US20060148355A1 - Braid construction to match coefficients of thermal expansion for composite transmission housings - Google Patents
Braid construction to match coefficients of thermal expansion for composite transmission housings Download PDFInfo
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- US20060148355A1 US20060148355A1 US11/028,729 US2872905A US2006148355A1 US 20060148355 A1 US20060148355 A1 US 20060148355A1 US 2872905 A US2872905 A US 2872905A US 2006148355 A1 US2006148355 A1 US 2006148355A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cte
- composite
- fibers
- recited
- transmission component
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
- F16H57/032—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein characterised by the materials used
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04C—BRAIDING OR MANUFACTURE OF LACE, INCLUDING BOBBIN-NET OR CARBONISED LACE; BRAIDING MACHINES; BRAID; LACE
- D04C1/00—Braid or lace, e.g. pillow-lace; Processes for the manufacture thereof
- D04C1/06—Braid or lace serving particular purposes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2505/00—Industrial
- D10B2505/02—Reinforcing materials; Prepregs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
- Y10T442/3179—Woven fabric is characterized by a particular or differential weave other than fabric in which the strand denier or warp/weft pick count is specified
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
- Y10T442/3179—Woven fabric is characterized by a particular or differential weave other than fabric in which the strand denier or warp/weft pick count is specified
- Y10T442/3195—Three-dimensional weave [e.g., x-y-z planes, multi-planar warps and/or wefts, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
- Y10T442/3179—Woven fabric is characterized by a particular or differential weave other than fabric in which the strand denier or warp/weft pick count is specified
- Y10T442/322—Warp differs from weft
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
- Y10T442/3179—Woven fabric is characterized by a particular or differential weave other than fabric in which the strand denier or warp/weft pick count is specified
- Y10T442/322—Warp differs from weft
- Y10T442/3228—Materials differ
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
- Y10T442/3179—Woven fabric is characterized by a particular or differential weave other than fabric in which the strand denier or warp/weft pick count is specified
- Y10T442/322—Warp differs from weft
- Y10T442/3228—Materials differ
- Y10T442/3236—Including inorganic strand material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
- Y10T442/3179—Woven fabric is characterized by a particular or differential weave other than fabric in which the strand denier or warp/weft pick count is specified
- Y10T442/322—Warp differs from weft
- Y10T442/3228—Materials differ
- Y10T442/3236—Including inorganic strand material
- Y10T442/3252—Including synthetic polymeric strand material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
- Y10T442/3179—Woven fabric is characterized by a particular or differential weave other than fabric in which the strand denier or warp/weft pick count is specified
- Y10T442/322—Warp differs from weft
- Y10T442/3228—Materials differ
- Y10T442/326—Including synthetic polymeric strand material
Definitions
- the composite transmission component is fabricated from braid employing graphite axial fibers and S-glass bias fibers that are oriented at a bias angle to the graphite axial fibers.
- This configuration produces a structure with two directionally dependant coefficients of thermal expansion.
- the composite transmission component is located adjacent to a second composite transmission component and a metal transmission component.
- a first CTE of the composite transmission component is tailored to a CTE of the second composite component and a second CTE of the composite transmission component is tailored to a metal CTE of the metal transmission component.
- the first and second CTE are tailored by utilizing graphite axial fibers and S-glass bias fibers, or two other different types of fibers, and by controlling the bias angle.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic perspective view of an example vehicle with a transmission housing
- FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective cross-sectional view of the transmission of FIG. 1 ;
- the second CTE of the second composite support 64 is generally equal to or greater than a metallic CTE of the bearing races 60 and bearing liners 62 to maintain a tight fit between the second composite support 64 , bearing races 60 and bearing liners 62 . That is, the bearing races 60 and bearing liners 62 will expand at a rate equal to or less than the second composite support 64 when the transmission housing 30 is heated.
- the second composite support 64 will exert a force on the bearing races 60 and bearing liners 62 at the interface 66 to prevent separation at the interface 66 .
- the second CTE is greater than or about equal to the metallic CTE. That is, within about +10% of the metallic CTE is considered about equal. This may minimize the thermal strain at the interface 66 and provide a continuously tight fit between the second composite support 64 , bearing races 60 and bearing liners 62 over an operating temperature range from about ⁇ 40° F. to about 300° F. 6.
Abstract
A transmission assembly includes a composite transmission component with a tailored coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). The composite transmission component is fabricated from graphite axial fibers and S-glass bias fibers that are oriented at a bias angle to the graphite axial fibers. The composite transmission component is located adjacent to a second composite transmission component and a metal transmission component. A first CTE of the composite transmission component is tailored to a CTE of the second composite component. A second CTE of the composite transmission component is tailored to a metal CTE of the metal transmission component. The first and second CTE are tailored by utilizing graphite axial fibers and S-glass bias fibers, or two other different types of fibers, and by controlling the bias angle. The tailored first and second CTE minimize thermal strain and maintain a tight fit between the components.
Description
- This invention relates to transmission housings and, more particularly, to a composite transmission housing component with a tailored coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE).
- Conventional power transmissions and transmission components may potentially use light-weight composite materials to reduce the weight of the power transmission, however, some components such as gears, bearing liners, and bearing races are still made from metal materials.
- The use of composite components and metallic components in intimate contact with each other may present problems over the operating temperature range of the power transmission. Typically, the composite component has a different CTE than the metal component. The difference in CTE causes the composite component to expand and contract over a temperature range differently than the metal component expands and contracts. When the composite component and metal component are bonded together or otherwise meet at a composite-metal interface, the difference in CTE may cause thermal strain between the composite component and the metal component, which in turn may lead to a failure at the composite-metal interface. Common interface failures include physical separation between the composite component and metal component, aggravated fatigue and creep, formation of leak paths, and loosening of press fits, all of which may affect the proper functioning of the power transmission. The problem is further compounded with an additional composite-composite interface when another composite component with yet another CTE is located next to the first composite component.
- Some existing conventional composite materials have been designed with a CTE that is closer to the CTE of most metals. Reducing the difference between the CTE of the composite and the CTE of the metal may alleviate the thermal strain and may reduce risk of failure at a composite-metal interface. These conventional composites typically include stacking positive and negative CTE composite layers, using specialized and expensive fibers, or orienting the reinforcing fibers to tailor the CTE in a single direction.
- Although these conventional composites may alleviate thermal strain problems for composite-metal interfaces, a conventional composite may actually aggravate thermal strain problems in a power transmission application where the composite component also interfaces with another different type of composite component by increasing the difference between the CTE's of the two composite components. Despite these conventional composites, a demand remains for a composite that is thermally compatible with both metals and other composites.
- Accordingly, a composite component having a CTE that more effectively matches the CTE of an interfacing metal component and the CTE of another interfacing composite component is needed.
- The transmission assembly according to the present invention includes a composite transmission component with a tailored coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). The composite transmission component is located adjacent to another composite component and a metal component and is thermally compatible with both the other composite component and the metal component.
- In each of the transmission assembly examples considered, the composite transmission component is fabricated from braid employing graphite axial fibers and S-glass bias fibers that are oriented at a bias angle to the graphite axial fibers. This configuration produces a structure with two directionally dependant coefficients of thermal expansion. The composite transmission component is located adjacent to a second composite transmission component and a metal transmission component. A first CTE of the composite transmission component is tailored to a CTE of the second composite component and a second CTE of the composite transmission component is tailored to a metal CTE of the metal transmission component. The first and second CTE are tailored by utilizing graphite axial fibers and S-glass bias fibers, or two other different types of fibers, and by controlling the bias angle.
- In one composite transmission component example, the composite transmission component is positioned radially inward from the metal transmission component. The first CTE is tailored to be generally equal to the CTE of the second composite component in an axial direction and the second CTE is tailored to be slightly greater than or equal to the CTE of the metal transmission component in a hoop direction to minimize thermal strain between all the components and to maintain a tight fit between the composite transmission component and the metal transmission component.
- In another composite transmission component example, the composite transmission component is positioned radially outward from the metal transmission component. The first CTE is tailored to be generally equal to the CTE of the second composite component in an axial direction and the second CTE is tailored to be slightly greater than or equal to the CTE of the metal transmission component in a hoop direction to minimize thermal strain between all the components and to maintain a tight fit between the composite transmission component and the metal transmission component.
- The transmission according to the present invention provides a composite component that is thermally compatible with another composite component and a metal component.
- The various features and advantages of this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the currently preferred embodiment. The drawings that accompany the detailed description can be briefly described as follows.
-
FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic perspective view of an example vehicle with a transmission housing; -
FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective cross-sectional view of the transmission ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3 illustrates a perspective cross-sectional view of a tail take-off drive of the transmission ofFIG. 1 ; and -
FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic view of a triaxially braided fiber reinforced composite. -
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a rotary-wing aircraft 10 having amain rotor assembly 12. Theaircraft 10 includes anairframe 14 having an extendingtail 16 which mounts ananti-torque rotor 18. Themain rotor assembly 12 is driven through a transmission (illustrated schematically at 20) by one ormore engines 22. Although a particular helicopter configuration is illustrated in the disclosed embodiment, other machines such as turbo-props, tilt-rotor and tilt-wing aircraft will also benefit from the present invention. - Referring to
FIG. 2 , thetransmission 20 includes atransmission housing 30. Thetransmission housing 30 includes a compositeouter structure 32 which is preferably fabricated from a graphite fiber reinforced composite. The compositeouter structure 32 structurally supports an adjacentfirst composite support 34 and tail rotor take offdrive 36. - The first
composite support 34 is annular in shape and defines anaxis 38. Abull gear 40 with a steel bearingraces 41 is mounted on the firstcomposite support 34. Thebull gear 40 is located radially outward from the firstcomposite support 34 such that thebull gear 40 and firstcomposite support 34 meet at aninterface 42. Theinterface 42 extends in a circumferential hoop direction 44 relative to theaxis 38. The compositeouter structure 32 and firstcomposite support 34 meet at aninterface 46 which extends primarily in an axial direction that is generally parallel with theaxis 38. - Referring to
FIG. 3 , the tail rotor take offdrive 36 includes adrive gear 56 defining anaxis 58. Steel bearingraces 60 and titanium or steel metal bearingliners 62 are mounted radially inward relative to a secondcomposite support 64 such that thebearing races 60,bearing liners 62, and secondcomposite support 64 meet at an interface 66. The interface 66 extends in acircumferential hoop direction 68 relative to theaxis 58. The compositeouter structure 32 and secondcomposite support 64 meet at aninterface 70 which extends primarily in an axial direction that is generally parallel theaxis 58. -
FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic view of a composite. The firstcomposite support 34 and secondcomposite support 64 are fabricated from an interwoven or braidedcomposite configuration 80. Preferably thecomposite configuration 80 is an interwoven triaxially braided composite that includesaxial fibers 82 andbias fibers 84 in aresin matrix 86. Thebias fibers 84 are oriented at abias angle 88 relative to alongitudinal axis 90 defined by theaxial fibers 84. Thebias angle 88 is between 0° and +/−90° relative to theaxial fibers 82, and preferably is between +/−55° and +/−70°. - The
axial fibers 82 are different from thebias fibers 84. In one example, theaxial fibers 82 are graphite PAN fibers and thebias fibers 84 are S-glass fibers. The volumetric ratio of S-glass fibers to graphite PAN fibers is 2:1. Other types of fibers, such as Kevlar™, could also be used. The difference in the types of fibers used for theaxial fibers 82 andbias fibers 84 coupled with thebias angle 88 allows the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of thecomposite configuration 80, and thus the firstcomposite support 34 and secondcomposite support 64 that are fabricated from thecomposite configuration 80, to be tailored in certain desired directions. - In one example, the first
composite support 34 has a first CTE in the axial direction relative to theaxis 38 and a different second CTE in the hoop direction 44. The first CTE is controlled by aligning thelongitudinal axis 90 of the graphite PANaxial fibers 82 with theaxis 38. The second CTE is controlled by thebias angle 88 of thebias fibers 84. Abias angle 88 closer to +/−55° in the preferred +/−55° to +/−70° range results in a larger second CTE and abias angle 88 closer to +/−70° in the preferred range results in a smaller second CTE. The second CTE can therefore be tailored to a desired CTE during fabrication of the firstcomposite support 34. - The first CTE of the first
composite support 34 is generally equal to an outer composite CTE of the compositeouter structure 32 to minimize thermal strain produced at theinterface 46. Preferably the first CTE is within about +/−10% of the outer composite CTE. - The second CTE of the first
composite support 34 is generally equal to or greater than a metallic CTE of the bearing races 41 to maintain a tight fit between the firstcomposite support 34 and bearing races 41. That is, the firstcomposite support 34 will expand at a rate equal to or greater than themetal bearing races 41 when thetransmission housing 30 is heated and exert a force on the bearing races 41 at theinterface 42 to prevent separation at theinterface 42. Preferably the second CTE is greater than or about equal to the metallic CTE. That is, within about +10% of the metallic CTE is considered to be about equal. This may minimize the thermal strain at theinterface 42 and provide a continuously tight fit between the firstcomposite support 34 and bearingraces 41 over an operating temperature range from about −40° F. to about 300° F. Alternatively, the second CTE of the firstcomposite support 34 may be less than or about equal to the metallic CTE, however, this is thought to produce less desirable thermal strain and tightness of fit conditions at theinterface 42. - In another example, the second
composite support 64 has a first CTE in the axial direction relative to theaxis 58 and a different second CTE in thehoop direction 68. The first CTE is generally equal to the outer composite CTE of the compositeouter structure 32 to minimize thermal strain produced at theinterface 70. Preferably the first CTE is within about +/−10% of the outer composite CTE. - The second CTE of the second
composite support 64 is generally equal to or greater than a metallic CTE of the bearing races 60 andbearing liners 62 to maintain a tight fit between the secondcomposite support 64, bearingraces 60 andbearing liners 62. That is, the bearing races 60 andbearing liners 62 will expand at a rate equal to or less than the secondcomposite support 64 when thetransmission housing 30 is heated. The secondcomposite support 64 will exert a force on the bearing races 60 andbearing liners 62 at the interface 66 to prevent separation at the interface 66. Preferably the second CTE is greater than or about equal to the metallic CTE. That is, within about +10% of the metallic CTE is considered about equal. This may minimize the thermal strain at the interface 66 and provide a continuously tight fit between the secondcomposite support 64, bearingraces 60 andbearing liners 62 over an operating temperature range from about −40° F. to about 300° F. 6. - The
transmission housing 30 may be fabricated using several different methods of resin transfer molding or other molding process to incorporate the firstcomposite structure 34 and secondcomposite structure 64. In one example, the firstcomposite structure 34 and secondcomposite structure 64 are each fabricated in a braiding processes. The braiding process itself is known. Theaxial fibers 82 andbias fibers 84 are braided over a reusable mandrel, infused with theresin matrix 86, and cured in the resin transfer molding process. The cured firstcomposite structure 34 and cured secondcomposite structure 64 are then positioned as molded-in inserts in a resin transfer molding process or other molding process of the compositeouter structure 32. - In another example, the first
composite structure 34 and secondcomposite structure 64 are each fabricated in a braiding process. The braiding process itself is known. Theaxial fibers 82 andbias fibers 84 are braided over a reusable mandrel, positioned in a resin transfer mold tooling of the compositeouter structure 32, infused with theresin matrix 86, and cured. Thus, the firstcomposite structure 34, secondcomposite structure 64 and compositeouter structure 32 are infused and cured simultaneously as a single integral piece. - Although a preferred embodiment of this invention has been disclosed, a worker of ordinary skill in this art would recognize that certain modifications would come within the scope of this invention. For that reason, the following claims should be studied to determine the true scope and content of this invention.
Claims (23)
1. A composite article comprising:
a plurality of first fibers having a first orientation and controlling a first coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) in a first direction;
a plurality of second fibers adjacent to said plurality of first fibers, said plurality of second fibers having a second orientation and controlling a second CTE in a second direction which is different than said first direction, said plurality of first fibers being different than said plurality of second fibers.
2. The article as recited in claim 1 , wherein said first direction is in a first plane and said second direction is in a second plane that is different from said first plane.
3. The article as recited in claim 1 , wherein said first CTE is different than said second CTE.
4. The article as recited in claim 1 , wherein said plurality of second fibers are interwoven with said plurality of first fibers.
5. The article as recited in claim 1 , wherein said plurality of first fibers comprise glass fibers.
6. The article as recited in claim 1 , wherein said plurality of first fibers comprise Kevlar™ fibers.
7. The article as recited in claim 1 , wherein said plurality of second fibers comprise graphite fibers.
8. The article as recited in claim 1 , wherein said plurality of first fibers have a volumetric ratio of about 2:1 to said plurality of second fibers.
9. The article as recited in claim 1 , wherein said first orientation comprises an angular bias between essentially 0° and +/−90° relative to an axis and said second orientation is generally parallel to said axis.
10. The article as recited in claim 9 , wherein said angular bias is between +/−55° and +/−70°.
11. A transmission assembly comprising:
a first transmission component having a first CTE in an axial direction;
a second transmission component adjacent to said first transmission component, said second transmission component having a second CTE in said axial direction and a third CTE in a non-axial direction, said third CTE being different than said second CTE; and
a third transmission component adjacent to said second transmission component, said third transmission component having a fourth CTE in said non-axial direction.
12. The assembly as recited in claim 11 , wherein said second CTE is generally equal to said first CTE.
13. The assembly as recited in claim 11 , wherein said third CTE is greater than said fourth CTE.
14. The assembly as recited in claim 11 , wherein said third CTE is less than said fourth CTE.
15. The assembly as recited in claim 11 , wherein said third transmission component is located radially inward from said second transmission component.
16. The assembly as recited in claim 11 , wherein said third transmission component is located radially outward from said second transmission component.
17. The assembly as recited in claim 11 , wherein said non-axial direction is a hoop direction.
18. The assembly as recited in claim 11 , wherein said first transmission component is a graphite composite case, said second transmission component is a composite support, and said third transmission component is a metal bearing component.
19. A method of tailoring a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of a composite comprising:
(a) orienting a plurality of first and second fibers in a first and second orientation, respectively, to form a composite;
(b) controlling a first CTE of the composite with the plurality of first fibers; and
(c) controlling a second CTE of the composite with the plurality of second fibers.
20. The method as recited in claim 19 , wherein the step (a) includes providing glass fibers and graphite fibers as the plurality of first and second fibers, respectively.
21. The method as recited in claim 19 , wherein the step (a) includes orienting the plurality of first fibers with an angular bias to an axis and orienting the plurality second fibers parallel to the axis.
22. The method as recited in claim 19 , including the steps of controlling the first CTE to be equal to or greater than a CTE of a metal component adjacent to the composite and controlling the second CTE to be generally equal to a composite component adjacent to the composite.
23. The method as recited in claim 19 , including the steps of controlling the first CTE to be equal to or less than a CTE of a metal component adjacent to the composite and controlling the second CTE to be generally equal to a composite component adjacent to the composite.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/028,729 US20060148355A1 (en) | 2005-01-04 | 2005-01-04 | Braid construction to match coefficients of thermal expansion for composite transmission housings |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/028,729 US20060148355A1 (en) | 2005-01-04 | 2005-01-04 | Braid construction to match coefficients of thermal expansion for composite transmission housings |
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US20060148355A1 true US20060148355A1 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
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Family Applications (1)
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US11/028,729 Abandoned US20060148355A1 (en) | 2005-01-04 | 2005-01-04 | Braid construction to match coefficients of thermal expansion for composite transmission housings |
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Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4545837A (en) * | 1983-05-31 | 1985-10-08 | United Technologies Corporation | Molded-in composite bushings |
US5993934A (en) * | 1997-08-06 | 1999-11-30 | Eastman Kodak Company | Near zero CTE carbon fiber hybrid laminate |
US6345598B1 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2002-02-12 | 3Tex, Inc. | 3-D braided composite valve structure |
US20030012939A1 (en) * | 2000-07-27 | 2003-01-16 | Carper Douglas Melton | Fiber reinforced composite article, fiber member, and method for making |
US6676080B2 (en) * | 2000-07-19 | 2004-01-13 | Aero Composites, Inc. | Composite airfoil assembly |
-
2005
- 2005-01-04 US US11/028,729 patent/US20060148355A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4545837A (en) * | 1983-05-31 | 1985-10-08 | United Technologies Corporation | Molded-in composite bushings |
US5993934A (en) * | 1997-08-06 | 1999-11-30 | Eastman Kodak Company | Near zero CTE carbon fiber hybrid laminate |
US6676080B2 (en) * | 2000-07-19 | 2004-01-13 | Aero Composites, Inc. | Composite airfoil assembly |
US20030012939A1 (en) * | 2000-07-27 | 2003-01-16 | Carper Douglas Melton | Fiber reinforced composite article, fiber member, and method for making |
US6345598B1 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2002-02-12 | 3Tex, Inc. | 3-D braided composite valve structure |
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