US20060174640A1 - System and method for operating a condenser at low ambient conditions - Google Patents
System and method for operating a condenser at low ambient conditions Download PDFInfo
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- US20060174640A1 US20060174640A1 US11/351,677 US35167706A US2006174640A1 US 20060174640 A1 US20060174640 A1 US 20060174640A1 US 35167706 A US35167706 A US 35167706A US 2006174640 A1 US2006174640 A1 US 2006174640A1
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- condenser
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- condenser coil
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
- F25B49/027—Condenser control arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/07—Details of compressors or related parts
- F25B2400/075—Details of compressors or related parts with parallel compressors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/11—Fan speed control
- F25B2600/111—Fan speed control of condenser fans
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2106—Temperatures of fresh outdoor air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2116—Temperatures of a condenser
- F25B2700/21161—Temperatures of a condenser of the fluid heated by the condenser
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
Abstract
A condenser arrangement for control of condenser temperature and condenser pressure. The condenser arrangement includes a condenser coil and a plurality of fans disposed adjacent to the condenser coil. The plurality of fans are arranged and disposed to circulate air through the condenser coil. At least one baffle is positioned between adjacent fans of the plurality of fans and forms a plurality of channels extending from a surface of the condenser coil. The channels include a variable flow channel having a plurality of adjacent fans of the plurality of fans. The condenser arrangement also includes a control system to control operation of the plurality of fans. The control system is configured to independently control each fan of the plurality of fans in response to a sensed condition.
Description
- The present invention relates generally to a condenser arrangement for a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system.
- An HVAC system generally includes a closed loop refrigeration system with at least one evaporator, at least one condenser and at least one compressor. As the refrigerant travels through the evaporator, it absorbs heat from a heat transfer fluid to be cooled and changes from a liquid to a vapor phase. After exiting the evaporator, the refrigerant proceeds to a compressor, then a condenser, then an expansion valve, and back to the evaporator, repeating the refrigeration cycle. The fluid to be cooled passes through the evaporator in a separate fluid channel and is cooled by the evaporation of the refrigerant. The cooled fluid can then be sent to a distribution system for cooling the spaces to be conditioned, or it can be used for other refrigeration purposes.
- High capacity HVAC systems may include multiple refrigerant circuits or multiple compressors connected in the refrigerant loop. Air-cooled refrigeration systems that utilize multiple compressors, arranged in tandem (parallel), typically utilize a single condenser coil that is sized to handle the load of all of the compressors operating simultaneously. This results in a condenser that has excessive heat exchange capacity when less than all of the compressors in the system are operating, essentially making the condenser coils oversized for the system operating. Making this problem worse, condenser coils are often manufactured oversized, with corresponding increased airflows, with respect to the system full load requirements, in order to meet the ever-increasing efficiency requirements for modern refrigeration systems. The condensers present in these systems are typically installed outdoors and/or in locations subject to outdoor ambient conditions, particularly temperature. When the outdoor ambient temperature falls, the amount of heat being removed from the refrigerant in the condenser increases. The increased heat removal in the condenser can result in a decrease in the refrigerant pressure at the suction line to the compressor. A decrease in suction pressure to the compressor results in a lowering of the temperature of the refrigerant at the evaporator. However, when the temperature of the refrigerant at the evaporator becomes too low, system performance suffers. If the suction pressure falls too low, the system may experience problems, such as evaporator freezing, liquid slugging at the compressor and/or system instability.
- In addition to the problem of an oversized condenser coil, there is a need to decrease the condenser “capacity” in order to maintain proper system operation. One approach to provide good system control and offset the excessive cooling that may result from an oversized coil includes a variable speed condenser fan used to control airflow over the condenser coil. As the amount of air passing over the coil decreases, the amount of heat transfer taking place at the coil decreases. Therefore, the temperature of the refrigerant in the condenser and the pressure of the system increase to allow the evaporator to cool the heat transfer fluid without system performance problems. The use of the variable speed condenser fan has the drawback that it is expensive and requires complicated wiring and controls. An alternate method used for condenser airflow control is to utilize multiple small condenser fans that may be cycled on and off as necessary. However, the flow resulting from multiple small condensers is stepped and provides predetermined levels of cooling capacity at the condenser based upon the number of fans activated. To provide adequate control a very large number of fans and independent controls for each fan are required, which is expensive and requires complicated wiring and/or controls.
- Air-cooled condensers that are oversized often result in a system performance that degrades rapidly as the ambient temperature of the condenser air decreases. In order for these types of systems to operate effectively and reliably, the amount of cooling taking place at the condenser has to be reduced as the ambient temperature decreases. As discussed above, a common way to vary the performance of the condenser coil at lower ambient temperatures is to use multiple condenser fans controlled in such a way as to decrease the number of fans that are operating. As the number of fans in operation decreases, the volume of air drawn through the condenser coil is likewise decreased. Unfortunately, to provide sufficient control, particularly at low ambient temperature conditions, there must be a large number of condenser fans used, or excessive fan cycling will occur. Excessive fan cycling increases the amount of energy required to operate the condenser and increases the wear on the fans, which increases maintenance costs. This excessive fan cycling is due to the fact that the operating ambient temperature range when a fan is activated versus when the same fan is deactivated can have a significant gap. For example, the operating ambient temperature range for one system having a single fan activated may be 20° F.-35° F. However, the same system may include an operating ambient temperature range of 45° F.-60° F. for two fans activated. Operational problems occur for this condenser system if the ambient temperature is between about 35° F. and 45° F. In this temperature range, the second condenser fan may be cycled repeatedly with relatively small changes in temperature.
- Therefore, what is needed is a method and apparatus for improving low ambient temperature operation and reliability in a high efficiency condenser, while not sacrificing high ambient temperature performance and overall system efficiency.
- The present invention includes a condenser arrangement for control of condenser temperature and condenser pressure and an HVAC system employing the condenser arrangement. The condenser arrangement includes a condenser coil and a plurality of fans disposed adjacent to the condenser coil. The plurality of fans are arranged and disposed to circulate air through the condenser coil. At least one baffle extending from a surface of the condenser coil is positioned between adjacent fans of the plurality of fans and forms a plurality of channels. The plurality of channels include a variable flow channel having a plurality of adjacent fans of the plurality of fans to control airflow through the channel. The condenser arrangement also includes a control system to control operation of the plurality of fans. The control system is configured to independently control each fan of the plurality of fans in response to a sensed condition.
- The present invention also includes a method for controlling condenser pressure. The method includes providing a condenser arrangement having a condenser coil, a plurality of fans disposed adjacent to the condenser coil, and a plurality of channels extending from a surface of the condenser coil. The plurality of channels include a variable flow channel having a plurality of adjacent fans of the plurality of fans to control airflow through the channel. Air is circulated through the condenser coil by activating one or more of the plurality of fans. A condition of refrigerant in the condenser coil or a condition of inlet air to the condenser coil is sensed. At least one fan of the plurality of fans of the variable flow channel is deactivated in response to the sensed condition to lower airflow through the condenser coil. At least one active fan of the plurality of fans draws bypass air from an area adjacent to the at least one deactivated fan to further lower airflow through the condenser coil.
- One advantage of the present invention is that condenser fan cycling is significantly reduced or even eliminated at all but the lowest ambient temperatures.
- Another advantage of the present invention is improved system control by improving the overlaps in condenser performance between condenser fan stages.
- Still another advantage of the present invention is that fewer condenser fans can be used resulting in a lower system cost.
- Other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following more detailed description of the preferred embodiment, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention.
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FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention used in an HVAC or chiller system. -
FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of the condenser arrangement of the present invention. -
FIG. 3 illustrates the embodiment of the condenser arrangement shown inFIG. 2 operating according to an embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 4 illustrates the embodiment of the condenser arrangement shown inFIG. 2 operating according to another embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 5 illustrates the embodiment of the condenser arrangement shown inFIG. 2 operating according to still anther embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 6 illustrates the embodiment of the condenser arrangement shown inFIG. 2 operating according to still anther embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 7 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the condenser arrangement of the present invention. - Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts.
- A general system to which the invention can be applied is illustrated in
FIG. 1 . As shown, the HVAC, refrigeration orliquid chiller system 100 has two compressors incorporated in a corresponding refrigerant circuit, but it is to be understood that thesystem 100 can have more than two compressors for providing the desired system load. Thesystem 100 includes afirst compressor 102 and asecond compressor 103 operating in tandem or parallel, acondenser arrangement 108, expansion devices, a water chiller orevaporator arrangement 110 and acontrol panel 112. Thecontrol panel 112 can include an analog to digital (A/D) converter, a microprocessor, a non-volatile memory, and an interface board to control operation of thesystem 100. Thecontrol panel 112 receives input signals from thesystem 100, e.g., temperature and pressure measurements, that indicate the performance of thesystem 100, and also receives input signals corresponding to the surrounding ambient conditions, e.g., outdoor air temperature measurements, and then transmits signals to components of thesystem 100 to control the operation of thesystem 100. The present invention is not limited to the control panels discussed above and may include any suitable control system, capable of providing condenser fan control. A conventional HVAC, refrigeration orliquid chiller system 100 includes many other features that are not shown inFIG. 1 . These features have been purposely omitted to simplify the drawing for ease of illustration. While the following description ofsystem 100 is in terms of a HVAC system, it is to be understood that the invention could be applied to any refrigeration system or any liquid chiller system. - The first and
second compressors condenser arrangement 108 by discharge lines that are combined into a single line. In another embodiment of the present invention, separate discharge lines are used to deliver refrigerant vapor to thecondenser arrangement 108, where the refrigerant vapor is combined. The first andsecond compressors condenser 108 enters into a heat exchange relationship with a fluid, which is preferably air, and undergoes a phase change to a refrigerant liquid as a result of the heat exchange relationship with the fluid. The condensed liquid refrigerant fromcondenser arrangement 108 flows through corresponding expansion devices to anevaporator 110. - The refrigerant liquid delivered to the
evaporator 110 enters into a heat exchange relationship with a fluid, e.g., air, water or secondary liquid, and undergoes a phase change to a refrigerant gas as a result of the heat exchange relationship with the fluid. Theevaporator 110 can include connections for a supply line and a return line of the fluid. The fluid travels into theevaporator 110 via the return line and exits theevaporator 110 via the supply line. The liquid refrigerant in theevaporator 110 enters into a heat exchange relationship with the fluid to remove heat from the fluid. The vapor refrigerant in theevaporator 110 then returns to the first andsecond compressors evaporator 110 can be combined into a single line exiting theevaporator 110 that then splits or branches to deliver refrigerant vapor to the first andsecond compressors second compressors evaporator 110 can be used in thesystem 100, provided that the appropriate phase change of the refrigerant in theevaporator 110 is obtained. - To drive the first and
second compressors system 100 includes a motor or drive mechanism for the first andsecond compressors second compressors second compressors -
FIG. 2 illustrates schematically thecondenser arrangement 108 of the present invention. Thecondenser arrangement 108 includes acondenser coil 202 disposed in ahousing 204. The refrigerant vapor delivered to thecondenser coil 202 enters through ancoil inlet connection 220 and the condensed liquid refrigerant exiting thecondenser coil 202 flows through acoil outlet connection 222. Thecondenser coil 202 can be any suitable type of coil arrangement that may be used for providing heat transfer with a circulating air or gas that passes through the coil and is preferably sized to accommodate the maximum output capacity of the first andsecond compressors condenser arrangement 108 includesfirst fan 231,second fan 233,third fan 235,fourth fan 237 andfifth fan 239 mounted in thehousing 204. The first throughfifth fans condenser coil 202 to draw air substantially perpendicularly through aface 240 ofcondenser coil 202. The substantially perpendicular flow of air through thecondenser coil 202 permits the air to enter into a heat exchange relationship with the refrigerant in thecondenser coil 202. In addition, whileFIG. 2 illustrates 5 fans, it is to be understood that as few as 3 fans may be used and that as many as 10 or more fans could be used. WhileFIG. 2 shows the first throughfifth fans housing 204, it is to be understood that the first throughfifth fans coil 202 flows in a substantial perpendicular manner to face 240 ofcondenser coil 202. - The
condenser arrangement 108 also includes abaffle 206 positioned between the fourth andfifth fans coil 202.Baffle 206 extends from thecoil 202 towards the fourth andfifth fans flow channel 210 for airflow between thebaffle 206 and thehousing 204. “Constant flow” as used herein indicates that the flow of air throughchannel 210 is substantially constant when thefifth fan 239 is operating, i.e., the flow of air inchannel 210 is either occurring at a substantially constant rate based on operation offifth fan 239 or no flow is occurring. Airflow throughchannel 210 and the channeledportion 242 of thecondenser coil 202 corresponding to thechannel 210 is isolated from the airflow through the remainder of thecondenser arrangement 108, if any, bybaffle 206. In addition, forchannel 210, the flow of air through the channeledportion 242 ofcondenser coil 202 is substantially equal to the flow of air from thechannel 210. In other words, the flow of air inchannel 210 is limited to a single direction with a single entrance and single exit. The arrangement ofchannel 210 in this embodiment results in a substantially constant ratio of airflow to condenser coil surface area. For example, in the embodiment shown inFIG. 2 , the airflow drawn whenfifth fan 239 is operating passes through about ⅕ of the coil surface area condenser. AlthoughFIG. 2 includes a singlefifth fan 239 inchannel 210, the present invention may include a plurality of fans withinchannel 210, provided that the fans are all activated and deactivated together or simultaneously. - In addition to
channel 210, the present invention further includes avariable flow channel 211, which draws air frommixed airflow portion 244 of thecondenser coil 202. “Variable flow” as used herein indicates that flow in thechannel 211 may be varied by selective activation and/or deactivation of one or more of the first throughfourth fans channel 211. Unlike theconstant flow channel 210, which provides a predetermined fraction or substantially constant ratio of airflow to condenser coil surface area, thevariable flow channel 211 allows the fraction of airflow to be based upon the combination of fans activated or deactivated within thevariable flow channel 211.Channel 211 includes the first throughfourth fans fourth fans channel 211 from the area of the deactivated fan(s) to provide a mixedairflow exiting channel 211. In an alternate embodiment of the invention, first throughfourth fans fourth fans coil 202 and air drawn intochannel 211 from the areas of the one or more deactivated fans (see e.g.FIGS. 4-6 ). AlthoughFIG. 2 shows aconstant flow channel 210 and avariable flow channel 211, in an alternate embodiment of the invention, thecondenser arrangement 108 includes a plurality ofvariable flow channels 211, wherein thecondenser arrangement 108 does not include aconstant flow channel 210. In still another embodiment of the invention, thecondenser arrangement 108 includes a plurality ofvariable flow channels 211, wherein thecondenser arrangement 108 includes one or moreconstant flow channels 210. -
FIG. 3 shows thecondenser arrangement 108 operating according to an embodiment of the invention.FIG. 3 shows each of the first throughfifth fans condenser coil 202. The airflow throughchannel 210 includes airflow provided byfifth fan 239. The airflow throughchannel 211 includes airflow provided by a combination of first throughfourth fans condenser coil 202, such as at times of higher ambient temperatures and/or during times of higher cooling requirements at the evaporator, each of the first throughfifth fans Inlet air 301 is drawn through thecondenser coil 202 into thecondenser arrangement 108 and intochannels heated air 303 present inchannels fifth fans condenser arrangement 108 asexhaust air 305. -
FIG. 4 shows thecondenser arrangement 108 operating according to another embodiment of the invention.FIG. 4 shows the first andfifth fans fourth fans channel 211. As inFIG. 3 , airflow throughchannel 210 includes airflow provided by thefifth fan 239. However, inFIG. 4 , airflow throughchannel 211 includes airflow provided by thefirst fan 231 only.Exhaust air 305 fromfan 231 includes a mixture ofheated air 303 drawn through thecoil 202 and bypass orsupplemental air 307, which is drawn from an exterior area of thecondenser arrangement 108 through the areas of the deactivated second throughfourth fans FIG. 4 includes the method for controlling the refrigerant conditions within thecondenser coil 202 when the ambient temperature is low or the heat load on the system is reduced. One benefit of this arrangement is that a substantially quantity of air exhausted fromchannel 211 by thefirst fan 231 is now drawn through thecondenser coil 202 and a reduced amount of air is used to remove heat from thesystem 100. -
FIG. 5 shows thecondenser arrangement 108 operating according to still another embodiment of the invention.FIG. 5 shows the first, second andfifth fans fourth fans channel 211. As inFIG. 3 , airflow throughchannel 210 includes airflow provided by thefifth fan 239. However, inFIG. 5 , airflow throughchannel 211 includes airflow provided by the first andsecond fans Exhaust air 305 fromfans heated air 303 drawn through thecondenser coil 202 andbypass air 307, which is drawn from an exterior area of thecondenser arrangement 108 through the areas of the deactivated third andfourth fans FIG. 5 includes the method for controlling the refrigerant conditions within thecondenser coil 202 when the ambient temperature is low or the heat load on the system is reduced. -
FIG. 6 shows thecondenser arrangement 108 operating according to still another embodiment of the invention.FIG. 6 shows the first through third andfifth fans fourth fan 237 inactivated. The combination of activated and inactivated fans provides for a mixture of air withinchannel 211. As inFIG. 3 , airflow throughchannel 210 includes airflow provided by thefifth fan 239. However, inFIG. 6 , airflow throughchannel 211 includes airflow provided by the first throughthird fans Exhaust air 305 from the first throughthird fans heated air 303 drawn through thecondenser coil 202 andbypass air 307, which is drawn from an exterior area of thecondenser arrangement 108 through the areas of the deactivatedfourth fan 237. The operation shown inFIG. 6 includes the method for controlling the refrigerant conditions within thecondenser coil 202 when the ambient temperature is low or the heat load on thesystem 100 is reduced. -
FIG. 7 shown an alternate embodiment of the present invention including a second baffle 208 can be positioned between the third andfourth fans coil 202 towards the third andfourth fans channel 212 for airflow between thefirst baffle 206, the second baffle 208 and thehousing 204. Airflow through thechannel 212 and the portion of thecondenser coil 202 corresponding to thechannel 212 is isolated from the airflow through the remainder of thecondenser arrangement 108, if any, and is controlled by the operation of thefourth fan 237. Like with the arrangement ofchannel 210 andfirst baffle 206, second baffle 208 is configured to substantially prevent any airflow through thechannel 212 when thefourth fan 237 is deactivated. Also, likechannel 210 described above,channel 212 may include a plurality of fans. AlthoughFIGS. 2-7 show embodiments with the first orsecond baffles 206 and/or 208, any number of baffles may be used provided that at least one channel formed by the baffles include a plurality of fans. Further, although thecondenser arrangement 108 shown inFIG. 7 includeschannels channel 211 is the only channel subject to variable airflows through thecondenser coil 202, any combination of variable flow channels, such aschannel 211 and constant flow channels, such aschannels FIGS. 2-7 , but may include any geometry and arrangement of fans that provides an airflow through the coil, and having a combination of constant flow channels and variable flow channels. - In addition to the positioning of the
first baffle 206, and/or second baffle 208, the first throughfifth fans control panel 112 to generate a desired condenser temperature and/or condenser pressure when the condenser arrangement is operated at lower ambient conditions and lower load conditions. A reduction in outdoor ambient temperature and/or a decrease in system load reduces the number of the first throughfifth condenser fans control panel 112. - In one embodiment of the invention, the
control panel 112 executes a control system that preferably uses control algorithm(s) or software to control operation of thesystem 100 and to determine and implement an operating configuration for the first throughfifth fans condenser arrangement 108 to control the condenser temperature and/or condenser pressure. The control algorithm(s) may include computer programs or software stored in the non-volatile memory of the control panel and can include a series of instructions executable by the microprocessor of the control panel. While it is preferred that the control algorithm be embodied in a computer program(s) and executed by the microprocessor, it is to be understood that the control algorithm may be implemented and executed using digital and/or analog hardware by those skilled in the art. If hardware is used to execute the control algorithm, the corresponding configuration of the control panel can be changed to incorporate the necessary components and to remove any components that may no longer be required. - The control algorithm may sense system parameters and/or system conditions to generate the appropriate control signals for the first through
fifth fans fifth fan 239 should be operated and the remaining first throughfourth fans condenser coil 202 resulting from operation of thefifth fan 239 provides the desired condenser temperature and/or condenser pressure. However, for another set of inputs the control algorithm may determine that thefirst fan 231 should be operated and the second throughfifth fans first fan 231 throughchannel 211 ofcondenser coil 202 not isolated from airflow byfirst baffle 206 provides the desired condenser temperature and/or condenser pressure. The control algorithm is not limited to the combinations above and may include any combination of the first throughfifth fans - In one embodiment of the invention, the control of the
condenser arrangement 108 may include sensing an ambient temperature and utilizing a lookup table or similar control scheme that contains a predetermined combination of fans that corresponds to the ambient temperature sensed. For example, if the ambient temperature is between 15° F. and 25° F., thecontrol panel 112 may deactivatefifth fan 239 and activatefirst fan 231. In addition, for ambient temperatures between 25° F. and 35° F. thecontrol panel 112 may activatefifth fan 239 and activatefirst fan 231. - In another embodiment of the present invention, the control of the condenser arrangement may include sensing condensing pressure with a pressure sensing device, such as a pressure transducer, and providing a predetermined combination of fans corresponding to a condensing pressure range for a lookup table or similar control scheme. For example, if the pressure falls below a minimum pressure in a particular capacity step range, the combination of fans corresponding to the lower capacity are activated. Likewise, if the pressure rises above a maximum pressure in a particular capacity step range, the combination of fans corresponding to the higher capacity are activated.
- While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (19)
1. A condenser arrangement comprising:
a condenser coil;
a plurality of fans disposed adjacent to the condenser coil, the plurality of fans being arranged and disposed to circulate air through the condenser coil;
at least one baffle positioned between adjacent fans of the plurality of fans, the at least one baffle is configured and disposed to form a plurality of channels extending from a surface of the condenser coil, the plurality of channels including at least one variable flow channel having two or more fans of the plurality of fans to control airflow through the at least one variable flow channel; and
a control system to control operation of the plurality of fans; the control system being configured to independently control each fan of the plurality of fans in response to a sensed condition to obtain a desired condenser operating condition.
2. The condenser arrangement of claim 1 , wherein the at least on baffle forms a plurality of variable flow channels having two or more fans of the plurality of fans to control airflow through the plurality of variable flow channels.
3. The condenser arrangement of claim 1 , wherein the condenser arrangement includes a plurality of baffles.
4. The condenser arrangement of claim 1 , wherein the sensed conditions are selected from the group consisting of refrigerant pressure, refrigerant temperature, inlet air temperature, outlet air temperature, and combinations thereof.
5. The condenser arrangement of claim 1 , wherein the control system activates and deactivates a predetermined combination of the plurality of fans in response to the sensed condition.
6. The condenser arrangement of claim 1 , further comprising at least one constant flow channel formed by the at least one baffle, wherein the constant flow channel includes an airflow that is substantially constant in a substantially singular direction when the fan or fans arranged to circulate air through the constant flow channel are operating.
7. An HVAC system comprising:
a compressor, an evaporator and a condenser arrangement connected in a closed refrigerant loop;
the condenser arrangement includes a condenser coil and a plurality of fans disposed adjacent to the condenser coil, the plurality of fans being arranged and disposed to circulate air through the condenser coil;
at least one baffle positioned between adjacent fans of the plurality of fans, the at least one baffle is configured and disposed to form a plurality of channels extending from a surface of the condenser coil, the plurality of channels including at least one variable flow channel having two or more fans of the plurality of fans to control airflow through the at least one variable flow channel; and
a control system to control operation of the plurality of fans; the control system being configured to independently control each fan of the plurality of fans in response to a sensed condition to obtain a desired condenser operating condition.
8. The condenser arrangement of claim 7 , wherein the at least on baffle forms a plurality of variable flow channels having two or more fans of the plurality of fans to control airflow through the plurality of variable flow channels. The system of claim 7 , wherein the condenser arrangement includes a plurality of baffles.
9. The system of claim 7 , wherein the sensed conditions are selected from the group consisting of refrigerant pressure, refrigerant temperature, inlet air temperature, outlet air temperature, and combinations thereof.
10. The system of claim 7 , wherein the control system activates and deactivates a predetermined combination of the plurality of fans in response to the sensed condition.
11. The system of claim 7 , wherein the system comprises a plurality of compressors connected in the closed refrigerant loop.
12. The system of claim 7 , wherein the system comprises a plurality of closed refrigerant loops, wherein each of the plurality of closed refrigerant loops includes the condenser arrangement.
13. The system of claim 7 , further comprising at least one constant flow channel formed by the at least one baffle, wherein the constant flow channel includes an airflow that is substantially constant in a substantially singular direction when the fan or fans arranged to circulate air through the constant flow channel are operating.
14. A method for controlling a condenser operating condition comprising:
providing a condenser arrangement having a condenser coil, a plurality of fans disposed adjacent to the condenser coil, and a plurality of channels extending from a surface of the condenser coil, the channels including a variable flow channel having two or more fans of the plurality of fans to control airflow through the variable flow channel;
circulating air through the condenser coil by activating one or more of the plurality of fans;
sensing a condition of refrigerant in the condenser coil or a condition of inlet air to the condenser coil; and
deactivating at least one fan of the two or more fans of the variable flow channel in response to sensed condition to provide a mixture of air being discharged from the variable flow channel comprising air through the condenser coil and bypass air from an area adjacent a deactivated fan.
15. The method of claim 15 , wherein the sensing step includes sensing conditions selected from the group consisting of refrigerant pressure, refrigerant temperature, inlet air temperature, outlet air temperature, and combinations thereof.
16. The method of claim 16 , wherein the step of deactivating is in response to a sensed refrigerant pressure.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the step of deactivating is in response to a sensed inlet air temperature
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the step of deactivating includes deactivation of a predetermined combination of two or more fan of the variable flow channel.
19. The method of claim 15 , further comprising circulating air through at least one constant flow channel formed by the at least one baffle, wherein the constant flow channel provides airflow that is substantially constant in a substantially singular direction.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/351,677 US20060174640A1 (en) | 2005-02-10 | 2006-02-10 | System and method for operating a condenser at low ambient conditions |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US65172305P | 2005-02-10 | 2005-02-10 | |
US11/351,677 US20060174640A1 (en) | 2005-02-10 | 2006-02-10 | System and method for operating a condenser at low ambient conditions |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20060174640A1 true US20060174640A1 (en) | 2006-08-10 |
Family
ID=36570311
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US11/351,677 Abandoned US20060174640A1 (en) | 2005-02-10 | 2006-02-10 | System and method for operating a condenser at low ambient conditions |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060174640A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1846703B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2008530490A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20070106765A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101115964A (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0606978A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2593401A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE602006010513D1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2007009618A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006086664A1 (en) |
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US20150267952A1 (en) * | 2014-03-21 | 2015-09-24 | Lennox Industries Inc. | System for controlling operation of an hvac system having tandem compressors |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1846703A1 (en) | 2007-10-24 |
CA2593401A1 (en) | 2006-08-17 |
JP2008530490A (en) | 2008-08-07 |
CN101115964A (en) | 2008-01-30 |
DE602006010513D1 (en) | 2009-12-31 |
MX2007009618A (en) | 2007-09-25 |
KR20070106765A (en) | 2007-11-05 |
BRPI0606978A2 (en) | 2009-07-28 |
WO2006086664A1 (en) | 2006-08-17 |
EP1846703B1 (en) | 2009-11-18 |
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