US20070098815A1 - Orally Administrable Gallium Compositions and Methods of Use - Google Patents

Orally Administrable Gallium Compositions and Methods of Use Download PDF

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US20070098815A1
US20070098815A1 US11/551,815 US55181506A US2007098815A1 US 20070098815 A1 US20070098815 A1 US 20070098815A1 US 55181506 A US55181506 A US 55181506A US 2007098815 A1 US2007098815 A1 US 2007098815A1
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gallium
pharmaceutical composition
viscosity
increasing agent
approximately
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Lawrence Bernstein
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Priority to US11/551,815 priority Critical patent/US20070098815A1/en
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Priority to US14/036,576 priority patent/US9040063B2/en
Priority to US14/457,930 priority patent/US9492551B2/en
Priority to US15/204,989 priority patent/US9616133B2/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
    • A61K47/38—Cellulose; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/16—Inorganic salts, minerals or trace elements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/28—Compounds containing heavy metals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/555—Heterocyclic compounds containing heavy metals, e.g. hemin, hematin, melarsoprol
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
    • A61K31/716—Glucans
    • A61K31/717—Celluloses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0087—Galenical forms not covered by A61K9/02 - A61K9/7023
    • A61K9/0095—Drinks; Beverages; Syrups; Compositions for reconstitution thereof, e.g. powders or tablets to be dispersed in a glass of water; Veterinary drenches
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2013—Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/4841—Filling excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/4858—Organic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/4841—Filling excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/4866—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A61K33/242—Gold; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A61K33/243—Platinum; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A61K33/244—Lanthanides; Compounds thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to pharmaceutical compositions comprising gallium. More specifically, this invention relates to the preparation and use of orally administrable gallium pharmaceutical compositions comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable gallium compound, such as for example, gallium maltolate, gallium 8-quinolinolonate, or gallium nitrate, and a viscosity-increasing agent, such as for example, methylcellulose or carboxymethylcellulose.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable gallium compound such as for example, gallium maltolate, gallium 8-quinolinolonate, or gallium nitrate
  • a viscosity-increasing agent such as for example, methylcellulose or carboxymethylcellulose.
  • Gallium is used therapeutically and diagnostically in the management and treatment of cancer, infectious disease, inflammatory disease, bone disease, autoimmune disease, and other diseases and disorders.
  • the administration of gallium orally, as compared to administration intravenously or by injection, provides advantages to the patient in terms of convenience, cost, safety, and possibly efficacy.
  • gallium compounds are poorly absorbed when taken orally.
  • Gallium bioavailabilities from these compounds may not, however, always be consistent, and, because the gallium compounds may be acid labile, protection from stomach acid may be needed in some cases.
  • the inventor has unexpectedly and surprisingly found that the combination of a pharmaceutically acceptable gallium compound, such as for example, gallium maltolate, with a viscosity-increasing agent, such as for example, methylcellulose or carboxymethylcellulose, can increase the oral bioavailability of gallium.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable gallium compound such as for example, gallium maltolate
  • a viscosity-increasing agent such as for example, methylcellulose or carboxymethylcellulose
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable gallium compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable viscosity-increasing agent.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable gallium compound in the solid state, preferably gallium maltolate, mixed with a viscosity-increasing agent, preferably methylcellulose or carboxymethylcellulose, in the solid state.
  • a the pharmaceutical composition comprising a drinkable liquid suitable for oral administration (which may be a solution, an emulsion, a gel, a sol, a suspension, or a mixture of these) comprising water with dissolved and/or suspended gallium compound, preferably gallium maltolate, and dissolved and/or suspended viscosity-increasing agent, preferably methylcellulose or carboxymethylcellulose.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises a viscous liquid or paste (which may be a solution, an emulsion, a gel, a sol, a suspension, or a mixture of these) comprising water with dissolved and/or suspended gallium compound, preferably gallium maltolate, and dissolved and/or suspended viscosity-increasing agent, preferably methylcellulose or carboxymethylcellulose.
  • the solid obtained by evaporation of any of the preceding liquid or partially liquid formulations of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprised by an additional embodiment of the invention.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises animal feed to which has been added any of the preceding liquid, partially liquid, viscous liquid, paste, solid, or other formulations of the invention.
  • a method of treating or preventing a gallium-responsive disease or disorder in a human or veterinary patient comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the gallium pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention.
  • the pharmaceutical composition is preferably adapted for oral administration.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may further comprise one or more additional active agents.
  • the viscosity-increasing agent of each embodiment may be selected from the group consisting of viscosity-increasing forms of methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and other cellulose derivatives, including their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, hydrates, and solvates, or from the group consisting of viscosity-increasing forms of polyethylene glycol, Carbopols, povidones, gum Arabic, and xanthum gum.
  • the gallium compound of each embodiment may be selected from the group consisting of gallium nitrate, gallium sulfate, gallium chloride, gallium citrate, gallium acetate, gallium tartrate, gallium gluconate, gallium palmitate, gallium succinate, gallium maltolate, gallium ethyl maltolate, gallium pyridinones, gallium 8-quinolinolate, gallium protoporphyrin IX, gallium pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone, and bis(2-acetylpyridine 4N-dimethylthiosemicarbazone) gallium(III), gallium(III) tetrachloride.
  • the weight ratio of the gallium compound to the viscosity-increasing agent is approximately 0.1 to 1000, with a preferred weight ratio of the gallium compound to the viscosity-increasing agent of approximately 1 to 250, and a more preferred weight ratio of the gallium compound to the viscosity-increasing agent of approximately 10 to 100.
  • the weight ratio of the gallium compound to the viscosity-increasing agent is approximately 0.1 to 1000, with a preferred weight ration of the gallium compound to the viscosity-increasing agent of 1 to 500, and a more preferred weight ratio of the gallium compound to the viscosity-increasing agent of approximately 20 to 200.
  • the weight ratio of the gallium compound to the viscosity-increasing agent is approximately 0.1 to 1000, with a preferred weight ratio of the gallium compound to the viscosity-increasing agent of approximately 1 to 500, and a more preferred weight ratio of the gallium compound to the viscosity-increasing agent is approximately 50 to 250.
  • a preferred viscous liquid or paste formulation of the invention comprises 1 to 20% w/v gallium maltolate, 10 to 30% v/v simple syrup, 0.1 to 4% v/v benzyl alcohol, 0.5 to 2.5% w/v carboxymethylcellulose, and a balance of water.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of each embodiment may further comprise means to prevent or inhibit dissociation of the gallium compound in the acidic environment of the stomach.
  • Such means may be selected from the group consisting of an enteric coating, a buffer, and excess ligand, or means wherein the gallium compound is encapsulated in liposomes.
  • compositions of each embodiment may be in a unit dosage form or in divided or multiple dosage forms.
  • FIG. 1 shows serum gallium concentrations in two foals following the administration to each of 20 mg/Kg gallium maltolate in a single dose, either by intragastric administration of an aqueous formulation without a viscosity-increasing agent, or by oral administration of a viscous liquid/paste formulation containing carboxymethylcellulose.
  • a viscosity-increasing agent encompasses a combination or mixture of different viscosity-increasing agents as well as a single viscosity-increasing agent.
  • oral administration and “oral ingestion” refer to all conventional forms for the oral delivery of a pharmaceutical composition and that result in the deposition of the pharmaceutical composition into the gastrointestinal tract (including the gastro portion of the gastrointestinal tract, i.e., the stomach) via the esophagus. Accordingly, oral administration and oral ingestion include, by way of example, actual ingestion of a solid, gel, semisolid, or liquid pharmaceutical composition, oral gavage, nasogastric intubation, and the like.
  • inhibitor dissociation means that at least 20%, preferably at least 50%, and more preferably at least 80%, of the complex is not dissociated under acidic conditions (e.g., about pH 2-4) for a period of at least 1 hr and preferably at least 3 hours.
  • active agent drug
  • drug pharmacologically active agent
  • treatment encompasses both prevention of a gallium responsive disease in a predisposed individual and treatment of a gallium responsive disease in an individual who has such a disease.
  • “Viscosity-increasing forms” of compounds are those forms that are water soluble and that increase the viscosity of aqueous solutions in which they are dissolved such that a 1% w/v solution will have a viscosity of at least 10 centipose (cps), and preferably at least 50 cps, and more preferably at least 150 cps, but less than about 30,000 cps, and preferably less than about 10,000 cps.
  • cps centipose
  • Forms of compounds that are insoluble or nearly insoluble (i.e., solubility less than about 0.01% w/v) in water such as, for example, cross-linked forms carboxymethylcellulose (e.g., croscarmellose) and povidone (e.g., crospovidone), are not viscosity-increasing agents of this invention.
  • carboxymethylcellulose e.g., croscarmellose
  • povidone e.g., crospovidone
  • veterinary patients are intended to include both mammalian and non-mammalian veterinary patients, the latter including such veterinary patients as for example, lizards and birds.
  • the present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising gallium compounds in combination with certain viscosity-increasing agents.
  • the gallium compositions of the invention have the advantages of retaining high oral gallium bioavailability when exposed to acidic conditions of the stomach, and of retaining high oral gallium bioavailability when administered as a liquid (e.g., Example 6 and FIG. 1 ).
  • Preferred pharmaceutically acceptable gallium compounds from the foregoing list include gallium maltolate, gallium 8-quinolinolate, gallium nitrate, gallium chloride, and gallium sulfate.
  • the more preferred gallium compounds are gallium maltolate, gallium 8-quinolinolate, and gallium nitrate, with gallium maltolate being most preferred.
  • the gallium compound may be neutral or non-neutral.
  • Viscosity-increasing agents the may be used to prepare the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention include, without limitation, pharmaceutically acceptable viscosity-increasing forms of, without limitation, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and other cellulose derivatives (including their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, hydrates, and solvates), cellulose, polyethylene glycol, Carbopols, povidones, gum Arabic, and xanthum gum, with methylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose being preferred.
  • these viscosity-increasing agents may also be soluble in the mucus layer of the stomach, further protection from stomach acid may be afforded through transient sequestration in the mucus layer. Once past the stomach, in the duodenum (where most metal absorption is thought to occur), the higher pH and otherwise changed chemical environment allows the gallium or gallium compound to be released and absorbed.
  • viscosity-increasing agents described herein are described within the context of pharmaceutical compositions containing gallium, it is to be understood that the viscosity-increasing agents described herein may be combined with other pharmaceutically acceptable metal compounds to increase the absorption of other metals (such as, for example, iron, cobalt, zinc, copper, indium, manganese, antimony, arsenic, gold, platinum, ruthenium, and lanthanides).
  • other metals such as, for example, iron, cobalt, zinc, copper, indium, manganese, antimony, arsenic, gold, platinum, ruthenium, and lanthanides.
  • compositions of the present invention may be in any acceptable state, such as for example, solid, semisolid, gel, sol, and liquid compositions, as well as mixtures of any of the foregoing.
  • Solid dosage forms include without limitation, tablets, capsules, caplets, lozenges, troches, chewing gums, and beads.
  • Liquid dosage forms include without limitation, liquid solutions, emulsions, suspensions, or combinations thereof.
  • Other dosage forms contemplated under the invention include without limitation, pastes, ointments, creams, aerosols, dusts, shampoos, and powders.
  • Solid or liquid dosage forms wherein the gallium compounds are present in liposomes are also contemplated under the present invention as is animal feed that has been prepared to contain the gallium compositions of the present invention.
  • compositions of the present invention are preferably formulated in unit dose forms, it is to be understood that they may also be formulated in divided or multiple dose forms.
  • compositions of the invention may comprise one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients appropriate to the pharmaceutical form and the intended mode of administration.
  • excipients include, without limitation, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, vehicles, propellants, disintegrants, diluents, dilutants, preservatives, pH adjusters, surface-active substances, emulsifiers, stabilizers, preservatives, coating agents, enteric coatings, buffers, absorption enhancers, solubility modifiers, flavorings, fillers, solvents, gel-forming agents, tablet excipients, antioxidants, dispersants, antifoams, flavor corrigents, solubilizers, colorants, color enhancers, dyes, pigments, permeation promoters, permeation enhancers, complexing agents, absorbents, adsorbents, acidulents, anticaking agents, sequestrants, conditioners, controlled release agents, emollients, emulsifiers, encapsulants, flow aids
  • compositions of the invention are designed primarily for oral administration, other modes of administration are possible. Such other modes of administration include, without limitation, topical, transdermal, rectal, buccal, sublingual, vaginal, transurethral, intravenous, intramuscular, intra-arterial, intralesional, topical ocular, intraocular, otic, nasal, and inhaled.
  • suitable vehicles, excipients, carriers, and/or devices such as patches, implants, and pumps
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable gallium compound in the solid state, preferably gallium maltolate, mixed with a viscosity-increasing agent, preferably methylcellulose or carboxymethylcellulose, in the solid state.
  • a viscosity-increasing agent preferably methylcellulose or carboxymethylcellulose
  • the weight ratio of the gallium compound to the viscosity-increasing agent is approximately 0.1 to 1000, preferably from approximately 1 to 250, and most preferably from approximately 10 to 100. Examples 1 and 2 describe the preparation of solid state dosage forms of the present invention.
  • compositions including without limitation preservatives, flavorings, colorants, buffering agents, disintegrants, lubricants, binders, coatings (including enteric coatings), and other excipients and active agents.
  • Other pharmaceutically acceptable oral agents that may enhance bioavailability may also be included, such as, for example, carboxylic acids such as citric acid or succinic acid, carboxylates such as sodium citrate or sodium succinate, ascorbic acid, or ascorbates such as sodium ascorbate.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises a drinkable liquid suitable for oral administration (which may be a solution, an emulsion, a gel, a sol, a suspension, or a mixture of these) comprising water with dissolved and/or suspended gallium compound, preferably gallium maltolate, and dissolved and/or suspended viscosity-increasing agent, preferably methylcellulose or carboxymethylcellulose.
  • a drinkable liquid suitable for oral administration which may be a solution, an emulsion, a gel, a sol, a suspension, or a mixture of these
  • a drinkable liquid suitable for oral administration comprising water with dissolved and/or suspended gallium compound, preferably gallium maltolate, and dissolved and/or suspended viscosity-increasing agent, preferably methylcellulose or carboxymethylcellulose.
  • the weight ratio of the gallium compound to the viscosity-increasing agent is approximately 0.01 to 1000, preferably from approximately 1 to 500, and most preferably from approximately 50 to 250.
  • compositions that may be used in the preparation of the liquid state dosage forms include without limitation preservatives, flavorings, colorants, desensitizing agents, pH-adjusting agents, buffering agents, and other excipients and active agents.
  • Preferred preservatives include benzyl alcohol, ascorbic acid, methyl paraben, butyl paraben, and propyl paraben, with benzyl alcohol being particularly preferred.
  • the pH can be adjusted to approximately 6-7.5; preferred pH-adjusting agents include HCl and Na 2 CO 3 .
  • carboxylic acids such as citric acid or succinic acid
  • carboxylates such as sodium citrate or sodium succinate
  • ascorbic acid such as sodium ascorbate.
  • ascorbates such as sodium ascorbate.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises a viscous liquid or paste (which may be a solution, an emulsion, a gel, a sol, a suspension, or a mixture of these) comprising water with dissolved and/or suspended gallium compound, preferably gallium maltolate, and dissolved and/or suspended viscosity-increasing agent, preferably methylcellulose or carboxymethylcellulose.
  • a viscous liquid or paste which may be a solution, an emulsion, a gel, a sol, a suspension, or a mixture of these
  • a viscous liquid or paste which may be a solution, an emulsion, a gel, a sol, a suspension, or a mixture of these
  • a viscous liquid or paste which may be a solution, an emulsion, a gel, a sol, a suspension, or a mixture of these
  • the weight ratio of the gallium compound to the viscosity-increasing agent is approximately 0.01 to 1000,
  • preservatives include benzyl alcohol, ascorbic acid, methyl paraben, butyl paraben, and propyl paraben, with benzyl alcohol being particularly preferred.
  • carboxylic acids such as citric acid or succinic acid
  • carboxylates such as sodium citrate or sodium succinate
  • ascorbic acid such as sodium ascorbate.
  • ascorbates such as sodium ascorbate.
  • the viscous liquid or paste dosage forms described above are particularly suitable for oral administration to many mammals, particularly large mammals such as, for example, horses and other equids, bovine animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, cats, and dogs.
  • the viscous liquid or paste may be put into a syringe and squirted into the back of the mouth, or otherwise administered to the mouth, from where it is swallowed.
  • the solid pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is obtained by evaporation of any of the preceding liquid or partially liquid formulations.
  • the solid obtained by evaporation of a liquid comprising gallium maltolate and methylcellulose or carboxymethylcellulose (such as the liquid formulation of Example 3) is a preferred pharmaceutical composition of the invention.
  • the weight ratio of the gallium compound to the viscosity-increasing agent is approximately 0.01 to 1000, preferably from approximately 1 to 500, more preferably from approximately 10 to 250, and most preferably from approximately 20 to 200.
  • Evaporation may be accomplished by drying methods well known in the art (e.g., Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 20 th Edition, Gennaro, A. R., Ed., Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, 2000). Such methods include, without limitation, drying at room temperature or at elevated temperatures of up to about 90° C. in air or in a partial vacuum, on exposed trays with or without shaking, in ovens or vacuum ovens, in rotary evaporators, and so on.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises animal feed to which has been added any of the preceding liquid, partially liquid, viscous liquid, paste, solid, or other formulations of the invention.
  • Example 5 describes the preparation of animal feed containing the gallium compositions of the present invention.
  • any of the pharmaceutical compositions described above may further include means to prevent or inhibit dissociation of the gallium compound in the acidic environment of the stomach.
  • means to prevent or inhibit dissociation of the gallium compound in the acidic environment of the stomach are well known in the art, and are recited in standard pharmaceutical manufacturing textbooks (e.g., Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 20 th Edition, Gennaro, A. R., Ed., Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, 2000). These means include, without limitation, the use of enteric coatings, buffers, gels such as hydrogels, excess ligand (such as excess maltol in the case of gallium maltolate), and encapsulation within liposomes.
  • Methods to inhibit or prevent dissociation that are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,574,027 to Bernstein, which is incorporated herein, are among those contemplated under the present invention.
  • compositions of the present invention may include one or more active agents in addition to the gallium compositions.
  • a method of treating a human or veterinary patient for a gallium-responsive disease or disorder through the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a gallium-containing pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
  • Gallium-responsive diseases and disorders contemplated under the present invention include without limitation, cancer, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, cancers of the bone, lymphomas, leukemias, multiple myeloma, cancers of the brain, cancers of the throat, pancreatic cancer, neck cancers, gastric cancers, intestinal cancers, colon cancers, rectal cancers, testicular cancers, bladder cancers, ovarian cancers, cervical cancers, uterine cancers, skin cancers, melanoma, ocular cancers, mouth cancers, tongue cancers, metastatic cancers, and other cancers; conditions of excessive bone resorption and/or disorders of calcium homeostasis, including osteoporosis, Paget's disease, metastatic bone disease, hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcemia, osteonecrosis, laminitis, and navicular disorders; inflammatory and/or autoimmune disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory arthritis, psoriasis and related derma
  • the compositions are administered in a therapeutically effective amount to treat the gallium-responsive disease or disorder.
  • effective amounts generally result in maximal plasma gallium concentrations of about 10 to 8,000 ng/mL, preferably about 100 to 3,000 ng/mL, and most preferably about 500 to 1,500 ng/mL.
  • a liquid pharmaceutical composition comprising 10% w/v gallium maltolate, 30% w/v sucrose, 1% v/v benzyl alcohol, and 0.8% w/v carboxymethylcellulose in de-ionized, sterile water (as described in Example 3) may be administered orally at a gallium maltolate dose of about 0.1 to 100 mg per kilogram body weight per day (0.1 to 100 mg/Kg/day), preferably about 4 to 60 mg/Kg/day, and more preferably about 6 to 40 mg/Kg/day, preferably administered once per day.
  • a single dosage unit such as a single tablet, caplet, or capsule
  • the following amounts of the ingredients are used:
  • a recommended carboxymethylcellulose for use in the formulation of the solid oral dosage forms described herein is AQUALON® sodium carboxymethylcellulose gum, grade 7H3SF, X grind (fine), viscosity of 1% solution approximately 1,000-2,800 cps (Hercules, Inc., Wilmington, Del.).
  • sodium citrate-containing solid oral dosage forms of the present invention which includes capsules, tablets, or caplets:
  • a single dosage unit such as a single tablet, caplet, or capsule
  • the following amounts of the ingredients are used:
  • a recommended carboxymethylcellulose for use in the formulation of the solid oral dosage forms described herein is AQUALON® sodium carboxymethylcellulose gum, grade 7H3SF, X grind (fine), viscosity of 1% solution approximately 1,000-2,800 cps (Hercules, Inc., Wilmington, Del.).
  • a recommended carboxymethylcellulose for use in the formulation of the liquid oral dosage form described herein is AQUALON® sodium carboxymethylcellulose gum, grade 7M2F, X grind (fine), viscosity of 2% solution approximately 150-200 cps (Hercules, Inc., Wilmington, Del.).
  • the carboxymethylcellulose used in the formulation of the viscous liquid/paste dosage form described herein was AQUALON® sodium carboxymethylcellulose gum, grade 7H4F, X grind (fine), viscosity of 1% solution approximately 3,000-6,000 cps (Hercules, Inc., Wilmington, Del.).
  • gallium maltolate was added to the water with moderately vigorous stirring, which continued for about 30 minutes.
  • the benzyl alcohol was added to the solution and then the carboxymethylcellulose was gradually added to the solution over a period of several minutes.
  • the simple syrup was gradually added to the formulation under continued moderate to slow stirring over a period of a few minutes after which the stirring continued for an additional five minutes.
  • Animal feed in a form suitable for administration to a particular animal is prepared by adding gallium maltolate to the animal feed in an amount such that the animal receives a daily dose of the gallium maltolate in one day's consumption of feed.
  • gallium maltolate for typical horse feed, e.g. hay or prepared pellets, the amount of gallium maltolate to be put into the feed will vary depending on the size of the animal, but will generally be in an amount of about 0.01 to 10 g per Kg of feed, preferably 0.1 to 6 g, and more preferably 1 to 4 g per Kg of feed.
  • Example 3 For the preparation of typical horse feed with a concentration of gallium maltolate at 2 g per Kg of feed, the following procedure may be followed: One liter of the liquid composition of Example 3 is added to 50 Kg of solid horse feed (e.g., hay or other fodder, pellets, etc.). The liquid is thoroughly mixed with the solid feed for five minutes, and is allowed to soak into the feed. The feed is then dried in air while spread on a tray, in this case at 40° C. for six hours. The feed is then administered to the horse in a conventional manner.
  • solid horse feed e.g., hay or other fodder, pellets, etc.
  • the liquid is thoroughly mixed with the solid feed for five minutes, and is allowed to soak into the feed.
  • the feed is then dried in air while spread on a tray, in this case at 40° C. for six hours.
  • the feed is then administered to the horse in a conventional manner.
  • Example of typical horse feed that may be used in the preparation described herein is LMF California Complete horse feed
  • a viscous liquid/paste formulation of the invention was investigated for gallium bioavailability in two healthy foals, each foal about six months old and about 175 Kg in weight.
  • each foal was first administered gallium maltolate (20 mg/Kg of body weight) in a formulation consisting only of gallium maltolate and water.
  • the formulation was administered intragastrically, via a nasogastric tube. Blood samples were taken from the foals just prior to dosing (0 hours), and at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours post-dosing, and the serum was separated by coagulation and centrifugation.

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US11/551,815 2005-10-27 2006-10-23 Orally Administrable Gallium Compositions and Methods of Use Abandoned US20070098815A1 (en)

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US14/457,930 US9492551B2 (en) 2005-10-27 2014-08-12 Orally administrable gallium compositions and methods of use
US15/204,989 US9616133B2 (en) 2005-10-27 2016-07-07 Orally administrable gallium compositions and methods of use

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US14/457,930 Active US9492551B2 (en) 2005-10-27 2014-08-12 Orally administrable gallium compositions and methods of use
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US20080113004A1 (en) * 2006-11-09 2008-05-15 Bernstein Lawrence R Local administration of gallium compositions to treat pain
US20090275654A1 (en) * 2008-04-30 2009-11-05 Genta Incorporated Pharmaceutical Gallium Compositions and Methods
WO2010129031A1 (fr) * 2009-05-05 2010-11-11 Map Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Complexes de gallium avec des polyalcools et procédés d'utilisation
WO2011051924A2 (fr) 2009-11-02 2011-05-05 Moshe Rogosnitzky Procédé de traitement de plaie à l'aide de nitrate de gallium liquide
WO2011139868A2 (fr) * 2010-04-29 2011-11-10 Niiki Pharma Inc. Méthode de traitement du cancer de l'oesophage
WO2013025545A2 (fr) * 2011-08-15 2013-02-21 Buchanan Benjamin R Systèmes d'administration de médicament et procédé de réduction d'infection chez le poulain en traitant les juments par des sels de gallium
EP2560648A2 (fr) * 2010-04-23 2013-02-27 Niiki Pharma Inc. Méthode de traitement du cancer du pancréas
CN105126005A (zh) * 2015-09-29 2015-12-09 成都倍加特生物科技有限公司 一种治疗斑秃的内服药物及其制备方法
US11446905B2 (en) 2020-05-06 2022-09-20 The Boeing Company Conductive composite and method for manufacturing a conductive composite
US11559971B2 (en) 2020-05-06 2023-01-24 The Boeing Company Conductive composite and method for manufacturing a conductive composite

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EP1978976A2 (fr) * 2006-01-30 2008-10-15 Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Utilisation du gallium pour le traitement d'infections associées aux films biologiques
WO2008036429A1 (fr) * 2006-03-09 2008-03-27 Bernstein Lawrence R Compositions de gallium pour le traitement du cancer du foie et procédés d'utilisation
CA2676081C (fr) * 2007-02-08 2015-07-07 Medtronic Xomed, Inc. Systeme de solvatation et agent d'etancheite pour une utilisation medicale
EP2262509A4 (fr) * 2008-03-07 2012-02-22 Lawrence Bernstein Composés de gallium et procédés d utilisation pour traiter les maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l intestin
WO2009152374A2 (fr) 2008-06-12 2009-12-17 Medtronic Xomed, Inc. Procédé de traitement de plaies chroniques
EP2413698A4 (fr) 2009-03-30 2013-07-10 Niiki Pharma Inc Procédé de traitement de l'ostéoporose
WO2018146551A2 (fr) 2017-02-10 2018-08-16 Lexi Pharma Inc. Compositions de complexes de gallium (iii) pour administration par voie orale

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US20070128294A1 (en) * 2005-11-07 2007-06-07 Bucalo Louis R Treatment and prevention of liver adverse conditions using gallium
US8168214B2 (en) 2006-11-09 2012-05-01 Bernstein Lawrence R Local administration of gallium compositions to treat pain
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US20090275654A1 (en) * 2008-04-30 2009-11-05 Genta Incorporated Pharmaceutical Gallium Compositions and Methods
WO2010129031A1 (fr) * 2009-05-05 2010-11-11 Map Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Complexes de gallium avec des polyalcools et procédés d'utilisation
WO2011051924A2 (fr) 2009-11-02 2011-05-05 Moshe Rogosnitzky Procédé de traitement de plaie à l'aide de nitrate de gallium liquide
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WO2011139868A2 (fr) * 2010-04-29 2011-11-10 Niiki Pharma Inc. Méthode de traitement du cancer de l'oesophage
WO2013025545A2 (fr) * 2011-08-15 2013-02-21 Buchanan Benjamin R Systèmes d'administration de médicament et procédé de réduction d'infection chez le poulain en traitant les juments par des sels de gallium
WO2013025545A3 (fr) * 2011-08-15 2013-04-25 Buchanan Benjamin R Systèmes d'administration de médicament et procédé de réduction d'infection chez le poulain en traitant les juments par des sels de gallium
CN105126005A (zh) * 2015-09-29 2015-12-09 成都倍加特生物科技有限公司 一种治疗斑秃的内服药物及其制备方法
US11446905B2 (en) 2020-05-06 2022-09-20 The Boeing Company Conductive composite and method for manufacturing a conductive composite
US11559971B2 (en) 2020-05-06 2023-01-24 The Boeing Company Conductive composite and method for manufacturing a conductive composite

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US20160317669A1 (en) 2016-11-03
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WO2007100382A3 (fr) 2008-12-04
EP1993567A2 (fr) 2008-11-26
US9492551B2 (en) 2016-11-15
US9616133B2 (en) 2017-04-11
US20140024633A1 (en) 2014-01-23
WO2007100382A2 (fr) 2007-09-07
US20150038477A1 (en) 2015-02-05

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