US20060157110A1 - Vacuum breaker for hose connection - Google Patents
Vacuum breaker for hose connection Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20060157110A1 US20060157110A1 US11/035,470 US3547005A US2006157110A1 US 20060157110 A1 US20060157110 A1 US 20060157110A1 US 3547005 A US3547005 A US 3547005A US 2006157110 A1 US2006157110 A1 US 2006157110A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- connecting element
- water
- hose
- vacuum breaker
- pressure pad
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03C—DOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
- E03C1/00—Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water; Sinks
- E03C1/02—Plumbing installations for fresh water
- E03C1/10—Devices for preventing contamination of drinking-water pipes, e.g. means for aerating self-closing flushing valves
- E03C1/108—Devices for preventing contamination of drinking-water pipes, e.g. means for aerating self-closing flushing valves having an aerating valve
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/3149—Back flow prevention by vacuum breaking [e.g., anti-siphon devices]
- Y10T137/3185—Air vent in liquid flow line
- Y10T137/3294—Valved
- Y10T137/3331—With co-acting valve in liquid flow path
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vacuum breaker for hose connection, and more particularly to a vacuum breaker for hose connection that uses a convex-topped pressure pad to elastically seal or open a plurality of air holes on the valve, so that residual water in the water tube discharge of water through the air ports and provide protection of the potable water supply against contaminants. That enter the system through back pressure equal to 29.9 kpa(4.33 p.s.i) and back siphonage through the hose threaded outlets.
- the vacuum breaker for water tube 1 ′ includes an upper and a lower connecting element 11 , 12 , which are coupled to one another and all in the form of a cylindrical member.
- the upper connecting element 11 is provided at one side with a tightening device 111
- the lower connecting element 12 internally defines a radially inward extended stepped surface 121 , on which a plurality of air holes 122 are spaced.
- FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of a conventional vacuum breaker for water tube 1 ′, which includes an upper connecting element 11 for connecting to a hose bibb 2 (also refer to FIG. 9 ), and a lower connecting element 12 coupled to a lower end of the upper connecting element 11 for a water tube 3 (also refer to FIG. 9 ) to connect thereto.
- the upper connecting element 11 is provided at one side with a tightening device 111 to ensure firm and tight association of the upper connecting element 11 with the hose bibb 2 , and internally includes a transverse partition 112 having a water outlet 113 .
- An annular waterproof gasket 114 is supported on the transverse partition 112 to tightly contact with an end surface of a spout of the hose bibb 2 .
- the lower connecting element 12 includes a plurality of air holes 122 spaced along an internal stepped surface 121 to communicate an inner space of the vacuum breaker 1 ′ with external environment.
- a pressure pad 123 having a central hole 124 is rested on the stepped surface 121 , a spring 125 is disposed in the lower connecting element 12 below the pressure pad 123 , and a lifting member 126 is inserted in the spring 125 .
- the lifting member 126 When the hose bibb 2 is turned on to supply water, the lifting member 126 is subjected to a force of the supplied water and moves downward to thereby compress the spring 125 . At this point, the pressure pad 123 , which is also subjected to the downward force of the supplied water, is not upward pushed by the lifting member 126 and thereby naturally seals the air holes 122 to prevent the supplied water from flowing therethrough, as shown in FIG. 4 . On the other hand, when the hose bibb 2 is turned off, the lifting member 126 is no longer subjected to any downward force of water and releases the compressed spring 125 .
- a restoring force of the spring 125 elastically pushes the lifting member 126 upward against the pressure pad 123 , which is not subjected to any downward force of water now, causing the pressure pad 123 to slightly curve upward, as shown in FIG. 5 , and thereby opens the air holes 122 to admit external air to the water tube 3 .
- the spring 125 in the conventional vacuum breaker for water tube is subject to rust corrosion or elastic fatigue after being used over a long time.
- a rusted corrosion or elastically fatigue spring 125 would very possibly prevent the lifting member from smoothly moving upward or downward to fully open or seal the air holes 122 .
- the problem of blocked water tube due to water retained and frozen therein would occur again or contaminated water is transmitted back into the water system.
- a primary object of the present invention is to provide a vacuum breaker for water tube that uses a convex-topped pressure pad to elastically seal or open a plurality of air holes on the valve, so that residual water in the water tube discharge of water through the air ports, and the structure of the valve is simplified to reduce the manufacturing cost thereof.
- the vacuum breaker for hose connection includes an upper connecting element for connecting to a hose bibb, a lower connecting element coupled to a lower end of the upper connecting element for a water tube to connect thereto, and a pressure pad.
- the upper connecting element is internally provided with a waterproof gasket supported on a transverse partition to tightly contact with an end surface of the hose bibb.
- the lower connecting element has an internal stepped surface, on which a plurality of air holes are spaced to communicate an inner space of the vacuum breaker with external environment.
- the pressure pad has an upward convex top with a central hole and is rested on the stepped surface of the lower connecting element.
- the pressure pad is elastically deformed and flattened under a water force impacted thereon to thereby seal the air holes on the stepped surface, and automatically elastically restores to the convex top to open the air holes when the hose bibb is turned off, so that any water remained in the water tube could be vacuum drained.
- FIG. 1 is a top perspective view of a general vacuum breaker for hose connection
- FIG. 2 is a bottom perspective view of the general vacuum breaker for hose connection of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view showing an internal structure of a conventional vacuum breaker for hose connection
- FIG. 4 is an assembled and sectioned side view of the conventional vacuum breaker for hose connection of FIG. 3 in a state of sealing air holes thereof;
- FIG. 5 is an assembled and sectioned side view of the conventional vacuum breaker for hose connection of FIG. 3 in a state of opening air holes thereof;
- FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view showing an internal structure of a vacuum breaker for hose connection according to the present invention
- FIG. 7 is an assembled and sectioned side view of the vacuum breaker for hose connection of the present invention in a state of sealing air holes thereof;
- FIG. 8 is an assembled and sectioned side view of the vacuum breaker for hose connection of the present invention in a state of opening air holes thereof;
- FIG. 9 shows an example of use of the vacuum breaker for hose connection of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of a vacuum breaker for hose connection 1 according to the present invention.
- the vacuum breaker for hose connection 1 includes an upper connecting element 11 for connecting to a hose bibb 2 (see FIG. 9 ), and a lower connecting element 12 coupled to a lower end of the upper connecting element 11 for a water tube 3 to connect thereto, as shown in FIG. 9 .
- the upper connecting element 11 is provided at one side with a tightening device 111 for ensuring a firm and tight association of the upper connecting element 11 with the hose bibb 2 , and internally includes a transverse partition 112 provided with a water outlet 113 .
- An annular waterproof gasket 114 is supported on the partition 112 for tightly contacting with an end surface of a spout of the hose bibb 2 .
- the lower connecting element 12 internally defines an annular and radially inward extended stepped surface 121 , on which a plurality of air holes 122 are spaced to communicate an inner space of the vacuum breaker for water tube 1 with an external environment.
- a pressure pad 4 having a central hole 41 provided at an upward convex top thereof is rested on the stepped surface 121 to elastically deform and become flattened in response to water flown against it and thereby seals the air holes 122 on the stepped surface 121 .
- the pressure pad 4 is no longer subjected to any downward force from the water and automatically elastically restores to its original convex shape and thereby opens the air holes 122 to admit external air to the water tube 3 , as shown in FIG. 8 .
- This allows the water tube 3 to have internal pressure equal or less than the atmosphere pressure and thereby drain off as much as possible any residual water therefrom. In case of any amount of water remained in the water tube 3 , it shall be so small that no water barrier would be formed to block the water tube 3 even in a frozen state.
- the vacuum breaker for hose connection 1 of the present invention is different from the conventional ones in that it includes a convex-topped and elastically deformable pressure pad 4 to replace the conventional lifting member and spring to achieve the same good effect of avoiding contaminated water is transmitted back into the water supply system and a frozen water tube while solving the problem of having a rusted corrosion and/or elastically fatigue spring and accordingly an immovable lifting member in the vacuum breaker.
- the vacuum breaker for hose connection of the present invention also has effectively simplified internal structure to largely reduce the manufacturing cost thereof.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Self-Closing Valves And Venting Or Aerating Valves (AREA)
Abstract
A vacuum breaker for hose connection includes an upper and a lower connecting element for connecting to a hose bibb and a hose connection, respectively, and a pressure pad. The upper connecting element internally has a waterproof gasket supported on a transverse partition to tightly contact with an end surface of the hose bibb. The lower connecting element has an internal stepped surface with a plurality of spaced air holes for communicating an inner space of the vacuum breaker with external environment. The pressure pad has a convex top with a central hole and is rested on the stepped surface. The pressure pad is deformed by water impacted to seal the air holes on the stepped surface, and restores to the convex top to open the air holes when the hose bibb is turned off, so that water remained in the water tube can be vacuum drained.
Description
- The present invention relates to a vacuum breaker for hose connection, and more particularly to a vacuum breaker for hose connection that uses a convex-topped pressure pad to elastically seal or open a plurality of air holes on the valve, so that residual water in the water tube discharge of water through the air ports and provide protection of the potable water supply against contaminants. That enter the system through back pressure equal to 29.9 kpa(4.33 p.s.i) and back siphonage through the hose threaded outlets.
- People living in cold and snowy places often have the problem of frozen water supply. When a hose bibb and hydrant, faucet are turned off, a water tube, particularly one that supplies water for use outdoors, would have internal pressure smaller than atmosphere pressure, preventing residual water in the water tube from being fully drained off and contaminated water is not transmitted back into the potable water supply system when back pressure is encountered. The retained water forms separated water barriers in the water tube to prevent external air from entering the water tube. The water barriers finally become frozen in the water tube and prevent the latter from being directly used next time.
- To solve the problem of blocked water tube due to retained and frozen water therein, there has been developed a general vacuum breaker for
water tube 1′, top and bottom perspective views of which are shown in Figs. 1 and 2, respectively. The vacuum breaker forwater tube 1′ includes an upper and a lower connectingelement element 11 is provided at one side with atightening device 111, and the lower connectingelement 12 internally defines a radially inward extendedstepped surface 121, on which a plurality ofair holes 122 are spaced. -
FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of a conventional vacuum breaker forwater tube 1′, which includes an upper connectingelement 11 for connecting to a hose bibb 2 (also refer toFIG. 9 ), and a lower connectingelement 12 coupled to a lower end of the upper connectingelement 11 for a water tube 3 (also refer toFIG. 9 ) to connect thereto. The upper connectingelement 11 is provided at one side with atightening device 111 to ensure firm and tight association of the upper connectingelement 11 with thehose bibb 2, and internally includes atransverse partition 112 having awater outlet 113. An annularwaterproof gasket 114 is supported on thetransverse partition 112 to tightly contact with an end surface of a spout of thehose bibb 2. The lower connectingelement 12 includes a plurality ofair holes 122 spaced along an internalstepped surface 121 to communicate an inner space of thevacuum breaker 1′ with external environment. Apressure pad 123 having acentral hole 124 is rested on thestepped surface 121, aspring 125 is disposed in the lower connectingelement 12 below thepressure pad 123, and alifting member 126 is inserted in thespring 125. - When the
hose bibb 2 is turned on to supply water, thelifting member 126 is subjected to a force of the supplied water and moves downward to thereby compress thespring 125. At this point, thepressure pad 123, which is also subjected to the downward force of the supplied water, is not upward pushed by thelifting member 126 and thereby naturally seals theair holes 122 to prevent the supplied water from flowing therethrough, as shown inFIG. 4 . On the other hand, when thehose bibb 2 is turned off, thelifting member 126 is no longer subjected to any downward force of water and releases thecompressed spring 125. A restoring force of thespring 125 elastically pushes thelifting member 126 upward against thepressure pad 123, which is not subjected to any downward force of water now, causing thepressure pad 123 to slightly curve upward, as shown inFIG. 5 , and thereby opens theair holes 122 to admit external air to thewater tube 3. This allows thewater tube 3 to have internal pressure equal or less than the atmosphere pressure and thereby discharge of water through the air ports as much as possible any residual water therefrom. Any amount of water remained in thewater tube 3 shall be so small that it would not form any water barrier to block thewater tube 3 even in a frozen state. - However, the
spring 125 in the conventional vacuum breaker for water tube is subject to rust corrosion or elastic fatigue after being used over a long time. A rusted corrosion or elasticallyfatigue spring 125 would very possibly prevent the lifting member from smoothly moving upward or downward to fully open or seal theair holes 122. At this point, the problem of blocked water tube due to water retained and frozen therein would occur again or contaminated water is transmitted back into the water system. - It is therefore tried by the inventor to develop a vacuum breaker for hose connection that has simplified internal structure and accordingly reduced manufacturing cost, and helps a water tube connected thereto to vacuum drain any residual water therefrom.
- A primary object of the present invention is to provide a vacuum breaker for water tube that uses a convex-topped pressure pad to elastically seal or open a plurality of air holes on the valve, so that residual water in the water tube discharge of water through the air ports, and the structure of the valve is simplified to reduce the manufacturing cost thereof.
- To achieve the above and other objects, the vacuum breaker for hose connection according to the present invention includes an upper connecting element for connecting to a hose bibb, a lower connecting element coupled to a lower end of the upper connecting element for a water tube to connect thereto, and a pressure pad. The upper connecting element is internally provided with a waterproof gasket supported on a transverse partition to tightly contact with an end surface of the hose bibb. The lower connecting element has an internal stepped surface, on which a plurality of air holes are spaced to communicate an inner space of the vacuum breaker with external environment. The pressure pad has an upward convex top with a central hole and is rested on the stepped surface of the lower connecting element. The pressure pad is elastically deformed and flattened under a water force impacted thereon to thereby seal the air holes on the stepped surface, and automatically elastically restores to the convex top to open the air holes when the hose bibb is turned off, so that any water remained in the water tube could be vacuum drained.
- The structure and the technical means adopted by the present invention to achieve the above and other objects can be best understood by referring to the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings, wherein
-
FIG. 1 is a top perspective view of a general vacuum breaker for hose connection; -
FIG. 2 is a bottom perspective view of the general vacuum breaker for hose connection ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view showing an internal structure of a conventional vacuum breaker for hose connection; -
FIG. 4 is an assembled and sectioned side view of the conventional vacuum breaker for hose connection ofFIG. 3 in a state of sealing air holes thereof; -
FIG. 5 is an assembled and sectioned side view of the conventional vacuum breaker for hose connection ofFIG. 3 in a state of opening air holes thereof;FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view showing an internal structure of a vacuum breaker for hose connection according to the present invention; -
FIG. 7 is an assembled and sectioned side view of the vacuum breaker for hose connection of the present invention in a state of sealing air holes thereof; -
FIG. 8 is an assembled and sectioned side view of the vacuum breaker for hose connection of the present invention in a state of opening air holes thereof; and -
FIG. 9 shows an example of use of the vacuum breaker for hose connection of the present invention. - Please refer to
FIG. 6 that is an exploded perspective view of a vacuum breaker forhose connection 1 according to the present invention. As shown, the vacuum breaker forhose connection 1 includes an upper connectingelement 11 for connecting to a hose bibb 2 (seeFIG. 9 ), and a lower connectingelement 12 coupled to a lower end of the upper connectingelement 11 for awater tube 3 to connect thereto, as shown inFIG. 9 . - The upper connecting
element 11 is provided at one side with a tighteningdevice 111 for ensuring a firm and tight association of the upper connectingelement 11 with thehose bibb 2, and internally includes atransverse partition 112 provided with awater outlet 113. An annularwaterproof gasket 114 is supported on thepartition 112 for tightly contacting with an end surface of a spout of thehose bibb 2. - The lower connecting
element 12 internally defines an annular and radially inward extendedstepped surface 121, on which a plurality ofair holes 122 are spaced to communicate an inner space of the vacuum breaker forwater tube 1 with an external environment. Apressure pad 4 having acentral hole 41 provided at an upward convex top thereof is rested on thestepped surface 121 to elastically deform and become flattened in response to water flown against it and thereby seals theair holes 122 on thestepped surface 121. - More specifically, when water is supplied via the
hose bibb 2 to flow through the vacuum breaker forhose connection 1, thepressure pad 4 is subjected to a downward force from the supplied water and the convex top of thepressure pad 4 is deformed and flattened to thereby seal theair holes 122 on thestepped surface 121 of the lower connectingelement 12, as shown inFIG. 7 . At this point, all the water supplied from thehose bibb 2 flows through thecentral hole 41 of thepressure pad 4 without moving to theair holes 122. On the other hand, when thehose bibb 2 is turned off, thepressure pad 4 is no longer subjected to any downward force from the water and automatically elastically restores to its original convex shape and thereby opens theair holes 122 to admit external air to thewater tube 3, as shown inFIG. 8 . This allows thewater tube 3 to have internal pressure equal or less than the atmosphere pressure and thereby drain off as much as possible any residual water therefrom. In case of any amount of water remained in thewater tube 3, it shall be so small that no water barrier would be formed to block thewater tube 3 even in a frozen state. - The vacuum breaker for
hose connection 1 of the present invention is different from the conventional ones in that it includes a convex-topped and elasticallydeformable pressure pad 4 to replace the conventional lifting member and spring to achieve the same good effect of avoiding contaminated water is transmitted back into the water supply system and a frozen water tube while solving the problem of having a rusted corrosion and/or elastically fatigue spring and accordingly an immovable lifting member in the vacuum breaker. With the convex-topped pressure pad that elastically seals or opens the air holes on the lower connecting element of the vacuum breaker of the present invention, residual water could be fully removed from the water tube to achieve the effect of vacuum draining and against contaminants that can enter the system through bake pressure equal to 29.9 kpa(4.33 p.s.i) and back siphonage through the hose threaded outlets. The vacuum breaker for hose connection of the present invention also has effectively simplified internal structure to largely reduce the manufacturing cost thereof.
Claims (2)
1. A vacuum breaker for hose connection, comprising an upper connecting element for connecting to a hose bibb and hydrant, a lower connecting element coupled to a lower end of said upper connecting element for a water tube to connect thereto, and a pressure pad disposed in said lower connecting element;
said upper connecting element being internally provided with a transverse partition having a water outlet formed thereat, and an annular waterproof gasket supported on said partition to tightly contact with an end surface of a spout of said hose bibb;
said lower connecting element internally defining a radially inward extended stepped surface, on which a plurality of air holes are spaced to communicate an inner space of said vacuum breaker with external environment; and
said pressure pad having an upward convex top with a central hole and being rested on said stepped surface of said lower connecting element; said pressure pad being elastically deformable to seal said air holes on said stepped surface of said lower connecting element when water is supplied from said hose bibb and impacts on said convex top of said pressure pad, and automatically elastically restoring to said convex top to open said air holes when said hose bibb is turned off.
2. The vacuum breaker for hose connection as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said upper connecting element is provided at one side with a tightening device to ensure a firm and tight association of said upper connecting element with said hose bibb.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/035,470 US20060157110A1 (en) | 2005-01-18 | 2005-01-18 | Vacuum breaker for hose connection |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/035,470 US20060157110A1 (en) | 2005-01-18 | 2005-01-18 | Vacuum breaker for hose connection |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20060157110A1 true US20060157110A1 (en) | 2006-07-20 |
Family
ID=36682612
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/035,470 Abandoned US20060157110A1 (en) | 2005-01-18 | 2005-01-18 | Vacuum breaker for hose connection |
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US (1) | US20060157110A1 (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060226384A1 (en) * | 2004-10-05 | 2006-10-12 | Terry Hygema | Water valve snap fit retention for a vacuum break |
CN107387829A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2017-11-24 | 黄仲义 | The tap of device is abolished with vacuum |
US10011982B1 (en) | 2015-09-23 | 2018-07-03 | Theodore W. Baker | School spaces retrofitted for alternative uses and related technology |
US10036172B1 (en) | 2016-08-17 | 2018-07-31 | Theodore W. Baker | Commercial storefront spaces retrofitted for alternative uses and related technology |
US10043227B1 (en) | 2016-03-18 | 2018-08-07 | Theodore W. Baker | Commercial loading, storage, parking and vehicle-servicing spaces retrofitted for alternative uses and related technology |
US10529038B2 (en) | 2015-04-29 | 2020-01-07 | Spacement Inc. | Dynamic interstitial hotels and related technology |
US10662662B2 (en) | 2015-04-29 | 2020-05-26 | Spacement Inc. | Retrofitted real estate and related technology |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3670760A (en) * | 1970-08-13 | 1972-06-20 | A W Cash Valve Mfg Corp | Backflow preventer |
-
2005
- 2005-01-18 US US11/035,470 patent/US20060157110A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3670760A (en) * | 1970-08-13 | 1972-06-20 | A W Cash Valve Mfg Corp | Backflow preventer |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060226384A1 (en) * | 2004-10-05 | 2006-10-12 | Terry Hygema | Water valve snap fit retention for a vacuum break |
US20090038136A1 (en) * | 2004-10-05 | 2009-02-12 | Group Dekko, Inc. | Water valve snap fit retention for a vacuum break |
US7996979B2 (en) | 2004-10-05 | 2011-08-16 | Group Dekko, Inc. | Water valve snap fit retention for a vacuum break |
US8006523B2 (en) * | 2004-10-05 | 2011-08-30 | Group Dekko, Inc. | Water valve snap fit retention for a vacuum break |
US10529038B2 (en) | 2015-04-29 | 2020-01-07 | Spacement Inc. | Dynamic interstitial hotels and related technology |
US10662662B2 (en) | 2015-04-29 | 2020-05-26 | Spacement Inc. | Retrofitted real estate and related technology |
US10011982B1 (en) | 2015-09-23 | 2018-07-03 | Theodore W. Baker | School spaces retrofitted for alternative uses and related technology |
US10043227B1 (en) | 2016-03-18 | 2018-08-07 | Theodore W. Baker | Commercial loading, storage, parking and vehicle-servicing spaces retrofitted for alternative uses and related technology |
CN107387829A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2017-11-24 | 黄仲义 | The tap of device is abolished with vacuum |
US10036172B1 (en) | 2016-08-17 | 2018-07-31 | Theodore W. Baker | Commercial storefront spaces retrofitted for alternative uses and related technology |
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Legal Events
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STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |