US20060171250A1

US20060171250A1 - Color coatings blender apparatus

Info

Publication number: US20060171250A1
Application number: US11/325,014
Authority: US
Inventors: Chris Frosztega; Frank McDonnell
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2004-12-23
Filing date: 2006-01-05
Publication date: 2006-08-03
Also published as: CA2492961C; CA2492961A1; US7979226B2; US20060190712A1

Abstract

This invention pertains to a color coatings blender apparatus to be used for color composition customization for the application of color coatings on 2D and 3D surfaces. The apparatus is comprised of a main body and interchangeable inserts all with central blender chambers and primary and secondary ports, and interchangeable spindles; the configurations of which are governed by coating technical characteristics. This invention integrates gradient specific programmable computer digital processes to function as internal editors, manipulate information and present the operator with multiple options and production overrides. This invention will make data analysis more interactive by utilizing existing external software applications as editors and expanding the process of visual communications for multiple purposes. While the blender apparatus, complete with external selectable appurtenances, can be used manually, it can also be combined with a programmable computer for producing physical gradient layers.

Description

CLAIM OF PRIORITY

This application claims the benefit of:
Canadian Nonprovisional Patent Application No. 2,492,961 entitled COLOUR COATINGS BLENDER APPARATUS, PRODUCTION OF COLOUR COATINGS GRADIENTS AND APPLICATION METHODS AND USES THEREFOR by Chris Frosztega and Frank McDonnell, filed on Dec. 23, 2004.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the benefit of U.S. patent application, “PRODUCTION OF COLOR COATINGS GRADIENTS, APPLICATION METHODS AND USES THEREFOR” filed on Dec. 23, 2005, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

COPYRIGHT NOTICE

A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material which is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Production methods developed and practised by various industries have direct consequences on our aesthetics environment. Mass production economics, dictate coatings applicators be integrated with color changers which operate to dispense discrete colors for use in the mass production processes. Color changers allow for the production run interchangeability, further enhancing production line automation which results in solid colored, mass produced and mass consumed color homogeneity. It should be noted that the majority of prior art evaluated deals with color changers. As seen in prior art, color changers such as CA1226431, CA1203376 (U.S. Pat. No. 444,401), CA1245849 (U.S. Pat. No. 680,134) and CA1260355 (U.S. Pat. No. 680,351) and mixers for materials containing multiple components such as CA2110840 (U.S. Pat. No. 998,584), are constructed to fulfill their desired tasks.
Color changers as seen in prior art are utilized to change the colors of coatings, and in other prior art such as CA2038075 (U.S. Pat. No. 503,310), this change is integrated within self contained coatings applicators. Prior art as related to this field also points us to change means such as CA2342334 (JP 11/199551), CA2320323 (JP 10/360958), CA2248928 (PCT/US1997/004209) and US 20040190367, combined with automatic painting robots in industrial processes.
Research into this field leads us to prior art within another industry group that contains variable blending mechanisms, such as ‘Flavor-Injected Blending Apparatus, CA2265623 (U.S. Pat. No. 695,238), utilized in blending, where the varying blending methods create a range of acceptable flavour based compositions each with the same component concentration but varying characteristics.
Spray equipment is utilized to coat any object with the spray coating applicator located at a distance from the surface being coated which is determined by the width of the spray fan. The width of the spray fan can be as small as a paint droplet or as large as desired by the coating applicator operator, restricted primarily by spray coating applicator characteristics, coating technical and physical characteristics and environmental conditions.
Both printers and spray guns apply coatings and are thus coating applicators, but they have different operating characteristics. Printers and printing equipment apply coatings directly, or within relative proximity to surfaces, whereas spray equipment is not restricted by proximity and has the capability to project coating particles to coat surfaces of objects without disturbing texture specific aspects of the surface.
In prior art, both spellings of the word related to the subject matter, namely color and colour without the ‘u’, are used interchangeably.

DEFINITIONS

For the purpose of this application, terms for hardware, software and abstract models are as defined by Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, English version, at http://en.wikipedia.org

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention pertains to a color coatings blender apparatus to be used for color composition customization for the application of color coatings on 2D and 3D surfaces. It will make the coating process customizable by providing an extensive range of colors.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 Is a cross section of the main body (1) with primary ports (4), secondary ports (5), lugs (6) and grooves (9); the blender insert (2) with primary ports (7), secondary ports (8) and external splines (10); the gasket (16) the perforated bearing plate (17), the bushing (15), and the reducer coupling (18) at the central blender chamber outlet; the gasket (19), the non-perforated bearing plate (20), the bushing (15), and the reducer coupling (21) at the opposite end of the central blender chamber; and a side view of the blender spindle (3) complete with shaft (11), vanes (12), perforated end plates (13) and spline (14).

- Note 1: The four primary and four secondary ports are shown with their axial centre lines perpendicular to the axes of the main body and blender insert for the sake of clarity. It must be appreciated that the axial centre lines of each of the primary ports and each of the secondary ports of both the main body and the blender insert can be located anywhere within the spaces bounded by individual hemispheres the planes of which lie along the axes of the main body and blender insert and the axial centre lines are positioned such that the primary and secondary ports are aligned with the primary and secondary ports of the main body and that the primary and secondary port entrances (circular or elliptical) to the central blender chamber lie wholly within and at their respective ends of the central blender chamber of the blender insert.

FIG. 2 Is a side view (upper figure) and a top view (lower figure) of a blender insert (2) with an interior central blender chamber having a circular radial cross section, a conical axial cross-section and a smooth bore. The figures show the relative positions of the primary ports (7), secondary ports (8) and exterior splines (10).

- Note 1: The bore of the central blender chamber can be either smooth, grooved or customized depending upon what is called for by the coating properties.
- Note 2: Only four primary ports and four secondary ports are shown for the sake of clarity and it must be appreciated that additional primary and secondary ports can be added to both main body and central blender insert as called for by the coating properties.

FIG. 3 Is a side view of (from top to bottom) the perforated bearing plate (17); the gasket (16); the bushing (15); the blender spindle (3) (shown with circular radial cross section and cylindrical axial cross section and meant for insertion and use in a blender chamber with cylindrical bore) complete with perforated end plate (13), vanes (12), shaft (11), perforated end plate (13) and spline (14); the bushing (15); the gasket (19); and the non-perforated bearing plate (20). Also shown are end views of (at top left) the gasket (16); and (at top right) the perforated spindle end plates (13) and perforated bearing plate (17).

- Note 1: The perforated spindle end plate (13) and perforated bearing plate (17) have different outer diameters and similar perforations.
- Note 2: Blender spindle (3 a) has trapezoidal angled vanes, blender spindle (3 b) has rectangular angled vanes, and blender spindle (3 c) has triangular angled vanes.
- Note 3: Only four vanes are shown for the sake of clarity and it must be appreciated that the spindle can be adapted to have additional vanes as called for by the coating properties.
- Note 4. Refer to FIG. 5 for details of possible vane properties.

FIG. 4 Are side views of blender spindles (3) (shown with circular radial cross sections and conical axial cross sections and meant for insertion and use in blender chambers with different conical bores) complete with shaft (11), vanes (12), perforated end plates (13), and spline (14). Also shown is an end view of the perforated spindle end plates (13).

- Note 1: The perforated spindle end plates (13) have different outer diameters and similar perforations.
- Note 2: Blender spindle (3 d) has trapezoidal angled vanes and blender spindle (3 e) has triangular angled vanes.
- Note 3: Only four vanes are shown for the sake of clarity and it must be appreciated that the spindle can be adapted to have additional vanes as called for by the coating properties.
- Note 4. Refer to FIG. 5 for details of possible vane properties.

FIG. 5 Is a block diagram containing the various interchangeable elements of the blender apparatus. Reading from left to right, the first two columns below the block titled, “Central Blender Chamber (1)” list the possible Axial Cross Sections (2), cylindrical (14) and conical (15); and the possible Bores (3), smooth (16) and grooved (17); of the central blender chamber which can also be customized (36). The next seven columns below the block titled, “Blender Spindle (4)” list the possible Vane (5) properties; viz., Axial Profile (6), rectangular (18), trapezoidal (19) and triangular (20); Axial Orientation (7), straight (21), angled (22) and spiralled (23); Radial Cross Section (8), rectangular (24) and triangular (25); Radial Orientation (9), straight (26) and curved (27); Surface (10), smooth (28), perforated (29) and knurled (30); Interlaced (11), yes (31) and no (32); and Blender Spindle Motion (12), rotated (33) and agitated (34). Vane properties can also be customized (37). The column on the extreme right titled, “Possible Color Coatings Blender Apparatus Configurations (13)” lists a few of the possible configurations (35) of the apparatus, e.g., ACEHKMORT is interpreted to mean a Central Blender Chamber with cylindrical (A) axial cross section, and smooth (C) bore and a Blender Spindle with vanes having a rectangular (E) shape, a straight (H) axial orientation along the shaft of the blender spindle, a rectangular (K) radial cross section, a straight (M) radial orientation, a smooth (0) surface and interlaced (R); and operated with a rotary (T) Motion. The entire blender assembly can be optimized with the use of a programmable computer (38).
FIG. 6 Is a graphical representation of the major categories of parameters governing the configuration selection facing the operator. For example, the equipment to be used for spraying a 100 cm×160 cm canvas with latex while it hangs in a room heated to 20° C. and having 30% humidity would be different from the equipment to be used for decorating a 500 cm×800 cm exterior wall with block filler in fluctuating weather conditions.
FIG. 7 Is a flow diagram illustrating the steps describing the method utilizing a programmable computer controlled digital processes for blending coatings within a central blender chamber of the blender apparatus where coatings are introduced through a plurality of primary input ports via selectable external valves which are in turn connected to containers of coatings compositions and where the contents of the said chamber are monitored by devices attached to a plurality of secondary ports.
FIG. 8 Is a flow diagram illustrating the steps describing the process for converting color coated gradient related information where the said information is loaded into a programmable computer, for purposes of manipulation through information specific editors.
FIG. 9 Is a flow diagram illustrating the steps describing the process for producing color coated gradients where the control of the constituent parameters is effected by an operator, a programmable computer or a programmable computer with operator override.
FIG. 10 Is a graphical representation of gradient unity and plurality.
FIG. 11 Is a graphical representation of certain terms used in this submission and is meant to assist with an understanding of the gradient structure. As can be seen, the ‘dynamic’ portion is made up of discrete segments and is bounded by ‘static’ portions. This arrangement can repeat itself in cases of expansion and contraction.
FIG. 12 Is a graphical representation of the use of a syntax map. The example uses the four letters of the word “WORD” as color tags to manipulate the alphanumeric data contained in the alphanumeric string “NUMBER.”
FIGS. 13 Is an illustration of the need for configuring the spray coating applicator to avert failure when utilizing heavier coatings (in this case blue and yellow).
FIG. 14 Is an illustration of the effect of gravity and coating density during the process of creating surface gradients. In this case the first color blend (red) was covered with a second color blend (yellow and green). When the centre of the canvas was overlaid with the second color blend, a brush had to be used to overcome the effect of gravity on the excessive amount of coating, and this exposed the first color blend.
FIG. 15 and 16 Are illustrations of the importance of the need for properly preparing the surface to be coated by stretching fabric to avoid sagging (FIG. 15) and for applying a protective finish to avoid fading with time (FIG. 16).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

This invention is comprised of a color coatings blender apparatus, processes and methods for the application of color coatings on 2D and 3D surfaces.
The evolution of this invention commenced with the concept of a product which is intended to be of inestimable use. The said product being the visual display of alphanumeric information on any and all types of surfaces using color coatings. Existing methods employ color changers which deliver coatings having specific discrete colors. Air brush methods make use of discrete colors and shades are produced by overlaying coatings. Color printers and plotters deposit coatings on relatively small flat surfaces. Textiles and wall-papers are produced using silk-screen methods which deposit overlays of different color coatings. However, the product envisaged required a device which could produce and deliver, virtually instantaneously, colors of different hues and intensity to virtually any surface imaginable. This gave birth to the concept of devising an apparatus which would blend different color coatings as and when required.
A prototype of the apparatus was fabricated and tested. The tests made the inventors aware that the technical characteristics of the coatings used; the size and orientation of the inlet ports; the size, shape and grooving of the blender chamber bore; the shape and configuration of the spindle and the type of motion to which it was subjected; control of composition input; and the type and configuration of the coating applicator were interdependent. The problem could only be resolved by the use of a programmable computer.
As can be seen, the apparatus needed to perform efficiently under any and all circumstances had to be one which could be readily adapted to meet the specific requirements of the operator(s) of the process. It is for this reason that the hardware portion, viz., the apparatus, has been described in a manner which is meant to cover all requisite configurations. The governing parameters for a particular set of circumstance have to be fed to a programmable computer to determine the optimum configuration of the apparatus and all its appurtenances to meet the said circumstances.
The color coatings blender apparatus is for selectively blending various compositions for proximate delivery to a coating applicator and is comprised of a main body having a plurality of primary ports leading to a central blender chamber with an outlet. In addition there are: a) a plurality of secondary ports also leading to the central blender chamber; b) a plurality of lugs forming an integral part of the main body; c) a selection of interchangeable blender inserts; and d) a selection of interchangeable blender spindles.
The following is a description, with references to the accompanying FIGS. 1 to 4, of the color coatings blender apparatus which combines all of the above mentioned features.
The color coatings blender apparatus is comprised of a selection of main bodies (1), a selection of interchangeable blender inserts (2) and a selection of interchangeable blender spindles (3).
The main bodies (1) have central chambers with circular radial cross sections and conical axial cross sections (where the conic angle relative to the axis of the bore is selectable) for inserting a selection of interchangeable blender inserts (2) or for inserting a selection of spindles (3); a plurality of primary ports (4) for connecting to various selectable external valves for controlling the input of coating fluids and apparatus flushing solutions and a bleeder valve; a plurality of secondary ports (5) for connecting to various selectable external monitoring, safety and coating recovery devices and for the insertion of various selectable monitoring devices; and a plurality of lugs (6) for the attachment of selectable external mounting devices and mechanisms. The axial centre lines of each of the primary ports (4) and each of the secondary ports (5) of the main bodies (1) can be located anywhere within the spaces bounded by individual hemispheres the planes of which lie along the axes of the central chambers of the main bodies and the axial centre lines are positioned such that the primary and secondary port entrances (circular or elliptical) to the central chambers lie wholly within and at their respective ends of the central chambers.
The interchangeable blender inserts (2) are truncated cones and have exteriors with a circular radial cross section and conical axial cross section (where the conic angle relative to the axis of the bore is suited for insertion into the central chambers of the main bodies) and central blender chamber interiors having a circular radial cross section with either cylindrical or conical axial cross sections (where the conic angle relative to the axis of the bore is selectable); and bores which are smooth, grooved (where the grooves are straight (0°), angled (0+° to 360−°) or spiralled (360° to 360+°) relative to the axis of the bore). Furthermore, the bores can have a combination of straight and angled; straight and spiralled; angled and spiralled; and straight, angled and spiralled grooves. The open ends of the cones are formed to accommodate a gasket (16), a perforated bearing plate (17) and a reducer coupling (18) at the smaller opening (outlet) of the cone and a gasket (19), a bearing plate (20) and a reducer coupling (21) at the larger opening (access) of the cone. The blender inserts can also be customized. All interchangeable blender inserts have a plurality of primary ports (7) to allow for the input of coating fluids and apparatus flushing solutions and for bleeding the chamber; and a plurality of secondary ports (8) to allow for the proper functioning of various selectable external monitoring, safety and coating recovery devices. The axial centre lines of each of the primary ports (7) and each of the secondary ports (8) of the blender inserts (2) can be located anywhere within the spaces bounded by individual hemispheres the planes of which lie along the axes of the central blender chambers of the blender inserts and the axial centre lines are positioned such that the primary and secondary ports are aligned with the primary and secondary ports of the main bodies (1) and that the primary and secondary port entrances (circular or elliptical) to the central blender chambers lie wholly within and at their respective ends of the central blender chambers.
The main bodies (1) have central chambers with straight grooves (9) to allow for the insertion of the interchangeable blender inserts (2) with matching external axial cross sections and which have straight external splines (10) to insure alignment of the primary ports (4) and secondary ports (5) of the main body with the primary ports (7) and secondary ports (8) of the interchangeable central blender inserts respectively. Before insertion, the exteriors of the interchangeable blender inserts and the interior of the central chamber of the main body are lubricated where said lubricant acts as both lubricant and sealant. In the event spindles are inserted directly into the central chamber of the main bodies, the said central chambers convert to central blender chambers and can have bores which are smooth, grooved (where the grooves are straight (0°), angled (0+° to 360−°) or spiralled (360° to 360+°) relative to the axis of the bore). Furthermore, as is the case with the blender inserts, the bores can have a combination of straight and angled; straight and spiralled; angled and spiralled; and straight, angled and spiralled grooves.
The interchangeable blender spindles (3) are cohesive units comprised of a circular shaft (11), a plurality of vanes (12), end plates (13) and a spline (14). The blender spindles are adapted for insertion into the central chambers of main bodies (1) or into the central blender chambers of the interchangeable blender inserts (2) and can have overall (end plate (13) at outlet to end plate (13) at the opposite end) cylindrical or truncated conical (where the conic angle relative to the axis of the shaft is suited for insertion into the central blender chambers) shapes. The blender spindles are either rotated at optimized selectable speeds or agitated at optimized selectable rates by selectable external drive mechanisms.
The vanes (12) which form an integral part of the shaft (11) have a rectangular, trapezoidal or triangular axial profile; a straight (0°), angled (0+° to 360−°) or spiralled (360° to 360+°) axial orientation relative to the axis of the spindle; a rectangular or triangular radial cross section; a straight or curved radial orientation; a smooth, perforated or knurled surface; and are interlaced or non-interlaced. The vanes can also be customized. The end plates (13) which form an integral part of the shaft (11) and are meant for insertion and use in a blender chamber with a cylindrical bore, have identical diameters and are perforated and those which are meant for insertion and use in a blender chamber with a conical bore, have different diameters and are perforated. The spline (14) has a radial cross section suited for attachment to a selectable external drive mechanism.
The interchangeable blender spindles (3) are mounted in bushings (15) shaped to act as both bearings and seals and inserted in a perforated outlet bearing plate (17) at one end and a non-perforated bearing plate (20) at the opposite end. A gasket (16) is fitted between the end plate (13) of the shaft and is held in place by the perforated bearing plate (17) and reducer coupling (18) suited for attachment to a selectable external coating applicator. A gasket (19) is fitted between the end plate (13) of the shaft and is held in place by the non-perforated bearing plate (20) and reducer coupling (21) suited for attachment to a selectable external drive mechanism.
Alternative blender configurations (not shown in the drawings) include: central chambers of the main bodies; central blender chambers of the interchangeable blender inserts; and interchangeable blender spindles with solid and/or hollowed-out cylinders and truncated cones which could be rotated or agitated by external selectable drive mechanisms or would be driven by the force of the pressurized compositions. All of the aforementioned components of the blender apparatus would have grooves designed to facilitate spiralling flow-through blending. Such a design would be done with the aid of a programmable computer in order to optimize the blender configuration and would take into consideration the properties and technical characteristics of coatings and coatings containing additives and/or mediums.
A stripped down form of the apparatus is comprised of a main body having a plurality of primary ports leading to a central blender chamber with an outlet is described as follows with reference to part numbers only where applicable.
The main body (1) has a plurality of primary ports (4) for connecting to various selectable external valves for controlling the input of coating fluids and apparatus flushing solutions.
The central blender chamber has a circular radial cross section with either cylindrical or conical axial cross section (where the conic angle relative to the axis of the bore is selectable) and smooth bore.
The central blender chamber outlet is adaptable for attachment to a selectable external coating applicator.
For health reasons, it is essential for operators to make judicious use of standard protection gear, such as, dust masks, respirators, spray hoods and safety glasses, and upon completion of gradient project, to follow proper cleaning and waste disposal procedures. Clean environmental conditions should be maintained by the use of exhaust fans and drop cloths.
Digital and physical layers converge in a programmable computer where the signals are integrated and the resulting signals relayed to devices which control the coatings combinations for production of said gradients. The gradients produced are monitored by digital processes and resulting signals integrated in a programmable computer, to be combined with operator selected additional inputs and processes to produce a color coatings gradient layer which is stored as a digital and a physical gradient layer. To those unaware or unsure of gradient's complementary layer, a gradient (data, physical) may be generally referred to as a color coatings gradient. However when a gradient's markup status is known, it is specifically referred to as a color coatings gradient layer.
The production of color coatings gradient layers has many points of similarity to photography. As is the case with the latter, an image is captured (even visualized and manipulated in digital mode), it is then printed or developed. While photography can capture and display images generated by a large portion of the spectrum of electro-magnetic waves, gradient layers are the end product of the digital analysis of the said waves as well as the remainder of the spectrum and all else which can be captured can be the subject for digital analysis. The end results in both cases can be developed into physical images.
The versatility of the blender apparatus is embodied in its ability to be disconnectably connected to a wide range of coating applicators. Coating applicators such as spray guns, spray gun manifolds, plumbed-in automatic systems, texturing guns, air brushes, automatic brushes and automatic rollers have varying configurations and where applicable, contain different nozzle and needle/tip configurations. These spray applicators have to be specially configured by adjusting spray fan control and material flow control where applicable. These coating applicators may contain manual/automatic trigger assemblies or remote trigger controls. The interchangeability allows the apparatus to operate with spray coating equipment in both air, airless and air assisted modes and under various regulated pressures; where the coatings equipment may be conventional, HVLP or gravity fed. This aspect of interchangeability relies on the fact that all spray coating equipment have inlet ports to which the blender apparatus connects. Furthermore, the apparatus can be operated in any x-y-z orientation which makes for versatility and portability.
In addition to this interchangeability, the blender's configuration is such that it can be attached to or in devices such as coating injection moulds, coating assemblies, coating machines, coating robots, coating booths and rooms or coating platforms. Since spray coating applicators release coatings only upon receiving a specified input, the blender apparatus can be moved in any x-y-z direction prior to receiving another input signal. The design of the blender apparatus further allows for the inclusion of the said apparatus within self contained coating applicators. Through its modularity, the apparatus can be integrated with a coatings atomizer or attached directly to any device able to selectively or continuously disperse coatings as required by the application.
The apparatus includes a plurality of primary ports which converge upon a central blender chamber. Color coatings compositions, which may have different properties such as viscosity, feed into the central blender chamber through separate ports. The coatings are fed to and through the control valves which receive the coatings from hydraulically or pneumatically operated systems. Upon entering the said blender chamber wherein is nested a blender spindle with vanes, end plates and spline forming an integral part thereof, the compositions are blended by the action of rotation or agitation of the blender spindle where said action is performed by an auxiliary external drive mechanism as called for by the properties of coatings selected.
The plurality of possible configurations of the interchangeable blender inserts and the interchangeable blender spindles allows for the apparatus to accept and blend compositions comprised of fluids (e.g., liquids and gasses) and particulates (e.g., powders, crystals and granules), fluids of different viscosities and textures, fluids with additives, mediums and various combinations thereof; and to be adapted for use with both air, airless and air assisted spray coating application equipment. The desired end products of this invention and the methods used in the production thereof combined with operator experience and the utilization of programmable computer optimization specific digital processes, in unison determine the optimum configuration of the blender apparatus of this invention.
The central blender chamber is also accessed by a plurality of secondary ports for use by control and measurement devices to aid in the blending of coatings, for example, detecting the color composition of coatings passing through the said chamber; and for incorporating safety, coating recovery and recycling devices.
Primary or secondary ports leading to the central blender chamber may be used to bleed the apparatus depending on desired mode of operation. The auxiliary bleeder with its valve mechanism can be adapted to drain the chamber of its contents.
The interchangeable blender chamber inserts and blender spindles are designed to be removable and thus provide access to the interiors of the central chamber of the main body and blender chamber inserts respectively. This allows for ease of maintenance.
This invention incorporates multiple benefits and advantages which are unique in themselves. In particular the invention utilizes a blender spindle which allows for the uniform blending of coatings carried out in relative proximity to the coating dispersion means, thereby allowing for blending of color coatings immediately prior to application of the said coating which provides the operator of the said apparatus with the ability to create, virtually instantaneously, unique color gradients and tones. Color patterns such as color blends and color transitions are herein referred to as color gradients which obtain their unique composition based on the sequential combination of color coatings utilized for such processes. Its design and blending capabilities provide for the creation of highly customizable color blends immediately prior to utilization.
A practical example of the uniqueness as provided by the invention resides in the user's ability to utilize a selected number of color coatings for creating a gradual color transition across selected areas of a designated surface. Such a transition realizes the gradient concept, as seen in various computer aided graphic design software. For example, the user may require a color blend from red to green along the length of a specified surface. As such, the proportions of the stated colors entering the blender chamber are manually or automatically controlled by the use of auxiliary inlet valves connected to the primary ports. When combined with the rotation/agitation of the blender spindle which is driven by an auxiliary device, a variable color blend incorporating relative proportions of color coatings result in a color gradient.
The blender apparatus attached to a coating applicator serves as a delivery device for color coatings gradients. Furthermore, methods and processes interface the color coatings gradient with its data and surface layers, and vice versa.
A programmable computer can be used to determine the correct sequences which involve, amongst other functions, ejection of coatings from the blender, transit times of coatings through channels to a proximate applicator or to a remote device through a fluid line with or without line splitters.
The interchangeability, modularity and portability of the blender apparatus allows for multiple integrating combinations. As such, controlling the blender apparatus is harmonized with controlling the coating applicator and its mechanical means of motion, unless the coating applicator is removed from its assembly by the operator, when applicable. These control processes and methods are also linked to both external and internal parameter monitoring devices and appurtenances and communicate with automated control systems. These externally selectable monitoring devices and appurtenances, depending on their function may also send and receive signals in wireless mode. Sensors may also detect particular phenomenon by utilizing corresponding receptors. In addition, environmental monitoring equipment may include audio, video and motion or any other phenomenon as required for detecting specific conditions. Equipment such as a digitizer or a frame grabber can be utilized in conjunction with monitoring devices. These devices are also utilized for analog to digital conversion of color coatings physical gradients. It should be noted that some of these devices and data processing systems may be analog, and thus require analog to digital conversion. Further consolidation and collaboration is achieved through higher level digital processes which are interlinked with layer manipulation digital processes by sending, receiving and analysing signals.
Blender attachments may be selected by an operator or with automated control systems such as programmable computers which optimize components and their arrangements. The blender apparatus is versatile and to make it operational it requires multiple components: inlet valves, bleeder valves, external and internal parameter monitoring devices, containers, tubes and piping, spindle drive mechanism, coatings applicators and related motion devices; together with coating technical aspect enhancing devices such as atomizer nozzles. When producing gradients through automated processes which may include multiple coating applicators and related motion devices, an applicator enclosure may be required to protect internally located components which could include x-y-z coordinate or global positioning systems.
The production of color coatings gradient layers can utilize spray coating applicators, print coating applicators and injector coating applicators. Gradient layer production can be entirely automated where control rests with a programmable computer, else the operator can exercise override options to control gradient production processes. It should be noted that due to the complexity and the number of components to be controlled, especially when gradients are produced with a combination of coating applicators, higher level digital processes have a important gradient critical function. Optimization of blender components and operator driven sequences are meant to enhance variable color blending. The automated integration of blender, coating applicator and motion device permits operator overrides to a limited extent, the reason being, various components are required to produce a color coatings physical gradient. While the operator has options to override any and all digital processes, this may not be easily facilitated because of the complexity of the integration sequences. The higher level of integration is digital process driven even when the operator initiates partial functional override. Control of overrides rests with a master operator who predetermines decision nodes available to lower echelon operators.
Other coating applicators which work in conjunction with spray coating applicators, may be utilized with methods described to produce color coatings physical gradients. However the precision and control of coating compositions are such that the gradients produced may not accurately reflect the desired digital gradient unless the said coating applicators are calibrated and integrated with higher level digital processes.
When attached to a spray coating applicator, the blender apparatus of this invention serves as a delivery device for color coatings gradients.
Color coatings gradient layers are versatile visual value added vehicles where colors are comprised of marked-up elements and elements comprised of marked-up colors.
Information loaded exists in various forms and file types and as such, multiple computer software information specific external selectable editors are required. When working with data, the lack of graphic visualization limits the number and types of available editors to be used. When working with custom information, specific editors may be required.
Editing custom elements, is facilitated by the fact that external selectable layers can exist as systems and applications independent units. This editor versatility also means that the editors may operate entirely as digital processes which can be overridden and run by the operator when blender apparatus specific and coating applicator specific processes are selectively chosen. Color coatings gradient digital processes operating at a higher level integrate all hardware and software.
The process of manipulating information is to be done with commercially available input applications and devices where signals received by a programmable computer from the said input devices determine information manipulations. The operator may, at any time select a digital process available with an internal editor, either through GUI or command prompt. As such, the process of information manipulation is entirely automated. However, the operator can, at any time, override or selectively choose editor relevant digital processes.
Prior to layer verification, and depending on digital process or operator input, information can be compared against a secondary layer and then saved for further manipulation. Layer manipulation can be automatically controlled by a programmable computer and it's pre-selected digital sequences.
Starting with information manipulation using digital processes, the color coatings gradient methods are unique since they enable for the creation of visually integrated surfaces. Layers may present information in columns, rows or in any x-y-z orientation. They may also contain information in their fractal state allowing the operator to reduce or enlarge any chosen information field.
Color coatings gradients may exist simply as visual products, where color coatings surface gradients are placed on surfaces or color coatings digital gradients are visually projected onto surfaces. As such, color coatings gradients exist on a “visual value added” level exclusively to those ritualized in the specific gradient elements, selected color space ranges and relevant color markup definitions as contained in the gradient syntax map.
Digital layers are extremely versatile and their interactivity and functionality is limited only by operator selected editor means and related digital processes. Layers, based on their complexity, may be saved as one or more file types which may be in either specific proprietary software or open source format, as decided by the operator or required by information complexity.
Gradient characteristics can be defined as static or dynamic portions based on their duration or frequency, as illustrated in FIG. 11.
The invention of the blender apparatus provides distinct methods which facilitate the design and creation of color coating gradients, thus realizing products which have multiple visual uses.
In order to perform analysis as part of the gradient layer production process, a monitoring layer is derived from the environment and digitized. In physical environments, this “slice of reality” digitized layer is a layer where changes and interactions detected by digitization means can themselves form a new digital layer. Such a digitized monitoring layer and any additional layer become products monitoring environmental conditions. When a color coatings gradient is being integrated with any external layer, the results and the immediate environment can be monitored as delta layer(s) and stored as an expanded color coatings gradient(s). In such a case an approach to a layer is, in itself, a delta layer.
A delta layer is mapped as a digital layer and reproduced as a surface layer. A disturbing force having mass and in close proximity to a coating apparatus, notwithstanding “real life” layer dynamics, position of digitizing equipment and the environmental conditions in which the monitoring and delta layers are positioned, causing the interaction and thereby creating a new delta layer, can itself be coated. A disturbing force lacking mass but nevertheless causing the interaction and thereby creating a new delta layer, is digitized.
When the monitoring layer is processing entirely digital environments, any layer interaction with the said monitoring layer can be recorded as another digital layer. The finished product is a color coatings data gradient layer.
An integrated step in the blender digital process communicates to the blender apparatus through a digital signal initiating color coatings gradient step sequence. When data or a layer are loaded into a programmable computer, it may be loaded as a real time layer or as real time data. The gradient process may utilize and manipulate: just data; data into layer; just layer or a combination of layer data manipulations.
A color coatings gradient layer in digital mode can exist as a systems software or an application software independent layer. Customization, manipulation and analysis of such a layer is always performed on a programmable computer which operates a specific platform software utilizing operator selected application software which for the purpose of color coatings gradient digital processes are utilized as external editors. The operator can also select user-written software tailored to specific systems software or applications software such as, scripts, filters, applets and objects. The verification process which follows loading of gradient information can also convert or translate gradients, while simultaneously ensuring their data and layer validity. Following additional processing, the integrity of the sequences, patterns and spatial features of layers can be verified. As such, language or programme specific instructions from one platform are unlike those of another platform or application; a fact which greatly increases the diversity of information manipulation and visualization options available to the operator.
The color coatings gradient layer method introduced with this invention utilizes the SGML standard of structural and presentational markup codes also known as tags, which is a widely accepted format for marking up data, for providing enriched ways of comparing and presenting information embedded in the color coatings gradient layer.
A syntax map defines the duration and frequency, of the static and dynamic discrete gradients. The map also defines structural and presentational markup instructions and elemental markup properties. The choice or selection from the virtually infinite range of color space values which can be assigned to instructions or elements, ensures that the information displayed is totally secure in that only those persons with access to the syntax map can decipher and interpret its meaning.
One key aspect related to an operator's preferred method for the delivery of a desired surface gradient is in terms of blender apparatus configuration and is linked to designing an optimal blender apparatus configuration. As such, a programmable computer digital process can be utilized to design either a custom central blender chamber bore or a custom blender spindle vane assembly or both.
The design of a custom central blender chamber bore, such as a flow through central blender chamber in which a particular coating flow is split into multiple channels and progressively blended with other coating streams, is the result of a programmable computer optimization process as determined by the coating technical characteristics.
The process of a custom blender configuration designed for specific gradients using a programmable computer, may include utilizing digital processes to optimize blender configuration for coating specific or coating applicator specific applications. This optimization matches components to coatings, maximizing the blend function.
Gradient delta layers may be recorded and utilized in designing optimized blender component assembly sequences. This would involve determining the position of, and setting up equipment for, monitoring blender assembly and attachment sequences, passing received signals to a programmable computer and then utilizing the data received to optimize processes being monitored. The same delta monitoring used to optimize blender apparatus related sequences can be also utilized to produce color coatings gradient layers. Additional delta layers and related gradient layers can be assembled by monitoring coating applicator configurations, blender apparatus positions, operator and coating applicator independent or joint movements, environment specific parameters, adjustments required to calibrate coating applicators as well as project specific interactions.
Conventional input devices such as keyboard, mouse or joystick may be utilized. However any interactive interactions may utilize intelligent devices detecting physical responses such as a body suit or an iris response system. This level of interactivity implies that an operator can be involved in a color coatings gradient layer process locally or remotely. The higher level digital processes are designed with signal tags so that they may receive signals from, and integrate, additional external peripheral devices. Inter connectivity between layers through hyperactivity can be facilitated through GUI and user selected input devices creating alternative levels of interactivity. A layer can be inputted by an external layer processor utilized for fun such as a video game further increasing operator interactivity. Because colors have different appearances under differing lighting conditions and computer hardware and software characteristics, a procedure for color calibration across all internal and external components involved in the gradient layering process should be followed. Depending on operator ability to utilize the chosen input device and the environment in which the device is being utilized, higher levels of interactivity can be achieved.
Color coatings gradient layers are novel and unique products of this invention, since they exist in three distinct yet interlinked forms. A color coatings gradient layer is a combination of color coatings digital gradients and color coatings physical gradients. As a color coatings gradient layer, the product is an integrated marked-up gradient where the integration exists between the physical and the digital layers. A color coatings data gradient is a digital layer. A color coatings surface gradient is a physical layer. Color coatings gradient layers may cross or be a combination of other layers in any direction or data relation.
A color coatings physical layer can be transferred on to a non-stick surface such that its inverse is to be imprinted upon another surface or rolled as a film. Caution should be exercised by an operator when depositing coatings manually on surfaces because excessive amounts deposited in any one location will be subjected to the law of gravity and flow, which would result in distortion of the gradient. When the process is totally automated, this is avoided by optimization. However, some operators may choose to utilize the digital gradient design process followed by free-style artistic expression to create a color coatings gradient.
The invention pertains to the field which encompasses the application of coatings having virtually instantaneously selectable color gradient compositions onto designated textured or smooth surfaces which are flat, curved, undulating or the interiors or exteriors of 3-D objects and spaces. The coating project may require the application of coatings on to already existing fixed or mobile surfaces in which case surface preparation prior to coating application is of paramount importance. Other projects could include the coating of a variety of fabrics and canvases with differing properties such as thread counts, conductivity, reflectivity and porosity; and fabrics and canvases containing digital threads. Incorporating digital threads into a color coatings gradient layer is done by integrating the thread information parameters as a layer. Additional synthetic materials which absorb coatings may also be utilized, else synthetic materials can be primed and prepared to absorb coatings where their final state can in themselves become digital layers. To ensure durability, color coatings physical layers should be clear-coated with a protective coating layer. A previously permanent (clear coated) gradient layer, which, due to organizational change, passage of time or owner intent has become irrelevant, may given the right coatings, be re-coated using either blender apparatus related or operator chosen techniques. When coating services are related to specific industries, those surfaces may actually be durable or non-durable products, objects or life forms.
The delta layer recording of an operator preforming a color coatings gradient sequence can be utilized as an image, static or dynamic, for blender apparatus and related processes marketing purposes.
This invention and its related digital processes are designed to achieve precision (in terms of results) when combining two or more coating materials in viscous forms. Additives which change the chemical properties of coatings such as retarders, flow enhancers or thickeners can be added as a part of the blending process to change coating properties. Mediums which change the working characteristics and properties of coatings can be blended or placed onto physical surfaces as required by the operator. Protective coatings such as varnishes or preservatives, can be utilized to ensure permanency, since some coatings fade if not protected.
The apparatus and related methods may be used for the applications in artistic, culinary, architectural, interior design, industrial design, body care, fashion and information processing. The apparatus and related methods can be utilized for providing “visual value added” services, goods manufacturing, fabricating and fine finishing.
Personal artistic expression depends greatly on manner of fulfilment. When operating in overlay (free-style) mode the artist operator decides on color coatings physical gradient completion. In such a case the artist has the option of placing a gradient overlay, or an overlay style selected from relevant image(s).
The novelty and uniqueness of this invention are further highlighted by the current limitations placed upon the field of this invention by existing dictionary definitions of a gradient. Current definitions are segmented and not fully integrated as intended in the context of this invention. The first segment for example is in the field of mathematics where a gradient is defined in dictionaries as a range of gradual numerical change, and another definition as the rate of sloping ascent or descent, where the latter is the predominant definition.
The second segment is in the field of computer graphic design, and does not yet appear in mainstream dictionaries. In graphic design lingo and especially in graphic design user guides, gradation is defined as color range. Conventional graphic design programs such as the commercially available Photoshop and the GNU Gimp all utilize gradients. Graphic designers incorporate existing gradients by integrating them into fills, layers, masks or filters and have the option in advanced mode to design their own custom graphic gradients. However, these are a few of the commercially available computer software digital process whose designs are re-produced by using printers and therefore lack the dynamism of the color coatings gradient form, whereas this invention introduces dynamism which creates visual value added.
The above segments do have an implied common theme in that a gradient is a mathematical range and in that colors are numbers forming gradients from a predefined color space, such as the one created by the International Commission on Illumination.
It is the invention of the color coatings blender apparatus which will allow marked-up color coatings to be applied to 3D surfaces. Since this invention is novel and unique, not only does it introduce a new apparatus and related digital methods and processes, it also results in creative end products and achieves an explicit common theme between the two separated segments of the lexicon.
The processes and methods involved in mixing various selectable components are different from those related to blending. Dictionaries define blend and mix as being synonymous, however when one looks deeper into the definition of the two words we can see that blending incorporates different tints and small or imperceptible gradations as in shading; and mixing relates to combining components in a general manner.
Exemplary Mode of Use
For example, configuring the apparatus for a specific end product and the method used to achieve the required result is as follows.
An mathematician/business analyst/artist wanting to experiment with a new art production technique. At the blender's establishment, he enters a ventilated coating room and sees a graphical interface screen and multiple coaters mounted on to what appears to be an automated frameworks facing a stretched canvas surfaces. A sign on the wall makes him aware that he can detach a spray coatings applicator and select the option contained within the graphical interface to operate the applicator in free style mode. As an inquisitive person he wonders as to the complexity and inter workings of this machine. He decides that he wants to coat a 60 cm×100 cm canvas with acrylic paint. He then selects the CMYK base color compositions to create multi-color gradients in an attempt to harmonize with the interior colors from his living room. The experiment commences. When satisfied with his creation, he leaves the canvas to dry before applying a clear protective coat.
He spends several days evaluating his canvas and appraising its aesthetic value. He finally reached a decision to embrace the color coatings gradient layer technology to its fullest extent and pondered over the methods he would use. Being somewhat familiar with computers, he decides to experiment further by manipulating layers with editors which are computer software digital processes.
Since the mathematician does not want to loose his initial canvas, he photographs it using a digital camera and downloads the image into a computer. The mathematician had previously obtained training on mathematical software MapleSoft and Mathematica, business intelligence software Cognos, enterprise management software SAP and database software Oracle. The mathematician is aware that he can utilize these softwares as external editors to manipulate data/information for layering in order to utilize them with color coatings gradient processes. He however chooses to separate his work and personal life and decides to utilize his favorite graphic authoring software Flash, and video game Sony PlayStation Final Fantasy to create layers and incorporate them into his gradient layer. He brings in his favorite Flash cartoon, stills taken of his top score in Final Fantasy as well as his childhood photos of himself playing a flute, all to be digitized and inputted as layers.
Upon arrival at the blender's establishment, he discovers that the color coatings blender is being utilized by another person so he decides to occupy his time playing Final Fantasy. Not having his memory card with him, he starts from scratch and records his actions while playing the game with the intention of utilizing the game actions as sequences to be edited.
The mathematician flattens his dynamic layers based on color and structural characteristics as chosen through color coatings blender computer software processes GUI, and then links the cartoon, the video game and the picture layers by color depth characteristics in order to create an integrated color coatings gradient in horizontal quarter sections for each of the gradient layers.
The following week, the mathematician has a party to celebrate the coincidental occurrence of the Harvest Moon rising on the eve of the Autumnal Equinox. At the party, his friends see the canvas produced and enquire as to its meaning. Upon receiving an explanation of the processes involved a few of them leave the party, go to an adjoining room and, using their host's computer, visit the blender's website.
It so happens that one of the mathematician's friends is a writer who always carries his book with him on a CD. He uploads its contents to the blender's server and remotely transfers his book into a digital gradient layer by using a standard syntax map. While the book is uploading the mathematician decides to create a special gradient celebrating “the Equinox party.” He simultaneously uploads additional data from his web cam and his interactive living environment system into the blender's servers. The mathematician chooses to set gradient layers for each of his guests, and base them on the amount of drinks each of them has consumed. Since the mathematician is aware of privacy information policies, he decides to de-personalize the gradient layers by transmitting them without pictures and names, rather by colors of the individual party goers' clothes. After seeing a sample of the unified gradient form of his “party gradient,” the mathematician decides that the gradient should be saved on the blender's equipment and that he should oversee its production at a later date.
Another one of mathematician's friends, an earth scientist, decides to “dial into” his environmental monitoring lab to transfer his data as ratios, and readings from his monitoring equipment. Due to the size of the data streams, the scientist is unable to do this and he receives messages advising him against using a third party terminal to send data to the blender's server. The scientist is also advised that due to the structure of the data from his monitoring equipment he may have to filter it through computer software digital processes at his location, where the said computer software editor is able to convert his data into layer form data. The scientist decides to abandon the process and returns to the party.
The mathematician also goes back to entertaining his guests and that gives an opportunity to another one of his friends, a CEO of a diversified astronomic and astrologic information corporation, to finally sit down in front of the computer and write down the address of the blender's website. Upon doing this he goes back to the party.
The next day the CEO, revisits the website and reads about all the necessary data requirements to create integrated gradients. He decides to call up his mathematician friend and arranges to meet him at the blender's establishment.
On the day of the meeting, the CEO receives a message that the mathematician will be late, and thus he has time to begin forming and manipulating his own gradient layers. He decides to integrate his organization's astronomic and astrologic data with his company's symbols. These symbols are the company's logo and a statue of the Caduceus which adorns the lobby of his office building. He then chooses the star Spica and its celestial position in the heavens as his reference point for the beginning of the gradient syntax map color space values definition. Knowing that by using color coating gradient processes the coatings can be applied to 2D and 3D surfaces, he considers the idea of manipulating the organization's symbols and wonders whether he can output the gradient to coat the Caduceus statue. Aware that the statue with its base could not be readily transported to the blender's establishment, he enquires whether the blender apparatus could be taken to his company's offices and thus enable him to coat the statue. He is assured that the apparatus can indeed be used at his offices to coat the statue and any other movable or immovable object he wishes to.
Prior to manipulating his data, the CEO is distracted by the blender's marketing video which incorporated the visualization of the blending process in its logo. Seeing which, he realizes he can also utilize gradient layers to determine his organization's production function and thus allow him to see how his organization fits into its business and social communities and how it interacts with the natural environment. Being environmentally conscious, he is interested in visualizing his environmental and societal scorecards with the gradient approach. He also discovers that he can utilize the gradient layer concept and its interactivity to simulate his firms's position in the marketplace vis-a-vis other firms and perform this simulation to cover the next five years. He makes notes to himself to start compiling the necessary data and information for these gradient layers.
While the CEO watches the promotional video the mathematician arrives and not wanting to interrupt the CEO before the end of the video, he commences the evaluation of his “Equinox party gradient” prior to its fully automated production using multiple coating applicators.

Claims

1. A colour coatings blender apparatus for selectively blending various compositions for proximate delivery to a coatings applicator, said colour coatings blender apparatus comprising a main body with a central chamber whose bore has an optimized geometric configuration; a plurality of primary ports whose axial centre lines are located within the spaces bounded by individual hemispheres the planes of which lie along the axis of the main body and the axial centre lines are positioned such that the entrances to the said central chamber of the said main body lie wholly within and at their designated end of the central chamber and lead to the central chamber; and a blender spindle.

2. A colour coatings blender apparatus as in claim 1, where said central chamber has an outlet located at one end of the chamber configured for attachment of a selectable external coatings applicator and where said central blender chamber has an access port located at the end of the chamber opposite to the outlet configured for attachment of a selectable external blender spindle drive mechanism.

3. A colour coatings blender apparatus as in claim 1, where said spindle is suited for attachment of a selectable external blender spindle drive mechanism for rotating said blender spindle.

4. A colour coatings blender apparatus as in claim 1, where said spindle is suited for attachment of a selectable external blender spindle drive mechanism for agitating said blender spindle.

5. A colour coatings blender apparatus as in claim 1, where said main body has a plurality of secondary ports whose axial centre lines are located within the spaces bounded by individual hemispheres the planes of which lie along the axis of the said main body and the axial centre lines are positioned such that the entrances to the said central chamber of the said main body lie wholly within and at their designated end of the said central chamber and lead to the central chamber.

6. A colour coatings blender apparatus as in claim 1, where said main body has a central chamber which is configured to accept inserts having bores of selectable geometry, primary input ports aligned with those of the main body and central chambers having outlets located at one end configured for attachment of a selectable external coating applicator and an access port located at the end of the chamber opposite to the outlet configured for attachment of a selectable external blender spindle drive mechanism.

7. A colour coatings blender apparatus as in claim 1, where said main body has a plurality of secondary ports whose axial centre lines are located within the spaces bounded by individual hemispheres the planes of which lie along the axis of the said main body and the axial centre lines are positioned such that the entrances to the said central chamber of the said main body lie wholly within and at their designated end of the said central chamber and lead to the central chamber and has a central chamber which is configured to accept inserts having bores of optimized geometric configurations, primary input and secondary ports aligned with those of the main body and central chambers having outlets located at one end configured for attachment of a selectable external coating applicator and an access port located at the end of the chamber opposite to the outlet configured for attachment of a selectable external blender spindle drive mechanism.

8. A colour coatings blender apparatus as in claim 1, where said main body's central blender chamber bore and said blender spindle are customized to facilitate spiralling flow-through blending with the blender spindle being driven by a selectable external drive mechanism.

9. A colour coatings blender apparatus as in claim 1, where said main body's central blender chamber bore and said blender spindle are customized to facilitate spiralling flow-through blending with the blender spindle being driven by the force of the pressurized composition.

10. A colour coatings blender apparatus as in claim 1, where said main body's central blender chamber bore is customized to facilitate spiralling flow-through blending without the use of a blender spindle.

11. A colour coatings blender apparatus as in claim 1, where said main body has a plurality of lugs which are an integral part of the apparatus.

12. A process for selecting colour coatings blender apparatus configurations as determined by the types of coatings to be used, attachments and appurtenances, said process comprising the steps: a) determination of the spray coating applicator's technical aspects; b) determination of environmental conditions; c) determination of coating composition types and coating specific characteristics; d) determination of surface to be coated; e) optimization of the central chamber geometric configuration; f) determination of the requisite number of primary ports; g) determination of the requisite number of secondary ports; h) determination of the spindle configuration; i) determination of the characteristics of the coating compositions; and j) determination of mode of operation.

13. A method according to claim 12, comprises steps: a) selecting the main body of the apparatus; b) selecting the central blender chamber insert; c) selecting the blender spindle; d) selecting the motion of the blender spindle; e) selecting external control devices; f) selecting internal parameter monitoring devices; g) selecting external parameter monitoring devices; h) selecting spindle drive mechanism; i) selecting coatings applicator motion control mechanism; and j) selecting coatings applicator.

14. A process for blending coatings within a central blender chamber of the blender apparatus; said process comprising the steps: a) receiving control gradient layer signal; b) introducing a coatings composition into the blender chamber; c) checking and making any necessary adjustments to the contents of the blender chamber; d) checking and adjusting the contents as determined by a set of external parameters; e) checking and adjusting the contents as determined by a set of internal parameters; f) activating the apparatus spindle drive mechanism; g) checking the colour of and making any necessary adjustments to the contents; and h) passing the contents to an external coating applicator.

15. A method according to claim 14; where said step a) consists of downloading said gradient from a selectable source; where said step b) consists of signalling the opening of selectable external valves when operated in programmable computer control mode; where said step c) consists of determining by using an appropriate selectable external monitoring device connected to a secondary port of the apparatus: (i) whether the chamber is empty and if yes, sending a signal to the programmable computer to introduce coatings compositions; (ii) that the contents are incorrect but reusable then carrying out the following steps: (a) bleed contents into an external container for reuse, (b) flush (clean) the blender chamber, and (c) send signal to the programmable computer to introduce coatings compositions; (iii) that the contents are incorrect but unusable then carrying out the following steps: (a) bleed contents into waste container, (b) flush (clean) the blender chamber, and (c) send signal to the programmable computer to introduce coatings compositions; (iv) that the contents are incorrect but adjustable and then sending a signal to the programmable computer to introduce compensating coatings compositions; and (v) that the contents are acceptable and then sending acceptance signal to the programmable computer; where said step d) consists of checking by using an appropriate selectable external monitoring device, and sending a signal to the programmable computer: (i) the surface colour; (ii) the surface texture; (iii) the x-y-z orientation of coatings apparatus; (iv) the delta layer; (v) the operator layer; (vi) the spray coating applicator type and configuration; and (vii) the environmental condition layer; where said step e) consists of checking by using an appropriate selectable external monitoring device connected to a secondary port of the apparatus, and sending a signal to the programmable computer: (i) the pressure; (ii) the viscosity; (iii) the pH value; (iv) the salinity; and (v) a coating specific parameter; where said step f) consists of the programmable computer sending an integrated signal to activate the selectable external spindle drive mechanism which is attached to the apparatus; where said step g) consists of determining by using an selectable external colour monitoring device connected to a secondary port of the apparatus: (i) that the colour is incorrect and unusable then the following steps are carried out: (a) bleed contents into waste container, (b) flush (clean) the blender chamber, and (c) send signal to the programmable computer to introduce coatings compositions; (ii) that colour incorrect but reusable then the following steps are carried out: (a) bleed contents into an external container for reuse, (b) flush (clean) the blender chamber, (and c) send signal to the programmable computer to introduce coatings compositions; (iii) that colour is acceptable but requires adjusting and sending a signal to the programmable computer to introduce compensating coatings compositions; and (iv) that colour is acceptable and sending a signal to the programmable computer; where said step h) consists of programmable computer sending a signal to the coatings applicator to release coating.

16. A method according to claim 14, where any and all of said steps a) to h) can be overridden by an operator to function in manual mode.

17. A method according to claim 14, where any and all of said steps a) to h) are optimized by a programmable computer.

18. A method according to claim 14, where said step h) consists of programmable computer sending a modified signal to another colour coating gradient digital process which incorporates a separate coatings applicator.