fluid must normally be regularly refilled. This process causes downtimes and incurs expense, since the system is disturbed by refilling. For this reason, refrigerators are implemented, which re-condense the gaseous cryogenic fluid.
- cryogenic fluid In order to reduce the temperature of the cryogenic fluid, cryogenic fluid is constantly pumped out of the cryogenic fluid tank. The pumped cryogenic fluid is thereby heated outside of the cryogenic fluid tank. The heated gaseous cryogenic fluid is returned to the cryogenic fluid tank. It is thereby guided into a tubular conduit which is cooled by the refrigerator. The gas is guided along the refrigerator via the tubular conduit, thereby optimally utilizing the cooling performance at all temperature levels. In order to maintain optimum cooling performance of the refrigerator, the refrigerator is disposed in a vacuum container. At the end of the tubular conduit, the cryogenic fluid is sufficiently cold to be re-liquified. The tubular conduit terminates in the cryogenic fluid tank, into which the liquified cryogenic drips.
- the tubular conduit of the magnet system described in Cryogenics 38 (1998), 337 to 341, is rigidly connected to the refrigerator.
- the tubular conduit extends in the cryogenic fluid tank and also in the vacuum container of the refrigerator.
- Exchange of the refrigerator simultaneously involves removal of the tubular conduit from an opening between the cryogenic fluid tank and the vacuum container, producing a leakage in the cryogenic fluid tank.
- the opening represents a weak point, since only detachable sealing mechanisms can be used between the opening and the tubular conduit. For this reason, expensive coolant can easily escape from the conventional magnet system.
- a superconducting magnet system of the above-mentioned type which is characterized in that the tubular conduit is rigidly installed in the cryostat.
- the tubular conduit is therefore not rigidly connected to the refrigerator as in prior art, but may remain in the cryostat in case the refrigerator fails.
- the opening for the tubular conduit between the vacuum tank of the refrigerator and the cryogenic fluid tank can be optimally sealed, since removal of the tubular conduit is obviated.
- the invention thereby permits, in particular, rigid weldings between the tubular conduit, the vacuum tank and the cryogenic fluid tank.
- the cryogenic fluid tank need not be opened to exchange the refrigerator.
- the tubular conduit can be easily kept sealed irrespective of the refrigerator.
- a shut-off valve may e.g. be used in a region of the tubular conduit which is at room temperature.
- the refrigerator has a first metallic coupling device which provides heat transfer from the tubular conduit to the region of the refrigerator to be cooled.
- the first coupling device improves thermal conduction between the refrigerator (or its region to be cooled) and the tubular conduit.
- the first coupling device may either directly contact the tubular conduit or one or more further heat-conducting components which, in turn, are thermally coupled to the tubular conduit.
- the first metallic coupling device comprises concentric, disc-like elements. Thermal insulation between the disc-like elements is facilitated to prevent thermal short-circuit along the refrigerator.
- one section of the disc-like elements has the shape of part of a slotted ring. This provides resilient contact which improves thermal conduction.
- the slotted shape also prevents occurrence of eddy currents due to induction.
- the tubular conduit has a second coupling device which permits heat transfer from the tubular conduit to the region of the refrigerator to be cooled.
- the second coupling device may either directly contact the refrigerator (or its region to be cooled) or one or more further heat-conducting components which, in turn, are thermally coupled to the refrigerator.
- a first coupling device and a second coupling device may be provided which contact each other.
- the second metallic coupling device has concentric annular elements.
- the annular elements can be easily thermally insulated to prevent thermal short-circuiting along the tubular conduit.
- the annular elements come in contact with disc-like elements of a first coupling device.
- the first and/or second metallic coupling device consists of copper or aluminium. These materials have good heat-conducting properties even at low temperatures.
- the tubular conduit is substantially helical.
- the helical shape provides a relatively large contact region, and the refrigerator need not be angularly aligned relative to the tubular conduit.
- the tubular conduit has several parallel, interconnected annular sections. This embodiment facilitates prevention of thermal short-circuits along the tubular conduit or the refrigerator, thereby still providing large contact regions.
- the annular sections may cooperate particularly well with annular elements and/or disc-like elements of a second or first coupling device.
- the tubular conduit has an inner diameter of between 2 mm and 8 mm. Such diameters have proven to be useful in practice, in particular, in view of flow and the danger of ice formation.
- the tubular conduit is produced from stainless steel.
- Stainless steel combines good mechanical stability and reduced heat conduction.
- the refrigerator is substantially rotationally symmetric in its region facing the tubular conduit. This facilitates assembly and disassembly of the refrigerator. Alignment about the longitudinal axis of the refrigerator, which regularly coincides with the input and output direction in the cryostat, is not required.
- a guidance is provided for installation and removal of the refrigerator.
- the guidance facilitates installation and removal and ensures an optimum contact position for thermal coupling between the tubular conduit and the refrigerator in the installed state.
- At least one rail is provided as guiding means.
- a rail is easy to handle and inexpensive to produce.
- the refrigerator is, alternatively or additionally, substantially conical in its region facing the tubular conduit or the first metallic coupling device is substantially conical, and the tubular conduit is substantially funnel-shaped in its region facing the refrigerator or the second metallic coupling device is substantially funnel-shaped. Funnel and cone cooperate well by defining a stop, providing a large contact surface for thermal coupling as well as mutual guidance.
- the vacuum container is formed from magnetic material. This shields the interior of the vacuum container, in particular, the refrigerator and large parts of the tubular conduit from magnetic fields.
- cryogenic fluid is helium. Helium can yield particularly low temperatures.
- cryogenic fluid is hydrogen, neon or nitrogen.
- the refrigerator is a pulse tube cooler. Pulse tube coolers have proven to be useful in practice.
- the refrigerator is a Gifford-McMahon cooler.
- the magnet system is a magnetic resonance apparatus.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic partial view of a cryostat for an inventive superconducting magnet system, wherein the tubular conduit has several parallel annular sections;
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic partial view of a cryostat for an inventive superconducting magnet system, wherein the tubular conduit is helical;
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of a refrigerator for an inventive superconducting magnet system, wherein the refrigerator comprises a first metallic coupling device which has several concentric disc-like elements;
- FIG. 4 shows a cross-section through a disc-like element of FIG. 3 , wherein the right-hand section of the disc-like element has the shape of part of a slotted ring.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows part of an inventive superconducting magnet system, i.e. the neck tube region of a cryostat 1 .
- the cryostat 1 has a cryogenic fluid tank 2 whose lower region contains liquid cryogenic fluid 2 a, i.e. helium.
- a superconducting magnet coil configuration (also not shown) is located in the region of the liquid cryogenic fluid 2 a.
- Gaseous cryogenic fluid (indicated by dots in FIG. 1 ) is located above the liquid cryogenic fluid 2 a.
- Cryogenic fluid is permanently pumped to reduce the temperature. The pumped cryogenic fluid is thereby heated outside of the cryogenic fluid tank 2 .
- the heated, gaseous cryogenic fluid is cooled and returned, in its liquified state, to the cryogenic fluid tank 2 via a tubular conduit 4 .
- a refrigerator 5 cools the cryogenic fluid.
- the refrigerator 5 has a first cooling stage 6 and a second, colder cooling stage 7 . These two cooling stages 6 , 7 are contained in a vacuum container 8 to thermally insulate them from the surroundings.
- the tubular conduit 4 is also located in the vacuum container, except for the inlet 9 and outlet 10 .
- the vacuum container 8 is evacuated at a pressure of at most 10 ⁇ 3 mbar or less during normal operation.
- the vacuum in the vacuum container 8 is produced by a pumping connection 16 .
- the cryogenic fluid to be liquified is supplied to the tubular conduit 4 via the inlet 9 .
- the tubular conduit 4 abuts the outer walls of the cooling stages 6 , 7 , i.e. the region of the refrigerator 5 to be cooled, thereby cooling the tubular conduit 4 .
- the cryogenic fluid thereby flows to the coldest part of the refrigerator 5 , i.e. the lower end of the second cooling stage 7 .
- the cryogenic fluid in the tubular conduit 4 is sufficiently cold to be liquified. It finally drips from the outlet 10 back into the cryogenic fluid tank 2 .
- the tubular conduit 4 is permanently installed in the cryostat 1 . It cannot be displaced in or removed from the cryostat 1 without interrupting operation of the cryostat 1 . The cryostat would have to be disassembled or even damaged to remove the tubular conduit.
- the tubular conduit 4 is mounted in the cryostat 1 using any conventional means, in particular, through screwing and welding.
- the tubular conduit 4 of FIG. 1 is rigidly connected to the cryostat 1 in three regions.
- the tubular conduit 4 is welded, along its entire periphery, to the wall of the vacuum container 8 at a passage opening 11 of the tubular conduit 4 between the vacuum container 8 and the cryogenic fluid tank 2 , i.e. in the region of the outlet 10 .
- Another welding is provided at the opening 12 between the tubular conduit 4 at the outer region of the cryostat 1 and the vacuum container 8 , i.e. in the region of the inlet 9 (use of an elastic seal would also be possible herein).
- the tubular conduit 4 is finally also rigidly connected to a support level 13 which, in turn, is rigidly connected to the wall of the vacuum container 8 and the wall of the neck tube of the cryostat 1 .
- the support level 13 also thermally couples a radiation shield (not shown) in the vacuum insulation of the cryostat 1 .
- the refrigerator 5 can be exchanged.
- the lower edge of the first cooling stage 6 is supported on the support level 13 .
- the refrigerator 5 can be removed in an upward direction from the cryostat 1 , in particular, from the vacuum container 8 and the tubular conduit 4 after releasing fixations (not shown). This breaks the vacuum in the vacuum container 8 , without causing leakage to the cryogenic fluid tank 2 .
- Either a repaired or a new refrigerator 5 can be inserted into the cryostat 1 .
- the cryogenic fluid tank 2 remains closed during complete exchange of the refrigerator 5 . Since the cryogenic fluid, that flows through the tubular conduit 4 during exchange of the refrigerator 5 , can temporarily not be cooled, the cryogenic fluid circuit should be interrupted to exchange the refrigerator.
- a shut-off valve can be used in the feed line 9 of the tubular conduit 4 (not shown).
- the tubular conduit 4 of the embodiment of FIG. 1 has several parallel annular sections 14 .
- the annular sections 14 extend in a horizontal plane, i.e. perpendicular to the axis of the refrigerator 5 .
- the annular sections 14 are connected to vertical connecting sections 15 .
- Each annular section 14 may have its own temperature level.
- the annular sections 14 may cooperate well with disc-like elements of a first metallic coupling device of the refrigerator 5 (not shown in FIG. 1 , see FIGS. 3 and 4 ) in that the annular sections 14 and the disc-like elements are at the same level in the mounted state of the refrigerator 5 , with their surfaces contacting each other.
- the tubular conduit 4 may be provided with a second metallic coupling device to improve thermal coupling between the tubular conduit 4 and the refrigerator 5 .
- each annular section 14 may, in particular, be surrounded by annular elements (not shown). The annular elements may, in turn, cooperate with disc-like elements of a first coupling device on the refrigerator 5 .
- the first and second coupling devices are divided into disc-like and annular elements, which prevents formation of thermal short-circuits which would disadvantageously increase the minimum achievable temperature on the refrigerator 5 .
- FIG. 2 also shows the neck tube region of a cryostat 1 of an inventive superconducting magnet system.
- the tubular conduit 21 therein is helical, i.e. is wound in a downward direction (in the direction of coolant flow) on the cooling stages 6 , 7 of the refrigerator 5 , and finally terminates in the cryogenic fluid tank 2 .
- FIG. 3 shows a refrigerator in accordance with the invention, which can be used in an inventive superconducting magnet system.
- the refrigerator 31 is provided with a first cooling stage 6 and a second cooling stage 7 .
- the refrigerator 31 has a first metallic coupling device 32 which comprises several disc-like elements 33 , 34 .
- These disc-like elements 33 , 34 surround the refrigerator 31 at certain locations in a plane perpendicular to its direction of extension or axis.
- the disc-like elements 33 , 34 each project past the respective diameter of the refrigerator 5 , such that the edges of the disc-like elements 33 , 34 can be easily contacted without touching the cooling stages 6 , 7 of the refrigerator 5 .
- the sides of the disc-like elements 33 , 34 are made from copper to increase thermal conduction.
- the disc-like elements 33 , 34 are separated from each other and are not connected, except for the respective cooling stage 6 , 7 .
- Each disc-like element can therefore form its own temperature level that can be tapped.
- Two regenerator tubes 35 and two pulse tubes 36 extend within the two-stage refrigerator 31 . The lowest temperatures are reached at the lower end of each tube.
- FIG. 4 shows a cross-section through a disc-like element 34 corresponding to the cut A in FIG. 3 .
- the regenerator tube 35 and the pulse tube 36 extend through the disc-like element 34 .
- the regenerator tube 35 is surrounded by an approximately moon-shaped section 41 of the disc-like copper element 34 .
- the outer edge of the moon-shaped section 41 provides good thermal coupling to the cold regenerator tube 35 .
- the right-hand half of the disc-shaped element has a section 42 in the form of a slotted ring.
- the section 42 is substantially formed by two metal tongues extending on a circular arc, whose ends are disposed at a mutual separation from each other.
- the pulse tube 36 extends inside the region past which the metal tongues project, and is not in direct contact with the disc-shaped element 34 , thereby thermally insulating the relatively warm pulse tube 36 .
- the metal tongues may be elastically deformed. This permits application to a tubular conduit or a second metallic coupling device with spring force support, which improves thermal conduction.
- the invention describes a superconducting magnet system with a superconducting magnet coil system which is disposed in a cryogenic fluid tank 2 of a cryostat 1 , and an exchangeable refrigerator 5 ; 31 which is operated in a vacuum container 8 to re-liquify the cryogenic fluid flowing through a tubular conduit 4 ; 21 , characterized in that the tubular conduit 4 ; 21 is rigidly installed in the cryostat 1 .
- the refrigerator reaches its optimum performance during operation in vacuum, and can be easily exchanged in case of a defect.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
A superconducting magnet system with a superconducting magnet coil system, which is disposed in a cryogenic fluid tank (2) of a cryostat (1), and an exchangeable refrigerator (5; 31) which is operated in a vacuum container (8) and is provided to re-liquify the cryogenic fluid flowing through a tubular conduit (4; 21) is characterized in that the tubular conduit (4; 21) is rigidly installed in the cryostat (1). The refrigerator reaches its optimum performance during operation in a vacuum, and can be easily exchanged in case of a defect.
Description
- This application claims Paris Convention priority of
DE 10 2005 042 834.7 filed Sep. 09, 2005 the complete disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. - The invention concerns a superconducting magnet system with a superconducting magnet coil system which is disposed in a cryogenic fluid tank of a cryostat, and an exchangeable refrigerator which is operated in a vacuum container to re-liquify the cryogenic fluid that flows through a tubular conduit.
- A magnet system of this type is disclosed in Cryogenics 38 (1998), pages 337 to 341.
- Superconducting magnet coil systems are used to generate strong magnetic fields. However, the superconducting properties only establish themselves at low temperatures. For this reason, the magnet coil system must be cooled and is therefore disposed in the cryogenic fluid tank of a cryostat. The cryogenic fluid is mainly present in its liquid state, having a maximum temperature which corresponds to its boiling point. Due to unavoidable heat input into the cryostat, the cryogenic fluid must normally be regularly refilled. This process causes downtimes and incurs expense, since the system is disturbed by refilling. For this reason, refrigerators are implemented, which re-condense the gaseous cryogenic fluid.
- In order to reduce the temperature of the cryogenic fluid, cryogenic fluid is constantly pumped out of the cryogenic fluid tank. The pumped cryogenic fluid is thereby heated outside of the cryogenic fluid tank. The heated gaseous cryogenic fluid is returned to the cryogenic fluid tank. It is thereby guided into a tubular conduit which is cooled by the refrigerator. The gas is guided along the refrigerator via the tubular conduit, thereby optimally utilizing the cooling performance at all temperature levels. In order to maintain optimum cooling performance of the refrigerator, the refrigerator is disposed in a vacuum container. At the end of the tubular conduit, the cryogenic fluid is sufficiently cold to be re-liquified. The tubular conduit terminates in the cryogenic fluid tank, into which the liquified cryogenic drips.
- Exchange of the refrigerator must be possible in case of defect. The tubular conduit of the magnet system described in Cryogenics 38 (1998), 337 to 341, is rigidly connected to the refrigerator. The tubular conduit extends in the cryogenic fluid tank and also in the vacuum container of the refrigerator. Exchange of the refrigerator simultaneously involves removal of the tubular conduit from an opening between the cryogenic fluid tank and the vacuum container, producing a leakage in the cryogenic fluid tank. Even during normal operation of the magnet system, the opening represents a weak point, since only detachable sealing mechanisms can be used between the opening and the tubular conduit. For this reason, expensive coolant can easily escape from the conventional magnet system.
- In contrast thereto, it is the object of the present invention to further develop a superconducting magnet system of the above-mentioned type in such a manner that the regenerator can be easily exchanged in case of defect, and the sealing integrity of the cryogenic fluid tank during normal operation is improved.
- This object is achieved in accordance with the invention by a superconducting magnet system of the above-mentioned type, which is characterized in that the tubular conduit is rigidly installed in the cryostat. The tubular conduit is therefore not rigidly connected to the refrigerator as in prior art, but may remain in the cryostat in case the refrigerator fails. The opening for the tubular conduit between the vacuum tank of the refrigerator and the cryogenic fluid tank can be optimally sealed, since removal of the tubular conduit is obviated. The invention thereby permits, in particular, rigid weldings between the tubular conduit, the vacuum tank and the cryogenic fluid tank. Moreover, the cryogenic fluid tank need not be opened to exchange the refrigerator. The tubular conduit can be easily kept sealed irrespective of the refrigerator. In order to prevent flow of uncooled cryogenic fluid, a shut-off valve may e.g. be used in a region of the tubular conduit which is at room temperature.
- In one particularly preferred embodiment of the inventive superconducting magnet system, the refrigerator has a first metallic coupling device which provides heat transfer from the tubular conduit to the region of the refrigerator to be cooled. The first coupling device improves thermal conduction between the refrigerator (or its region to be cooled) and the tubular conduit. The first coupling device may either directly contact the tubular conduit or one or more further heat-conducting components which, in turn, are thermally coupled to the tubular conduit.
- In one preferred further development of this embodiment, the first metallic coupling device comprises concentric, disc-like elements. Thermal insulation between the disc-like elements is facilitated to prevent thermal short-circuit along the refrigerator.
- In a further development thereof, one section of the disc-like elements has the shape of part of a slotted ring. This provides resilient contact which improves thermal conduction. The slotted shape also prevents occurrence of eddy currents due to induction.
- In another particularly preferred embodiment of the superconducting magnet system, the tubular conduit has a second coupling device which permits heat transfer from the tubular conduit to the region of the refrigerator to be cooled. The second coupling device may either directly contact the refrigerator (or its region to be cooled) or one or more further heat-conducting components which, in turn, are thermally coupled to the refrigerator. In particular, a first coupling device and a second coupling device may be provided which contact each other.
- In a preferred design of this embodiment, the second metallic coupling device has concentric annular elements. The annular elements can be easily thermally insulated to prevent thermal short-circuiting along the tubular conduit. With particular preference, the annular elements come in contact with disc-like elements of a first coupling device.
- In a further advantageous development of the above-mentioned embodiments and further developments, the first and/or second metallic coupling device consists of copper or aluminium. These materials have good heat-conducting properties even at low temperatures.
- In another preferred embodiment of the inventive superconducting magnet system, the tubular conduit is substantially helical. The helical shape provides a relatively large contact region, and the refrigerator need not be angularly aligned relative to the tubular conduit.
- In an alternative embodiment, the tubular conduit has several parallel, interconnected annular sections. This embodiment facilitates prevention of thermal short-circuits along the tubular conduit or the refrigerator, thereby still providing large contact regions. The annular sections may cooperate particularly well with annular elements and/or disc-like elements of a second or first coupling device.
- In another preferred embodiment, the tubular conduit has an inner diameter of between 2 mm and 8 mm. Such diameters have proven to be useful in practice, in particular, in view of flow and the danger of ice formation.
- In another preferred embodiment, the tubular conduit is produced from stainless steel. Stainless steel combines good mechanical stability and reduced heat conduction.
- In one preferred embodiment of the inventive superconducting magnet system, the refrigerator is substantially rotationally symmetric in its region facing the tubular conduit. This facilitates assembly and disassembly of the refrigerator. Alignment about the longitudinal axis of the refrigerator, which regularly coincides with the input and output direction in the cryostat, is not required.
- In one further preferred embodiment, a guidance is provided for installation and removal of the refrigerator. The guidance facilitates installation and removal and ensures an optimum contact position for thermal coupling between the tubular conduit and the refrigerator in the installed state.
- In an advantageous further development of this embodiment, at least one rail is provided as guiding means. A rail is easy to handle and inexpensive to produce.
- In another further development, the refrigerator is, alternatively or additionally, substantially conical in its region facing the tubular conduit or the first metallic coupling device is substantially conical, and the tubular conduit is substantially funnel-shaped in its region facing the refrigerator or the second metallic coupling device is substantially funnel-shaped. Funnel and cone cooperate well by defining a stop, providing a large contact surface for thermal coupling as well as mutual guidance.
- In a further preferred embodiment of the inventive superconducting magnet system, the vacuum container is formed from magnetic material. This shields the interior of the vacuum container, in particular, the refrigerator and large parts of the tubular conduit from magnetic fields.
- In another advantageous embodiment, the cryogenic fluid is helium. Helium can yield particularly low temperatures.
- In an alternative embodiment, the cryogenic fluid is hydrogen, neon or nitrogen.
- In one further advantageous embodiment, the refrigerator is a pulse tube cooler. Pulse tube coolers have proven to be useful in practice.
- In an alternative embodiment, the refrigerator is a Gifford-McMahon cooler.
- In a further advantageous embodiment, the magnet system is a magnetic resonance apparatus.
- Further advantages of the invention can be extracted from the description and the drawings. The features mentioned above and below may be used individually or collectively in arbitrary combination. The embodiments shown and described are not to be understood as exhaustive enumeration but have exemplary character for describing the invention.
- The invention is explained in more detail in the drawing.
-
FIG. 1 shows a schematic partial view of a cryostat for an inventive superconducting magnet system, wherein the tubular conduit has several parallel annular sections; -
FIG. 2 shows a schematic partial view of a cryostat for an inventive superconducting magnet system, wherein the tubular conduit is helical; -
FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of a refrigerator for an inventive superconducting magnet system, wherein the refrigerator comprises a first metallic coupling device which has several concentric disc-like elements; and -
FIG. 4 shows a cross-section through a disc-like element ofFIG. 3 , wherein the right-hand section of the disc-like element has the shape of part of a slotted ring. -
FIG. 1 schematically shows part of an inventive superconducting magnet system, i.e. the neck tube region of acryostat 1. Thecryostat 1 has acryogenic fluid tank 2 whose lower region contains liquidcryogenic fluid 2 a, i.e. helium. A superconducting magnet coil configuration (also not shown) is located in the region of the liquidcryogenic fluid 2 a. Gaseous cryogenic fluid (indicated by dots inFIG. 1 ) is located above the liquidcryogenic fluid 2 a. Cryogenic fluid is permanently pumped to reduce the temperature. The pumped cryogenic fluid is thereby heated outside of thecryogenic fluid tank 2. - The heated, gaseous cryogenic fluid is cooled and returned, in its liquified state, to the
cryogenic fluid tank 2 via atubular conduit 4. Arefrigerator 5 cools the cryogenic fluid. Therefrigerator 5 has afirst cooling stage 6 and a second,colder cooling stage 7. These twocooling stages vacuum container 8 to thermally insulate them from the surroundings. Thetubular conduit 4 is also located in the vacuum container, except for theinlet 9 andoutlet 10. Thevacuum container 8 is evacuated at a pressure of at most 10−3 mbar or less during normal operation. The vacuum in thevacuum container 8 is produced by apumping connection 16. - The cryogenic fluid to be liquified is supplied to the
tubular conduit 4 via theinlet 9. Thetubular conduit 4 abuts the outer walls of the cooling stages 6, 7, i.e. the region of therefrigerator 5 to be cooled, thereby cooling thetubular conduit 4. - The cryogenic fluid thereby flows to the coldest part of the
refrigerator 5, i.e. the lower end of thesecond cooling stage 7. Just before theoutlet 10, the cryogenic fluid in thetubular conduit 4 is sufficiently cold to be liquified. It finally drips from theoutlet 10 back into thecryogenic fluid tank 2. - The
tubular conduit 4 is permanently installed in thecryostat 1. It cannot be displaced in or removed from thecryostat 1 without interrupting operation of thecryostat 1. The cryostat would have to be disassembled or even damaged to remove the tubular conduit. Thetubular conduit 4 is mounted in thecryostat 1 using any conventional means, in particular, through screwing and welding. - The
tubular conduit 4 ofFIG. 1 is rigidly connected to thecryostat 1 in three regions. Thetubular conduit 4 is welded, along its entire periphery, to the wall of thevacuum container 8 at apassage opening 11 of thetubular conduit 4 between thevacuum container 8 and thecryogenic fluid tank 2, i.e. in the region of theoutlet 10. This yields maximum sealing between thevacuum container 8 and thecryogenic fluid tank 2. Another welding is provided at theopening 12 between thetubular conduit 4 at the outer region of thecryostat 1 and thevacuum container 8, i.e. in the region of the inlet 9 (use of an elastic seal would also be possible herein). Thetubular conduit 4 is finally also rigidly connected to asupport level 13 which, in turn, is rigidly connected to the wall of thevacuum container 8 and the wall of the neck tube of thecryostat 1. Thesupport level 13 also thermally couples a radiation shield (not shown) in the vacuum insulation of thecryostat 1. - In contrast thereto, the
refrigerator 5 can be exchanged. The lower edge of thefirst cooling stage 6 is supported on thesupport level 13. Therefrigerator 5 can be removed in an upward direction from thecryostat 1, in particular, from thevacuum container 8 and thetubular conduit 4 after releasing fixations (not shown). This breaks the vacuum in thevacuum container 8, without causing leakage to thecryogenic fluid tank 2. Either a repaired or anew refrigerator 5 can be inserted into thecryostat 1. Thecryogenic fluid tank 2 remains closed during complete exchange of therefrigerator 5. Since the cryogenic fluid, that flows through thetubular conduit 4 during exchange of therefrigerator 5, can temporarily not be cooled, the cryogenic fluid circuit should be interrupted to exchange the refrigerator. Towards this end, a shut-off valve can be used in thefeed line 9 of the tubular conduit 4 (not shown). - The
tubular conduit 4 of the embodiment ofFIG. 1 has several parallelannular sections 14. Theannular sections 14 extend in a horizontal plane, i.e. perpendicular to the axis of therefrigerator 5. Theannular sections 14 are connected to vertical connectingsections 15. Eachannular section 14 may have its own temperature level. - The
annular sections 14 may cooperate well with disc-like elements of a first metallic coupling device of the refrigerator 5 (not shown inFIG. 1 , seeFIGS. 3 and 4 ) in that theannular sections 14 and the disc-like elements are at the same level in the mounted state of therefrigerator 5, with their surfaces contacting each other. - In accordance with the invention, the
tubular conduit 4 may be provided with a second metallic coupling device to improve thermal coupling between thetubular conduit 4 and therefrigerator 5. Towards this end, eachannular section 14 may, in particular, be surrounded by annular elements (not shown). The annular elements may, in turn, cooperate with disc-like elements of a first coupling device on therefrigerator 5. - The first and second coupling devices are divided into disc-like and annular elements, which prevents formation of thermal short-circuits which would disadvantageously increase the minimum achievable temperature on the
refrigerator 5. -
FIG. 2 also shows the neck tube region of acryostat 1 of an inventive superconducting magnet system. Thetubular conduit 21 therein is helical, i.e. is wound in a downward direction (in the direction of coolant flow) on the cooling stages 6, 7 of therefrigerator 5, and finally terminates in thecryogenic fluid tank 2. -
FIG. 3 shows a refrigerator in accordance with the invention, which can be used in an inventive superconducting magnet system. Therefrigerator 31 is provided with afirst cooling stage 6 and asecond cooling stage 7. Therefrigerator 31 has a firstmetallic coupling device 32 which comprises several disc-like elements like elements refrigerator 31 at certain locations in a plane perpendicular to its direction of extension or axis. Moreover, the disc-like elements refrigerator 5, such that the edges of the disc-like elements refrigerator 5. The sides of the disc-like elements refrigerator 31, the disc-like elements respective cooling stage - Two
regenerator tubes 35 and twopulse tubes 36 extend within the two-stage refrigerator 31. The lowest temperatures are reached at the lower end of each tube. -
FIG. 4 shows a cross-section through a disc-like element 34 corresponding to the cut A inFIG. 3 . Theregenerator tube 35 and thepulse tube 36 extend through the disc-like element 34. Theregenerator tube 35 is surrounded by an approximately moon-shapedsection 41 of the disc-like copper element 34. The outer edge of the moon-shapedsection 41 provides good thermal coupling to thecold regenerator tube 35. In this figure, the right-hand half of the disc-shaped element has asection 42 in the form of a slotted ring. Thesection 42 is substantially formed by two metal tongues extending on a circular arc, whose ends are disposed at a mutual separation from each other. Thepulse tube 36 extends inside the region past which the metal tongues project, and is not in direct contact with the disc-shapedelement 34, thereby thermally insulating the relativelywarm pulse tube 36. - The metal tongues may be elastically deformed. This permits application to a tubular conduit or a second metallic coupling device with spring force support, which improves thermal conduction.
- In summary, the invention describes a superconducting magnet system with a superconducting magnet coil system which is disposed in a
cryogenic fluid tank 2 of acryostat 1, and anexchangeable refrigerator 5; 31 which is operated in avacuum container 8 to re-liquify the cryogenic fluid flowing through atubular conduit 4; 21, characterized in that thetubular conduit 4; 21 is rigidly installed in thecryostat 1. The refrigerator reaches its optimum performance during operation in vacuum, and can be easily exchanged in case of a defect.
Claims (23)
1. A superconducting magnet system comprising:
a cryostat;
a cryogenic fluid tank disposed in said cryostat;
a superconducting magnet coil system disposed in said cryogenic fluid tank;
a vacuum container defined by said cryostat;
an exchangeable refrigerator disposed in said vacuum container;
a tubular conduit through which cryogenic fluid flows, said tubular conduit in thermal communication with said refrigerator to liquify said cryogenic fluid, said tubular conduit being rigidly installed in said cryostat.
2. The superconducting magnet system of claim 1 , wherein said refrigerator has a first metallic coupling device, which permits heat transfer from said tubular conduit to a cooling region of said refrigerator.
3. The superconducting magnet system of claim 2 , wherein said first metallic coupling device has concentric disc-like elements.
4. The superconducting magnet system of claim 3 , wherein a section of said disc-like elements has a shape of part of a slotted ring.
5. The superconducting magnet system of claim 2 , wherein said tubular conduit has a second coupling device which permits heat transfer from said tubular conduit to a cooling region of said refrigerator.
6. The superconducting magnet system of claim 5 , wherein said second metallic coupling device has concentric annular elements.
7. The superconducting magnet system of claim 5 , wherein said first and/or said second metallic coupling device is made from copper or aluminium.
8. The superconducting magnet system of claim 1 , wherein said tubular conduit is substantially helical.
9. The superconducting magnet system of claim 1 , wherein said tubular conduit has several parallel, interconnected annular sections.
10. The superconducting magnet system of claim 1 , wherein said tubular conduit has an inner diameter of between 2 mm and 8 mm.
11. The superconducting magnet system of claim 1 , wherein said tubular conduit is made from stainless steel.
12. The superconducting magnet system of claim 1 , wherein said refrigerator is substantially rotationally symmetrical in a region facing said tubular conduit.
13. The superconducting magnet system of claim 1 , further comprising a guidance for installation and removal of said refrigerator.
14. The superconducting magnet system of claim 13 , wherein said guidance comprises at least one rail.
15. The superconducting magnet system of claim 13 , wherein a region of said refrigerator facing said tubular conduit is substantially conical and a region of said tubular conduit facing said refrigerator is substantially funnel-shaped.
16. The superconducting magnet system of claim 5 , wherein a region of said refrigerator facing said tubular conduit is substantially conical and a region of said tubular conduit facing said refrigerator is substantially funnel-shaped.
17. The superconducting magnet system of claim 16 , wherein said region of said refrigerator facing said first metallic coupling device is substantially conical and said region of said tubular conduit facing said second metallic coupling device is substantially funnel-shaped.
18. The superconducting magnet system of claim 1 , wherein said vacuum container is made from magnetic material.
19. The superconducting magnet system of claim 1 , wherein the cryogenic fluid is helium.
20. The superconducting magnet system of claim 1 , wherein the cryogenic fluid is hydrogen, neon, or nitrogen.
21. The superconducting magnet system of claim 1 , wherein said refrigerator comprises a pulse tube cooler.
22. The superconducting magnet system of claim 1 , wherein the refrigerator comprises a Gifford-McMahon cooler.
23. The superconducting magnet system of claim 1 , wherein magnet system is structured for a magnetic resonance apparatus.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US12/805,343 US20100298148A1 (en) | 2005-09-09 | 2010-07-27 | Superconducting magnet system with refrigerator for re-liquifying cryogenic fluid in a tubular conduit |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005042834A DE102005042834B4 (en) | 2005-09-09 | 2005-09-09 | Superconducting magnet system with refrigerator for the re-liquefaction of cryofluid in a pipeline |
DEDE102005042834.7 | 2005-09-09 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US12/805,343 Continuation US20100298148A1 (en) | 2005-09-09 | 2010-07-27 | Superconducting magnet system with refrigerator for re-liquifying cryogenic fluid in a tubular conduit |
Publications (1)
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US20070107446A1 true US20070107446A1 (en) | 2007-05-17 |
Family
ID=37137294
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/510,806 Abandoned US20070107446A1 (en) | 2005-09-09 | 2006-08-28 | Superconducting magnet system with refrigerator for re-liquifying cryogenic fluid in a tubular conduit |
US12/805,343 Abandoned US20100298148A1 (en) | 2005-09-09 | 2010-07-27 | Superconducting magnet system with refrigerator for re-liquifying cryogenic fluid in a tubular conduit |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US12/805,343 Abandoned US20100298148A1 (en) | 2005-09-09 | 2010-07-27 | Superconducting magnet system with refrigerator for re-liquifying cryogenic fluid in a tubular conduit |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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US (2) | US20070107446A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102005042834B4 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2430023B (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090094992A1 (en) * | 2007-10-10 | 2009-04-16 | Cryomech, Inc. | Gas liquifier |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102006035101A1 (en) * | 2006-07-28 | 2008-02-07 | Siemens Ag | Beam guiding magnet for deflecting charged particles along a curved path with associated cooling device and irradiation system with such a magnet |
CN103797314B (en) | 2011-07-14 | 2016-11-23 | 量子设计国际有限公司 | There is the liquefier of pressure controlled liquefaction chamber |
DE102016218000B3 (en) | 2016-09-20 | 2017-10-05 | Bruker Biospin Gmbh | Cryostat arrangement with a vacuum container and an object to be cooled, with evacuable cavity |
US20180151280A1 (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2018-05-31 | Shahin Pourrahimi | Pre-cooling and increasing thermal heat capacity of cryogen-free magnets |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE102005042834B4 (en) | 2013-04-11 |
GB0617382D0 (en) | 2006-10-11 |
US20100298148A1 (en) | 2010-11-25 |
DE102005042834A1 (en) | 2007-03-29 |
GB2430023A (en) | 2007-03-14 |
GB2430023B (en) | 2010-04-28 |
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