US20070071622A1 - Fuel pump assembly - Google Patents
Fuel pump assembly Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20070071622A1 US20070071622A1 US11/600,547 US60054706A US2007071622A1 US 20070071622 A1 US20070071622 A1 US 20070071622A1 US 60054706 A US60054706 A US 60054706A US 2007071622 A1 US2007071622 A1 US 2007071622A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- roller
- shoe
- surface area
- area region
- pump assembly
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B1/04—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement
- F04B1/0404—Details or component parts
- F04B1/0439—Supporting or guiding means for the pistons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
- F02M59/02—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type
- F02M59/10—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type characterised by the piston-drive
- F02M59/102—Mechanical drive, e.g. tappets or cams
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B1/04—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement
- F04B1/0404—Details or component parts
- F04B1/0426—Arrangements for pressing the pistons against the actuated cam; Arrangements for connecting the pistons to the actuated cam
Definitions
- the invention relates to a pump assembly for use in supplying high pressure fuel to the fuel injection system of a compression ignition internal combustion engine.
- a plurality of plungers are reciprocable within respective plunger bores so as to pressurise fuel within respective pumping chambers for delivery to the fuel injection system associated with the engine. It is common to provide three plungers which are equi-angularly spaced around a drive shaft. Each plunger is moveable under the influence of a cam drive arrangement to perform a pumping stroke in which fuel is pressurised within its pumping chamber. A plunger return spring effects a plunger return stroke in which the plunger is retracted from the plunger bore.
- the cam drive arrangement includes a common eccentric cam surface, which is co-operable with all three of the plungers to cause reciprocal movement of the plungers within their respective plunger bores in a phased, cyclical manner.
- Each of the plungers is driven by the cam arrangement via an intermediate drive member.
- each of the plungers may be coupled to a cylindrical tappet member which serves to drive movement of the associated plunger within its bore.
- pump arrangements of this type can be difficult to assemble.
- the tappets require a relatively large accommodation space and are relatively expensive components. Parasitic pumping power losses are also an inherent feature of hydraulic tappet operation.
- each plunger is a roller and show arrangement (a “roller-shoe” drive arrangement), instead of a tappet drive arrangement.
- the roller is co-operable with the cam surface of the cam arrangement so as to impart reciprocal movement to the shoe upon rotation of the drive shaft.
- each shoe is coupled to a plunger which serves to pressurise fuel within a pump chamber as the cam arrangement is driven.
- the pump includes three pump assemblies housed within a unitary, main pump housing.
- a pump housing part in the form of a tubular member is arranged coaxially with the drive shaft and housed within the main pump housing.
- the tubular member is provided with a plurality of apertures, each of which is shaped to guide reciprocal movement of an associated shoe as the roller rides over the cam surface.
- the shoe associated with each plunger is of rectangular or square cross section.
- the filling phase occurs as the plunger is retracted within its bore under the return spring force and the fuel enters the pumping chamber
- the pumping phase occurs as the fuel is forced into the injection system at high pressure (at least 1600 bar).
- Inlet and outlet valves to control fuel flow to and from the pumping chambers, respectively, are provided in flow passages defined within the main pump housing.
- the present invention provides a fuel pump assembly for use in an engine, the fuel pump assembly comprising a pumping plunger which is reciprocable, in use, under the influence of an associated drive arrangement so as to cause pressurisation of fuel within a pumping chamber.
- the drive arrangement includes a shoe and a roller which is cooperable with a driven cam so as to impart reciprocal movement to the shoe as the cam is driven, in use.
- the pump assembly is characterised in that the roller has a first surface area region having a first surface roughness and a second surface area region having a second surface roughness higher than the first surface roughness.
- the shoe is adapted so that the static friction between the roller and the cam is larger than the static friction between the roller and the shoe. In this way, the risk of the roller sliding across the cam surface is therefore reduced.
- the roller can reach its critical speed of rotation quicker compared with a roller having uniform surface roughness. Also, the roller rotation at or above this critical speed is maintained over a range of engine operating conditions, particularly during the filling phase.
- the first surface area region and the second surface area region are provided on an outer surface of the roller.
- the shoe has a bearing surface for the roller, the bearing surface being shaped so that, in use, the first surface area region does not contact the bearing surface. This, therefore, minimises wear between the roller and the shoe.
- the bearing surface is shaped to have a recess that corresponds substantially with the first surface area region of the roller.
- the size of the recess has a width substantially the same or larger than the width of the first surface area region and the first surface area region is a band extending around the roller.
- the first surface area region is approximately midway along the length of the roller.
- the roller can also have a third surface area region having substantially the same surface roughness as the second surface area region, the second and third surface area regions being positioned either side of the first surface area region, and wherein the surface roughness of the second and third surface area regions is higher than the first surface roughness.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a fuel pump assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the pump assembly in FIG. 1 ,
- FIG. 3 is a sectional end view of the pump assembly in FIGS. 1 and 2 ,
- FIG. 4 is a sectional end view of a roller and shoe in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a side view of the roller and shoe of FIG. 4 , with a portion of the shoe cut away for clarity, and
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of part of a main pump assembly housing.
- the pump assembly includes a main pump housing 10 through which a cam drive shaft 12 of the engine extends along a drive shaft axis extending perpendicularly to the plane of the page.
- First, second and third pump heads 13 a , 13 b , 13 c respectively are mounted upon the main pump housing 10 at approximately equi-angularly spaced radial locations around the drive shaft axis, with the drive shaft 12 extending through a central through bore 40 provided in the main pump housing 10 .
- Each pump head 13 a , 13 b , 13 c includes a respective pump head housing 18 a , 18 b , 18 c.
- the pump heads 13 a , 13 b , 13 c are substantially identical to one another and, as can be seen most clearly in FIGS. 2 and 3 , the first pump head 13 a includes a pumping plunger 14 which is reciprocal within a blind bore 16 to perform a pumping cycle having a pumping stroke (or forward stroke) and a return stroke.
- the blind bore 16 is defined partly within the pump head housing 18 a and partly within a plunger support tube 20 which extends from a lower surface of the pump head housing 18 a .
- the blind end of the bore 16 defines, together with the pump head housing 18 a , a pumping chamber 22 . Reciprocating movement of the plunger 14 within the bore 16 causes pressurisation of fuel within the pumping chamber 22 during the pumping stroke.
- the pumping plunger 14 is driven axially within the bore 16 , in use, under the influence of a drive arrangement including a shoe 24 and an associated roller 26 .
- the roller 26 and shoe 24 are shown in further detail in FIGS. 4 and 5 .
- the roller 26 is substantially cylindrical, having a length extending along a longitudinal axis and having a substantially circular cross-section transverse to its length.
- the shoe 24 has a length extending along a longitudinal axis which is substantially the same as the length of the roller.
- the shoe 24 is substantially rectangular in cross-section transverse to its length. In an alternative embodiment, a shoe of square section may also be used.
- the shoe 24 has a bearing surface 49 which is recessed and shaped to receive a longitudinal portion of the roller 26 in use.
- the cross-sectional profile or shape of the bearing surface 49 is substantially semi-circular and has a slightly larger diameter than the diameter of the circular cross-section of the roller 26 so that the roller 26 is rotatable about its longitudinal axis in the bearing surface of the shoe 24 .
- the roller 26 is also co-operable with a cam surface 27 of a cam member 28 which is carried by the drive shaft 12 . As the shaft 12 rotates in use, the roller 26 rides over the cam surface 27 imparting movement to the shoe 24 and, hence, imparting axial movement (i.e. along the main plunger axis) to the pumping plunger 14 to drive the pumping stroke.
- the fuel pump assembly of the present invention differs from known pumps in the configuration of the shoe and roller arrangement.
- the shoe and roller are arranged in a similar manner but the surface roughness of the roller outer face and the co-operable bearing surface of the shoe are selected to be substantially smooth.
- the inventors have now made the surprising discovery that it is advantageous to select the surface roughness of the roller 26 so that it varies along the length of the roller 26 .
- the roller 26 in use, the roller 26 must rotate when assembled in the shoe 24 to enable it to ride or roll over the cam surface 27 . If the roller 26 rotation were to slow down relative to the cam or cease altogether, which may happen under certain operating conditions, the cam member 28 would slide across the stationary roller 26 resulting in increased wear between the components and reducing the life of the engine.
- roller/shoe and the roller/cam interfaces are both immersed in fuel, it is the roller/cam interface that is lubricated in the elastohydrodynamic regime.
- the hydrodynamic lubrication regime operates at the roller/shoe interface once the roller reaches a sufficient rotational speed, which is when the roller-shoe drive arrangement is at its most efficient. It is important for the roller to achieve this sufficient speed as soon as possible after engine start-up and to maintain at least this speed under all operating conditions (e.g. over all engine speeds, over all rail pressures) in order to prevent sliding between the cam and the roller. By preventing sliding between the components, wear is kept to a minimum and pump life is prolonged.
- the adhesive/static frictional force between the roller and the cam must be greater than the resistive force between the roller and the shoe.
- the static frictional force between the roller and the cam is less than the resistive force between the roller and the shoe.
- the adhesive or static force between the roller and the cam is affected by the contact pressure between the surfaces.
- the contact pressure is high due to the force exerted on the plunger by fuel pressure within the pumping chamber.
- the contact pressure is low as the only force is that provided by the return spring which serves to urge the shoe and the roller towards the cam such that the roller maintains contact with the cam surface throughout a complete cam rotation. It is under these conditions that the roller may reduce its rotational speed and in extreme cases stop rotating altogether. Therefore, for maximum efficiency, it is desirable to ensure that the roller continues to rotate during both the filling and the pumping phases.
- a region of the outer surface 50 of the roller 26 is provided with a higher surface roughness than adjoining regions of the outer surface.
- This area of higher surface roughness extends as a band 54 around the circular outer surface 50 of the roller 26 , and over a region approximately midway along the length of the roller 26 . Therefore, the outer surface 50 of the roller can be considered to comprise three regions or bands across the roller 26 ; a first normal surface roughness band 52 , a higher surface roughness band 54 , and a second normal surface roughness band 52 arranged one next to the other.
- the higher surface roughness band 54 on the roller 26 results in increased static friction between the roller 26 and the cam member 28 as the roller 26 rolls over the cam surface 27 .
- the shoe 24 comprises a recess or relief 56 in the bearing surface 49 .
- the recess 56 has a size and shape corresponding to the size and shape of the higher surface roughness region 54 or, alternatively, the size of the recess 56 can be larger than the higher surface roughness region 54 . In this way, only the normal surface roughness regions 52 of the roller 26 contact the bearing surface 49 of the shoe 24 . There is no modification of the cam surface 27 and so all three regions 52 , 54 of the roller surface contact the cam surface 27 (i.e. the roller 26 contacts the cam surface 27 along the entire roller length).
- the adhesive/static frictional force between the roller 26 and the cam surface 27 is greater than the resistive force between the roller 26 and the shoe 24 .
- the benefits of this are twofold. Firstly, upon engine start-up, the roller 26 reaches its critical speed (that speed at which hydrodynamic lubrication occurs at the roller/shoe interface) over a shorter time-scale than for a roller of uniform surface roughness. Secondly, roller rotation at or above this critical speed is maintained over a range of engine operating conditions (engine speed or common rail pressure).
- the invention ensures that the cam/roller friction is higher than the roller/shoe friction. The risk of the roller 26 sliding across the cam surface during the filling phase is therefore reduced.
- the higher surface roughness region 54 does not have to be positioned midway along the length of the roller 26 but can be positioned at any point along the length, as long as a corresponding recess 56 is provided in the bearing surface 49 of the shoe 24 so that the higher surface roughness region 54 does not contact the shoe 24 .
- more than one higher surface roughness region can be provided on the roller, each region having a corresponding recess in the shoe.
- higher surface roughness regions may be provided at the outer ends of the roller 26 with the centre or middle region being of normal surface roughness. This may be beneficial as the load distribution across the roller 26 is at a maximum in the middle region and in this embodiment the roller/shoe bearing interface is maintained in this region.
- each pump head 13 a , 13 b , 13 c co-operates with the cam surface 27 , which is thus common to all three pump heads.
- the rollers co-operate with the common cam surface 27 to cause reciprocating motion of the shoes in a phased, cyclic manner depending on the cam surface profile, as would be understood by a person skilled in this technical field.
- a radially extending opening 32 in the form of a radially extending bore is provided in the main pump housing 10 .
- the opening 32 defines an internal surface of substantially cylindrical form, and a first, hollow insert 30 a , which is associated with the first pump head 13 a , is located within the cylindrical opening 32 so as to be coaxial with the bore 16 .
- the insert 30 a has an outer surface of substantially cylindrical form, which corresponds to the shaping of the internal surface of the opening 32 in the main pump housing 10 .
- the internal surface of the insert 30 a defines a substantially rectangular cross section (in a plane perpendicular to the axis of movement of the plunger 14 and the shoe 24 ).
- the internal surface of the insert 30 a therefore defines first and second pairs of substantially parallel facing walls 34 , 36 , which define a guide path of appropriate form for the rectangular section shoe 24 as it reciprocates, in use.
- the facing internal surfaces 34 of the first pair have a smaller length, along an axis perpendicular to the plunger axis, than the facing internal surfaces 36 of the second pair.
- the insert 30 a is also formed so that the first pair of internal surfaces 34 have a longer length, along the direction of the plunger axis, than the second pair of internal surfaces 36 , and thus upper end regions 130 of the insert 30 a are of increased axial height.
- cross section of the insert guide path is not exactly rectangular (e.g. due to interconnecting corner regions 230 being of curved form —as shown in FIG. 6 ), a guide path of substantially rectangular cross section is defined to provide an adequate guiding surface for the generally rectangular cross section of the shoe 24 .
- the second and third pump heads 13 b , 13 c are also provided with similar inserts 30 b , 30 c , respectively, each of the inserts 30 b , 30 c being received within a correspondingly shaped radial opening or bore (such as 32 ) in the main pump housing 10 .
- Each of first, second and third inserts 30 a , 30 b , 30 c is arranged such that a radially inner end thereof opens into a main axial bore 38 provided in the main pump housing 10 (as can be seen in FIG. 3 ).
- the insert 30 a also defines a spring space 74 located above the shoe 24 (in the orientation shown), within which a return spring 84 is located.
- the return spring 84 serves to urge the shoe 24 and the roller 26 in a radially inward direction such that the roller 26 maintains contact with the cam surface 27 throughout a complete rotation of the drive shaft 12 .
- the force due to the return spring 84 is aided by the force due to fuel pressure within the pumping chamber 22 which acts on the pumping plunger 14 to provide a return force which serves to urge the pumping plunger 14 outwardly from the bore 16 to perform the return stroke. It will be appreciated that this only occurs if the pump is operating at its maximum displacement and, hence, at maximum filling.
- the roller/shoe arrangement may equally be employed in a single plunger pump.
- the pump head within which the plunger reciprocates may be a separate part from the main pump housing (as described previously), or alternatively may form an integral part of the main pump housing.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
A fuel pump assembly for use in an engine comprising a pumping plunger which is reciprocable, in use, under the influence of an associated drive arrangement so as to cause pressurisation of fuel within a pumping chamber. The drive arrangement includes a shoe and a roller which is cooperable with a driven cam so as to impart reciprocal movement to the shoe as the cam is driven, in use. The roller has a first surface area region having a first surface roughness and a second surface area region having a second surface roughness higher than the first surface roughness and in that static friction between the roller and the cam is larger than static friction between the roller and the shoe.
Description
- The invention relates to a pump assembly for use in supplying high pressure fuel to the fuel injection system of a compression ignition internal combustion engine.
- In a known fuel pump for use in a compression ignition internal combustion engine, a plurality of plungers are reciprocable within respective plunger bores so as to pressurise fuel within respective pumping chambers for delivery to the fuel injection system associated with the engine. It is common to provide three plungers which are equi-angularly spaced around a drive shaft. Each plunger is moveable under the influence of a cam drive arrangement to perform a pumping stroke in which fuel is pressurised within its pumping chamber. A plunger return spring effects a plunger return stroke in which the plunger is retracted from the plunger bore.
- The cam drive arrangement includes a common eccentric cam surface, which is co-operable with all three of the plungers to cause reciprocal movement of the plungers within their respective plunger bores in a phased, cyclical manner. Each of the plungers is driven by the cam arrangement via an intermediate drive member. For example, each of the plungers may be coupled to a cylindrical tappet member which serves to drive movement of the associated plunger within its bore. However, pump arrangements of this type can be difficult to assemble. Furthermore, the tappets require a relatively large accommodation space and are relatively expensive components. Parasitic pumping power losses are also an inherent feature of hydraulic tappet operation.
- Our co-pending European patent application, EP 1223334A, describes a multi-plunger fuel pump in which the intermediate drive arrangement for each plunger is a roller and show arrangement (a “roller-shoe” drive arrangement), instead of a tappet drive arrangement. The roller is co-operable with the cam surface of the cam arrangement so as to impart reciprocal movement to the shoe upon rotation of the drive shaft. In turn, each shoe is coupled to a plunger which serves to pressurise fuel within a pump chamber as the cam arrangement is driven. The pump includes three pump assemblies housed within a unitary, main pump housing.
- A pump housing part in the form of a tubular member is arranged coaxially with the drive shaft and housed within the main pump housing. The tubular member is provided with a plurality of apertures, each of which is shaped to guide reciprocal movement of an associated shoe as the roller rides over the cam surface. The shoe associated with each plunger is of rectangular or square cross section.
- There are two phases of pump operation during rotation of the cam. The filling phase occurs as the plunger is retracted within its bore under the return spring force and the fuel enters the pumping chamber, and the pumping phase occurs as the fuel is forced into the injection system at high pressure (at least 1600 bar). Inlet and outlet valves to control fuel flow to and from the pumping chambers, respectively, are provided in flow passages defined within the main pump housing.
- Such roller-shoe drive arrangements, although an improvement on the tappet arrangement discussed above, can have unacceptable levels of unreliability especially in the filling phase.
- It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved pump assembly for use in supplying high pressure fuel.
- The present invention provides a fuel pump assembly for use in an engine, the fuel pump assembly comprising a pumping plunger which is reciprocable, in use, under the influence of an associated drive arrangement so as to cause pressurisation of fuel within a pumping chamber. The drive arrangement includes a shoe and a roller which is cooperable with a driven cam so as to impart reciprocal movement to the shoe as the cam is driven, in use. The pump assembly is characterised in that the roller has a first surface area region having a first surface roughness and a second surface area region having a second surface roughness higher than the first surface roughness. The shoe is adapted so that the static friction between the roller and the cam is larger than the static friction between the roller and the shoe. In this way, the risk of the roller sliding across the cam surface is therefore reduced. Advantageously, the roller can reach its critical speed of rotation quicker compared with a roller having uniform surface roughness. Also, the roller rotation at or above this critical speed is maintained over a range of engine operating conditions, particularly during the filling phase.
- Preferably, the first surface area region and the second surface area region are provided on an outer surface of the roller. Advantageously, the shoe has a bearing surface for the roller, the bearing surface being shaped so that, in use, the first surface area region does not contact the bearing surface. This, therefore, minimises wear between the roller and the shoe. Conveniently, the bearing surface is shaped to have a recess that corresponds substantially with the first surface area region of the roller.
- Preferably, the size of the recess has a width substantially the same or larger than the width of the first surface area region and the first surface area region is a band extending around the roller. In one embodiment the first surface area region is approximately midway along the length of the roller.
- The roller can also have a third surface area region having substantially the same surface roughness as the second surface area region, the second and third surface area regions being positioned either side of the first surface area region, and wherein the surface roughness of the second and third surface area regions is higher than the first surface roughness.
- The invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
-
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a fuel pump assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, -
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the pump assembly inFIG. 1 , -
FIG. 3 is a sectional end view of the pump assembly inFIGS. 1 and 2 , -
FIG. 4 is a sectional end view of a roller and shoe in accordance with the present invention, -
FIG. 5 is a side view of the roller and shoe ofFIG. 4 , with a portion of the shoe cut away for clarity, and -
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of part of a main pump assembly housing. - Referring to FIGS. 1 to 3, there is shown a high pressure fuel pump assembly suitable for use in the fuel injection system of a compression ignition internal combustion engine. In particular, the fuel pump assembly is suitable for use in delivering high pressure fuel to the common rail of a common rail fuel injection system. Many aspects of the fuel pump assembly in
FIG. 1 are known, and these parts will only be described briefly. The pump assembly includes amain pump housing 10 through which acam drive shaft 12 of the engine extends along a drive shaft axis extending perpendicularly to the plane of the page. First, second andthird pump heads main pump housing 10 at approximately equi-angularly spaced radial locations around the drive shaft axis, with thedrive shaft 12 extending through a central throughbore 40 provided in themain pump housing 10. Eachpump head pump head housing - The
pump heads FIGS. 2 and 3 , thefirst pump head 13 a includes apumping plunger 14 which is reciprocal within ablind bore 16 to perform a pumping cycle having a pumping stroke (or forward stroke) and a return stroke. Theblind bore 16 is defined partly within thepump head housing 18 a and partly within aplunger support tube 20 which extends from a lower surface of thepump head housing 18 a. The blind end of thebore 16 defines, together with the pump head housing 18 a, apumping chamber 22. Reciprocating movement of theplunger 14 within thebore 16 causes pressurisation of fuel within thepumping chamber 22 during the pumping stroke. Thepumping plunger 14 is driven axially within thebore 16, in use, under the influence of a drive arrangement including ashoe 24 and an associatedroller 26. - The
roller 26 andshoe 24 are shown in further detail inFIGS. 4 and 5 . Theroller 26 is substantially cylindrical, having a length extending along a longitudinal axis and having a substantially circular cross-section transverse to its length. Theshoe 24 has a length extending along a longitudinal axis which is substantially the same as the length of the roller. Theshoe 24 is substantially rectangular in cross-section transverse to its length. In an alternative embodiment, a shoe of square section may also be used. - The
shoe 24 has abearing surface 49 which is recessed and shaped to receive a longitudinal portion of theroller 26 in use. The cross-sectional profile or shape of thebearing surface 49 is substantially semi-circular and has a slightly larger diameter than the diameter of the circular cross-section of theroller 26 so that theroller 26 is rotatable about its longitudinal axis in the bearing surface of theshoe 24. - The
roller 26 is also co-operable with acam surface 27 of acam member 28 which is carried by thedrive shaft 12. As theshaft 12 rotates in use, theroller 26 rides over thecam surface 27 imparting movement to theshoe 24 and, hence, imparting axial movement (i.e. along the main plunger axis) to thepumping plunger 14 to drive the pumping stroke. - The fuel pump assembly of the present invention differs from known pumps in the configuration of the shoe and roller arrangement. In known fuel pumps of the aforementioned type, the shoe and roller are arranged in a similar manner but the surface roughness of the roller outer face and the co-operable bearing surface of the shoe are selected to be substantially smooth.
- The inventors have now made the surprising discovery that it is advantageous to select the surface roughness of the
roller 26 so that it varies along the length of theroller 26. - It will be appreciated that, in use, the
roller 26 must rotate when assembled in theshoe 24 to enable it to ride or roll over thecam surface 27. If theroller 26 rotation were to slow down relative to the cam or cease altogether, which may happen under certain operating conditions, thecam member 28 would slide across thestationary roller 26 resulting in increased wear between the components and reducing the life of the engine. - Although the roller/shoe and the roller/cam interfaces are both immersed in fuel, it is the roller/cam interface that is lubricated in the elastohydrodynamic regime. The hydrodynamic lubrication regime operates at the roller/shoe interface once the roller reaches a sufficient rotational speed, which is when the roller-shoe drive arrangement is at its most efficient. It is important for the roller to achieve this sufficient speed as soon as possible after engine start-up and to maintain at least this speed under all operating conditions (e.g. over all engine speeds, over all rail pressures) in order to prevent sliding between the cam and the roller. By preventing sliding between the components, wear is kept to a minimum and pump life is prolonged.
- For the roller to rotate and roll across the cam surface, the adhesive/static frictional force between the roller and the cam must be greater than the resistive force between the roller and the shoe. In some situations, such as at engine start-up, the static frictional force between the roller and the cam is less than the resistive force between the roller and the shoe. As a result, the roller does not rotate so that the cam slides across the stationary roller resulting in increased wear between the components.
- The adhesive or static force between the roller and the cam is affected by the contact pressure between the surfaces. During the pumping phase, the contact pressure is high due to the force exerted on the plunger by fuel pressure within the pumping chamber. However, during the filling phase the contact pressure is low as the only force is that provided by the return spring which serves to urge the shoe and the roller towards the cam such that the roller maintains contact with the cam surface throughout a complete cam rotation. It is under these conditions that the roller may reduce its rotational speed and in extreme cases stop rotating altogether. Therefore, for maximum efficiency, it is desirable to ensure that the roller continues to rotate during both the filling and the pumping phases.
- To ensure that the
roller 26 continues to rotate in theshoe 24 during use, a region of the outer surface 50 of theroller 26 is provided with a higher surface roughness than adjoining regions of the outer surface. This area of higher surface roughness extends as aband 54 around the circular outer surface 50 of theroller 26, and over a region approximately midway along the length of theroller 26. Therefore, the outer surface 50 of the roller can be considered to comprise three regions or bands across theroller 26; a first normalsurface roughness band 52, a highersurface roughness band 54, and a second normalsurface roughness band 52 arranged one next to the other. The highersurface roughness band 54 on theroller 26 results in increased static friction between theroller 26 and thecam member 28 as theroller 26 rolls over thecam surface 27. - To ensure that the higher
surface roughness band 54 of theroller 26 does not contact the bearingsurface 49 of theshoe 24, theshoe 24 comprises a recess orrelief 56 in the bearingsurface 49. Therecess 56 has a size and shape corresponding to the size and shape of the highersurface roughness region 54 or, alternatively, the size of therecess 56 can be larger than the highersurface roughness region 54. In this way, only the normalsurface roughness regions 52 of theroller 26 contact the bearingsurface 49 of theshoe 24. There is no modification of thecam surface 27 and so all threeregions roller 26 contacts thecam surface 27 along the entire roller length). - By virtue of the higher
surface roughness region 54 on theroller 26, the adhesive/static frictional force between theroller 26 and thecam surface 27 is greater than the resistive force between theroller 26 and theshoe 24. The benefits of this are twofold. Firstly, upon engine start-up, theroller 26 reaches its critical speed (that speed at which hydrodynamic lubrication occurs at the roller/shoe interface) over a shorter time-scale than for a roller of uniform surface roughness. Secondly, roller rotation at or above this critical speed is maintained over a range of engine operating conditions (engine speed or common rail pressure). In particular, during filling when the load on the cam is relatively low and the risk of the roller sliding, relative to the cam, would be higher, the invention ensures that the cam/roller friction is higher than the roller/shoe friction. The risk of theroller 26 sliding across the cam surface during the filling phase is therefore reduced. - The higher
surface roughness region 54 does not have to be positioned midway along the length of theroller 26 but can be positioned at any point along the length, as long as acorresponding recess 56 is provided in the bearingsurface 49 of theshoe 24 so that the highersurface roughness region 54 does not contact theshoe 24. As a further alternative, more than one higher surface roughness region can be provided on the roller, each region having a corresponding recess in the shoe. - In a further alternative embodiment, higher surface roughness regions may be provided at the outer ends of the
roller 26 with the centre or middle region being of normal surface roughness. This may be beneficial as the load distribution across theroller 26 is at a maximum in the middle region and in this embodiment the roller/shoe bearing interface is maintained in this region. - It will be appreciated that the shoe and roller arrangement of each
pump head cam surface 27, which is thus common to all three pump heads. As thedrive shaft 12 rotates, the rollers co-operate with thecommon cam surface 27 to cause reciprocating motion of the shoes in a phased, cyclic manner depending on the cam surface profile, as would be understood by a person skilled in this technical field. - For the sake of completeness, there now follows a description of one way in which the shoes may be mounted and guided within the assembly. Referring to
FIG. 6 , aradially extending opening 32 in the form of a radially extending bore is provided in themain pump housing 10. Theopening 32 defines an internal surface of substantially cylindrical form, and a first,hollow insert 30 a, which is associated with thefirst pump head 13 a, is located within thecylindrical opening 32 so as to be coaxial with thebore 16. Theinsert 30 a has an outer surface of substantially cylindrical form, which corresponds to the shaping of the internal surface of theopening 32 in themain pump housing 10. The internal surface of theinsert 30 a defines a substantially rectangular cross section (in a plane perpendicular to the axis of movement of theplunger 14 and the shoe 24). The internal surface of theinsert 30 a therefore defines first and second pairs of substantially parallel facingwalls rectangular section shoe 24 as it reciprocates, in use. The facinginternal surfaces 34 of the first pair have a smaller length, along an axis perpendicular to the plunger axis, than the facinginternal surfaces 36 of the second pair. Theinsert 30 a is also formed so that the first pair ofinternal surfaces 34 have a longer length, along the direction of the plunger axis, than the second pair ofinternal surfaces 36, and thusupper end regions 130 of theinsert 30 a are of increased axial height. - It will be appreciated that although the cross section of the insert guide path is not exactly rectangular (e.g. due to interconnecting
corner regions 230 being of curved form —as shown inFIG. 6 ), a guide path of substantially rectangular cross section is defined to provide an adequate guiding surface for the generally rectangular cross section of theshoe 24. - The second and third pump heads 13 b, 13 c are also provided with
similar inserts inserts main pump housing 10. Each of first, second andthird inserts FIG. 3 ). - The
insert 30 a also defines aspring space 74 located above the shoe 24 (in the orientation shown), within which areturn spring 84 is located. Thereturn spring 84 serves to urge theshoe 24 and theroller 26 in a radially inward direction such that theroller 26 maintains contact with thecam surface 27 throughout a complete rotation of thedrive shaft 12. The force due to thereturn spring 84 is aided by the force due to fuel pressure within the pumpingchamber 22 which acts on the pumpingplunger 14 to provide a return force which serves to urge the pumpingplunger 14 outwardly from thebore 16 to perform the return stroke. It will be appreciated that this only occurs if the pump is operating at its maximum displacement and, hence, at maximum filling. - Although the invention has been described for use in a multi-plunger pump, it will be appreciated that the roller/shoe arrangement may equally be employed in a single plunger pump. In either a multi-plunger pump or a single plunger embodiment, the pump head within which the plunger reciprocates may be a separate part from the main pump housing (as described previously), or alternatively may form an integral part of the main pump housing.
Claims (13)
1. A fuel pump assembly for use in an engine, the fuel pump assembly comprising:
a pumping plunger (14) which is reciprocable, in use, under the influence of an associated drive arrangement (24, 26) so as to cause pressurisation of fuel within a pumping chamber (22),
the drive arrangement including a shoe (24) and a roller (26) which is cooperable with a driven cam (28) so as to impart reciprocal movement to the shoe (24) as the cam (28) is driven, in use,
characterised in that the roller (26) has a first surface area region (54) having a first surface roughness and a second surface area region (52) having a second surface roughness higher than the first surface roughness and in that static friction between the roller (26) and the cam (28) is larger than static friction between the roller (26) and the shoe (24).
2. A fuel pump as claimed as in claim 1 , wherein the first surface area region (54) and the second surface area region (52) are provided on an outer surface (50) of the roller (26).
3. A fuel pump assembly as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the shoe (24) has a bearing surface (49) for the roller (26), the bearing surface (49) being shaped so that, in use, the first surface area region (54) does not contact the bearing surface (49).
4. A fuel pump assembly as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the bearing surface (49) is shaped to having a recess (56) that corresponds substantially with the first surface area region (54) of the roller (26).
5. A fuel pump assembly as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the size of the recess (56) has a width substantially the same or larger than the width of the first surface area region (54).
6. A fuel pump assembly as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first surface area region (54) is a band extending around the roller (26).
7. A fuel pump assembly as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the roller (26) has a third surface area region (52) having substantially the same surface roughness as the second surface area region (52), the second and third surface area regions (52) being positioned either side of the first surface area region (54).
8. A fuel pump assembly as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the surface roughness of both the second and third surface area regions (52) is higher than the first surface roughness.
9. A fuel pump assembly as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the first surface area region is approximately midway along the length of the roller (26).
10. A fuel pump assembly for use in an engine, the fuel pump assembly comprising:
a pumping plunger (14) which is reciprocable, in use, under the influence of an associated drive arrangement (24, 26) so as to cause pressurisation of fuel within a pumping chamber (22),
the drive arrangement including a shoe (24) and a roller (26) which is cooperable with a driven cam (28) so as to impart reciprocal movement to the shoe (24) as the cam (28) is driven, in use,
characterised in that an outer surface (50) of the roller (26) has a first surface area region (54) having a first surface roughness and a second surface area region (52) having a second surface roughness higher than the first surface roughness.
11. A fuel pump assembly as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the shoe (24) is adapted so that the static friction between the roller (26) and the cam (28) is larger than the static friction between the roller (26) and the shoe (24).
12. A fuel pump assembly for use in an engine, the fuel pump assembly comprising:
a pumping plunger (14) which is reciprocable, in use, under the influence of an associated drive arrangement (24, 26) so as to cause pressurisation of fuel within a pumping chamber (22),
the drive arrangement including a shoe (24) and a roller (26) which is cooperable with a driven cam (28) so as to impart reciprocal movement to the shoe (24) as the cam (28) is driven, in use,
characterised in that the roller (26) has a first surface area region (54) having a first surface roughness and a second surface area region (52) having a second surface roughness higher than the first surface roughness and in that the shoe (24) has a bearing surface (49) for the roller (26), which is shaped to correspond substantially with the first surface area region (54) of the roller (26) so that, in use, the first surface area region (54) does not contact the bearing surface (49).
13. A fuel pump assembly as claimed in claim 14, wherein the bearing surface (49) is shaped to having a recess (56) that corresponds substantially with the first surface area region (54) of the roller (26).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0519680.3 | 2005-09-27 | ||
GBGB0519680.3A GB0519680D0 (en) | 2005-09-27 | 2005-09-27 | Fuel pump assembly |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20070071622A1 true US20070071622A1 (en) | 2007-03-29 |
Family
ID=35335537
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/600,547 Abandoned US20070071622A1 (en) | 2005-09-27 | 2006-11-16 | Fuel pump assembly |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20070071622A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1767772B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2007092754A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE439518T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE602006008396D1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB0519680D0 (en) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100189573A1 (en) * | 2009-01-23 | 2010-07-29 | Randall Walters | Rotary pressure production turbine |
DE102010062159A1 (en) | 2010-11-30 | 2012-05-31 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | high pressure pump |
CN103266973A (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2013-08-28 | 龙口龙泵燃油喷射有限公司 | Radial high-pressure oil feed pump of high-speed diesel engine |
CN103423045A (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2013-12-04 | 德尔福技术控股有限公司 | High pressure fuel pump assembly |
CN103867416A (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2014-06-18 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Tribo system for a piston unit and hydrostatic radial piston engine equipped therewith |
US8915232B2 (en) | 2012-02-10 | 2014-12-23 | Denso Corporation | Fuel supply pump |
US9567960B2 (en) | 2014-03-25 | 2017-02-14 | Cummins Inc. | Fuel pump tappet assembly |
WO2017029295A1 (en) * | 2015-08-18 | 2017-02-23 | Delphi International Operations Luxembourg S.À R.L. | High pressure diesel fuel pumps |
CN106709153A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-05-24 | 中国农业大学 | Method for determining blowing sand rate of forebay of pumping station |
US9835123B2 (en) | 2015-01-13 | 2017-12-05 | Roller Bearing Company Of America, Inc. | Roller for a fuel pump actuator |
US20230213011A1 (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2023-07-06 | Cummins Inc. | Pump housing with relief cut for lobe clearance |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102008008438A1 (en) * | 2008-02-11 | 2009-08-13 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | High-pressure pump has tappet, which serves for indirect support of piston with longitudinal axis at drive shaft over roller, which is pivotally coupled with tappet |
DE102008017222A1 (en) * | 2008-04-04 | 2009-10-08 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Pump arrangement for conveying a fluid |
IT1395132B1 (en) * | 2009-08-05 | 2012-09-05 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | HIGH PRESSURE PUMP |
JP2012172537A (en) * | 2011-02-18 | 2012-09-10 | Denso Corp | Fuel supply pump, and method of manufacturing fuel supply pump |
GB201507709D0 (en) * | 2015-05-06 | 2015-06-17 | Delphi Internat Operations Luxembourg S � R L | High pressure diesel fuel pumps and shoe guides |
CN105298705B (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2017-11-24 | 北京航科发动机控制系统科技有限公司 | A kind of method for ensureing that bearing and bushing fasten by dynamometry |
GB2555595A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2018-05-09 | Delphi Int Operations Luxembourg Sarl | Fuel pump and shoe guide |
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US6951165B2 (en) * | 2002-01-11 | 2005-10-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel pump for an internal combustion engine |
US7308849B2 (en) * | 2003-11-25 | 2007-12-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | High-pressure pump, in particular for a fuel injection device of an internal combustion engine |
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US6237441B1 (en) * | 1998-03-19 | 2001-05-29 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Combination of shim and cam |
GB0100667D0 (en) * | 2001-01-10 | 2001-02-21 | Delphi Tech Inc | Fuel pump |
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2005
- 2005-09-27 GB GBGB0519680.3A patent/GB0519680D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2006
- 2006-08-30 AT AT06254515T patent/ATE439518T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-08-30 EP EP06254515A patent/EP1767772B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-08-30 DE DE602006008396T patent/DE602006008396D1/en active Active
- 2006-09-26 JP JP2006260090A patent/JP2007092754A/en active Pending
- 2006-11-16 US US11/600,547 patent/US20070071622A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US6073537A (en) * | 1996-08-08 | 2000-06-13 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Roller bush for fuel injection pump |
US5775203A (en) * | 1997-01-28 | 1998-07-07 | Cummins Engine Company, Inc. | High pressure fuel pump assembly |
US6216583B1 (en) * | 1997-07-11 | 2001-04-17 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Piston pump for high pressure fuel supply |
US6951165B2 (en) * | 2002-01-11 | 2005-10-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel pump for an internal combustion engine |
US7308849B2 (en) * | 2003-11-25 | 2007-12-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | High-pressure pump, in particular for a fuel injection device of an internal combustion engine |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100189573A1 (en) * | 2009-01-23 | 2010-07-29 | Randall Walters | Rotary pressure production turbine |
US8360743B2 (en) * | 2009-01-23 | 2013-01-29 | Randy Walters | Rotary pressure production device |
DE102010062159A1 (en) | 2010-11-30 | 2012-05-31 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | high pressure pump |
WO2012072294A1 (en) | 2010-11-30 | 2012-06-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | High-pressure pump |
US8915232B2 (en) | 2012-02-10 | 2014-12-23 | Denso Corporation | Fuel supply pump |
CN103423045A (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2013-12-04 | 德尔福技术控股有限公司 | High pressure fuel pump assembly |
CN103867416A (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2014-06-18 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Tribo system for a piston unit and hydrostatic radial piston engine equipped therewith |
US20140165825A1 (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2014-06-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Tribo system for a piston unit and hydrostatic radial piston engine equipped therewith |
CN103266973A (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2013-08-28 | 龙口龙泵燃油喷射有限公司 | Radial high-pressure oil feed pump of high-speed diesel engine |
US9567960B2 (en) | 2014-03-25 | 2017-02-14 | Cummins Inc. | Fuel pump tappet assembly |
US9835123B2 (en) | 2015-01-13 | 2017-12-05 | Roller Bearing Company Of America, Inc. | Roller for a fuel pump actuator |
WO2017029295A1 (en) * | 2015-08-18 | 2017-02-23 | Delphi International Operations Luxembourg S.À R.L. | High pressure diesel fuel pumps |
CN106709153A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-05-24 | 中国农业大学 | Method for determining blowing sand rate of forebay of pumping station |
US20230213011A1 (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2023-07-06 | Cummins Inc. | Pump housing with relief cut for lobe clearance |
US12012917B2 (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2024-06-18 | Cummins Inc. | Pump housing with relief cut for lobe clearance |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE439518T1 (en) | 2009-08-15 |
GB0519680D0 (en) | 2005-11-02 |
JP2007092754A (en) | 2007-04-12 |
EP1767772A1 (en) | 2007-03-28 |
EP1767772B1 (en) | 2009-08-12 |
DE602006008396D1 (en) | 2009-09-24 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: DELPHI TECHNOLOGIES, INC., MICHIGAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SCHOEPPE, DETLEV;REEL/FRAME:022914/0919 Effective date: 20061009 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO PAY ISSUE FEE |