US20060112976A1 - Method for removing at least one partial area of a component made of metal or a metallic compound - Google Patents
Method for removing at least one partial area of a component made of metal or a metallic compound Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20060112976A1 US20060112976A1 US10/516,085 US51608504A US2006112976A1 US 20060112976 A1 US20060112976 A1 US 20060112976A1 US 51608504 A US51608504 A US 51608504A US 2006112976 A1 US2006112976 A1 US 2006112976A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- component
- diffusion agent
- partial area
- layer
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/60—After-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F4/00—Processes for removing metallic material from surfaces, not provided for in group C23F1/00 or C23F3/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for removing a partial area, in particular a layer area, of a component consisting of metal or a metal compound, so that the partial area can be removed more easily after the method has been applied.
- efficiency plays an important role, since it is a parameter which can be used to reduce the costs of operation of the gas turbine installation.
- One possible way of increasing the efficiency and thereby reducing the operating costs is to increase inlet temperatures of a combustion gas within a gas turbine.
- ceramic thermal barrier coatings have been developed and are applied to components that are subject to thermal loading, for example made from superalloys, which are no longer able to withstand even the high inlet temperatures over the course of time.
- the ceramic thermal barrier coating offers the advantage of a high thermal stability on account of its ceramic properties, and the metallic substrate offers the advantage of good mechanical properties in this assembly or layer system.
- composition of these MCrAlY layers may vary, but despite the ceramic layer on top of them, all MCrAlY layers are subject to corrosion or degradation as a result of oxidation, sulfiding, nitriding, diffusion or other chemical and/or mechanical attacks.
- the MCrAlY layer is degraded to a greater extent than the metallic substrate, i.e. the service life of the composite system comprising substrate and layer is determined by the service life of the MCrAlY layer.
- the MCrAlY interlayer After prolonged use, the MCrAlY interlayer only has a limited ability to function, whereas the substrate may still be fully functional.
- a method for removing corrosion products is known from U.S. Pat. No. 6,217,668.
- the corroded component is accommodated in a large crucible, where the component is arranged in a powder bed with an aluminum source.
- the crucible must be partially closed and then heated in a furnace.
- the heating process supplies aluminum to the corroded component, with the result that the regions which had hitherto been more difficult to remove, i.e. which had a higher resistance to removal, can be removed by means of subsequent acid treatment.
- Large amounts of material are required for the powder bed, and the crucible takes up a large amount of space in the furnace during the heat treatment. The heating process also lasts longer, on account of the high heat capacity.
- the invention overcomes the described drawbacks by means of a method as described in the claims.
- the diffusion agent can be applied by simple, known coating methods; such as plasma spraying, evaporation coating, CVD, pack methods (component in a powder bed) or other methods (paste application).
- FIG. 1 shows a corroded metallic component
- FIG. 2 shows a component to which the diffusion agent has been applied
- FIG. 3 shows the component illustrated in FIG. 2 following a heat treatment
- FIG. 4 shows components which are being subjected to an acid treatment
- FIGS. 5, 6 show components after an acid treatment for a method according to the invention and a method according to the prior art.
- FIG. 1 shows a component 1 made of metal, a metal alloy and/or a metal compound, which in at least one partial area at a surface 13 and/or in the interior of the component 1 has corrosion products 4 which are present, for example, in regions formed separated from one another.
- the corrosion products 4 may also be linked together or may be present on/underneath the entire surface 13 , i.e. may also form a corrosion layer 4 .
- the region enclosed by a dot-dashed line represents a partial area 28 .
- the component 1 may be a bulk component or a layer or a region of a composite or layer system 14 .
- a layer system 14 there is a substrate 7 made from metal or ceramic, to which the metallic layer 10 , for example an MCrAlY layer, has been applied; M indicates that a metal composed of nickel, chromium or iron is used.
- the partial area 28 may also be a partial area of the layer 10 or may represent the entire layer 10 of the layer system 14 and/or part of the metallic substrate 7 .
- the corrosion products 4 have formed while the component 1 was in use and are undesirable for further use of the component and need to be removed. This is often done by a treatment in an acid bath.
- the material of the component 1 beneath or above the layer 10 of degraded regions and/or the corrosion products 4 have a different reactivity in an acid bath, i.e. are more resistant to removal.
- the different solubility in the acid bath is caused by the different solubility of the corrosion products 4 or because an original composition of the material of the component 1 or the layer 10 has changed, e.g. because the corrosion product 4 removes a component from a region of the component 1 in the region around the corrosion product 4 , where it produces a depletion region. This leads to nonuniform removal or even no removal of the corrosion products 4 or the material in the depletion region.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to remove the corrosion products or the altered layer or base material regions completely and uniformly with the material of the component 1 or the layer 10 .
- coarse removal of the corrosion products 4 or other regions can be effected by mechanical methods, such as for example sand blasting and/or chemical means, such as for example an acid bath.
- a multi-component diffusion agent 16 is, for example, applied to the corroded component 1 on the surface 13 , in particular in the region having the corrosion products 4 , or to the corrosion layer 4 , or at least one component of the diffusion agent 16 diffuses into the component 1 directly from the gas phase, the corrosion products 4 in this example representing the regions which are more resistant to removal.
- the diffusion agent 16 contains, for example, two components, both of which diffuse into the layer 10 or the component 1 as a result of a heat treatment, where they alter the chemical composition and materials.
- the diffusion and heat treatment can also give rise to the formation of new phases which can be removed more easily by an acid bath 19 ( FIG. 4 ).
- FIG. 3 shows a component as shown in FIG. 2 , in which the diffusion agent 16 has completely diffused into the layer 10 as a result of a heat treatment at a temperature T.
- the layer 10 represents the partial area 28 that is to be removed, comprising not just regions that are more resistant to removal.
- the diffusion agent 16 is made up of at least two components. At least one component of the diffusion agent 16 is, for example, metallic, such as for example aluminum. By way of example, cobalt represents a further metallic component. Other components may include silicon or carbon.
- the method functions particularly well if cobalt and aluminum diffuse into the partial area 28 as components of the diffusion agent 16 .
- the ⁇ ′ phase is prevented from re-forming.
- enriching the MCrAlY layer with aluminum and/or cobalt causes ⁇ and ⁇ ′ phase to be converted into an aluminum-rich ⁇ phase.
- FIG. 4 shows two components which are arranged in an acid bath 19 or are exposed to an acid attack.
- FIG. 5 shows the component 22 following the acid treatment.
- the component 22 still has acid-resistant regions 25 which have not been removed or have been removed to a lesser extent during the acid attack, resulting in nonuniform removal of a layer area of the component 22 .
- FIG. 6 shows a component 1 or layer system 14 in which a layer area of the component I or the layer 10 has been removed uniformly.
- the diffusion of the diffusion agent 16 has also enabled the partial area 28 to become so brittle that the partial area 28 can be removed by a mechanical treatment (sand blasting, ultrasound, dry ice blasting).
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- ing And Chemical Polishing (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for removing at least one layer area of a component made of metal or a metal compound. When components are used in high temperature areas, they acquire degraded areas which are removed by means of an acid attack. Removal during said acid treatment is uneven since areas having different acidic solubility behavior arise as a result of said degradation. According to the inventive method, the chemical composition and the phase composition of the component can be altered in such a matter that an even removal can take place during the acid treatment.
Description
- This application is the U.S. National Stage of International Application No. PCT/EP03/05573, filed May 27, 2003 and claims the benefit thereof. The International Application claims the benefits of European application No. 02011965.7 EP filed May 29, 2002, both of the applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
- The invention relates to a method for removing a partial area, in particular a layer area, of a component consisting of metal or a metal compound, so that the partial area can be removed more easily after the method has been applied.
- In modern energy generation plants, such as for example gas turbine installations, efficiency plays an important role, since it is a parameter which can be used to reduce the costs of operation of the gas turbine installation. One possible way of increasing the efficiency and thereby reducing the operating costs is to increase inlet temperatures of a combustion gas within a gas turbine.
- For this reason, ceramic thermal barrier coatings have been developed and are applied to components that are subject to thermal loading, for example made from superalloys, which are no longer able to withstand even the high inlet temperatures over the course of time.
- The ceramic thermal barrier coating offers the advantage of a high thermal stability on account of its ceramic properties, and the metallic substrate offers the advantage of good mechanical properties in this assembly or layer system.
- A bonding layer of composition MCrAlY (main constituents), in which M means that a metal comprising nickel, chromium or iron is used, is typically applied between the substrate and the ceramic thermal barrier coating.
- The composition of these MCrAlY layers may vary, but despite the ceramic layer on top of them, all MCrAlY layers are subject to corrosion or degradation as a result of oxidation, sulfiding, nitriding, diffusion or other chemical and/or mechanical attacks.
- It is often the case that the MCrAlY layer is degraded to a greater extent than the metallic substrate, i.e. the service life of the composite system comprising substrate and layer is determined by the service life of the MCrAlY layer.
- After prolonged use, the MCrAlY interlayer only has a limited ability to function, whereas the substrate may still be fully functional.
- Therefore, there is a need for the components which have been degraded in use, for example turbine blades, guide vanes or combustion chamber parts, to be reworked, during which process the corroded layers of the zones of the MCrAlY layer have to be removed in order if appropriate for new MCrAlY layers and/or then a thermal barrier coating to be applied. The use of existing, used substrates reduces the costs of operation of gas turbine installations.
- In this context, it must be ensured that the design of the turbine blades is not altered, i.e. that there is a uniform removal of material from the surface.
- Furthermore, there should be no residues of corrosion products, which represent a defect source during new coating with an MCrAlY layer and/or a ceramic thermal barrier coating and lead to poor bonding of the thermal barrier coating.
- A method for removing corrosion products is known from U.S. Pat. No. 6,217,668. In this method, the corroded component is accommodated in a large crucible, where the component is arranged in a powder bed with an aluminum source. The crucible must be partially closed and then heated in a furnace. The heating process supplies aluminum to the corroded component, with the result that the regions which had hitherto been more difficult to remove, i.e. which had a higher resistance to removal, can be removed by means of subsequent acid treatment. Large amounts of material are required for the powder bed, and the crucible takes up a large amount of space in the furnace during the heat treatment. The heating process also lasts longer, on account of the high heat capacity.
- A further method for removing surface layers of metallic coatings is known from U.S. Pat. No. 6,036,995. In this method, an aluminum source is applied to a corroded component in the form of a paste. However, the component together with the paste has to be heated until the aluminum melts, and consequently it is only then that aluminum can diffuse into the component. The molten aluminum layer is difficult to remove, since it bonds very well to the component.
- The invention overcomes the described drawbacks by means of a method as described in the claims.
- Further advantageous configurations of the method are listed in the subclaims.
- The diffusion agent can be applied by simple, known coating methods; such as plasma spraying, evaporation coating, CVD, pack methods (component in a powder bed) or other methods (paste application).
- The figures illustrate exemplary embodiments of the method according to the invention.
- In the drawings:
-
FIG. 1 shows a corroded metallic component, -
FIG. 2 shows a component to which the diffusion agent has been applied, -
FIG. 3 shows the component illustrated inFIG. 2 following a heat treatment, -
FIG. 4 shows components which are being subjected to an acid treatment, -
FIGS. 5, 6 show components after an acid treatment for a method according to the invention and a method according to the prior art. -
FIG. 1 shows a component 1 made of metal, a metal alloy and/or a metal compound, which in at least one partial area at asurface 13 and/or in the interior of the component 1 hascorrosion products 4 which are present, for example, in regions formed separated from one another. Thecorrosion products 4 may also be linked together or may be present on/underneath theentire surface 13, i.e. may also form acorrosion layer 4. - By way of example, the region enclosed by a dot-dashed line represents a
partial area 28. - The component 1 may be a bulk component or a layer or a region of a composite or layer system 14. In the case of a layer system 14, there is a substrate 7 made from metal or ceramic, to which the
metallic layer 10, for example an MCrAlY layer, has been applied; M indicates that a metal composed of nickel, chromium or iron is used. - The
partial area 28 may also be a partial area of thelayer 10 or may represent theentire layer 10 of the layer system 14 and/or part of the metallic substrate 7. - The
corrosion products 4 have formed while the component 1 was in use and are undesirable for further use of the component and need to be removed. This is often done by a treatment in an acid bath. - However, it is also the case that the material of the component 1 beneath or above the
layer 10 of degraded regions and/or thecorrosion products 4 have a different reactivity in an acid bath, i.e. are more resistant to removal. The different solubility in the acid bath is caused by the different solubility of thecorrosion products 4 or because an original composition of the material of the component 1 or thelayer 10 has changed, e.g. because thecorrosion product 4 removes a component from a region of the component 1 in the region around thecorrosion product 4, where it produces a depletion region. This leads to nonuniform removal or even no removal of thecorrosion products 4 or the material in the depletion region. - The method according to the invention makes it possible to remove the corrosion products or the altered layer or base material regions completely and uniformly with the material of the component 1 or the
layer 10. - By way of example, in a first method step coarse removal of the
corrosion products 4 or other regions can be effected by mechanical methods, such as for example sand blasting and/or chemical means, such as for example an acid bath. - In a further method step (
FIG. 2 ), amulti-component diffusion agent 16 is, for example, applied to the corroded component 1 on thesurface 13, in particular in the region having thecorrosion products 4, or to thecorrosion layer 4, or at least one component of thediffusion agent 16 diffuses into the component 1 directly from the gas phase, thecorrosion products 4 in this example representing the regions which are more resistant to removal. - The
diffusion agent 16 contains, for example, two components, both of which diffuse into thelayer 10 or the component 1 as a result of a heat treatment, where they alter the chemical composition and materials. The diffusion and heat treatment can also give rise to the formation of new phases which can be removed more easily by an acid bath 19 (FIG. 4 ). -
FIG. 3 shows a component as shown inFIG. 2 , in which thediffusion agent 16 has completely diffused into thelayer 10 as a result of a heat treatment at a temperature T. Thelayer 10 represents thepartial area 28 that is to be removed, comprising not just regions that are more resistant to removal. Thediffusion agent 16 is made up of at least two components. At least one component of thediffusion agent 16 is, for example, metallic, such as for example aluminum. By way of example, cobalt represents a further metallic component. Other components may include silicon or carbon. - The method functions particularly well if cobalt and aluminum diffuse into the
partial area 28 as components of thediffusion agent 16. - In the example of an MCrAlY protective layer (M═Fe, Ni, Co), the γ′ phase is prevented from re-forming.
- On the other hand, enriching the MCrAlY layer with aluminum and/or cobalt causes γ and γ′ phase to be converted into an aluminum-rich β phase.
- The enrichment with the elements or the phase transformation described allows improved acid attack.
-
FIG. 4 shows two components which are arranged in anacid bath 19 or are exposed to an acid attack. - The component 1 or the layer system 14 and a
component 22 according to the prior art, on which the method according to the invention has not been carried out, havecorrosion products 4 and are exposed to the acid attack for the same time. -
FIG. 5 shows thecomponent 22 following the acid treatment. Thecomponent 22 still has acid-resistant regions 25 which have not been removed or have been removed to a lesser extent during the acid attack, resulting in nonuniform removal of a layer area of thecomponent 22. - By contrast,
FIG. 6 shows a component 1 or layer system 14 in which a layer area of the component I or thelayer 10 has been removed uniformly. - The diffusion of the
diffusion agent 16 has also enabled thepartial area 28 to become so brittle that thepartial area 28 can be removed by a mechanical treatment (sand blasting, ultrasound, dry ice blasting).
Claims (16)
1-12. (canceled)
13. A method for removing a partial layer area of a component, comprising:
removing the partial area by an acid treatment or a mechanical treatment;
diffusing a diffusion agent comprised of a first element and a second element into the partial area of the component; and
diffusing the first or second element of the diffusion agent into the component directly from a gas phase.
14. The method as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the component is comprised of a metal and a metal compound.
15. The method as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the component is comprised of a metal or a metal compound.
16. The method as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the second element of the diffusion agent is metallic.
17. The method as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the first or second element of the diffusion agent is aluminum.
18. The method as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the first or second element of the diffusion agent is cobalt.
19. The method as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the first element of the diffusion agent is aluminum and the second element of the diffusion agent is cobalt.
20. The method as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the diffusion agent is applied to a surface of the component.
21. The method as claimed in claim 20 , wherein the diffusion agent is applied by plasma spraying.
22. The method as claimed in claim 20 , wherein the diffusion agent is applied by evaporation coating.
23. The method as claimed in claim 20 , wherein the diffusion agent is applied by chemical vapor deposition.
24. The method as claimed in claim 20 , wherein the diffusion agent is applied by a pack method.
25. The method as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the diffusion causes a phase change in the component or partial area.
26. The method as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the partial area is an MCrAlY layer where M is an element iron, cobalt or nickel.
27. A method for removing a partial area of a component having a metal compound layer, comprising:
removing the partial area by an acid treatment or a mechanical treatment, a diffusion agent comprising two components diffusing into the partial area of the metal compound layer, and two components of the diffusion agent are metallic, and one component of the diffusion agent diffuses into the component directly from a gas phase.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02011965.7 | 2002-05-29 | ||
EP02011965A EP1367144A1 (en) | 2002-05-29 | 2002-05-29 | Process for removing portions of a metallic article |
PCT/EP2003/005573 WO2003100110A2 (en) | 2002-05-29 | 2003-05-27 | Method for removing at least one partial area of a component made of metal or a metallic compound |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20060112976A1 true US20060112976A1 (en) | 2006-06-01 |
Family
ID=29414719
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/516,085 Abandoned US20060112976A1 (en) | 2002-05-29 | 2003-05-27 | Method for removing at least one partial area of a component made of metal or a metallic compound |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060112976A1 (en) |
EP (2) | EP1367144A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003100110A2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20150370882A1 (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2015-12-24 | Amazon Technologies, Inc. | Use of dependency graphs to dynamically update n-dimensional cubes |
US10812551B1 (en) | 2014-06-20 | 2020-10-20 | Amazon Technologies, Inc. | Dynamic detection of data correlations based on realtime data |
US11868372B1 (en) | 2014-06-20 | 2024-01-09 | Amazon Technologies, Inc. | Automated hierarchy detection for cloud-based analytics |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1932954A1 (en) * | 2006-12-05 | 2008-06-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft, A German Corporation | Method for coating an element comprising openings |
Citations (10)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US3184292A (en) * | 1964-07-08 | 1965-05-18 | Du Pont | Process and composition for diffusion coating refractory metals and product produced thereby |
US4117179A (en) * | 1976-11-04 | 1978-09-26 | General Electric Company | Oxidation corrosion resistant superalloys and coatings |
US4965095A (en) * | 1979-03-30 | 1990-10-23 | Alloy Surfaces Company, Inc. | Method for refurbishing used jet engine hot section airfoils |
US6010746A (en) * | 1998-02-03 | 2000-01-04 | United Technologies Corporation | In-situ repair method for a turbomachinery component |
US6024792A (en) * | 1997-02-24 | 2000-02-15 | Sulzer Innotec Ag | Method for producing monocrystalline structures |
US6036995A (en) * | 1997-01-31 | 2000-03-14 | Sermatech International, Inc. | Method for removal of surface layers of metallic coatings |
US6042879A (en) * | 1997-07-02 | 2000-03-28 | United Technologies Corporation | Method for preparing an apertured article to be recoated |
US6217668B1 (en) * | 1991-07-29 | 2001-04-17 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Refurbishing of corroded superalloy or heat resistant steel parts |
US6569492B2 (en) * | 2000-06-05 | 2003-05-27 | Alstom Ltd | Process for repairing a coated component |
US20040244817A1 (en) * | 2001-10-01 | 2004-12-09 | Norbert Czech | Method for removing at least one area of a layer of a component consisting of metal or a metal compound |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB980727A (en) * | 1963-09-23 | 1965-01-20 | Coast Metals Inc | Method of applying metallic coatings |
GB2167773A (en) * | 1984-11-29 | 1986-06-04 | Secr Defence | Improvements in or relating to coating processes |
US6328810B1 (en) * | 1999-04-07 | 2001-12-11 | General Electric Company | Method for locally removing oxidation and corrosion product from the surface of turbine engine components |
US6533875B1 (en) * | 2000-10-20 | 2003-03-18 | General Electric Co. | Protecting a surface of a nickel-based article with a corrosion-resistant aluminum-alloy layer |
-
2002
- 2002-05-29 EP EP02011965A patent/EP1367144A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-05-27 WO PCT/EP2003/005573 patent/WO2003100110A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-05-27 US US10/516,085 patent/US20060112976A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-05-27 EP EP03735475A patent/EP1507882A2/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3184292A (en) * | 1964-07-08 | 1965-05-18 | Du Pont | Process and composition for diffusion coating refractory metals and product produced thereby |
US4117179A (en) * | 1976-11-04 | 1978-09-26 | General Electric Company | Oxidation corrosion resistant superalloys and coatings |
US4965095A (en) * | 1979-03-30 | 1990-10-23 | Alloy Surfaces Company, Inc. | Method for refurbishing used jet engine hot section airfoils |
US6217668B1 (en) * | 1991-07-29 | 2001-04-17 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Refurbishing of corroded superalloy or heat resistant steel parts |
US6036995A (en) * | 1997-01-31 | 2000-03-14 | Sermatech International, Inc. | Method for removal of surface layers of metallic coatings |
US6024792A (en) * | 1997-02-24 | 2000-02-15 | Sulzer Innotec Ag | Method for producing monocrystalline structures |
US6042879A (en) * | 1997-07-02 | 2000-03-28 | United Technologies Corporation | Method for preparing an apertured article to be recoated |
US6010746A (en) * | 1998-02-03 | 2000-01-04 | United Technologies Corporation | In-situ repair method for a turbomachinery component |
US6569492B2 (en) * | 2000-06-05 | 2003-05-27 | Alstom Ltd | Process for repairing a coated component |
US20040244817A1 (en) * | 2001-10-01 | 2004-12-09 | Norbert Czech | Method for removing at least one area of a layer of a component consisting of metal or a metal compound |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20150370882A1 (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2015-12-24 | Amazon Technologies, Inc. | Use of dependency graphs to dynamically update n-dimensional cubes |
US10776397B2 (en) | 2014-06-20 | 2020-09-15 | Amazon Technologies, Inc. | Data interest estimation for n-dimensional cube computations |
US10812551B1 (en) | 2014-06-20 | 2020-10-20 | Amazon Technologies, Inc. | Dynamic detection of data correlations based on realtime data |
US11868372B1 (en) | 2014-06-20 | 2024-01-09 | Amazon Technologies, Inc. | Automated hierarchy detection for cloud-based analytics |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2003100110A2 (en) | 2003-12-04 |
EP1507882A2 (en) | 2005-02-23 |
EP1367144A1 (en) | 2003-12-03 |
WO2003100110A3 (en) | 2004-03-04 |
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