US20070006446A1 - Method of manufacturing head gimbal assemblies, actuators and disk drives by removing thermal pole-tip protrusion at the spin stand level - Google Patents
Method of manufacturing head gimbal assemblies, actuators and disk drives by removing thermal pole-tip protrusion at the spin stand level Download PDFInfo
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- US20070006446A1 US20070006446A1 US11/464,488 US46448806A US2007006446A1 US 20070006446 A1 US20070006446 A1 US 20070006446A1 US 46448806 A US46448806 A US 46448806A US 2007006446 A1 US2007006446 A1 US 2007006446A1
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- Prior art keywords
- track
- pole tip
- tip protrusion
- head gimbal
- thermal pole
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/127—Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive
- G11B5/31—Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive using thin films
- G11B5/3109—Details
- G11B5/313—Disposition of layers
- G11B5/3133—Disposition of layers including layers not usually being a part of the electromagnetic transducer structure and providing additional features, e.g. for improving heat radiation, reduction of power dissipation, adaptations for measurement or indication of gap depth or other properties of the structure
- G11B5/3136—Disposition of layers including layers not usually being a part of the electromagnetic transducer structure and providing additional features, e.g. for improving heat radiation, reduction of power dissipation, adaptations for measurement or indication of gap depth or other properties of the structure for reducing the pole-tip-protrusion at the head transducing surface, e.g. caused by thermal expansion of dissimilar materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/455—Arrangements for functional testing of heads; Measuring arrangements for heads
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/48—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed
- G11B5/4806—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed specially adapted for disk drive assemblies, e.g. assembly prior to operation, hard or flexible disk drives
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/48—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed
- G11B5/4806—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed specially adapted for disk drive assemblies, e.g. assembly prior to operation, hard or flexible disk drives
- G11B5/4833—Structure of the arm assembly, e.g. load beams, flexures, parts of the arm adapted for controlling vertical force on the head
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/48—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed
- G11B5/4806—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed specially adapted for disk drive assemblies, e.g. assembly prior to operation, hard or flexible disk drives
- G11B5/484—Integrated arm assemblies, e.g. formed by material deposition or by etching from single piece of metal or by lamination of materials forming a single arm/suspension/head unit
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/012—Recording on, or reproducing or erasing from, magnetic disks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/4902—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor
- Y10T29/49021—Magnetic recording reproducing transducer [e.g., tape head, core, etc.]
- Y10T29/49025—Making disc drive
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/4902—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor
- Y10T29/49021—Magnetic recording reproducing transducer [e.g., tape head, core, etc.]
- Y10T29/49027—Mounting preformed head/core onto other structure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/4902—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor
- Y10T29/49021—Magnetic recording reproducing transducer [e.g., tape head, core, etc.]
- Y10T29/49027—Mounting preformed head/core onto other structure
- Y10T29/49028—Mounting multitrack head
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/4902—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor
- Y10T29/49021—Magnetic recording reproducing transducer [e.g., tape head, core, etc.]
- Y10T29/49032—Fabricating head structure or component thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/4902—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor
- Y10T29/49021—Magnetic recording reproducing transducer [e.g., tape head, core, etc.]
- Y10T29/49032—Fabricating head structure or component thereof
- Y10T29/49036—Fabricating head structure or component thereof including measuring or testing
Definitions
- This invention relates to improving disk drive reliability by removing head gimbal assemblies with thermal pole tip protrusion tendencies early in the manufacturing process.
- Disk drives are an important data storage technology.
- Read-write heads are one of the crucial components of a disk drive, directly communicating with a disk surface containing the data storage medium. Read-write heads generate heat during write operations due to the large currents required for that operation. The inventors have discovered quality problems associated with thermal expansion, causing tip protrusion. A review of the relevant background will be made before discussing their discovery of the problem and their solutions.
- FIG. 1A illustrates a typical prior art high capacity disk drive 10 including actuator arm 30 with voice coil 32 , actuator axis 40 , head arms 50 - 58 with head suspension assembly 60 placed among the disks.
- FIG. 1B illustrates a typical prior art high capacity disk drive 10 with actuator 20 including actuator arm 30 with voice coil 32 , actuator axis 40 , head arms 50 - 56 and head suspension assemblies 60 - 66 with the disks removed.
- FIG. 2A illustrates a head gimbal assembly including head suspension assembly 60 with head slider 100 containing the read-write head 200 of the prior art.
- high capacity disk drives 10 have used voice coil actuators 20 - 66 to position their read-write heads over specific tracks.
- the heads are mounted on head sliders 100 , which float a small distance off the disk drive surface when in operation.
- the flotation process is referred to as an air bearing.
- the air bearing is formed by the read-write heads 200 , illustrated in FIG. 2A , and head slider 100 , as illustrated in FIGS. 1A-2A .
- the flying height of the air bearing is very small, often about 100 Angstroms, or about 0.4 millionths of an inch, which is far smaller than a human hair.
- Voice coil actuators are further composed of a fixed magnet actuator 20 interacting with a time varying electromagnetic field induced by voice coil 32 to provide a lever action via actuator axis 40 .
- the lever action acts to move head gimbal assemblies 50 - 56 , positioning head suspension assemblies 60 - 66 , and their associated head sliders 100 containing read-write heads 200 , over specific tracks with speed and accuracy.
- Actuator arms 30 are often considered to include voice coil 32 , actuator axis 40 , head gimbal assemblies 50 - 56 and head suspensions 60 - 66 .
- An actuator arm 30 may have as few as a single head gimbal assembly 50 .
- a single head gimbal assembly 52 may connect with two head suspensions 62 and 64 , each with at least one head slider.
- FIG. 2B illustrates the relationship between the principal axis 110 of an actuator arm 50 containing suspension 60 , which in turn contains head slider 100 , as found in the prior art.
- FIG. 2C illustrates a simplified schematic of a disk drive controller 1000 of the prior art, which may be used to control a spin stand test unit.
- Disk drive controller 1000 controls an analog read-write interface 220 communicating resistivity found in the spin valve within read-write head 200 . Disk drive controller 1000 concurrently controls servo-controller 240 driving voice coil 32 , of the voice coil actuator, to position read-write head 200 to access a rotating magnetic disk surface 12 of the prior art.
- Analog read-write interface 220 frequently includes a channel interface 222 communicating with pre-amplifier 224 .
- Channel interface 222 receives commands, from embedded disk controller 100 , setting at least the read_bias and write_bias.
- Various disk drive analog read-write interfaces 220 may employ either a read current bias or a read voltage bias.
- the resistance of the read head is determined by measuring the voltage drop (V_rd) across the read differential signal pair (r+ and r ⁇ ) based upon the read bias current setting read_bias, using Ohm's Law.
- FIG. 2D illustrates a detailed view head suspension 60 of the prior art.
- a prior art head suspension 60 includes suspension load beam 80 mechanically coupled via hinge 82 with extended base plate 84 .
- Head suspension 60 further includes flexure 86 , providing electrical interconnections of the read and write differential signal pairs 210 , between the disk drive analog interface 220 and read-write head 200 (both in FIG. 2C ).
- the head gimbal assembly includes head slider 100 rigidly mounted on head suspension 60 , with read-write head 200 electrically connected to flexure 86 .
- Head slider 100 is mounted over the right portion of suspension load beam 80 so that read-write head 200 makes contact with flexure 86 .
- the hinge 82 includes a spring mechanism.
- Suspension load beam 80 , hinge 82 and extended base plate 84 are all typically made from stainless steel.
- Flexure 86 is a flex printed circuit typically made using polyamide and copper traces.
- Thermal pole tip protrusion is caused by the materials in and around the head slider expanding during write operations till part of those materials protrude, leading to contact with the rotating disk surface. Contact can degrade the write performance by altering the flying height. Contact can also wear down part of the disk surface.
- the inventors realized that they could detect the problem at the spin stand level by testing head gimbal assemblies to reliably, and inexpensively, predict the tendency for thermal pole tip protrusion. This leads to selection of head gimbal assemblies, which do not have the thermal pole tip protrusion tendency. The selected head gimbal assemblies have better reliability, as do actuators and disk drives made with the selected head gimbal assemblies.
- FIG. 1A illustrates a typical prior art high capacity disk drive 10 including actuator arm 30 with voice coil 32 , actuator axis 40 , suspension or head arms 50 - 58 with slider/head unit 60 placed among the disks;
- FIG. 1B illustrates a typical prior art high capacity disk drive 10 with actuator 20 including actuator arm 30 with voice coil 32 , actuator axis 40 , head arms 50 - 56 and slider/head units 60 - 66 with the disks removed;
- FIG. 2A illustrates a suspended head slider 60 containing the read-write head 200 of the prior art
- FIG. 2B illustrates the relationship between the principal axis 110 of an actuator arm 50 containing suspension 60 , which in turn contains head slider 100 , as found in the prior art;
- FIG. 2C illustrates a simplified schematic of a disk drive controller 1000 of the prior art, which may be used to control a spin stand test unit;
- FIG. 2D illustrates a detailed view head suspension 60 of the prior art
- FIG. 3A illustrates an extension of program system 2000 of FIG. 2C estimating a thermal pole tip protrusion tendency for a head gimbal assembly containing a read-write head;
- FIG. 3B illustrates a detail flowchart of operation 2010 of FIG. 3A further determining the thermal pole tip protrusion tendency for a track collection member, as at least one, and often preferably both, of the operations in this flowchart;
- FIG. 4A illustrates a sudden MRR change event with an amount MRR change ( ⁇ MRR) and a MRR value
- FIG. 4B illustrates an amplitude modulation envelope at essentially the rotational frequency showing a maximum voltage swing V and a deviation ⁇ V from the maximum voltage swing V;
- FIG. 5 illustrates a detail flowchart of operation 2052 of FIG. 3B further monitoring the change in magneto-resistance
- FIG. 6 illustrates a detail flowchart of operation 2062 of FIG. 3B further detecting the amplitude modulation envelope.
- Thermal pole tip protrusion is caused by the materials in and around the head slider expanding during write operations until part of those materials protrude, leading to contact with the rotating disk surface. Contact can degrade the write performance by altering the flying height. Contact can also wear down part of the disk surface.
- the inventors realized that they could detect the problem at the spin stand level by testing head gimbal assemblies to reliably, and inexpensively, estimate the tendency for thermal pole tip protrusion. This leads to selection of head gimbal assemblies, which do not have the thermal pole tip protrusion tendency. The selected head gimbal assemblies have better reliability, as do actuators and disk drives made with the selected head gimbal assemblies.
- the operation of starting a flowchart refers to at least one of the following. Entering a subroutine in a macro instruction sequence in a computer. Entering into a deeper node of an inferential graph. Directing a state transition in a finite state machine, possibly while pushing a return state. And triggering a collection of neurons in a neural network.
- the operation of termination in a flowchart refers to at least one or more of the following.
- the completion of those operations which may result in a subroutine return, traversal of a higher node in an inferential graph, popping of a previously stored state in a finite state machine, return to dormancy of the firing neurons of the neural network.
- a computer as used herein will include, but is not limited to an instruction processor.
- the instruction processor includes at least one instruction processing element and at least one data processing element, each data processing element controlled by at least one instruction processing element.
- FIG. 3A illustrates an extension of program system 2000 of FIG. 2C estimating a thermal pole tip protrusion tendency for a head gimbal assembly containing a read-write head.
- Operation 2012 performs determining the thermal pole tip protrusion tendency for the head gimbal assembly on the track collection member, for each track collection member.
- Operation 2022 performs predicting the thermal pole tip protrusion tendency for the head gimbal assembly based upon, for each of the track collection members, the thermal pole tip protrusion tendency on the track collection member.
- the track collection includes at least an inside diameter track of a disk surface and an outside diameter track of the disk surface.
- the track collection may further preferably include a middle diameter track of the disk surface.
- the invention utilizes the following, for each of the track collection members.
- the read-write head can provide a magneto-resistance from a disk surface while performing a write operation to the track collection member on the disk surface, as well as provide a voltage while reading the track collection member at a bias current.
- the disk surface rotates at a rotational frequency during these operations. Typical rotational frequencies include the following: 120 Hz for a 7200 RPM disk and 240 Hz for a 14400 RPM disk.
- FIG. 3B illustrates a detail flowchart of operation 2010 of FIG. 3A further determining the thermal pole tip protrusion tendency for a track collection member, as at least one, and often preferably both, of the operations in this flowchart.
- Operation 2052 performs monitoring a change of the magneto-resistance while the read-write head performs the write operation on the track collection member to determine the thermal pole tip protrusion tendency.
- Operation 2062 performs detecting an amplitude modulation envelope for the voltage at essentially the rotational frequency for the track collection member written to determine the thermal pole tip protrusion tendency.
- FIG. 4A illustrates a sudden MRR change event with an amount MRR change ( ⁇ MRR) and a MRR value.
- FIG. 4B illustrates an amplitude modulation envelope at essentially the rotational frequency showing a maximum voltage swing V and a deviation ⁇ V from the maximum voltage swing V.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a detail flowchart of operation 2052 of FIG. 3B further monitoring the change in magneto-resistance.
- Operation 2072 performs observing the magneto-resistance while the read-write head performs the write operation on the track collection member to create a sudden MRR change event collection and to create a MRR value.
- Operation 2082 performs determining a number of the sudden MRR change event collection members.
- Operation 2092 performs determining a change characteristic based upon an amount MRR change divided by the MRR value, for each of the sudden MRR change event collection members.
- Operation 2102 performs determining the thermal pole tip protrusion tendency based upon the number of the sudden MRR change event collection members and based upon the change characteristic for the sudden MRR change event collection members.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a detail flowchart of operation 2062 of FIG. 3B further detecting the amplitude modulation envelope.
- Operation 2132 performs the read-write head reading the track collection member at a current bias to create a track voltage table.
- Operation 2142 performs processing the track voltage table at essentially the rotational frequency to generate an amplitude modulation envelope for the voltage at essentially the rotational frequency.
- Operation 2152 performs calculating a maximum voltage swing for the amplitude modulation envelope.
- Operation 2162 performs calculating a deviation from the maximum voltage swing for the amplitude modulation envelope.
- Operation 2172 performs determining the thermal pole tip protrusion tendency for the track collection member based upon the deviation and based upon the maximum voltage swing.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Recording Or Reproducing By Magnetic Means (AREA)
- Magnetic Heads (AREA)
Abstract
Thermal pole tip protrusion is caused by the materials in and around the head slider expanding during write operations till part of those materials protrude, leading to contact with the rotating disk surface, altering the flying height and often wearing down part of the disk surface. While it is well known that read-write heads expand during writing, the inventors are unaware of anyone else who recognized this situation's significance, particularly as the flying height decreases and the data rates increase, both of which are required for high areal density disk drives. The inventors realized that they could detect the problem at the spin stand level by testing head gimbal assemblies to reliably, and inexpensively, predict the tendency for thermal pole tip protrusion. This leads to selection of head gimbal assemblies, which do not have the thermal pole tip protrusion tendency. The selected head gimbal assemblies have better reliability, as do actuators and disk drives made with the selected head gimbal assemblies.
Description
- This Application is a Divisional of pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/256,553 filed Sep. 26, 2003.
- This invention relates to improving disk drive reliability by removing head gimbal assemblies with thermal pole tip protrusion tendencies early in the manufacturing process.
- Disk drives are an important data storage technology. Read-write heads are one of the crucial components of a disk drive, directly communicating with a disk surface containing the data storage medium. Read-write heads generate heat during write operations due to the large currents required for that operation. The inventors have discovered quality problems associated with thermal expansion, causing tip protrusion. A review of the relevant background will be made before discussing their discovery of the problem and their solutions.
-
FIG. 1A illustrates a typical prior art highcapacity disk drive 10 includingactuator arm 30 withvoice coil 32,actuator axis 40, head arms 50-58 withhead suspension assembly 60 placed among the disks. -
FIG. 1B illustrates a typical prior art highcapacity disk drive 10 withactuator 20 includingactuator arm 30 withvoice coil 32,actuator axis 40, head arms 50-56 and head suspension assemblies 60-66 with the disks removed. -
FIG. 2A illustrates a head gimbal assembly includinghead suspension assembly 60 withhead slider 100 containing the read-writehead 200 of the prior art. - Since the 1980's, high
capacity disk drives 10 have used voice coil actuators 20-66 to position their read-write heads over specific tracks. The heads are mounted onhead sliders 100, which float a small distance off the disk drive surface when in operation. The flotation process is referred to as an air bearing. The air bearing is formed by the read-writeheads 200, illustrated inFIG. 2A , andhead slider 100, as illustrated inFIGS. 1A-2A . The flying height of the air bearing is very small, often about 100 Angstroms, or about 0.4 millionths of an inch, which is far smaller than a human hair. - Often there is one head per head slider for a given disk drive surface. There are usually multiple heads in a single disk drive, but for economic reasons, usually only one voice coil actuator.
- Voice coil actuators are further composed of a
fixed magnet actuator 20 interacting with a time varying electromagnetic field induced byvoice coil 32 to provide a lever action viaactuator axis 40. The lever action acts to move head gimbal assemblies 50-56, positioning head suspension assemblies 60-66, and their associatedhead sliders 100 containing read-writeheads 200, over specific tracks with speed and accuracy.Actuator arms 30 are often considered to includevoice coil 32,actuator axis 40, head gimbal assemblies 50-56 and head suspensions 60-66. Anactuator arm 30 may have as few as a singlehead gimbal assembly 50. A singlehead gimbal assembly 52 may connect with twohead suspensions -
FIG. 2B illustrates the relationship between the principal axis 110 of anactuator arm 50 containingsuspension 60, which in turn containshead slider 100, as found in the prior art. -
FIG. 2C illustrates a simplified schematic of adisk drive controller 1000 of the prior art, which may be used to control a spin stand test unit. -
Disk drive controller 1000 controls an analog read-write interface 220 communicating resistivity found in the spin valve within read-writehead 200.Disk drive controller 1000 concurrently controls servo-controller 240driving voice coil 32, of the voice coil actuator, to position read-writehead 200 to access a rotatingmagnetic disk surface 12 of the prior art. - Analog read-
write interface 220 frequently includes achannel interface 222 communicating with pre-amplifier 224.Channel interface 222 receives commands, from embeddeddisk controller 100, setting at least the read_bias and write_bias. - Various disk drive analog read-
write interfaces 220 may employ either a read current bias or a read voltage bias. By way of example, the resistance of the read head is determined by measuring the voltage drop (V_rd) across the read differential signal pair (r+ and r−) based upon the read bias current setting read_bias, using Ohm's Law. -
FIG. 2D illustrates a detailedview head suspension 60 of the prior art. - A prior
art head suspension 60 includessuspension load beam 80 mechanically coupled viahinge 82 withextended base plate 84.Head suspension 60 further includesflexure 86, providing electrical interconnections of the read and writedifferential signal pairs 210, between the disk driveanalog interface 220 and read-write head 200 (both inFIG. 2C ). - The head gimbal assembly includes
head slider 100 rigidly mounted onhead suspension 60, with read-writehead 200 electrically connected toflexure 86.Head slider 100 is mounted over the right portion ofsuspension load beam 80 so that read-writehead 200 makes contact withflexure 86. - The
hinge 82 includes a spring mechanism.Suspension load beam 80,hinge 82 and extendedbase plate 84 are all typically made from stainless steel. Flexure 86 is a flex printed circuit typically made using polyamide and copper traces. - What is needed are reliable head gimbal assemblies and actuators, which will minimize read-write head crashes by reliably maintaining the flying height, even as the flying height decreases and the data rates increase, to insure the quality of the disk drives in which they are used. The inventors know of no known discussion of the relationship between thermal pole tip protrusion to reliably maintaining the flying height.
- Thermal pole tip protrusion is caused by the materials in and around the head slider expanding during write operations till part of those materials protrude, leading to contact with the rotating disk surface. Contact can degrade the write performance by altering the flying height. Contact can also wear down part of the disk surface.
- While it is well known that read-write heads expand during writing, the inventors are unaware of anyone else who recognized this situation's significance, particularly as the flying height decreases and the data rates increase, both of which are required for high areal density disk drives.
- The inventors realized that they could detect the problem at the spin stand level by testing head gimbal assemblies to reliably, and inexpensively, predict the tendency for thermal pole tip protrusion. This leads to selection of head gimbal assemblies, which do not have the thermal pole tip protrusion tendency. The selected head gimbal assemblies have better reliability, as do actuators and disk drives made with the selected head gimbal assemblies.
- These and other advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed descriptions and studying the various figures of the drawings.
-
FIG. 1A illustrates a typical prior art highcapacity disk drive 10 includingactuator arm 30 withvoice coil 32,actuator axis 40, suspension or head arms 50-58 with slider/head unit 60 placed among the disks; -
FIG. 1B illustrates a typical prior art highcapacity disk drive 10 withactuator 20 includingactuator arm 30 withvoice coil 32,actuator axis 40, head arms 50-56 and slider/head units 60-66 with the disks removed; -
FIG. 2A illustrates a suspendedhead slider 60 containing the read-write head 200 of the prior art; -
FIG. 2B illustrates the relationship between the principal axis 110 of anactuator arm 50 containingsuspension 60, which in turn containshead slider 100, as found in the prior art; -
FIG. 2C illustrates a simplified schematic of adisk drive controller 1000 of the prior art, which may be used to control a spin stand test unit; -
FIG. 2D illustrates a detailedview head suspension 60 of the prior art; -
FIG. 3A illustrates an extension ofprogram system 2000 ofFIG. 2C estimating a thermal pole tip protrusion tendency for a head gimbal assembly containing a read-write head; -
FIG. 3B illustrates a detail flowchart ofoperation 2010 ofFIG. 3A further determining the thermal pole tip protrusion tendency for a track collection member, as at least one, and often preferably both, of the operations in this flowchart; -
FIG. 4A illustrates a sudden MRR change event with an amount MRR change (ΔMRR) and a MRR value; -
FIG. 4B illustrates an amplitude modulation envelope at essentially the rotational frequency showing a maximum voltage swing V and a deviation ΔV from the maximum voltage swing V; -
FIG. 5 illustrates a detail flowchart ofoperation 2052 ofFIG. 3B further monitoring the change in magneto-resistance; and -
FIG. 6 illustrates a detail flowchart ofoperation 2062 ofFIG. 3B further detecting the amplitude modulation envelope. - Thermal pole tip protrusion is caused by the materials in and around the head slider expanding during write operations until part of those materials protrude, leading to contact with the rotating disk surface. Contact can degrade the write performance by altering the flying height. Contact can also wear down part of the disk surface.
- While it is well known that read-write heads expand during writing, the inventors are unaware of anyone else who recognized this situation's significance, particularly as the flying height decrease and the data rates increase, which is required for high areal density disk drives.
- The inventors realized that they could detect the problem at the spin stand level by testing head gimbal assemblies to reliably, and inexpensively, estimate the tendency for thermal pole tip protrusion. This leads to selection of head gimbal assemblies, which do not have the thermal pole tip protrusion tendency. The selected head gimbal assemblies have better reliability, as do actuators and disk drives made with the selected head gimbal assemblies.
- In the following figures will be found flowcharts of at least one method of the invention possessing arrows with reference numbers. These arrows will signify flow of control and sometimes data supporting implementations, including at least one program step, or program thread, executing upon a computer, inferential links in an inferential engine, state transitions in a finite state machine, and dominant learned responses within a neural network.
- The operation of starting a flowchart refers to at least one of the following. Entering a subroutine in a macro instruction sequence in a computer. Entering into a deeper node of an inferential graph. Directing a state transition in a finite state machine, possibly while pushing a return state. And triggering a collection of neurons in a neural network.
- The operation of termination in a flowchart refers to at least one or more of the following. The completion of those operations, which may result in a subroutine return, traversal of a higher node in an inferential graph, popping of a previously stored state in a finite state machine, return to dormancy of the firing neurons of the neural network.
- A computer as used herein will include, but is not limited to an instruction processor. The instruction processor includes at least one instruction processing element and at least one data processing element, each data processing element controlled by at least one instruction processing element.
-
FIG. 3A illustrates an extension ofprogram system 2000 ofFIG. 2C estimating a thermal pole tip protrusion tendency for a head gimbal assembly containing a read-write head. -
Operation 2012 performs determining the thermal pole tip protrusion tendency for the head gimbal assembly on the track collection member, for each track collection member.Operation 2022 performs predicting the thermal pole tip protrusion tendency for the head gimbal assembly based upon, for each of the track collection members, the thermal pole tip protrusion tendency on the track collection member. - The track collection includes at least an inside diameter track of a disk surface and an outside diameter track of the disk surface. The track collection may further preferably include a middle diameter track of the disk surface.
- The invention utilizes the following, for each of the track collection members. The read-write head can provide a magneto-resistance from a disk surface while performing a write operation to the track collection member on the disk surface, as well as provide a voltage while reading the track collection member at a bias current. The disk surface rotates at a rotational frequency during these operations. Typical rotational frequencies include the following: 120 Hz for a 7200 RPM disk and 240 Hz for a 14400 RPM disk.
-
FIG. 3B illustrates a detail flowchart ofoperation 2010 ofFIG. 3A further determining the thermal pole tip protrusion tendency for a track collection member, as at least one, and often preferably both, of the operations in this flowchart. -
Operation 2052 performs monitoring a change of the magneto-resistance while the read-write head performs the write operation on the track collection member to determine the thermal pole tip protrusion tendency.Operation 2062 performs detecting an amplitude modulation envelope for the voltage at essentially the rotational frequency for the track collection member written to determine the thermal pole tip protrusion tendency. -
FIG. 4A illustrates a sudden MRR change event with an amount MRR change (ΔMRR) and a MRR value. -
FIG. 4B illustrates an amplitude modulation envelope at essentially the rotational frequency showing a maximum voltage swing V and a deviation ΔV from the maximum voltage swing V. -
FIG. 5 illustrates a detail flowchart ofoperation 2052 ofFIG. 3B further monitoring the change in magneto-resistance. -
Operation 2072 performs observing the magneto-resistance while the read-write head performs the write operation on the track collection member to create a sudden MRR change event collection and to create a MRR value.Operation 2082 performs determining a number of the sudden MRR change event collection members.Operation 2092 performs determining a change characteristic based upon an amount MRR change divided by the MRR value, for each of the sudden MRR change event collection members.Operation 2102 performs determining the thermal pole tip protrusion tendency based upon the number of the sudden MRR change event collection members and based upon the change characteristic for the sudden MRR change event collection members. -
FIG. 6 illustrates a detail flowchart ofoperation 2062 ofFIG. 3B further detecting the amplitude modulation envelope. -
Operation 2132 performs the read-write head reading the track collection member at a current bias to create a track voltage table.Operation 2142 performs processing the track voltage table at essentially the rotational frequency to generate an amplitude modulation envelope for the voltage at essentially the rotational frequency.Operation 2152 performs calculating a maximum voltage swing for the amplitude modulation envelope.Operation 2162 performs calculating a deviation from the maximum voltage swing for the amplitude modulation envelope.Operation 2172 performs determining the thermal pole tip protrusion tendency for the track collection member based upon the deviation and based upon the maximum voltage swing. - The preceding embodiments have been provided by way of example and are not meant to constrain the scope of the following claims.
Claims (21)
1. A head gimbal assembly as a product of the process comprising the steps:
estimating a thermal pole tip protrusion tendency for said head gimbal assembly containing a read-write head; and
selecting said head gimbal assembly whenever said head gimbal assembly does not have said thermal pole tip protrusion tendency;
said method comprising, for each member of a track collection, the step of:
determining said thermal pole tip protrusion tendency for said head gimbal assembly on said track collection member; and
said method, further comprising the step of:
predicting said thermal pole tip protrusion for said head gimbal assembly based upon, for each of said track collection members, said thermal pole tip protrusion tendency on said track collection member;
wherein said track collection is comprised of an inside diameter track of a disk surface and an outside diameter track of said disk surface;
wherein said read-write head provides a magneto-resistance from a disk surface while performing a write operation to said track collection member on said disk surface and provides a voltage while reading said track collection member at a bias current, for each of said track collection members;
wherein said disk surface rotates at a rotational frequency;
wherein the step determining said thermal pole tip protrusion tendency is comprised of at least one member of the collection comprising the steps of:
monitoring a change of said magneto-resistance while said read-write head performs said write operation of said track collection member to determine said thermal pole tip protrusion tendency;
wherein the step monitoring said change is further comprised of:
observing said magneto-resistance while said read-write head performs said write operation on said track collection member to create a sudden MRR change event collection and to create a MRR value;
determining a number of said sudden MRR change event collection members;
determining a change characteristic based upon an amount MRR change divided by said MRR value, for each of said sudden MRR change event collection members; and
determining said thermal pole tip protrusion tendency based upon said number of said sudden MRR change event collection members and based upon said change characteristic for said sudden MRR change event collection members.
2. The head gimbal assembly of claim 1 ,
wherein said track collection is further comprised of a middle diameter track of said disk surface.
3. A method of making an actuator, comprising the step of: assembling said actuator using at least one of said head gimbal assemblies of claim 1 .
4. Said actuator as a product of the process of claim 3 .
5. A method of making a disk drive, comprising the step of assembling said disk drive using said actuator of claim 4 .
6. Said disk drive as a product of the process of claim 5 .
7. A head gimbal assembly as a product of the process, comprising the steps:
estimating a thermal pole tip protrusion tendency for said head gimbal assembly; and
selecting said head gimbal assembly whenever said head gimbal assembly does not have said thermal pole tip protrusion tendency;
wherein the step estimated said thermal pole tip protrusion tendency, comprises:
for each member of a track collection, the step of: determining said thermal pole tip protrusion tendency for said head gimbal assembly on said track collection member; and
predicting said thermal pole tip protrusion tendency for said head gimbal assembly based upon, for each of said track collection members, said thermal pole tip protrusion tendency on said track collection member;
wherein said track collection is comprised of an inside diameter track of a disk surface and an outside diameter track of said disk surface.
8. The head gimbal assembly of claim 7 ,
wherein said read-write head provides a magneto-resistance from a disk surface while performing a write operation to said track collection member on said disk surface and provides a voltage while reading said track collection member at a bias current, for each of said track collection members;
wherein said disk surface rotates at a rotational frequency;
wherein the step determining said thermal pole tip protrusion tendency is comprised of at least one member of the collection comprising the steps of:
monitoring a change of said magneto-resistance while said read-write head performs said write operation on said track collection member to determine said thermal pole tip protrusion tendency; and
detecting an amplitude modulation envelope for said voltage at essentially said rotational frequency for said track collection member written to determine said thermal pole tip protrusion tendency.
9. The head gimbal assembly of claim 8 ,
wherein the step monitoring said change is further comprised of:
observing said magneto-resistance while said read-write head performs said write operation on said track collection member to create a sudden MRR change event collection and to create a MRR value;
determining a number of said sudden MRR change event collection members;
determining a change characteristic based upon an amount MRR change divided by said MRR value, for each of said sudden MRR change event collection members; and
determining said thermal pole tip protrusion tendency based upon said number of said sudden MRR change event collection members and based upon said change characteristic for said sudden MRR change event collection members.
10. The head gimbal assembly of claim 8 ,
wherein the step detecting said amplitude modulation envelope is further comprised of the steps of:
said read-write head reading said track collection member at a current bias to create a track voltage table;
processing said track voltage table at essentially said rotational frequency to generate an amplitude modulation envelope for said voltage at essentially said rotational frequency;
calculating a maximum voltage swing for said amplitude modulation envelope;
calculating a deviation from said maximum voltage swing for said amplitude modulation envelope; and
determining said thermal pole tip protrusion tendency for said track collection member based upon said deviation and based upon said maximum voltage swing.
11. The head gimbal assembly of claim 7 ,
wherein said track collection is further comprised of a middle diameter track of said disk surface.
12. A method of making an actuator, comprising the step of: assembling said actuator using at least one of said head gimbal assemblies of claim 7 .
13. Said actuator as a product of the process of claim 12 .
14. A method of making a disk drive, comprising the step of assembling said disk drive using said actuator of claim 13 .
15. Said disk drive as a product of the process of claim 14 .
16. Said head gimbal assembly as a product of the process comprising the steps:
determining a thermal pole tip protrusion tendency for said head gimbal assembly containing a read-write head; and
selecting said head gimbal assembly whenever said head gimbal assembly does not have said thermal pole tip protrusion tendency;
wherein the step determining said thermal pole tip protrusion tendency, further comprises:
for each member of a track collection, the step of: determining said thermal pole tip protrusion tendency for said head gimbal assembly on said track collection member; and
predicting said thermal pole tip protrusion for said head gimbal assembly based upon, for each of said track collection members, said thermal pole tip protrusion tendency on said track collection member;
wherein said track collection is comprised of an inside diameter track of a disk surface and an outside diameter track of said disk surface
wherein said read-write head provides a magneto-resistance from a disk surface while performing a write operation to said track collection member on said disk surface and provides a voltage while reading said track collection member at a bias current, for each of said track collection members;
wherein said disk surface rotates at a rotational frequency;
wherein the step determining said thermal pole tip protrusion tendency is comprised of the step of:
detecting an amplitude modulation envelope for said voltage at essentially said rotational frequency for said track written to determine said thermal pole tip protrusion tendency;
wherein the step detecting said amplitude modulation envelope is further comprised of the steps of:
said read-write head reading said track collection member at a current bias to create a track voltage table;
processing said track voltage table at essentially said rotational frequency to generate an amplitude modulation envelope for said voltage at essentially said rotational frequency;
calculating a maximum voltage swing for said amplitude modulation envelope;
calculating a deviation from said maximum voltage swing for said amplitude modulation envelope; and
determining said thermal pole tip protrusion tendency for said track collection member based upon said deviation and based upon said maximum voltage swing.
17. The method of claim 16 ,
wherein said track collection is further comprised of a middle diameter track of said disk surface.
18. A method of making an actuator, comprising the step of: assembling said actuator using at least one of said head gimbal assemblies of claim 16 .
19. Said actuator as a product of the process of claim 18 .
20. A method of making a disk drive, comprising the step of assembling said disk drive using said actuator of claim 19 .
21. Said disk drive as a product of the process of claim 20.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/464,488 US20070006446A1 (en) | 2002-09-26 | 2006-08-14 | Method of manufacturing head gimbal assemblies, actuators and disk drives by removing thermal pole-tip protrusion at the spin stand level |
KR1020070072494A KR20080015360A (en) | 2006-08-14 | 2007-07-19 | Method of selecting head gimbal assemblies, actuators and drivers by removing thermal pole-tip protrusion at the spin stand level |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/256,553 US7089649B2 (en) | 2002-09-26 | 2002-09-26 | Method of estimating a thermal pole tip protrusion for a head gimbal assembly |
US11/464,488 US20070006446A1 (en) | 2002-09-26 | 2006-08-14 | Method of manufacturing head gimbal assemblies, actuators and disk drives by removing thermal pole-tip protrusion at the spin stand level |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/256,553 Division US7089649B2 (en) | 2002-09-26 | 2002-09-26 | Method of estimating a thermal pole tip protrusion for a head gimbal assembly |
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US20070006446A1 true US20070006446A1 (en) | 2007-01-11 |
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US10/256,553 Expired - Fee Related US7089649B2 (en) | 2002-09-26 | 2002-09-26 | Method of estimating a thermal pole tip protrusion for a head gimbal assembly |
US11/464,488 Abandoned US20070006446A1 (en) | 2002-09-26 | 2006-08-14 | Method of manufacturing head gimbal assemblies, actuators and disk drives by removing thermal pole-tip protrusion at the spin stand level |
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US10/256,553 Expired - Fee Related US7089649B2 (en) | 2002-09-26 | 2002-09-26 | Method of estimating a thermal pole tip protrusion for a head gimbal assembly |
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US (2) | US7089649B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100594230B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7502205B1 (en) * | 2003-06-05 | 2009-03-10 | Maxtor Corporation | Method of operating read and write transducers by controlling thermal actuation |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7139900B2 (en) * | 2003-06-23 | 2006-11-21 | Intel Corporation | Data packet arithmetic logic devices and methods |
KR100640621B1 (en) * | 2004-12-28 | 2006-11-01 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Apparatus and method for adjusting a flying height of magnetic head in disk drive |
US8174779B2 (en) | 2006-10-31 | 2012-05-08 | Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, Netherlands B.V. | Discrete device testing |
JP2010277624A (en) * | 2009-05-26 | 2010-12-09 | Toshiba Storage Device Corp | Magnetic recording device, head evaluation device, spin stand device, and write pole erasure evaluation method |
US9208811B1 (en) | 2014-12-09 | 2015-12-08 | Seagate Technology Llc | Apparatus and method for measuring pole tip protrusion ratio for a slider |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6105381A (en) * | 1999-03-31 | 2000-08-22 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and apparatus for cooling GMR heads for magnetic hard disks |
US6760182B2 (en) * | 2001-02-19 | 2004-07-06 | Seagate Technology Llc | Temperature compensated fly height control |
JP2003141704A (en) * | 2001-10-30 | 2003-05-16 | Hitachi Ltd | Thin-film magnetic head |
US6813118B2 (en) * | 2002-01-04 | 2004-11-02 | Seagate Technology Llc | Transducing head having improved studs and bond pads to reduce thermal deformation |
US6859343B1 (en) * | 2002-03-19 | 2005-02-22 | Western Digital, Inc. | Hybrid diffuser for minimizing thermal pole tip protrusion and reader sensor temperature |
-
2002
- 2002-09-26 US US10/256,553 patent/US7089649B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-09-24 KR KR1020030066328A patent/KR100594230B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 2006-08-14 US US11/464,488 patent/US20070006446A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7502205B1 (en) * | 2003-06-05 | 2009-03-10 | Maxtor Corporation | Method of operating read and write transducers by controlling thermal actuation |
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US7089649B2 (en) | 2006-08-15 |
KR20040027391A (en) | 2004-04-01 |
KR100594230B1 (en) | 2006-07-03 |
US20040060167A1 (en) | 2004-04-01 |
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