US20060225807A1 - Container for inhibiting microbial growth in liquid nutrients - Google Patents
Container for inhibiting microbial growth in liquid nutrients Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20060225807A1 US20060225807A1 US11/449,102 US44910206A US2006225807A1 US 20060225807 A1 US20060225807 A1 US 20060225807A1 US 44910206 A US44910206 A US 44910206A US 2006225807 A1 US2006225807 A1 US 2006225807A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- container
- ion
- sequestering agent
- bottle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 title abstract description 29
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 title description 6
- 239000003352 sequestering agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000021148 sequestering of metal ion Effects 0.000 abstract description 49
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 38
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 27
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 58
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 53
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 36
- -1 iron ion Chemical class 0.000 description 28
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- QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-bis{2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl}glycine Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(=O)O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- IEOMKXPDKQRVCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydroxy-4,5-dimethylbenzamide Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(N)=O)=C(O)C(O)=C1C IEOMKXPDKQRVCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXXIQVJTKGSMPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]propyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]-2-hydroxyacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)C(C)CN(CC(O)=O)C(O)C(O)=O RXXIQVJTKGSMPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006290 2-hydroxybenzyl group Chemical group [H]OC1=C(C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- CJAZCKUGLFWINJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dihydroxybenzene-1,2-disulfonic acid Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C(S(O)(=O)=O)=C1O CJAZCKUGLFWINJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKJVSIITPZVTRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dihydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C2C=C(O)C(O)=CC2=C1 DKJVSIITPZVTRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 206010022971 Iron Deficiencies Diseases 0.000 description 1
- UBQYURCVBFRUQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-benzoyl-Ferrioxamine B Chemical compound CC(=O)N(O)CCCCCNC(=O)CCC(=O)N(O)CCCCCNC(=O)CCC(=O)N(O)CCCCCN UBQYURCVBFRUQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RRUDCFGSUDOHDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetohydroxamic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=NO RRUDCFGSUDOHDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001171 acetohydroxamic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000000022 airborne pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QCIDBNKTKNBPKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxybenzamide Natural products NC(=O)C1=CC=CC(O)=C1O QCIDBNKTKNBPKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
- C02F1/004—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance using large scale industrial sized filters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/27—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption
- A23L5/273—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption using adsorption or absorption agents, resins, synthetic polymers, or ion exchangers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
- B29C2949/30—Preforms or parisons made of several components
- B29C2949/3008—Preforms or parisons made of several components at neck portion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
- B29C2949/30—Preforms or parisons made of several components
- B29C2949/3012—Preforms or parisons made of several components at flange portion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
- B29C2949/30—Preforms or parisons made of several components
- B29C2949/3016—Preforms or parisons made of several components at body portion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
- B29C2949/30—Preforms or parisons made of several components
- B29C2949/302—Preforms or parisons made of several components at bottom portion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
- B29C2949/30—Preforms or parisons made of several components
- B29C2949/3024—Preforms or parisons made of several components characterised by the number of components or by the manufacturing technique
- B29C2949/3026—Preforms or parisons made of several components characterised by the number of components or by the manufacturing technique having two or more components
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
- B29C2949/30—Preforms or parisons made of several components
- B29C2949/3032—Preforms or parisons made of several components having components being injected
- B29C2949/3034—Preforms or parisons made of several components having components being injected having two or more components being injected
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fluid container having a metal-ion sequestering agent for removing a designated metal ion from a liquid nutrient for inhibiting growth of microbes in the liquid nutrient.
- metal ions play an important role in biological processes.
- Mn, Fe, Ca, Zn, Cu and Al are essential bio-metals, and are required for most, if not all, living systems.
- Metal ions play a crucial role in oxygen transport in living systems, and regulate the function of genes and replication in many cellular systems.
- Calcium is an important structural element in the life of bacteria regulating enzyme activity.
- Mn, Cu and Fe are involved in metabolism and enzymatic processes.
- metals may become toxic to living systems and the organism may experience disease or illness if the level cannot be controlled.
- the availability, and concentrations, of metal ions in biological environments is a major factor in determining the abundance, growth-rate and health of plant, animal and micro-organism populations.
- iron is an essential biological element, and that all living organisms require iron for survival and replication. Although, the occurrence and concentration of iron is relatively high on the earth's surface, the availability of “free” iron is severely limited by the extreme insolubility of iron in aqueous environments. As a result, many organisms have developed complex methods of procuring “free” iron for survival and replication.
- Articles, such as food and beverage containers are needed that are able to improve food quality, to increase shelf-life, to protect from microbial contamination, and to do so in a manner that is safe for the user of such items and that is environmentally clean while providing for the general safety and health of the public.
- Materials and methods are needed to prepare articles having antimicrobial properties that are less, or not, susceptible to microbial resistance. Methods are needed that are able to target and remove specific, biologically important, metal ions while leaving intact the concentrations of beneficial metal ions.
- pathogens such as yeast, spores, bacteria, etc. will grow in the nutrient rich beverage or food ruining the taste or even causing hazardous microbiological contamination.
- beverages are packaged by aseptic means or by utilizing preservatives, many other beverages, for example fruit juices, teas and isotonic drinks are “hot-filled”.
- Hot-filling involves the filling of a container with a liquid beverage having some elevated temperature (typically, at about 180-200° F.). The container is capped and allowed to cool, producing a partial vacuum therein.
- Hot filling requires containers be made of certain materials or constructed in a certain fashion such as thicker walls to withstand the hot filling process.
- the energy required for hot filling adds to the cost of the filling process.
- Temperatures required for hot filling have a detrimental effect on the flavor of the beverage.
- Other methods of filling such as aseptic filling require large capital expenditures and maintaining class 5 clean room conditions.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,854,303 discloses a polymeric material incorporating a polyvalent cation chelating agent in an amount effective to inhibit the growth of a protozoan on the surface of contact lenses and in other eye care products.
- the present invention is directed to the problem of the growth of micro-organism in liquids provided in containers that adversely affects food quality, shelf-life, to protect from microbial contamination, and to do so in a manner that is safe for the user of such.
- a method for bottling a liquid having a pH equal to or greater than about 2.5 including the steps of providing a container having a sequestering agent provided on at least a portion of the internal surface for inhibiting growth of microbes, filling the container with a liquid having a PH equal to or greater than about 2.5, and sealing the container with the liquid contained therein.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a cross section of a fluid container made in accordance with the prior art
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged partial cross sectional view of a portion of the container of FIG. 1 illustrating a “free” iron ion sequestering agent
- FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 illustrating a container made in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 4 illustrates a bottle with a bottle cap also made in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a schematic top plan view of the bottle and cap of FIG. 4 ;
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged partial cross sectional view of the bottle and cap taken along line 6 - 6 of FIG. 5 ;
- FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a projecting member extending from a modified cap of FIG. 5 also made in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is an enlarged cross sectional view of the projecting member of FIG. 7 as taken along line 8 - 8 ;
- FIG. 9 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the present invention illustrating one method for applying a coating to the interior surface of a bottle made in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is an enlarged partial cross sectional view of a portion of the bottle of FIG. 9 illustrating the sprayed coating of the ion sequestering agent
- FIG. 11 is a schematic view of another fluid container made accordance with the present invention such as a juice box;
- FIG. 12 is an enlarged partial cross sectional view of the juice box taken along line 12 - 12 of FIG. 11 ;
- FIG. 13 is a schematic view of yet another fluid container such as a stand up pouch made in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is an enlarged partial cross sectional view of the stand up pouch taken along line 14 - 14 of FIG. 13 ;
- FIG. 15 is a schematic view of still another embodiment of a fluid container such as a bag also made in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is an enlarged partial cross sectional view of a portion of the bag of FIG. 15 as indicated by circle 16 ;
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of a web that can be used in the manufacture of a box, pouch or bag showing a coating assembly for coating a hydrophilic layer containing a metal-ion sequestering agent;
- FIG. 18 is a schematic view of yet another fluid container, such as a can, made in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a cross sectional view of FIG. 18 as taken along line 19 - 19 ;
- FIG. 20 is a cross sectional view of a filter assembly made in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a cross sectional view of a fluid bed ion exchange assembly made in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 22 is an enlarged partial view of a portion of the fluid bed ion exchange assembly of FIG. 21 as identified by circle 22 illustrating a metal-ion sequestering agent.
- microbes in an article such as a fluid container containing a liquid nutrient comprising a liquid nutrient
- metal-ion sequestering agents as described in pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/822,940, and pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/822,929 capable of removing a designated metal ion for example, Mn, Fe, Ca, Zn, Cu and Al from said liquid nutrients, in contact with the nutrient.
- Intimate contact is achieved by incorporating the metal-ion sequestering agent as an integral part of the support structure of the article.
- the article such as a container, may be used for holding a food or beverage.
- Metal-ion sequestering agents may be incorporated into articles by placing the metal-ion sequestering agents on the surface of the article, or by putting the metal-ion sequestering agents within the materials used to form the article. In all instances, the metal-ion sequestering agents must be capable of contacting the food or beverage held by the container.
- the container comprises a bottle 5 holding a liquid nutrient 10 , for example an isotonic liquid.
- a liquid nutrient 10 for example an isotonic liquid.
- Drinks such as GatoradeTM or PowerAdeTM are examples of isotonic drinks/liquids.
- the container 5 may be made of one or more layers of a plastic polymer using various molding processes known by those skilled in the art. Examples of polymers used in the manufacture of bottles are PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PP (polypropylene), LDPE (low density polyethylene) and HDPE (high density polyethylene).
- FIG. 2 illustrates a plastic bottle 5 formed using two different polymeric layers 15 and 20 . However it is to be understood that the container 5 may comprise any desired number of layers.
- a fluid container made in accordance with the present invention is especially useful for containing a liquid nutrient having a pH equal to or greater than about 2.5.
- the container is designed to have an interior surface having a metal-ion sequestering agent for removing a designated metal ion from a liquid nutrient for inhibiting growth of microbes in said liquid nutrient. It is preferred that the metal-ion sequestrant is immobilized within the materials forming the container or is immobilized within a polymeric layer directly in contact with the beverage or liquid nutrient. It is further preferred that the metal-ion sequestering agent is immobilized on the surface(s) of said container.
- metal-ion sequestrants that are not immobilized may diffuse through the material or polymeric layers of the container and dissolve into the contents of the beverage.
- Metal ions complexed by dissolved sequestrants will not be sequestered within the surfaces of the container but may be available for use by micro-organisms.
- the sequestering agent is immobilized on the surface(s) of said container and has a high-affinity for biologically important metal ions such as Mn, Zn, Cu and Fe. It is further preferred that the immobilized sequestering agent has a high-selectivity for biologically important metal ions such as Mn, Zn, Cu and Fe. It is preferred that said sequestering agent has a high-selectively for certain metal ions but a low-affinity for at least one other ion. It is further preferred that said certain metal ions comprises Mn, Zn, Cu and Fe and said other at least one ion comprises calcium.
- metal-ion sequestering agent is immobilized on the surface(s) of said container and has a stability constant greater than 10 10 with iron (III), more preferably greater than 10 20 with iron (III), and most preferably greater than 10 30 with iron (III). This is preferred because iron is an essential nutrient for virtually all micro-organisms, and sequestration of iron may most beneficially limit the growth of micro-organisms.
- the invention provides a fluid container wherein said metal-ion sequestering agent comprises derivatized nanoparticles comprising inorganic nanoparticles having an attached metal-ion sequestrant, wherein said inorganic nanoparticles have an average particle size of less than 200 nm and the derivatized nanoparticles have a stability constant greater than 10 10 with iron (III). It is preferred that the inorganic nanoparticles have an average particle size of less than 100 nm.
- said metal-ion sequestrant is attached to the nanoparticle by reacting the nanoparticle with a silicon alkoxide intermediate of the sequestrant having the general formula: Si(OR) 4-x R′ x ; wherein x is an integer from 1 to 3; R is an alkyl group; and R′ is an organic group containing an alpha amino carboxylate, a hydroxamate, or a catechol.
- a silicon alkoxide intermediate of the sequestrant having the general formula: Si(OR) 4-x R′ x ; wherein x is an integer from 1 to 3; R is an alkyl group; and R′ is an organic group containing an alpha amino carboxylate, a hydroxamate, or a catechol.
- the metal-ion sequestering agent is immobilized in a polymeric layer, and the polymeric layer contacts the fluid contained therein.
- the metal-ion sequestrant may be formed integrally within the materials comprising the bottle or may be contained within a polymeric layer directly in contact with the beverage or liquid nutrient. It is preferred that the polymer is permeable to water. It is preferred that the metal-ion sequestering agent comprises are 0.1 to 50.0% by weight of the polymer. Polymers useful for practice of the invention are described in detail in pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/823,453.
- the metal-ion sequestering agent comprises an alpha amino carboxylate, a hydroxamate, or a catechol functional group.
- Metal-ion sequestrants suitable for practice of the invention include ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), Hydroxylpropylenediaminetetraacetic acid (DPTA), nitrilotriacetic acid, triethylenetetraaminehexaacetic acid, N,N-bis(o-hydroxybenzyl) ethylenediamine-N,N diacteic acid, and ethylenebis-N,N′-(2-o-hydroxyphenyl)glycine, acetohydroxamic acid, and desferroxamine B (the iron chelating drug desferal), catechol, disulfocatechol, dimethyl-2,3-dihydroxybenzamide, mesitylene catecholamide (MECAM) and
- the container 5 which in the embodiment illustrated is a bottle, is made of a material that comprises a barrier layer 22 ; an outer polymeric layer 20 and an inner polymeric layer 40 between said barrier layer 22 and outer polymeric layer 20 .
- the inner polymeric layer 22 contains a metal-ion sequestrant 35 .
- the barrier layer 22 preferably does not contain the metal-ion sequestrant 35 .
- the outer layer 20 may provide several functions including improving the physical strength and toughness of the article and resistance to scratching, marring, cracking, etc.
- the primary purpose of the barrier layer 22 is to provide a barrier through which micro-organisms 25 present in the contained fluid cannot pass.
- micro-organisms 25 it is important to limit, or eliminate, in certain applications, the direct contact of micro-organisms 25 with the metal-ion sequestrant 35 or the layer containing the metal-ion sequestrant 35 , since many micro-organisms 25 , under conditions of iron deficiency, may bio-synthesize molecules which are strong chelators for iron, and other metals. These bio-synthetic molecules are called “siderophores” and their primary purpose it to procure iron for the micro-organisms 25 . Thus, if the micro-organism 25 are allowed to directly contact the metal-ion sequestrant 35 , they may find a rich source of iron there, and begin to colonize directly at these surfaces.
- the siderophores produced by the micro-organisms may compete with the metal-ion sequestrant for the iron (or other bio-essential metal) at their surfaces.
- the energy required for the organisms to adapt their metabolism to synthesize these siderophores will impact significantly their growth rate.
- one object of the invention is to lower growth rate of organisms in the contained liquid. Since the barrier layer 22 of the invention does not contain the metal-ion sequestrant 35 , and because micro-organisms are large, the micro-organisms may not pass or diffuse through the barrier layer 22 . The barrier layer 22 thus prevents contact of the micro-organisms with the polymeric layer 40 containing the metal-ion sequestrant 35 of the invention.
- the barrier layer 22 is permeable to water. It is preferred that the barrier layer 22 has a thickness “x” in the range of 0.1 microns to 10.0 microns. It is preferred that microbes are unable to penetrate, to diffuse or pass through the barrier layer 22 .
- Sequestrant 35 with a sequestered metal ion is indicated by numeral 35 ′.
- the enlarged sectioned view of the fluid container 5 shown in 3 illustrates a bottler having barrier layer 22 , which is in direct contact with the liquid nutrient 10 , an inner polymeric layer 40 and an outer polymeric layer 20 .
- the bottle of FIG. 2 comprises an inner polymeric layer 15 that does not contain any metal-ion sequestering agents.
- the micro-organisms 25 are free to gather the “free” iron ions 30 .
- the inner polymer 40 contains an immobilized metal-ion sequestering agent 35 such as EDTA.
- the inner polymer 40 containing the metal-ion sequestering agent 35 must be permeable to aqueous media.
- Preferred polymers for layers 22 and 40 of the invention are polyvinyl alcohol, cellophane, water-based polyurethanes, polyester, nylon, high nitrile resins, polyethylene-polyvinyl alcohol copolymer, polystyrene, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, aqueous latexes, polyacrylic acid, polystyrene sulfonate, polyamide, polymethacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene or polyacrylonitrile, A water permeable polymer permits water to move freely through the polymer 40 allowing the “free” iron ion 30 to reach and be captured by the agent 35 .
- An additional barrier 22 may be used to prevent the micro-organism 25 from reaching the inner polymer material 40 containing the metal-ion sequestering agent 35 .
- the barrier layer 22 must be made of a water permeable polymer as previously described.
- the micro-organism 25 is too large to pass through the barrier 22 or the polymer 40 so it cannot reach the sequestered iron ion 30 now held by the metal-ion sequestering agent 35 .
- the metal-ion sequestering agents 35 By using the metal-ion sequestering agents 35 to significantly reduce the amount of “free” iron ions 30 in the liquid nutrient 10 , the growth of the micro-organism 25 is eliminated or severely reduced.
- the metal-ion sequestering agent 35 is contained in the bottle cap 50 instead on the inside surface of the bottle 5 .
- An inner portion 45 of the cap 50 which is in intimate contact with the liquid nutrient 10 is made of a hydrophilic polymer 55 containing the metal-ion sequestering agent 35 such as EDTA as described above.
- the bottle may need to be placed in the inverted position in order for the sequestrant to become in contact with the contained nutrient.
- the cap 50 may also have the barrier layer 22 to further prevent the micro-organisms 25 from reaching the sequestered “free” iron 30 .
- the cap sealing material could be an open cell foamed structure whose cell walls are coated with the sequestering material.
- the sequestering agent 35 may be in a hydrophilic polymeric insert 52 that is placed in the bottle 5 as illustrated in FIG. 4 .
- the insert 52 may be instead of or in addition to the sequestrant in the cap 50 or interior of the bottle.
- the insert 52 is placed in the bottle 5 but unfolds making it too large to exit the bottle 5 .
- the insert 52 is molded into the bottom of the bottle 5 .
- FIGS. 7 and 8 there is illustrated another modified embodiment of a container made in accordance with the present invention, like parts indicating like parts and operation as previously described.
- the metal-ion sequestering agent 35 is contained in a projecting member 60 that extends from cap 50 into the bottle 5 so that it will be in intimate contact with the liquid nutrient 10 .
- the projecting member is in the configuration of a straw that can later be used to drink the liquid content in the bottle.
- the extension 60 or straw is made of a hydrophilic polymer 65 containing the metal-ion sequestering agents 35 such as EDTA as described in FIG. 3 .
- the straw 60 protrudes from the cap 50 into the solution 10 allowing the “free” iron ions 35 to be sequestered from the liquid nutrient liquid nutrient 10 .
- the straw 60 may also have the barrier layer 22 to further prevent the micro-organisms 25 from reaching the sequestered “free” iron ions 30 .
- the outer layer 20 may also be made of a material similar to barrier layer 22 so that “free” iron ions 30 can reach the sequestrant 35 from the outside of the straw 60 .
- the extension is a straw, but the extension can be of any shape just as long as it extends into the food or beverage establishing intimate contact.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 there is illustrated another embodiment of a bottle 5 made in accordance with the present invention.
- the metal-ion sequestering agent 35 is applied to the inside surface 80 of the bottle 5 by spraying a metal-ion sequestering agent 35 , for example EDTA, on to the inside surface of the bottle, through a supply tube 85 using a spherical shaped nozzle assembly 90 .
- the nozzle assembly 90 is moved up and down in the direction of the arrow 95 while the metal-ion sequestering agent 35 is sprayed as indicated by the arrows 100 .
- the method of applying coatings to glass, metal or plastic containers is well known to those skilled in the art.
- FIG. 10 illustrates an enlarged partial cross sectional view of the portion of the bottle of FIG. 9 where the spray coating 105 of the ion sequestering agent 35 has been applied.
- the inner layer containing the sequestrant may be applied or formed on the inside surface of the container in any appropriate manner.
- the bottle 5 in this embodiment may be made of any appropriate plastic or glass material.
- the container comprises juice/drink box 110 for containing a liquid beverage.
- the box 110 is made of a sheet material that comprises inner layer 115 , a middle layer 120 made of a hydrophobic polymer material, and an outer layer 125 .
- the inner layer 115 is in direct contact with the liquid nutrient 10 and is made of a hydrophilic polymer containing the metal-ion sequestering agent 35 such as EDTA as described above in FIG. 3 .
- like numerals indicate like parts and operations.
- the outer layer 125 may comprise a foil wrap.
- the container comprises a stand up pouch 130 .
- the pouch 130 comprises an inner layer 135 made of a hydrophilic polymer material, and an outer layer 140 .
- the outer layer 140 may be made of a polymer such as MylarTM with a metalized coating 145 .
- the inner layer 135 is in direct contact with the liquid nutrient 10 and is made of a hydrophilic polymer containing the metal-ion sequestering agent 35 such as EDTA as described above in FIG. 3 .
- the stand up pouch 130 may also have the barrier layer 22 not shown to further prevent the micro-organisms 25 from reaching the sequestered “free” iron 30 .
- like numerals indicate like parts and operations.
- the container comprises a bag 150 .
- the bag 150 which is intended to hold an aqueous material, comprises an inner layer 155 made of a hydrophobic polymer material, and an outer layer 160 .
- the outer layer 140 may be made of a polymer such as polyethylene terephthalate.
- the inner layer 155 is in direct contact with the aqueous material 155 and is made of a hydrophilic polymer containing the metal-ion sequestering agent 35 such as EDTA as described above in FIG. 3 .
- the bag 150 may also have the barrier layer 22 not shown to further prevent the micro-organisms 25 from reaching the sequestered “free” iron 30 .
- like numerals indicate like parts and operations.
- the juice box 110 , the pouch 130 and the bag 150 may be constructed from a base web 170 as illustrated in FIG. 17 .
- the hydrophilic layer 175 is applied via a coating assembly 180 comprised of a reservoir 185 , an applicator 190 and a drive mechanism not shown to form the hydrophilic inner layer 175 containing the metal-ion sequestering agent 35 as described above in FIG. 3 .
- Other methods of forming and of making webs and applying a coating such as coextrusion maybe used. It is of course understood that any suitable technique or process may be used for applying a coating on supporting web as long as the coating has the appropriate sequestrant.
- the container 220 comprises a can.
- the can 200 is made of a metal material such as aluminum or steel, and has a top and a bottom, which may or may not be made as separate piece.
- the can 200 may also have a lining 205 , which is in direct contact with the aqueous material 155 and intended to prevent corrosion of the metal by the contents of the can.
- the construction of metal cans is well known by one skilled in the art.
- the lining 205 may include a hydrophilic polymer containing the metal-ion sequestering agent 35 or have a hydrophilic polymer strip 210 containing metal-ion sequestering agent 35 made as part of lining 205 of the can 200 .
- the strip 210 may have a width “w” of between 1 millimeter and 30 millimeters and be spaced at intervals around the inside circumference of the can 200 and a depth “d” of ⁇ 1.0 to 10 micrometers.
- the sequestering agent 35 may be in a hydrophilic polymeric insert 52 .
- the insert 52 is placed in the can 200 but unfolds making it too large to exit the can 200 .
- the insert 52 may be simply placed on the bottom of the container or if desired secured to the interior surface of the container in some fashion.
- the metal-ion sequestering agent performs as previously described above in FIG. 3 .
- FIG. 20 there is illustrated a cross-sectional view of a filter assembly 220 comprising an inlet port 225 , an outlet port 230 , and a filter 235 .
- the filter 235 contains an immobilized metal-ion sequestering agent as previously described. As the solution flows through the filter assembly 220 in the direction indicated by the arrows 240 , and through the filter 235 the metal ions in the solution are sequestered and removed by the metal-ion sequestering agent 245 .
- FIG. 21 there is illustrated a cross sectional view of a fluid bed ion exchange assembly 250 comprising a holding tank 255 , an inlet port 260 , an outlet port 265 , and a fluid bed 270 containing a metal-ion sequestering material 275 made in accordance with the present invention.
- the solution 280 flows into the fluid bed ion exchange assembly 250 via inlet port 260 as indicated by arrow 285 through the metal-ion sequestering material 275 in fluid bed 270 as indicated by arrows 290 and out the outlet port as indicated by arrow 295 .
- FIG. 22 is an enlarged partial view of a portion of the fluid bed 270 containing a metal-ion sequestering material 275 .
- An example of the metal-ion sequestering material 275 comprises a core material 300 and a shell material 305 made of the metal-ion sequestering agent 35 as described in pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/822,940.
- the solution 280 containing “free” metal ions 310 flows through the fluid bed 270 as indicated by the arrows 315 .
- the shell material 305 made of the metal-ion sequestering agent 35 gathers the metal ions 320 removing them from the solution, which then flow out through the outlet port 265 .
- a barrier layer is not discussed, it is to be understood that a barrier layer 22 may be provided in any of the embodiments for preventing the microbes (micro-organism) from contacting the sequestrant.
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Abstract
A fluid container and method for inhibiting the growth of microbes in liquid nutrient in a container, the container having an interior surface having a metal-ion sequestering agent for removing a designated metal ion from the liquid nutrient for inhibiting growth of microbes in the liquid nutrient.
Description
- This is a divisional application of pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/823,446 filed Apr. 13, 2004.
- Reference is made to commonly assigned pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/823,453 filed Apr. 13, 2004 entitled ARTICLE FOR INHIBITING MICROBIAL GROWTH by Joseph F. Bringley et al.; pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/823,443 filed Apr. 13, 2004 entitled USE OF DERIVATIZED NANOPARTICLES TO MINIMIZE GROWTH OF MICRO-ORGANISMS IN HOT FILLED DRINKS by Richard W. Wien et al.; pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/822,945 filed Apr. 13, 2004 entitled ARTICLE FOR INHIBITING MICROBIAL GROWTH IN PHYSIOLOGICAL FLUIDS by Joseph F. Bringley et al.; pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/822,940 filed Apr. 13, 2004 entitled DERIVATIZED NANOPARTICLES COMPRISING METAL-ION SEQUESTRAINT by Joseph F. Bringley; pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/822,929 filed Apr. 13, 2004 entitled COMPOSITION OF MATTER COMPRISING POLYMER AND DERIVATIZED NANOPARTICLES by Joseph F. Bringley et al.; and pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/822,939 filed Apr. 13, 2004 entitled COMPOSITION COMPRISING INTERCALATED METAL-ION SEQUESTRANTS by Joseph F. Bringley et al., the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- The present invention relates to a fluid container having a metal-ion sequestering agent for removing a designated metal ion from a liquid nutrient for inhibiting growth of microbes in the liquid nutrient.
- It has been recognized that small concentrations of metal ions play an important role in biological processes. For example, Mn, Fe, Ca, Zn, Cu and Al are essential bio-metals, and are required for most, if not all, living systems. Metal ions play a crucial role in oxygen transport in living systems, and regulate the function of genes and replication in many cellular systems. Calcium is an important structural element in the life of bacteria regulating enzyme activity. Mn, Cu and Fe are involved in metabolism and enzymatic processes. At high concentrations, metals may become toxic to living systems and the organism may experience disease or illness if the level cannot be controlled. As a result, the availability, and concentrations, of metal ions in biological environments is a major factor in determining the abundance, growth-rate and health of plant, animal and micro-organism populations.
- It has also been recognized that iron is an essential biological element, and that all living organisms require iron for survival and replication. Although, the occurrence and concentration of iron is relatively high on the earth's surface, the availability of “free” iron is severely limited by the extreme insolubility of iron in aqueous environments. As a result, many organisms have developed complex methods of procuring “free” iron for survival and replication.
- Articles, such as food and beverage containers are needed that are able to improve food quality, to increase shelf-life, to protect from microbial contamination, and to do so in a manner that is safe for the user of such items and that is environmentally clean while providing for the general safety and health of the public. Materials and methods are needed to prepare articles having antimicrobial properties that are less, or not, susceptible to microbial resistance. Methods are needed that are able to target and remove specific, biologically important, metal ions while leaving intact the concentrations of beneficial metal ions.
- During the process of filling containers with certain beverages and foods air borne pathogens enter the containers after the flash pasteurization or pasteurization part of the process. These pathogens such as yeast, spores, bacteria, etc. will grow in the nutrient rich beverage or food ruining the taste or even causing hazardous microbiological contamination. While some beverages are packaged by aseptic means or by utilizing preservatives, many other beverages, for example fruit juices, teas and isotonic drinks are “hot-filled”. “Hot-filling” involves the filling of a container with a liquid beverage having some elevated temperature (typically, at about 180-200° F.). The container is capped and allowed to cool, producing a partial vacuum therein. The process of hot filling of beverages and foods is used to kill the pathogens, which enter the container during the filling of the beverage or food containers. Hot filling requires containers be made of certain materials or constructed in a certain fashion such as thicker walls to withstand the hot filling process. The energy required for hot filling adds to the cost of the filling process. Temperatures required for hot filling have a detrimental effect on the flavor of the beverage. Other methods of filling such as aseptic filling require large capital expenditures and maintaining
class 5 clean room conditions. - U.S. Pat. No. 5,854,303 discloses a polymeric material incorporating a polyvalent cation chelating agent in an amount effective to inhibit the growth of a protozoan on the surface of contact lenses and in other eye care products.
- The present invention is directed to the problem of the growth of micro-organism in liquids provided in containers that adversely affects food quality, shelf-life, to protect from microbial contamination, and to do so in a manner that is safe for the user of such.
- In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for bottling a liquid having a pH equal to or greater than about 2.5, including the steps of providing a container having a sequestering agent provided on at least a portion of the internal surface for inhibiting growth of microbes, filling the container with a liquid having a PH equal to or greater than about 2.5, and sealing the container with the liquid contained therein.
- This and other aspects, objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood and appreciated from a review of the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments and appended claims and by reference to the accompanying drawings.
- In the detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention presented below, reference is made to the accompanying drawings in which:
-
FIG. 1 illustrates a cross section of a fluid container made in accordance with the prior art; -
FIG. 2 is an enlarged partial cross sectional view of a portion of the container ofFIG. 1 illustrating a “free” iron ion sequestering agent; -
FIG. 3 is a view similar toFIG. 2 illustrating a container made in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 4 illustrates a bottle with a bottle cap also made in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 5 is a schematic top plan view of the bottle and cap ofFIG. 4 ; -
FIG. 6 is an enlarged partial cross sectional view of the bottle and cap taken along line 6-6 ofFIG. 5 ; -
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a projecting member extending from a modified cap ofFIG. 5 also made in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 8 is an enlarged cross sectional view of the projecting member ofFIG. 7 as taken along line 8-8; -
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the present invention illustrating one method for applying a coating to the interior surface of a bottle made in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 10 is an enlarged partial cross sectional view of a portion of the bottle ofFIG. 9 illustrating the sprayed coating of the ion sequestering agent; -
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of another fluid container made accordance with the present invention such as a juice box; -
FIG. 12 is an enlarged partial cross sectional view of the juice box taken along line 12-12 ofFIG. 11 ; -
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of yet another fluid container such as a stand up pouch made in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 14 is an enlarged partial cross sectional view of the stand up pouch taken along line 14-14 ofFIG. 13 ; -
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of still another embodiment of a fluid container such as a bag also made in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 16 is an enlarged partial cross sectional view of a portion of the bag ofFIG. 15 as indicated by circle 16; -
FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of a web that can be used in the manufacture of a box, pouch or bag showing a coating assembly for coating a hydrophilic layer containing a metal-ion sequestering agent; -
FIG. 18 is a schematic view of yet another fluid container, such as a can, made in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 19 is a cross sectional view ofFIG. 18 as taken along line 19-19; -
FIG. 20 is a cross sectional view of a filter assembly made in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 21 is a cross sectional view of a fluid bed ion exchange assembly made in accordance with the present invention; and -
FIG. 22 is an enlarged partial view of a portion of the fluid bed ion exchange assembly ofFIG. 21 as identified bycircle 22 illustrating a metal-ion sequestering agent. - The growth of microbes in an article such as a fluid container containing a liquid nutrient comprising a liquid nutrient can be inhibited by placing metal-ion sequestering agents, as described in pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/822,940, and pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/822,929 capable of removing a designated metal ion for example, Mn, Fe, Ca, Zn, Cu and Al from said liquid nutrients, in contact with the nutrient. Intimate contact is achieved by incorporating the metal-ion sequestering agent as an integral part of the support structure of the article. For example, one can control the concentration of “free” iron in the liquid nutrient held by the article by placing an iron sequestering agent in the walls of the container, which in turn controls the growth rates, and abundance of micro-organisms. The article, such as a container, may be used for holding a food or beverage.
- Metal-ion sequestering agents may be incorporated into articles by placing the metal-ion sequestering agents on the surface of the article, or by putting the metal-ion sequestering agents within the materials used to form the article. In all instances, the metal-ion sequestering agents must be capable of contacting the food or beverage held by the container.
- Referring to
FIG. 1 , there is illustrated a cross-sectional view of a typical prior art container. In the embodiment illustrated, the container comprises abottle 5 holding aliquid nutrient 10, for example an isotonic liquid. Drinks such as Gatorade™ or PowerAde™ are examples of isotonic drinks/liquids. Thecontainer 5 may be made of one or more layers of a plastic polymer using various molding processes known by those skilled in the art. Examples of polymers used in the manufacture of bottles are PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PP (polypropylene), LDPE (low density polyethylene) and HDPE (high density polyethylene).FIG. 2 illustrates aplastic bottle 5 formed using two differentpolymeric layers container 5 may comprise any desired number of layers. - A fluid container made in accordance with the present invention is especially useful for containing a liquid nutrient having a pH equal to or greater than about 2.5. The container is designed to have an interior surface having a metal-ion sequestering agent for removing a designated metal ion from a liquid nutrient for inhibiting growth of microbes in said liquid nutrient. It is preferred that the metal-ion sequestrant is immobilized within the materials forming the container or is immobilized within a polymeric layer directly in contact with the beverage or liquid nutrient. It is further preferred that the metal-ion sequestering agent is immobilized on the surface(s) of said container. This is important because metal-ion sequestrants that are not immobilized may diffuse through the material or polymeric layers of the container and dissolve into the contents of the beverage. Metal ions complexed by dissolved sequestrants will not be sequestered within the surfaces of the container but may be available for use by micro-organisms.
- It is preferred that the sequestering agent is immobilized on the surface(s) of said container and has a high-affinity for biologically important metal ions such as Mn, Zn, Cu and Fe. It is further preferred that the immobilized sequestering agent has a high-selectivity for biologically important metal ions such as Mn, Zn, Cu and Fe. It is preferred that said sequestering agent has a high-selectively for certain metal ions but a low-affinity for at least one other ion. It is further preferred that said certain metal ions comprises Mn, Zn, Cu and Fe and said other at least one ion comprises calcium. This is preferred because some metal ions such as calcium, sodium and potassium may be beneficial to the taste and quality of the food, and are usually very highly abundant in foodstuffs and in liquid extrudates of foodstuffs. It is preferred that said metal-ion sequestering agent is immobilized on the surface(s) of said container and has a stability constant greater than 1010 with iron (III), more preferably greater than 1020 with iron (III), and most preferably greater than 1030 with iron (III). This is preferred because iron is an essential nutrient for virtually all micro-organisms, and sequestration of iron may most beneficially limit the growth of micro-organisms.
- In a particularly preferred embodiment, the invention provides a fluid container wherein said metal-ion sequestering agent comprises derivatized nanoparticles comprising inorganic nanoparticles having an attached metal-ion sequestrant, wherein said inorganic nanoparticles have an average particle size of less than 200 nm and the derivatized nanoparticles have a stability constant greater than 1010 with iron (III). It is preferred that the inorganic nanoparticles have an average particle size of less than 100 nm. It is preferred that said metal-ion sequestrant is attached to the nanoparticle by reacting the nanoparticle with a silicon alkoxide intermediate of the sequestrant having the general formula:
Si(OR)4-xR′x;
wherein x is an integer from 1 to 3;
R is an alkyl group; and
R′ is an organic group containing an alpha amino carboxylate, a hydroxamate, or a catechol. Derivatized nanoparticles useful for practice of the invention are described in detail in pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/822,940. - In a preferred embodiment the metal-ion sequestering agent is immobilized in a polymeric layer, and the polymeric layer contacts the fluid contained therein. The metal-ion sequestrant may be formed integrally within the materials comprising the bottle or may be contained within a polymeric layer directly in contact with the beverage or liquid nutrient. It is preferred that the polymer is permeable to water. It is preferred that the metal-ion sequestering agent comprises are 0.1 to 50.0% by weight of the polymer. Polymers useful for practice of the invention are described in detail in pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/823,453.
- In a preferred embodiment, the metal-ion sequestering agent comprises an alpha amino carboxylate, a hydroxamate, or a catechol functional group. Metal-ion sequestrants suitable for practice of the invention include ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), Hydroxylpropylenediaminetetraacetic acid (DPTA), nitrilotriacetic acid, triethylenetetraaminehexaacetic acid, N,N-bis(o-hydroxybenzyl) ethylenediamine-N,N diacteic acid, and ethylenebis-N,N′-(2-o-hydroxyphenyl)glycine, acetohydroxamic acid, and desferroxamine B (the iron chelating drug desferal), catechol, disulfocatechol, dimethyl-2,3-dihydroxybenzamide, mesitylene catecholamide (MECAM) and derivatives thereof, 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene-3,6-sulfonic acid, and 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene-6-sulfonic acid, and siderophores molecules naturally synthesized by micro-organisms which have a very high affinity for Fe. Metal-ion sequestering agents suitable for use in the invention are described at length in pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/822,940.
- Referring to
FIG. 3 , there is illustrated an embodiment of afluid container 5 made in accordance with the present invention. Thecontainer 5, which in the embodiment illustrated is a bottle, is made of a material that comprises abarrier layer 22; anouter polymeric layer 20 and aninner polymeric layer 40 between saidbarrier layer 22 andouter polymeric layer 20. Theinner polymeric layer 22 contains a metal-ion sequestrant 35. Thebarrier layer 22 preferably does not contain the metal-ion sequestrant 35. Theouter layer 20 may provide several functions including improving the physical strength and toughness of the article and resistance to scratching, marring, cracking, etc. However, the primary purpose of thebarrier layer 22 is to provide a barrier through which micro-organisms 25 present in the contained fluid cannot pass. It is important to limit, or eliminate, in certain applications, the direct contact ofmicro-organisms 25 with the metal-ion sequestrant 35 or the layer containing the metal-ion sequestrant 35, sincemany micro-organisms 25, under conditions of iron deficiency, may bio-synthesize molecules which are strong chelators for iron, and other metals. These bio-synthetic molecules are called “siderophores” and their primary purpose it to procure iron for the micro-organisms 25. Thus, if themicro-organism 25 are allowed to directly contact the metal-ion sequestrant 35, they may find a rich source of iron there, and begin to colonize directly at these surfaces. The siderophores produced by the micro-organisms may compete with the metal-ion sequestrant for the iron (or other bio-essential metal) at their surfaces. However the energy required for the organisms to adapt their metabolism to synthesize these siderophores will impact significantly their growth rate. Thus, one object of the invention is to lower growth rate of organisms in the contained liquid. Since thebarrier layer 22 of the invention does not contain the metal-ion sequestrant 35, and because micro-organisms are large, the micro-organisms may not pass or diffuse through thebarrier layer 22. Thebarrier layer 22 thus prevents contact of the micro-organisms with thepolymeric layer 40 containing the metal-ion sequestrant 35 of the invention. It is preferred that thebarrier layer 22 is permeable to water. It is preferred that thebarrier layer 22 has a thickness “x” in the range of 0.1 microns to 10.0 microns. It is preferred that microbes are unable to penetrate, to diffuse or pass through thebarrier layer 22.Sequestrant 35 with a sequestered metal ion is indicated by numeral 35′. - Still referring again to
FIG. 3 , the enlarged sectioned view of thefluid container 5 shown in 3, illustrates a bottler havingbarrier layer 22, which is in direct contact with theliquid nutrient 10, aninner polymeric layer 40 and anouter polymeric layer 20. However, the bottle ofFIG. 2 comprises aninner polymeric layer 15 that does not contain any metal-ion sequestering agents. In the prior art bottle illustrated inFIG. 2 , themicro-organisms 25 are free to gather the “free”iron ions 30. In the example shown inFIG. 3 , theinner polymer 40 contains an immobilized metal-ion sequestering agent 35 such as EDTA. In order for the metal-ion sequestering agent 35 to work properly, theinner polymer 40 containing the metal-ion sequestering agent 35 must be permeable to aqueous media. Preferred polymers forlayers polymer 40 allowing the “free”iron ion 30 to reach and be captured by theagent 35. Anadditional barrier 22 may be used to prevent the micro-organism 25 from reaching theinner polymer material 40 containing the metal-ion sequestering agent 35. Like theinner polymer material 40, thebarrier layer 22 must be made of a water permeable polymer as previously described. Themicro-organism 25 is too large to pass through thebarrier 22 or thepolymer 40 so it cannot reach the sequesterediron ion 30 now held by the metal-ion sequestering agent 35. By using the metal-ion sequestering agents 35 to significantly reduce the amount of “free”iron ions 30 in theliquid nutrient 10, the growth of themicro-organism 25 is eliminated or severely reduced. - In the embodiment shown in
FIGS. 4, 5 , and 6 the metal-ion sequestering agent 35 is contained in thebottle cap 50 instead on the inside surface of thebottle 5. Aninner portion 45 of thecap 50, which is in intimate contact with theliquid nutrient 10 is made of ahydrophilic polymer 55 containing the metal-ion sequestering agent 35 such as EDTA as described above. In some situations, the bottle may need to be placed in the inverted position in order for the sequestrant to become in contact with the contained nutrient. Thecap 50 may also have thebarrier layer 22 to further prevent themicro-organisms 25 from reaching the sequestered “free”iron 30. In another embodiment (not shown) the cap sealing material could be an open cell foamed structure whose cell walls are coated with the sequestering material. - In still another embodiment, the sequestering
agent 35 may be in ahydrophilic polymeric insert 52 that is placed in thebottle 5 as illustrated inFIG. 4 . Theinsert 52 may be instead of or in addition to the sequestrant in thecap 50 or interior of the bottle. Theinsert 52 is placed in thebottle 5 but unfolds making it too large to exit thebottle 5. In another version, theinsert 52 is molded into the bottom of thebottle 5. - Referring to
FIGS. 7 and 8 , there is illustrated another modified embodiment of a container made in accordance with the present invention, like parts indicating like parts and operation as previously described. In this embodiment the metal-ion sequestering agent 35 is contained in a projectingmember 60 that extends fromcap 50 into thebottle 5 so that it will be in intimate contact with theliquid nutrient 10. In the embodiment, the projecting member is in the configuration of a straw that can later be used to drink the liquid content in the bottle. Like the hydrophilic polymer material lining of the inside of thebottle 5 andbottle cap 50, theextension 60 or straw is made of ahydrophilic polymer 65 containing the metal-ion sequestering agents 35 such as EDTA as described inFIG. 3 . When thebottle 5 is filled with theliquid nutrient 10 such as an isotonic, and is capped, thestraw 60 protrudes from thecap 50 into thesolution 10 allowing the “free”iron ions 35 to be sequestered from the liquidnutrient liquid nutrient 10. Thestraw 60 may also have thebarrier layer 22 to further prevent themicro-organisms 25 from reaching the sequestered “free”iron ions 30. Theouter layer 20 may also be made of a material similar tobarrier layer 22 so that “free”iron ions 30 can reach the sequestrant 35 from the outside of thestraw 60. - In the example shown the extension is a straw, but the extension can be of any shape just as long as it extends into the food or beverage establishing intimate contact.
- Referring to
FIGS. 9 and 10 , there is illustrated another embodiment of abottle 5 made in accordance with the present invention. In this embodiment, the metal-ion sequestering agent 35 is applied to theinside surface 80 of thebottle 5 by spraying a metal-ion sequestering agent 35, for example EDTA, on to the inside surface of the bottle, through asupply tube 85 using a spherical shapednozzle assembly 90. Thenozzle assembly 90 is moved up and down in the direction of thearrow 95 while the metal-ion sequestering agent 35 is sprayed as indicated by thearrows 100. The method of applying coatings to glass, metal or plastic containers is well known to those skilled in the art.FIG. 10 illustrates an enlarged partial cross sectional view of the portion of the bottle ofFIG. 9 where thespray coating 105 of theion sequestering agent 35 has been applied. As previously discussed inFIG. 3 , like numerals indicate like parts and operations. It is of course understood that the inner layer containing the sequestrant may be applied or formed on the inside surface of the container in any appropriate manner. Thebottle 5 in this embodiment may be made of any appropriate plastic or glass material. - Referring to
FIGS. 11 and 12 , there is illustrated yet another modifiedcontainer 110 made in accordance with the present invention. In particular the container comprises juice/drink box 110 for containing a liquid beverage. Thebox 110 is made of a sheet material that comprisesinner layer 115, amiddle layer 120 made of a hydrophobic polymer material, and anouter layer 125. Theinner layer 115 is in direct contact with theliquid nutrient 10 and is made of a hydrophilic polymer containing the metal-ion sequestering agent 35 such as EDTA as described above inFIG. 3 . As previously discussed inFIG. 3 , like numerals indicate like parts and operations. Theouter layer 125 may comprise a foil wrap. - Referring to
FIGS. 13 and 14 , there is illustrated yet another modified embodiment of acontainer 130 made in accordance with the present invention. In the embodiment, the container comprises a stand uppouch 130. Thepouch 130 comprises aninner layer 135 made of a hydrophilic polymer material, and anouter layer 140. Theouter layer 140 may be made of a polymer such as Mylar™ with a metalizedcoating 145. Theinner layer 135 is in direct contact with theliquid nutrient 10 and is made of a hydrophilic polymer containing the metal-ion sequestering agent 35 such as EDTA as described above inFIG. 3 . The stand uppouch 130 may also have thebarrier layer 22 not shown to further prevent themicro-organisms 25 from reaching the sequestered “free”iron 30. As previously discussed inFIG. 3 , like numerals indicate like parts and operations. - Referring to
FIGS. 15 and 16 , there is illustrated still another modified container made in accordance with the present invention. In this embodiment the container comprises abag 150. Thebag 150, which is intended to hold an aqueous material, comprises aninner layer 155 made of a hydrophobic polymer material, and anouter layer 160. Theouter layer 140 may be made of a polymer such as polyethylene terephthalate. Theinner layer 155 is in direct contact with theaqueous material 155 and is made of a hydrophilic polymer containing the metal-ion sequestering agent 35 such as EDTA as described above inFIG. 3 . Thebag 150 may also have thebarrier layer 22 not shown to further prevent themicro-organisms 25 from reaching the sequestered “free”iron 30. As previously discussed inFIG. 3 , like numerals indicate like parts and operations. - The
juice box 110, thepouch 130 and thebag 150 may be constructed from abase web 170 as illustrated inFIG. 17 . After thebase web 170 is formed, thehydrophilic layer 175 is applied via acoating assembly 180 comprised of areservoir 185, anapplicator 190 and a drive mechanism not shown to form the hydrophilicinner layer 175 containing the metal-ion sequestering agent 35 as described above inFIG. 3 . Other methods of forming and of making webs and applying a coating such as coextrusion maybe used. It is of course understood that any suitable technique or process may be used for applying a coating on supporting web as long as the coating has the appropriate sequestrant. - Referring to
FIGS. 18 and 19 there is illustrated and modifiedcontainer 220 made in accordance with the present invention. In this embodiment, thecontainer 220 comprises a can. The can 200 is made of a metal material such as aluminum or steel, and has a top and a bottom, which may or may not be made as separate piece. The can 200 may also have alining 205, which is in direct contact with theaqueous material 155 and intended to prevent corrosion of the metal by the contents of the can. The construction of metal cans is well known by one skilled in the art. The lining 205 may include a hydrophilic polymer containing the metal-ion sequestering agent 35 or have ahydrophilic polymer strip 210 containing metal-ion sequestering agent 35 made as part of lining 205 of thecan 200. Thestrip 210 may have a width “w” of between 1 millimeter and 30 millimeters and be spaced at intervals around the inside circumference of thecan 200 and a depth “d” of −1.0 to 10 micrometers. In still another embodiment, the sequesteringagent 35 may be in ahydrophilic polymeric insert 52. Theinsert 52 is placed in thecan 200 but unfolds making it too large to exit thecan 200. Theinsert 52 may be simply placed on the bottom of the container or if desired secured to the interior surface of the container in some fashion. The metal-ion sequestering agent performs as previously described above inFIG. 3 . - Referring to
FIG. 20 , there is illustrated a cross-sectional view of afilter assembly 220 comprising aninlet port 225, anoutlet port 230, and afilter 235. Thefilter 235 contains an immobilized metal-ion sequestering agent as previously described. As the solution flows through thefilter assembly 220 in the direction indicated by thearrows 240, and through thefilter 235 the metal ions in the solution are sequestered and removed by the metal-ion sequestering agent 245. - Referring to
FIG. 21 , there is illustrated a cross sectional view of a fluid bedion exchange assembly 250 comprising aholding tank 255, aninlet port 260, anoutlet port 265, and afluid bed 270 containing a metal-ion sequestering material 275 made in accordance with the present invention. Thesolution 280 flows into the fluid bedion exchange assembly 250 viainlet port 260 as indicated byarrow 285 through the metal-ion sequestering material 275 influid bed 270 as indicated byarrows 290 and out the outlet port as indicated byarrow 295. -
FIG. 22 is an enlarged partial view of a portion of thefluid bed 270 containing a metal-ion sequestering material 275. An example of the metal-ion sequestering material 275 comprises acore material 300 and ashell material 305 made of the metal-ion sequestering agent 35 as described in pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/822,940. As previously described above inFIG. 21 , thesolution 280 containing “free”metal ions 310 flows through thefluid bed 270 as indicated by thearrows 315. As thesolution 280 flows through thefluid bed 270 theshell material 305 made of the metal-ion sequestering agent 35 gathers themetal ions 320 removing them from the solution, which then flow out through theoutlet port 265. - While in many of the embodiments illustrated, a barrier layer is not discussed, it is to be understood that a
barrier layer 22 may be provided in any of the embodiments for preventing the microbes (micro-organism) from contacting the sequestrant. - The invention has been described in detail with particular reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, but it will be understood that variations and modifications can be effected within the spirit and scope of the invention.
-
- 5 fluid container/bottle
- 10 liquid nutrient
- 15 inner polymeric layer
- 20 outer polymeric layer
- 22 barrier layer
- 25 micro-organism
- 30 “free” iron ion
- 35 metal-ion sequestering agents
- 35′ metal-ion sequestering agent with a sequestered metal ion
- 40 hydrophilic polymer
- 45 inner portion
- 50 bottle cap
- 52 insert
- 55 hydrophilic polymer
- 60 extension (straw)
- 65 hydrophilic polymer
- 80 inside surface
- 85 supply tube
- 90 spherical shaped nozzle assembly
- 95 arrow
- 100 arrow
- 105 spray coating
- 110 juice box
- 115 inner layer
- 120 middle layer
- 125 outer layer
- 130 pouch
- 135 inner layer
- 140 outer layer
- 145 coating
- 150 bag
- 155 aqueous material
- 160 inner layer
- 165 outer layer
- 170 base web
- 175 hydrophilic layer
- 180 coating assembly
- 185 reservoir
- 190 applicator
- 200 can
- 205 lining
- 210 strip
- 220 filter assembly
- 225 inlet port
- 230 outlet port
- 235 filter
- 240 arrow
- 250 fluid bed ion exchange assembly
- 255 holding tank
- 260 inlet port
- 265 outlet port
- 270 fluid bed
- 275 sequestering material
- 280 solution
- 285 arrow
- 290 arrow
- 295 arrow
- 300 core material
- 305 shell material
- 310 “free” metal ions
- 315 arrows
- 320 gathered metal ions
Claims (8)
1. A method for bottling a liquid having a pH equal to or greater than about 2.5, comprising the steps of:
a. providing a container having a sequestering agent provided on at least a portion of said internal surface for inhibiting growth of microbes;
b. filling said container with a liquid having a PH equal to or greater than about 2.5; and
c. sealing said container with said liquid contained therein.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein said container comprises a bottle and cap assembly.
3. A method according to claim 1 wherein sequestering agent in provided on the interior surface of said bottle.
4. A method according to claim 2 wherein sequestering agent in provided on the interior surface of said cap.
5. A method according to claim 1 wherein sequestering agent in provided as an insert.
6. A method according to claim 1 wherein said bottle is made of a material that includes said sequestering agent.
7. A method according to claim 1 wherein said liquid is a beverage that is consumed by individuals.
8. A method according to claim 1 wherein said pH is equal to or greater than about 4.0.
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- 2005-04-05 WO PCT/US2005/011895 patent/WO2005099490A2/en active Application Filing
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2006
- 2006-06-08 US US11/449,101 patent/US7258804B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-06-08 US US11/449,102 patent/US20060225807A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-06-08 US US11/449,399 patent/US20060225380A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-06-08 US US11/449,654 patent/US7309462B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-06-08 US US11/449,425 patent/US7258787B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7258787B2 (en) | 2007-08-21 |
WO2005099490A3 (en) | 2005-12-29 |
US20050228067A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
US7258786B2 (en) | 2007-08-21 |
US20060231506A1 (en) | 2006-10-19 |
WO2005099490A2 (en) | 2005-10-27 |
US20050224418A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
US7347946B2 (en) | 2008-03-25 |
US7309462B2 (en) | 2007-12-18 |
US20060226582A1 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
US7258916B2 (en) | 2007-08-21 |
US7258804B2 (en) | 2007-08-21 |
US20060226059A1 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
US20060226085A1 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
US20060225380A1 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
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