US20060105642A1 - Boat propulsion system - Google Patents
Boat propulsion system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20060105642A1 US20060105642A1 US11/289,550 US28955005A US2006105642A1 US 20060105642 A1 US20060105642 A1 US 20060105642A1 US 28955005 A US28955005 A US 28955005A US 2006105642 A1 US2006105642 A1 US 2006105642A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- propulsion system
- coolant
- marine propulsion
- circuit
- cryostat
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K55/00—Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures
- H02K55/02—Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures of the synchronous type
- H02K55/04—Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures of the synchronous type with rotating field windings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
- B63H21/12—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven
- B63H21/17—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven by electric motor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H23/00—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements
- B63H23/22—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with non-mechanical gearing
- B63H23/24—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with non-mechanical gearing electric
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H25/00—Steering; Slowing-down otherwise than by use of propulsive elements; Dynamic anchoring, i.e. positioning vessels by means of main or auxiliary propulsive elements
- B63H25/42—Steering or dynamic anchoring by propulsive elements; Steering or dynamic anchoring by propellers used therefor only; Steering or dynamic anchoring by rudders carrying propellers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H5/00—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water
- B63H5/07—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers
- B63H5/125—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers movably mounted with respect to hull, e.g. adjustable in direction, e.g. podded azimuthing thrusters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
- B63J2/00—Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
- B63J2/02—Ventilation; Air-conditioning
- B63J2/06—Ventilation; Air-conditioning of engine rooms
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
- F01P3/12—Arrangements for cooling other engine or machine parts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/08—Mounting arrangements for vessels
- F17C13/086—Mounting arrangements for vessels for Dewar vessels or cryostats
- F17C13/087—Mounting arrangements for vessels for Dewar vessels or cryostats used for superconducting phenomena
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/14—Structural association with mechanical loads, e.g. with hand-held machine tools or fans
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H5/00—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water
- B63H5/07—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers
- B63H5/125—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers movably mounted with respect to hull, e.g. adjustable in direction, e.g. podded azimuthing thrusters
- B63H2005/1254—Podded azimuthing thrusters, i.e. podded thruster units arranged inboard for rotation about vertical axis
- B63H2005/1258—Podded azimuthing thrusters, i.e. podded thruster units arranged inboard for rotation about vertical axis with electric power transmission to propellers, i.e. with integrated electric propeller motors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
- B63H21/12—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven
- B63H21/17—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven by electric motor
- B63H2021/173—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven by electric motor making use of superconductivity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
- F01P3/22—Liquid cooling characterised by evaporation and condensation of coolant in closed cycles; characterised by the coolant reaching higher temperatures than normal atmospheric boiling-point
- F01P2003/2278—Heat pipes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P2050/00—Applications
- F01P2050/02—Marine engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0391—Thermal insulations by vacuum
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/068—Special properties of materials for vessel walls
- F17C2203/0687—Special properties of materials for vessel walls superconducting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
- F17C2205/0153—Details of mounting arrangements
- F17C2205/0176—Details of mounting arrangements with ventilation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/05—Applications for industrial use
- F17C2270/0509—"Dewar" vessels
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
- Y02T70/50—Measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions related to the propulsion system
Definitions
- the invention generally relates to a marine or boat propulsion system, having at least one vessel propeller.
- it includes at least one electric motor, by which the at least one vessel propeller can be driven, and a converter-fed electrical power supply, by which the at least one electric motor can be supplied with electric power.
- It further preferably has at least one drive machine and at least one generator which can be driven by it.
- the at least one electric motor and the at least one generator for supplying electrical power are preferably in the form of three-phase synchronous machines.
- Diesel/electric marine propulsion systems are known, whose power supply has synchronous generators which are accommodated at some suitable point in the vessel's hull, and which themselves feed converter-fed synchronous or else asynchronous motors.
- the electric motors which drive the vessel propellers may, for example, be arranged as in-board motors, and may drive the vessel propellers via shaft systems.
- pod propulsion systems which have a synchronous motor with permanent-magnet excitation, arranged in a motor gondola which can be rotated.
- the motor gondola is arranged outside the vessel's hull and may have one or two vessel screws.
- the heat losses from the electric motor are in this case dissipated solely by the external surface of the motor gondola to the sea water.
- the asynchronous motors and generators have air/water heat exchangers.
- JP 63217969 and JP 04304159 disclose marine propulsion systems for two vessel propellers including an associated so-called “homopolar motor”, which comprises two disc rotors or cylindrical rotors through which direct current flows in opposite directions via brushes, and in which a torque is produced in the field of a superconducting coil.
- homopolar motor which comprises two disc rotors or cylindrical rotors through which direct current flows in opposite directions via brushes, and in which a torque is produced in the field of a superconducting coil.
- An embodiment of the invention is based on an object of further-developing the marine propulsion system such that it can be designed to be at least one of more space-saving, more weight-saving, and/or to be more efficient.
- an object may be achieved in that the at least one electric motor (which is in the form of a three-phase synchronous machine) and/or the at least one generator (which is in the form of a three-phase synchronous machine) for supplying electrical power have/has a rotating field winding composed of HTSL (high-temperature superconductor) wire. Further, each rotating field winding composed of HTSL wire is arranged in a cryostat, which is vacuum-insulated and can be cryogenically cooled by means of the rotating field winding composed of HTSL wire to a temperature between 15 and 77 K.
- HTSL high-temperature superconductor
- the ratio between the diameter of the motor housing and the propeller external diameter in the case of the marine propulsion system according to an embodiment of the invention can be reduced to 30%, in comparison to 35 to 40% with the prior art. In comparison to marine propulsion systems which are known from the prior art and which weigh, for example, about 310 t in total, this weight can be reduced to 100 to 200 t by using the marine propulsion system according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the efficiency of the electric motor for the marine propulsion system can be increased to 99% in comparison to 97.5% in the case of marine propulsion systems as known from the prior art.
- the considerable reductions in the physical volume and the total weight which amount to a factor of approximately two or more, lead either to the usable volume in the hull of the vessel being increased, or allow the hull of the vessel to be designed to be smaller for the same usable volume.
- the machine bases may be designed to be less complex, thus resulting in considerable financial advantages. Since the excitation is produced without any power consumption, the efficiency is better, and the cooling complexity is reduced.
- the at least one electric motor (which is in the form of a three-phase synchronous machine) and/or the at least one generator (which is in the form of a three-phase synchronous machine) for supplying electrical power have/has an air gap three-phase winding composed of loomed copper conductors, which is arranged in an annular gap between a rotor and a laminated magnetic iron yoke.
- this stator air gap winding no iron teeth are provided as a source of noise, so that the electric motors and the generators run more quietly.
- the reduced weight of the rotor makes it possible to considerably reduce the vibration that occurs.
- the low synchronous reactance results in a very high short-term torque and stalling torque.
- An air gap of between 5 and 50 mm, which is larger than that with the prior art, is permissible between the rotor and the stator.
- the assembly process is considerably simplified, since wider tolerances are permissible for shaft bending, twisting due to vessel propeller forces, etc.
- the HTSL wire of the rotating field winding prefferably be formed from multifilament ribbon conductors Bi2 Ba2 Sr2 Cu3 Ox or Bi2 Ba2 SrCu2 Ox in a silver or silver-alloy matrix, of YBa2 Cu3 Ox as a thin film on steel strip, nickel strip, strip composed of an alloy containing nickel, silver strip or an MgB2 superconductor.
- the rotor which has the rotating field winding composed of HTSL wire
- the at least one electric motor or generator which is in the form of a three-phase synchronous machine
- each cryostat can be supplied with coolant by way of a coolant circuit.
- each cryostat can advantageously be supplied with coolant by at least two redundant coolant circuits.
- Cold helium or hydrogen gas is expediently provided as the coolant in the coolant circuit between a cold head and a transfer coupling to the cryostat.
- the coolant circuit between a cold head and a transfer coupling to the cryostat may be designed on the cryo heatpipe principle, in which case the transfer coupling is then supplied with liquid coolant, such as liquid neon, liquid hydrogen, liquid nitrogen or a liquefied gas mixture, and vaporized coolant is fed back to the cold head.
- liquid coolant such as liquid neon, liquid hydrogen, liquid nitrogen or a liquefied gas mixture
- each coolant circuit can be operated in a simple manner by way of a closed-cycle compressed-gas circuit.
- the cooling for the compressed-gas circuit for the cold head can once again be provided by way of a central cooling water supply, sea water, or indirectly by way of a heat exchanging device, which is itself thermally connected to outer surfaces of the vessel over which sea water washes.
- the marine propulsion system according to an embodiment of the invention is in the form of a pod propulsion system, with the at least one electric motor, which is in the form of a three-phase synchronous machine and has the rotating field winding composed of HTSL wire, is accommodated in a motor gondola which is arranged outside the vessel hull.
- the external diameter of the at least one electric motor may be less than 32% of the external diameter of the vessel propeller by virtue of the high power density which can be achieved in this way. This makes it possible to considerably improve the hydraulic efficiency of the pod propulsion system designed according to an embodiment of the invention, in comparison to the prior art.
- each coolant circuit is arranged in an azimuth module (which can be rotated) of the pod propulsion system, it is easily accessible, and in which case, furthermore, there is no need for rotating couplings.
- each coolant circuit may be arranged in a strut module of the pod propulsion system, in which case it is also possible to achieve easy accessibility to the cooling system, in a maintenance-friendly manner.
- a further improvement in accessibility and thus in maintenance-friendliness of the cooling apparatus may be achieved. This can be achieved if the compressed-gas circuit is arranged together with the cold head on or within the azimuth module (which can be rotated) of the pod propulsion system.
- the operational reliability of the pod propulsion system designed as described above can be increased if the cryostat of the single electric motor which is arranged in the motor gondola of the pod propulsion system can be supplied with coolant by use of two coolant circuits, each of which has an associated cold head. These two coolant circuits, which are designed as described above, are then mutually redundant with respect to the cooling of the cryostat.
- two co-rotating or contra-rotating (counter-rotating) vessel propellers are provided on the motor gondola of the pod propulsion system, each of which is associated with one of two independent electric motors which are arranged in the motor gondola and whose two rotors are arranged in, in each case, one cryostat, it is advantageously possible to achieve greater redundancy for the same volume as that for pod propulsion systems known from the prior art, with the capability for the two vessel propellers to contra-rotate making it possible to achieve better hydrodynamic efficiency.
- the two cryostats In order to improve the operational reliability of the two electric motors which are arranged in the motor gondola, it is advantageous for the two cryostats to be connected to in each case one cold head via a respective coolant circuit.
- the configuration of the cooling device can be simplified if the two cryostats are connected via a respective coolant circuit to a single cold head, which is shared by them.
- Each cold head advantageously has a respective associated compressed-gas circuit.
- the compressed-gas circuit may, for example, be cooled down by way of an integrated sea-water cooling circuit.
- each compressed-gas circuit may be cooled down by way of an integrated fresh-water circuit, with a gas/water heat exchanger being provided for heat transmission from the compressed-gas circuit to the integrated fresh-water circuit.
- the heat dissipation from the integrated fresh-water circuit can be achieved in a simple manner by this circuit having a further heat exchanger, by which it is thermally connected to sea water.
- the transfer of the thermal energy from the integrated fresh-water circuit into the surrounding sea water can be achieved in a physically/technically less complex manner and nevertheless very effectively, by arranging the further heat exchanger for the integrated fresh-water circuit close to the wall of the strut module of the pod propulsion system, so that it can be cooled down by way of sea water via this wall.
- each compressed-gas circuit is equipped with an integrated gas/water heat exchanger, which is itself arranged close to the wall of the strut module of the pod propulsion system, is thermally connected to the latter, and can be cooled via the latter by way of sea water. This allows the amount of heat from the compressed-gas circuit to be emitted directly to the sea water without the interposition of further circuits.
- the cold head or heads is or are arranged in the strut module, and the compressed-gas circuit or circuits is or are arranged in or on the azimuth module (which can be rotated) of the pod propulsion system.
- the cold head or heads may be arranged in the motor gondola of the pod propulsion system close to the transfer coupling or couplings and the compressed-gas circuit or circuits is or are arranged in or on the azimuth module (which can be rotated) of the pod propulsion system.
- the at least one electric motor which is in the form of a three-phase synchronous machine and has the rotating field winding composed of HTSL wire, to be accommodated in a propeller shaft pipe on one deck of the vessel.
- the at least one electric motor which is in the form of a three-phase synchronous machine and has the rotating field winding composed of HTSL wire, may be arranged as an in-board motor, by which the vessel propeller associated with it is driven via a shaft system.
- the electrical power supply for the marine propulsion system can advantageously be formed by a drive machine and a generator, whose cryostat, which holds its rotating field winding, together with the cryostat of the electric motor can be supplied with coolant by use of a coolant circuit which is shared by the two cryostats.
- cryostat for the generator together with the cryostat for the electric motor, with coolant by way of two mutually redundant cooling circuits which are shared by the two cryostats.
- each coolant circuit In order to provide a coolant supply by the force of gravity in a simple manner, it is expedient for the cold head of each coolant circuit to be arranged in the vertical direction above that cryostat which is arranged at the highest point in the vertical direction and is supplied from this coolant circuit.
- each electric motor which has its own coolant supply, in the motor gondola of the pod propulsion system is provided with its own electrical power supply.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross-section illustration of a first embodiment of a marine propulsion system according to the invention in the form of a pod propulsion system;
- FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section illustration of a second embodiment of the marine propulsion system according to the invention in the form of a pod propulsion system
- FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section illustration of a third embodiment of the marine propulsion system according to the invention in the form of a pod propulsion system
- FIG. 4 shows a longitudinal section illustration of a fourth embodiment of the marine propulsion system according to the invention in the form of a pod propulsion system
- FIG. 5 shows a longitudinal section illustration of a fifth embodiment of the marine propulsion system according to the invention in the form of a pod propulsion system
- FIG. 6 shows a longitudinal section illustration of a sixth embodiment of the marine propulsion system according to the invention in the form of a pod propulsion system
- FIG. 7 shows a cross-section illustration of the sixth embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6 , of the marine propulsion system according to the invention in the form of a pod propulsion system;
- FIG. 8 shows a longitudinal section illustration of a marine propulsion system according to the invention arranged in a propeller shaft pipe at the stern of the ship;
- FIG. 9 shows a longitudinal view of a further embodiment of the marine propulsion system according to the invention arranged in the propeller shaft pipe at the stern of the ship;
- FIG. 10 shows a longitudinal view of a marine propulsion system according to the invention, equipped with an in-board motor.
- a first embodiment (which is illustrated in the form of a cross section in FIG. 1 ) of a marine propulsion system according to the invention in the form of a pod propulsion system 1 has a motor gondola 2 which is arranged underneath the hull 3 of the vessel, and which is illustrated by dashed lines and only partially in FIGS. 1 to 7 .
- the pod propulsion system 1 has an azimuth module 4 , which is firmly connected to the motor gondola by way of a strut module 5 through the hull 3 of the vessel.
- the pod propulsion system 1 can be rotated about a vertical axis with respect to the hull 3 of the vessel, as can be seen from the circular arrows 6 in FIGS. 2 to 6 .
- the pod propulsion system 1 as shown in FIG. 1 has an electric motor 7 arranged within the motor gondola 2 .
- a vessel propeller 8 which is arranged at the rear end of the motor gondola 2 such that it can rotate, is driven by means of this electric motor 7 .
- the electric motor 7 (which is in the form of a three-phase synchronous machine) has an 8-pole rotor 9 , which is equipped with a rotating field winding 10 composed of HTSL (high-temperature superconductor) wire.
- HTSL high-temperature superconductor
- This HTSL wire may be formed from multifilament ribbon conductors Bi2 Ba2 Sr2 Cu3 Ox or Bi2 Ba2 Sr Cu2 Ox in a silver or silver-alloy matrix, of YBa2 Cu3 Ox as a thin film on steel strip, nickel strip, silver strip or an MgB2 superconductor.
- the electric motor 7 (which is in the form of a three-phase synchronous machine) furthermore has an air gap three-phase or stator winding 11 composed of loomed copper conductors, which is arranged in an annular gap 12 between the 8-pole rotor 9 (which is equipped with the rotating field winding 10 composed of HTSL wire) and a laminated magnetic iron yoke 13 .
- the 8-pole rotor 9 which has the rotating field winding 10 composed of HTSL wire is held within a cryostat 14 , which is designed to be vacuum-insulated and can be cryogenically cooled by means of the rotating field winding 10 composed of HTSL wire to a temperature between 15 and 77 K.
- the cryostat 14 is included in a coolant circuit 16 via a transfer coupling 15 which is arranged coaxially with respect to the longitudinal center axis of the 8-pole rotor 9 .
- a cold head 17 is integrated in the coolant circuit 16 and is cooled on the basis of the Gifford-MacMahon, Stirling or Pulsetube principle by means of a compressed-gas circuit 18 , which includes a compressor 19 and a gas/water heat exchanger or cooler 20 .
- the coolant circuit 16 which is provided by the cold head 17 on the one hand and the rotor-side or cryostat-side transfer coupling 15 on the other hand, may carry cold helium or hydrogen gas as the coolant. Furthermore, the coolant circuit 16 may be designed on the cryo heatpipe principle, in which case it is then supplied as the liquid coolant with liquid neon, liquid hydrogen, liquid nitrogen or a liquefied gas mixture to the cryostat 14 and to the transfer coupling 15 , and feeds back vaporized neon, vaporized hydrogen, vaporized nitrogen or a vaporized gas mixture from the cryostat 14 and from the transfer coupling 15 to the cold head 17 .
- the compressed-gas circuit 18 including the cold head 17 is, in the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 , accommodated in an easily accessible manner on or within the azimuth module 4 (which can be rotated) of the pod propulsion system 1 , so that there is no need for rotary couplings.
- An embodiment of the pod propulsion system 1 shown in the form of a longitudinal section in FIG. 2 , has two mutually independent electric motors 21 , 22 , by which two vessel propellers 23 , 24 are driven, which are mounted such that they can rotate at the front end and rear end of the motor gondola 2 .
- the vessel propellers 23 , 24 may be oriented such that they contra-rotate.
- FIG. 2 also shows the two three-phase supply lines 25 , 26 for the two electric motors 21 , 22 .
- Each electric motor 21 , 22 has a separate cryostat 27 , 28 .
- Each cryostat 27 , 28 is connected via transfer couplings 15 to a coolant circuit 29 , 30 , with a respective cold head 31 or 32 being arranged in the respective coolant circuit 29 or 30 .
- Each respective cold head 31 or 32 is in turn associated with a respective compressed-gas circuit 33 or 34 .
- the two compressed-gas circuits 33 , 34 are arranged in the azimuth 111 module 4 , and the two cold heads 31 , 32 are arranged in the strut module 5 of the pod propulsion system 1 , so that they are easily accessible and are maintenance-friendly.
- the provision of two electric motors 21 , 22 whose 8-pole rotors 9 are supplied with coolant independently of one another results in better availability of the pod propulsion system 1 in comparison to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 2 shows only a single converter supply, which supplies both electric motors 21 , 22 at the same time.
- FIG. 3 shows a modified form of the pod propulsion system 1 as shown in FIG. 2 , in the form of a longitudinal section, in which the cryostats 27 , 28 of the two electric motors 21 , 22 are supplied with coolant by way of the two coolant circuits 29 , 30 .
- the two coolant circuits 29 , 30 are however, in contrast to FIG. 2 , connected to a cold head 35 which is shared by them and is arranged close to the two transfer couplings 15 of the cryostats 27 , 29 in the motor gondola 2 of the pod propulsion system 1 .
- the cold head 35 is itself cooled by a compressed-gas circuit 36 , whose major components are arranged in or fitted to the azimuth module 4 of the pod propulsion system 1 .
- the compressed-gas circuit 36 is cooled by use of an integrated sea-water cooling circuit 37 , which extracts thermal energy from the compressed-gas circuit 36 via a heat exchanger unit 38 .
- the major components of the integrated sea-water cooling circuit 37 are also arranged in or on the azimuth module 4 of the pod propulsion system 1 .
- the components which are provided for supplying coolant circuits 29 , 30 which are associated with the cryostats 27 , 28 may also be designed in redundant or duplicated form in order to improve the operational reliability, as shown in the embodiment in FIG. 3 .
- the cold head 35 is also arranged in the motor gondola 2 , close to the transfer couplings 15 which are arranged coaxially with respect to the rotor axis 39 of the rotors 9 of the two electric motors 21 , 22 .
- the compressed-gas circuit 36 which is associated with the cold head 35 , is cooled down by means of a gas/water heat exchanger 40 , which is arranged in the compressed-gas circuit 36 and is also a component of an integrated fresh-water circuit 41 .
- the integrated fresh-water circuit 41 is cooled by way of a further heat exchanger 42 , which is thermally connected to the wall 43 of the strut module 5 of the pod propulsion system 1 .
- the further heat exchanger 42 in the integrated fresh-water circuit 41 is thus cooled down by use of sea water through the wall 43 of the strut module 5 of the pod propulsion system 1 .
- the major components both of the compressed-gas circuit 36 and of the integrated fresh-water circuit 41 are arranged in a maintenance-friendly manner in the azimuth module 4 of the pod propulsion system 1 , while in contrast the cold head 35 is, as already mentioned above, seated in the motor gondola 2 of the pod propulsion system 1 .
- two cold heads 35 may be provided, each of which is associated with a respective one of the two electric motors 21 , 22 , and both of which may be cooled down by way of the compressed-gas circuit 36 .
- the pod propulsion system 1 which is shown in FIG. 5 has an electric motor 7 which drives the single vessel propeller 8 of the pod propulsion system 1 , and occupies virtually the entire interior (whose diameter is constant) of the motor gondola 2 of the pod propulsion system 1 .
- the length of the motor gondola 2 is made better use of for installation of a higher motor power.
- the cryostat 14 of the electric motor 7 is connected by way of the transfer coupling 15 to two coolant circuits 44 , 45 , which are based on the cryo heatpipe principle, and which have a respectively associated cold head 46 and 47 .
- the two cold heads 46 , 47 are arranged in the azimuth module 4 of the pod propulsion system, and are cooled down by way of compressed-gas circuits 33 , 34 , which are likewise provided in the azimuth module 4 of the pod propulsion system 1 .
- the redundancy which is provided by the duplicated form of the components which are provided for cooling of the electric motor 7 improves the operational reliability of the pod propulsion system 1 .
- the cryostat 14 of the single electric motor 7 which is arranged in the motor gondola 2 is supplied with coolant from a coolant circuit 16 by the transfer coupling 15 .
- the cold head 17 which is associated with the coolant circuit 16 , is arranged in the strut module 5 in the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 , and is arranged in the azimuth module 4 of the pod propulsion system 1 in the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 .
- the cold head 17 is cooled down by means of a compressed-gas circuit 18 , with an integrated gas/water heat exchanger 48 being used to extract heat from this compressed-gas circuit 18 .
- This gas/water heat exchanger 48 is arranged on the wall 43 of the strut module 5 , as can be seen in particular in FIG. 7 .
- This gas/water heat exchanger 48 is thermally connected in a corresponding manner to the wall 43 of the strut module 5 , and thus to the sea water surrounding the strut module 5 .
- the compressed-gas circuit is cooled down directly by the sea water, in which case the heat exchanger pipe runs 49 in the gas/water heat exchanger 48 can be arranged directly against the wall 43 of the strut module 5 .
- an electric motor 7 for the marine propulsion system is arranged fixed in a propeller shaft pipe 51 , which is formed at the stern 50 of the vessel.
- the cryostat 14 of the electric motor 7 is connected by way of the transfer coupling 15 to two coolant circuits 44 , 45 , which have a respective cold head 46 , 47 .
- the two cold heads 46 , 47 are respectively cooled down by a compressed-gas circuit 33 , 34 .
- the cooling of the cryostat 14 of the electric motor 7 is thus redundant.
- FIG. 9 shows a power generating system with a generator 52 , which is driven by a drive machine in the form of an internal combustion engine 53 .
- the generator 52 has a rotor, which is not illustrated in detail in the figures, with a rotating field winding composed of HTSL wire, with the cryostat for the generator 52 being supplied with coolant in a redundant manner both by the coolant circuit 44 and by the coolant circuit 45 , as can be seen in FIG. 9 .
- the generator 52 and the electric motor 7 by way of a single coolant circuit and the associated system parts.
- the cold heads 46 , 47 which are shown in FIG. 9 are arranged on a higher deck than the load that is arranged at the highest point, so that the coolant can be supplied by the force of gravity via the coolant circuits 44 , 45 , which are designed on the basis of the cryo heatpipe principle.
- coolant circuits 44 , 45 may also be in the form of separate liquid and cold-gas lines.
- the electric motor 7 is in the form of an in-board motor, on the output side driving a shaft system 54 , which itself rotates the vessel propeller 8 .
- An internal combustion engine 53 is provided as the drive machine for the marine propulsion system, drives the generator 52 , and may be in the form of a diesel engine, a gas turbine or a steam turbine.
- the generator 52 and the electric motor 7 each have a rotor with a rotating field winding composed of HTSL wire.
- the two cryostats of the generator 52 and of the electric motor 7 are supplied with coolant by way of a coolant circuit 16 , with the cold head 17 in the coolant circuit 16 being cooled down by way of the compressed-gas circuit 18 .
- the cold head 17 is arranged above the highest coolant load, so that—as in the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 9 —the coolant can be supplied by the force of gravity.
- a drive stage (equipped with two electric motors of the HTSL type) for a pod propulsion system 1 has a rating of 20 MW at 130 rpm.
- the available rotation speed range is between 70 and 160 rpm.
- the external diameter of the vessel propeller is 6250 mm.
- the external diameter of the motor housing and of the motor gondola of the pod propulsion system is 30% of the external diameter of the vessel propeller.
- the overall length of the pod propulsion system is approximately 11 000 mm.
- the vessel propeller torque is approximately 1480 kNm.
- the weight of the entire system is approximately 100 to 200 t, with the efficiency of the motor stage being approximately 99%.
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Abstract
A marine propulsion system may include at least one electric motor and a converter-fed electrical power supply. The at least one electric motor may be arranged in a propeller shaft pipe at a stern of a vessel for driving at least one vessel propeller, and may include at least one drive machine for driving at least one generator.
Description
- This application is continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/497,171 filed on May 28, 2004, which is the national phase under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of PCT International Application No. PCT/DE02/04284 having an International filing date of Nov. 21, 2002, which designated the United States of America and which claims priority on German Patent Application number DE 101 58 758.9 filed Nov. 29, 2001, the entire contents of all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- The invention generally relates to a marine or boat propulsion system, having at least one vessel propeller. Preferably, it includes at least one electric motor, by which the at least one vessel propeller can be driven, and a converter-fed electrical power supply, by which the at least one electric motor can be supplied with electric power. It further preferably has at least one drive machine and at least one generator which can be driven by it. The at least one electric motor and the at least one generator for supplying electrical power are preferably in the form of three-phase synchronous machines.
- Diesel/electric marine propulsion systems are known, whose power supply has synchronous generators which are accommodated at some suitable point in the vessel's hull, and which themselves feed converter-fed synchronous or else asynchronous motors. The electric motors which drive the vessel propellers may, for example, be arranged as in-board motors, and may drive the vessel propellers via shaft systems.
- Furthermore, pod propulsion systems are known, which have a synchronous motor with permanent-magnet excitation, arranged in a motor gondola which can be rotated. The motor gondola is arranged outside the vessel's hull and may have one or two vessel screws. The heat losses from the electric motor are in this case dissipated solely by the external surface of the motor gondola to the sea water. The asynchronous motors and generators have air/water heat exchangers.
- Furthermore, JP 63217969 and JP 04304159 disclose marine propulsion systems for two vessel propellers including an associated so-called “homopolar motor”, which comprises two disc rotors or cylindrical rotors through which direct current flows in opposite directions via brushes, and in which a torque is produced in the field of a superconducting coil.
- An embodiment of the invention is based on an object of further-developing the marine propulsion system such that it can be designed to be at least one of more space-saving, more weight-saving, and/or to be more efficient.
- According to an embodiment of the invention, an object may be achieved in that the at least one electric motor (which is in the form of a three-phase synchronous machine) and/or the at least one generator (which is in the form of a three-phase synchronous machine) for supplying electrical power have/has a rotating field winding composed of HTSL (high-temperature superconductor) wire. Further, each rotating field winding composed of HTSL wire is arranged in a cryostat, which is vacuum-insulated and can be cryogenically cooled by means of the rotating field winding composed of HTSL wire to a temperature between 15 and 77 K.
- Without significantly changing the power levels and rotation speed values with pod marine propulsion systems as known from the prior art and the marine propulsion system according to an embodiment of the invention, the ratio between the diameter of the motor housing and the propeller external diameter in the case of the marine propulsion system according to an embodiment of the invention can be reduced to 30%, in comparison to 35 to 40% with the prior art. In comparison to marine propulsion systems which are known from the prior art and which weigh, for example, about 310 t in total, this weight can be reduced to 100 to 200 t by using the marine propulsion system according to an embodiment of the invention.
- Furthermore, the efficiency of the electric motor for the marine propulsion system according to an embodiment of the invention can be increased to 99% in comparison to 97.5% in the case of marine propulsion systems as known from the prior art. The considerable reductions in the physical volume and the total weight, which amount to a factor of approximately two or more, lead either to the usable volume in the hull of the vessel being increased, or allow the hull of the vessel to be designed to be smaller for the same usable volume. The machine bases may be designed to be less complex, thus resulting in considerable financial advantages. Since the excitation is produced without any power consumption, the efficiency is better, and the cooling complexity is reduced.
- According to one advantageous embodiment of the marine propulsion system according to the invention, the at least one electric motor (which is in the form of a three-phase synchronous machine) and/or the at least one generator (which is in the form of a three-phase synchronous machine) for supplying electrical power have/has an air gap three-phase winding composed of loomed copper conductors, which is arranged in an annular gap between a rotor and a laminated magnetic iron yoke. In the case of this stator air gap winding, no iron teeth are provided as a source of noise, so that the electric motors and the generators run more quietly.
- The reduced weight of the rotor makes it possible to considerably reduce the vibration that occurs. The low synchronous reactance results in a very high short-term torque and stalling torque. An air gap of between 5 and 50 mm, which is larger than that with the prior art, is permissible between the rotor and the stator. The assembly process is considerably simplified, since wider tolerances are permissible for shaft bending, twisting due to vessel propeller forces, etc.
- It has been found to be particularly advantageous for the HTSL wire of the rotating field winding to be formed from multifilament ribbon conductors Bi2 Ba2 Sr2 Cu3 Ox or Bi2 Ba2 SrCu2 Ox in a silver or silver-alloy matrix, of YBa2 Cu3 Ox as a thin film on steel strip, nickel strip, strip composed of an alloy containing nickel, silver strip or an MgB2 superconductor.
- In order to achieve electric motors of the HTSL type with external diameters which are as small as possible, it is expedient for the rotor (which has the rotating field winding composed of HTSL wire) of the at least one electric motor or generator (which is in the form of a three-phase synchronous machine) to have 6 to 12 poles, and preferably 8 poles.
- According to one development of the marine propulsion system according to an embodiment of the invention, each cryostat can be supplied with coolant by way of a coolant circuit.
- In order to improve the operational reliability of the cooling apparatus, each cryostat can advantageously be supplied with coolant by at least two redundant coolant circuits.
- Cold helium or hydrogen gas is expediently provided as the coolant in the coolant circuit between a cold head and a transfer coupling to the cryostat.
- Alternatively, the coolant circuit between a cold head and a transfer coupling to the cryostat may be designed on the cryo heatpipe principle, in which case the transfer coupling is then supplied with liquid coolant, such as liquid neon, liquid hydrogen, liquid nitrogen or a liquefied gas mixture, and vaporized coolant is fed back to the cold head.
- The cold head of each coolant circuit can be operated in a simple manner by way of a closed-cycle compressed-gas circuit.
- The cooling for the compressed-gas circuit for the cold head can once again be provided by way of a central cooling water supply, sea water, or indirectly by way of a heat exchanging device, which is itself thermally connected to outer surfaces of the vessel over which sea water washes.
- If the marine propulsion system according to an embodiment of the invention is in the form of a pod propulsion system, with the at least one electric motor, which is in the form of a three-phase synchronous machine and has the rotating field winding composed of HTSL wire, is accommodated in a motor gondola which is arranged outside the vessel hull. The external diameter of the at least one electric motor may be less than 32% of the external diameter of the vessel propeller by virtue of the high power density which can be achieved in this way. This makes it possible to considerably improve the hydraulic efficiency of the pod propulsion system designed according to an embodiment of the invention, in comparison to the prior art.
- If the cold head of each coolant circuit is arranged in an azimuth module (which can be rotated) of the pod propulsion system, it is easily accessible, and in which case, furthermore, there is no need for rotating couplings.
- Alternatively, the cold head of each coolant circuit may be arranged in a strut module of the pod propulsion system, in which case it is also possible to achieve easy accessibility to the cooling system, in a maintenance-friendly manner.
- Furthermore, when appropriate requirements exist, it is possible to arrange the cold head of each coolant circuit in the motor gondola of the pod propulsion system close to the transfer coupling via which coolant can be introduced into the cryostat which holds the rotating field winding composed of HTSL wire.
- A further improvement in accessibility and thus in maintenance-friendliness of the cooling apparatus may be achieved. This can be achieved if the compressed-gas circuit is arranged together with the cold head on or within the azimuth module (which can be rotated) of the pod propulsion system.
- The operational reliability of the pod propulsion system designed as described above can be increased if the cryostat of the single electric motor which is arranged in the motor gondola of the pod propulsion system can be supplied with coolant by use of two coolant circuits, each of which has an associated cold head. These two coolant circuits, which are designed as described above, are then mutually redundant with respect to the cooling of the cryostat.
- If two co-rotating or contra-rotating (counter-rotating) vessel propellers are provided on the motor gondola of the pod propulsion system, each of which is associated with one of two independent electric motors which are arranged in the motor gondola and whose two rotors are arranged in, in each case, one cryostat, it is advantageously possible to achieve greater redundancy for the same volume as that for pod propulsion systems known from the prior art, with the capability for the two vessel propellers to contra-rotate making it possible to achieve better hydrodynamic efficiency.
- In order to improve the operational reliability of the two electric motors which are arranged in the motor gondola, it is advantageous for the two cryostats to be connected to in each case one cold head via a respective coolant circuit.
- The configuration of the cooling device can be simplified if the two cryostats are connected via a respective coolant circuit to a single cold head, which is shared by them.
- Each cold head advantageously has a respective associated compressed-gas circuit.
- The compressed-gas circuit may, for example, be cooled down by way of an integrated sea-water cooling circuit.
- Alternatively, each compressed-gas circuit may be cooled down by way of an integrated fresh-water circuit, with a gas/water heat exchanger being provided for heat transmission from the compressed-gas circuit to the integrated fresh-water circuit.
- The heat dissipation from the integrated fresh-water circuit can be achieved in a simple manner by this circuit having a further heat exchanger, by which it is thermally connected to sea water.
- The transfer of the thermal energy from the integrated fresh-water circuit into the surrounding sea water can be achieved in a physically/technically less complex manner and nevertheless very effectively, by arranging the further heat exchanger for the integrated fresh-water circuit close to the wall of the strut module of the pod propulsion system, so that it can be cooled down by way of sea water via this wall.
- Furthermore, if appropriate requirements exist, a refinement may be advantageous in which each compressed-gas circuit is equipped with an integrated gas/water heat exchanger, which is itself arranged close to the wall of the strut module of the pod propulsion system, is thermally connected to the latter, and can be cooled via the latter by way of sea water. This allows the amount of heat from the compressed-gas circuit to be emitted directly to the sea water without the interposition of further circuits.
- In a further advantageous embodiment of the marine propulsion system according to an embodiment of the invention, the cold head or heads is or are arranged in the strut module, and the compressed-gas circuit or circuits is or are arranged in or on the azimuth module (which can be rotated) of the pod propulsion system.
- Alternatively, the cold head or heads may be arranged in the motor gondola of the pod propulsion system close to the transfer coupling or couplings and the compressed-gas circuit or circuits is or are arranged in or on the azimuth module (which can be rotated) of the pod propulsion system.
- Instead of the marine propulsion system according to an embodiment of the invention being in the form of a pod propulsion system, it is also possible for the at least one electric motor, which is in the form of a three-phase synchronous machine and has the rotating field winding composed of HTSL wire, to be accommodated in a propeller shaft pipe on one deck of the vessel.
- Furthermore, the at least one electric motor, which is in the form of a three-phase synchronous machine and has the rotating field winding composed of HTSL wire, may be arranged as an in-board motor, by which the vessel propeller associated with it is driven via a shaft system.
- The electrical power supply for the marine propulsion system can advantageously be formed by a drive machine and a generator, whose cryostat, which holds its rotating field winding, together with the cryostat of the electric motor can be supplied with coolant by use of a coolant circuit which is shared by the two cryostats.
- In order to improve the operational reliability of the marine propulsion system, it is expedient to be possible to supply the cryostat for the generator, together with the cryostat for the electric motor, with coolant by way of two mutually redundant cooling circuits which are shared by the two cryostats.
- In order to provide a coolant supply by the force of gravity in a simple manner, it is expedient for the cold head of each coolant circuit to be arranged in the vertical direction above that cryostat which is arranged at the highest point in the vertical direction and is supplied from this coolant circuit.
- According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, each electric motor, which has its own coolant supply, in the motor gondola of the pod propulsion system is provided with its own electrical power supply.
- Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become evident from the description of illustrated embodiments given hereinbelow and the accompanying drawings, which are given by way of illustration only and thus are not limitative of the present invention, wherein:
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FIG. 1 shows a cross-section illustration of a first embodiment of a marine propulsion system according to the invention in the form of a pod propulsion system; -
FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section illustration of a second embodiment of the marine propulsion system according to the invention in the form of a pod propulsion system; -
FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section illustration of a third embodiment of the marine propulsion system according to the invention in the form of a pod propulsion system; -
FIG. 4 shows a longitudinal section illustration of a fourth embodiment of the marine propulsion system according to the invention in the form of a pod propulsion system; -
FIG. 5 shows a longitudinal section illustration of a fifth embodiment of the marine propulsion system according to the invention in the form of a pod propulsion system; -
FIG. 6 shows a longitudinal section illustration of a sixth embodiment of the marine propulsion system according to the invention in the form of a pod propulsion system; -
FIG. 7 shows a cross-section illustration of the sixth embodiment, as shown inFIG. 6 , of the marine propulsion system according to the invention in the form of a pod propulsion system; -
FIG. 8 shows a longitudinal section illustration of a marine propulsion system according to the invention arranged in a propeller shaft pipe at the stern of the ship; -
FIG. 9 shows a longitudinal view of a further embodiment of the marine propulsion system according to the invention arranged in the propeller shaft pipe at the stern of the ship; -
FIG. 10 shows a longitudinal view of a marine propulsion system according to the invention, equipped with an in-board motor. - A first embodiment (which is illustrated in the form of a cross section in
FIG. 1 ) of a marine propulsion system according to the invention in the form of apod propulsion system 1 has amotor gondola 2 which is arranged underneath thehull 3 of the vessel, and which is illustrated by dashed lines and only partially in FIGS. 1 to 7. - Within the
hull 3 of the vessel, thepod propulsion system 1 has anazimuth module 4, which is firmly connected to the motor gondola by way of astrut module 5 through thehull 3 of the vessel. - The
pod propulsion system 1 can be rotated about a vertical axis with respect to thehull 3 of the vessel, as can be seen from thecircular arrows 6 in FIGS. 2 to 6. - The
pod propulsion system 1 as shown inFIG. 1 has anelectric motor 7 arranged within themotor gondola 2. Avessel propeller 8, which is arranged at the rear end of themotor gondola 2 such that it can rotate, is driven by means of thiselectric motor 7. - For this purpose, the electric motor 7 (which is in the form of a three-phase synchronous machine) has an 8-
pole rotor 9, which is equipped with a rotating field winding 10 composed of HTSL (high-temperature superconductor) wire. - This HTSL wire may be formed from multifilament ribbon conductors Bi2 Ba2 Sr2 Cu3 Ox or Bi2 Ba2 Sr Cu2 Ox in a silver or silver-alloy matrix, of YBa2 Cu3 Ox as a thin film on steel strip, nickel strip, silver strip or an MgB2 superconductor.
- The electric motor 7 (which is in the form of a three-phase synchronous machine) furthermore has an air gap three-phase or stator winding 11 composed of loomed copper conductors, which is arranged in an
annular gap 12 between the 8-pole rotor 9 (which is equipped with the rotating field winding 10 composed of HTSL wire) and a laminatedmagnetic iron yoke 13. - The 8-
pole rotor 9 which has the rotating field winding 10 composed of HTSL wire is held within acryostat 14, which is designed to be vacuum-insulated and can be cryogenically cooled by means of the rotating field winding 10 composed of HTSL wire to a temperature between 15 and 77 K. - The
cryostat 14 is included in acoolant circuit 16 via atransfer coupling 15 which is arranged coaxially with respect to the longitudinal center axis of the 8-pole rotor 9. Acold head 17 is integrated in thecoolant circuit 16 and is cooled on the basis of the Gifford-MacMahon, Stirling or Pulsetube principle by means of a compressed-gas circuit 18, which includes acompressor 19 and a gas/water heat exchanger or cooler 20. - The
coolant circuit 16, which is provided by thecold head 17 on the one hand and the rotor-side or cryostat-side transfer coupling 15 on the other hand, may carry cold helium or hydrogen gas as the coolant. Furthermore, thecoolant circuit 16 may be designed on the cryo heatpipe principle, in which case it is then supplied as the liquid coolant with liquid neon, liquid hydrogen, liquid nitrogen or a liquefied gas mixture to thecryostat 14 and to thetransfer coupling 15, and feeds back vaporized neon, vaporized hydrogen, vaporized nitrogen or a vaporized gas mixture from thecryostat 14 and from thetransfer coupling 15 to thecold head 17. - The compressed-
gas circuit 18 including thecold head 17 is, in the exemplary embodiment illustrated inFIG. 1 , accommodated in an easily accessible manner on or within the azimuth module 4 (which can be rotated) of thepod propulsion system 1, so that there is no need for rotary couplings. - An embodiment of the
pod propulsion system 1, shown in the form of a longitudinal section inFIG. 2 , has two mutually independentelectric motors vessel propellers motor gondola 2. The vessel propellers 23, 24 may be oriented such that they contra-rotate.FIG. 2 also shows the two three-phase supply lines 25, 26 for the twoelectric motors electric motor separate cryostat cryostat transfer couplings 15 to acoolant circuit cold head respective coolant circuit cold head gas circuit - The two compressed-
gas circuits module 4, and the twocold heads strut module 5 of thepod propulsion system 1, so that they are easily accessible and are maintenance-friendly. The provision of twoelectric motors pole rotors 9 are supplied with coolant independently of one another results in better availability of thepod propulsion system 1 in comparison to the embodiment shown inFIG. 1 . - The availability can be increased if the electrical power supply for each
electric motor FIG. 2 shows only a single converter supply, which supplies bothelectric motors -
FIG. 3 shows a modified form of thepod propulsion system 1 as shown inFIG. 2 , in the form of a longitudinal section, in which thecryostats electric motors coolant circuits coolant circuits FIG. 2 , connected to acold head 35 which is shared by them and is arranged close to the twotransfer couplings 15 of thecryostats motor gondola 2 of thepod propulsion system 1. - The
cold head 35 is itself cooled by a compressed-gas circuit 36, whose major components are arranged in or fitted to theazimuth module 4 of thepod propulsion system 1. - The compressed-
gas circuit 36 is cooled by use of an integrated sea-water cooling circuit 37, which extracts thermal energy from the compressed-gas circuit 36 via aheat exchanger unit 38. The major components of the integrated sea-water cooling circuit 37 are also arranged in or on theazimuth module 4 of thepod propulsion system 1. - The components which are provided for supplying
coolant circuits cryostats FIG. 3 . - In the case of the embodiment of the
pod propulsion system 1 shown inFIG. 4 , thecold head 35 is also arranged in themotor gondola 2, close to thetransfer couplings 15 which are arranged coaxially with respect to therotor axis 39 of therotors 9 of the twoelectric motors gas circuit 36, which is associated with thecold head 35, is cooled down by means of a gas/water heat exchanger 40, which is arranged in the compressed-gas circuit 36 and is also a component of an integrated fresh-water circuit 41. - The integrated fresh-
water circuit 41 is cooled by way of afurther heat exchanger 42, which is thermally connected to thewall 43 of thestrut module 5 of thepod propulsion system 1. Thefurther heat exchanger 42 in the integrated fresh-water circuit 41 is thus cooled down by use of sea water through thewall 43 of thestrut module 5 of thepod propulsion system 1. - The major components both of the compressed-
gas circuit 36 and of the integrated fresh-water circuit 41 are arranged in a maintenance-friendly manner in theazimuth module 4 of thepod propulsion system 1, while in contrast thecold head 35 is, as already mentioned above, seated in themotor gondola 2 of thepod propulsion system 1. - Alternatively, two
cold heads 35 may be provided, each of which is associated with a respective one of the twoelectric motors gas circuit 36. - The
pod propulsion system 1 which is shown inFIG. 5 has anelectric motor 7 which drives thesingle vessel propeller 8 of thepod propulsion system 1, and occupies virtually the entire interior (whose diameter is constant) of themotor gondola 2 of thepod propulsion system 1. In comparison to the pod propulsion systems equipped with two electric motors as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, in the case of the embodiment shown inFIG. 5 , the length of themotor gondola 2 is made better use of for installation of a higher motor power. - The
cryostat 14 of theelectric motor 7 is connected by way of thetransfer coupling 15 to twocoolant circuits cold head cold heads azimuth module 4 of the pod propulsion system, and are cooled down by way of compressed-gas circuits azimuth module 4 of thepod propulsion system 1. The redundancy which is provided by the duplicated form of the components which are provided for cooling of theelectric motor 7 improves the operational reliability of thepod propulsion system 1. - In embodiments of the
pod propulsion system 1, illustrated as longitudinal sections and cross sections respectively inFIGS. 6 and 7 , thecryostat 14 of the singleelectric motor 7 which is arranged in themotor gondola 2 is supplied with coolant from acoolant circuit 16 by thetransfer coupling 15. Thecold head 17, which is associated with thecoolant circuit 16, is arranged in thestrut module 5 in the case of the embodiment shown inFIG. 6 , and is arranged in theazimuth module 4 of thepod propulsion system 1 in the case of the embodiment shown inFIG. 7 . In both embodiments, thecold head 17 is cooled down by means of a compressed-gas circuit 18, with an integrated gas/water heat exchanger 48 being used to extract heat from this compressed-gas circuit 18. This gas/water heat exchanger 48 is arranged on thewall 43 of thestrut module 5, as can be seen in particular inFIG. 7 . - This gas/
water heat exchanger 48 is thermally connected in a corresponding manner to thewall 43 of thestrut module 5, and thus to the sea water surrounding thestrut module 5. In the embodiments shown inFIG. 6 andFIG. 7 , the compressed-gas circuit is cooled down directly by the sea water, in which case the heat exchanger pipe runs 49 in the gas/water heat exchanger 48 can be arranged directly against thewall 43 of thestrut module 5. - In the embodiments shown in
FIGS. 8 and 9 , anelectric motor 7 for the marine propulsion system is arranged fixed in apropeller shaft pipe 51, which is formed at the stern 50 of the vessel. Thecryostat 14 of theelectric motor 7 is connected by way of thetransfer coupling 15 to twocoolant circuits cold head cold heads gas circuit cryostat 14 of theelectric motor 7 is thus redundant. - In addition to the
electric motor 7 for the marine propulsion system,FIG. 9 also shows a power generating system with agenerator 52, which is driven by a drive machine in the form of aninternal combustion engine 53. - The
generator 52 has a rotor, which is not illustrated in detail in the figures, with a rotating field winding composed of HTSL wire, with the cryostat for thegenerator 52 being supplied with coolant in a redundant manner both by thecoolant circuit 44 and by thecoolant circuit 45, as can be seen inFIG. 9 . Alternatively, it is possible to supply thegenerator 52 and theelectric motor 7 by way of a single coolant circuit and the associated system parts. - The cold heads 46, 47 which are shown in
FIG. 9 are arranged on a higher deck than the load that is arranged at the highest point, so that the coolant can be supplied by the force of gravity via thecoolant circuits - Alternatively, the
coolant circuits - In the embodiment of the marine propulsion system according to the invention as illustrated in
FIG. 10 , theelectric motor 7 is in the form of an in-board motor, on the output side driving ashaft system 54, which itself rotates thevessel propeller 8. - An
internal combustion engine 53 is provided as the drive machine for the marine propulsion system, drives thegenerator 52, and may be in the form of a diesel engine, a gas turbine or a steam turbine. - The
generator 52 and theelectric motor 7 each have a rotor with a rotating field winding composed of HTSL wire. The two cryostats of thegenerator 52 and of theelectric motor 7 are supplied with coolant by way of acoolant circuit 16, with thecold head 17 in thecoolant circuit 16 being cooled down by way of the compressed-gas circuit 18. Thecold head 17 is arranged above the highest coolant load, so that—as in the case of the embodiment shown inFIG. 9 —the coolant can be supplied by the force of gravity. - According to one exemplary embodiment of a pod propulsion system, a drive stage (equipped with two electric motors of the HTSL type) for a
pod propulsion system 1 has a rating of 20 MW at 130 rpm. The available rotation speed range is between 70 and 160 rpm. The external diameter of the vessel propeller is 6250 mm. The external diameter of the motor housing and of the motor gondola of the pod propulsion system is 30% of the external diameter of the vessel propeller. The overall length of the pod propulsion system is approximately 11 000 mm. The vessel propeller torque is approximately 1480 kNm. The weight of the entire system is approximately 100 to 200 t, with the efficiency of the motor stage being approximately 99%. - Exemplary embodiments being thus described, it will be obvious that the same may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims.
Claims (42)
1. A marine propulsion system, comprising:
at least one electric motor arranged in a propeller shaft pipe at a stern of a vessel for driving at least one vessel propeller;
a converter-fed electrical power supply to supply electric power to the at least one electric motor, including,
at least one drive machine for driving at least one generator, wherein
at least one of the at least one electric motor and the at least one generator is a three-phase synchronous machine, and
at least one of the at least one electric motor and the at least one generator includes a rotating field winding composed of high-temperature superconductor (HTSL) wire, each rotating field winding being arranged in a cryostat for cryogenically cooling the rotating field winding to a temperature between 15 and 77 K.
2. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one of the at least one electric motor and the at least one generator includes an air gap three-phase winding composed of loomed copper conductors, arranged in an annular gap between a rotor and a laminated magnetic iron yoke.
3. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the HTSL wire of the rotating field winding is formed from multifilament ribbon conductors Bi2 Ba2 Sr2 Cu3 Ox or B2 Ba2 SrCu2 Ox in at least one of a
silver and silver-alloy matrix, of YBa2 Cu3 Ox as a thin film on a steel strip, a nickel strip, a strip composed of an alloy containing nickel, a silver strip or an MgB2 superconductor.
4. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the rotor, including the rotating field winding composed of HTSL wire, includes 6 to 12 poles.
5. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein each cryostat is suppliable with coolant via a coolant circuit.
6. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein cryostats are suppliable with coolant via at least two redundant coolant circuits.
7. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 5 , wherein at least one of cold helium and hydrogen gas is provided as the coolant in the coolant circuit between a cold head and a transfer coupling to the cryostat.
8. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the coolant circuit between a cold head and a transfer coupling to the cryostat is designed such that the transfer coupling is supplied with a liquid coolant including at least one of liquid neon, liquid hydrogen, liquid nitrogen and a liquefied gas mixture, and vaporized coolant is fed back to the cold head.
9. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the cold head of each coolant circuit is operatable via a closed-cycle compressed-gas circuit.
10. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the compressed-gas circuit for the cold head is cooled by at least one of a central cooling water supply, sea water, and a heat exchanging device connected to outer surfaces of the vessel over which sea water washes.
11. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 7 , wherein each cold head is associated with a respective compressed-gas circuit.
12. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 9 , wherein each compressed-gas circuit includes an associated integrated sea-water cooling circuit.
13. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 9 , wherein each compressed-gas circuit includes an associated integrated fresh-water circuit, with a heat exchanger to transfer heat from the compressed-gas circuit to the integrated fresh-water circuit.
14. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the integrated fresh-water circuit includes another heat exchanger to thermally connect the integrated fresh-water circuit to sea water.
15. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the electrical power supply includes a power machine and a generator having a cryostat, including a rotating field winding and is suppliable with coolant by a coolant circuit shared by the cryostat of the electric motor and the cryostat of the electrical power supply.
16. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the electrical power supply includes a power machine and a generator having a cryostat, including a rotating field winding and is suppliable with coolant by two coolant circuits, which are mutually redundant and are shared by cryostat of the electric motor and the cryostat of the electrical power supply.
17. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the cold head in each coolant circuit is arranged in the vertical direction above that cryostat which is arranged at the highest point in the vertical direction.
18. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the rotor, including the rotating field winding composed of HTSL wire, includes 8 poles.
19. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 6 , wherein at least one of cold helium and hydrogen gas is provided as the coolant in the coolant circuit between a cold head and a transfer coupling.
20. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the coolant circuit between a cold head and a transfer coupling to the cryostat is designed such that the transfer coupling is supplied with a liquid coolant including at least one of liquid neon, liquid hydrogen, liquid nitrogen and a liquefied gas mixture, and vaporized coolant is fed back to the cold head.
21. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the cold head of each coolant circuit is operable via a closed-cycle compressed-gas circuit.
22. A marine propulsion system, comprising:
at least one electric motor, arranged as an in-board motor, and for driving at least one vessel propeller associated therewith via a drive shaft system; and
a converter-fed electrical power supply to supply electric power to the at least one electric motor; the converter-fed electrical power supply including,
at least one drive machine for driving at least one generator, wherein
at least one of the at least one electric motor and the at least one generator is a three-phase synchronous machine, and
at least one of the at least one electric motor and the at least one generator includes a rotating field winding composed of high-temperature superconductor (HTSL) wire, each rotating field winding being arranged in a cryostat for cryogenically cooling the rotating field winding to a temperature between 15 and 77 K.
23. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 22 , wherein at least one of the at least one electric motor and the at least one generator includes an air gap three-phase winding composed of loomed copper conductors, arranged in an annular gap between a rotor and a laminated magnetic iron yoke.
24. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 22 , wherein the HTSL wire of the rotating field winding is formed from multifilament ribbon conductors Bi2 Ba2 Sr2 Cu3 Ox or B2 Ba2 SrCu2 Ox in at least one of a
silver and silver-alloy matrix, of YBa2 Cu3 Ox as a thin film on a steel strip, a nickel strip, a strip composed of an alloy containing nickel, a silver strip or an MgB2 superconductor.
25. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 23 , wherein the rotor, including the rotating field winding composed of HTSL wire, includes 6 to 12 poles.
26. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 22 , wherein each cryostat is suppliable with coolant via a coolant circuit.
27. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 22 , wherein cryostats are suppliable with coolant via at least two redundant coolant circuits.
28. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 26 , wherein at least one of cold helium and hydrogen gas is provided as the coolant in the coolant circuit between a cold head and a transfer coupling to the cryostat.
29. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 26 , wherein the coolant circuit between a cold head and a transfer coupling to the cryostat is designed such that the transfer coupling is supplied with a liquid coolant including at least one of liquid neon, liquid hydrogen, liquid nitrogen and a liquefied gas mixture, and vaporized coolant is fed back to the cold head.
30. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 28 , wherein the cold head of each coolant circuit is operatable via a closed-cycle compressed-gas circuit.
31. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 30 , wherein the compressed-gas circuit for the cold head is cooled by at least one of a central cooling water supply, sea water, and a heat exchanging device connected to outer surfaces of the vessel over which sea water washes.
32. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 28 , wherein each cold head is associated with a respective compressed-gas circuit.
33. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 30 , wherein each compressed-gas circuit includes an associated integrated sea-water cooling circuit.
34. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 30 , wherein each compressed-gas circuit includes an associated integrated fresh-water circuit, with a heat exchanger to transfer heat from the compressed-gas circuit to the integrated fresh-water circuit.
35. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 34 , wherein the integrated fresh-water circuit includes another heat exchanger to thermally connect the integrated fresh-water circuit to sea water.
36. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 22 , wherein the electrical power supply includes a power machine and a generator having a cryostat, including a rotating field winding and is suppliable with coolant by a coolant circuit shared by the cryostat of the electric motor and the cryostat of the electrical power supply.
37. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 22 , wherein the electrical power supply includes a power machine and a generator having a cryostat, including a rotating field winding and is suppliable with coolant by two coolant circuits, which are mutually redundant and are shared by cryostat of the electric motor and the cryostat of the electrical power supply.
38. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 28 , wherein the cold head in each coolant circuit is arranged in the vertical direction above that cryostat which is arranged at the highest point in the vertical direction.
39. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 23 , wherein the rotor, including the rotating field winding composed of HTSL wire, includes 8 poles.
40. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 27 , wherein at least one of cold helium and hydrogen gas is provided as the coolant in the coolant circuit between a cold head and a transfer coupling.
41. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 26 , wherein the coolant circuit between a cold head and a transfer coupling to the cryostat is designed such that the transfer coupling is supplied with a liquid coolant including at least one of liquid neon, liquid hydrogen, liquid nitrogen and a liquefied gas mixture, and vaporized coolant is fed back to the cold head.
42. The marine propulsion system as claimed in claim 29 , wherein the cold head of each coolant circuit is operable via a closed-cycle compressed-gas circuit.
Priority Applications (1)
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US11/289,550 US20060105642A1 (en) | 2001-11-29 | 2005-11-30 | Boat propulsion system |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
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US10/497,141 US7018249B2 (en) | 2001-11-29 | 2001-11-21 | Boat propulsion system |
DE2001158758 DE10158758A1 (en) | 2001-11-29 | 2001-11-29 | marine propulsion |
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PCT/DE2002/004284 WO2003047961A2 (en) | 2001-11-29 | 2002-11-21 | Boat propulsion system |
US11/289,550 US20060105642A1 (en) | 2001-11-29 | 2005-11-30 | Boat propulsion system |
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US9080505B2 (en) | 2006-03-30 | 2015-07-14 | Eric William Cottell | Real time in-line water-in-fuel emulsion apparatus, process and system |
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US7934474B2 (en) | 2006-03-30 | 2011-05-03 | Eric William Cottell | Real time in-line hydrosonic water-in-fuel emulsion apparatus, process and system |
US20080006326A1 (en) * | 2006-03-30 | 2008-01-10 | Cottell Eric W | Real time in-line hydrosonic water-in-fuel emulsion apparatus, process and system |
US20100065347A1 (en) * | 2006-11-28 | 2010-03-18 | Yefim Kereth | Motor with torque-balancing means including rotating stator and rotating rotor |
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RU184128U1 (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-10-16 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова" | Biirotative electromotive steering column |
EP3790175A1 (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2021-03-10 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Generator arrangements and methods of generating electric power with generator arrangements |
US11152837B2 (en) | 2019-09-06 | 2021-10-19 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Generator arrangements and methods of generating electric power with generator arrangements |
RU2785390C1 (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-12-07 | федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Санкт-Петербургский государственный морской технический университет" (СПбГМТУ) | Ship propulsion system |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2297036T3 (en) | 2008-05-01 |
US7018249B2 (en) | 2006-03-28 |
DE50211482D1 (en) | 2008-02-14 |
CN1596500A (en) | 2005-03-16 |
KR20050044616A (en) | 2005-05-12 |
EP1449290A2 (en) | 2004-08-25 |
DE10158758A1 (en) | 2003-07-03 |
CN1596500B (en) | 2010-12-22 |
KR100782615B1 (en) | 2007-12-06 |
ATE382978T1 (en) | 2008-01-15 |
WO2003047961A3 (en) | 2004-01-29 |
WO2003047961A2 (en) | 2003-06-12 |
EP1449290B1 (en) | 2008-01-02 |
US20050009418A1 (en) | 2005-01-13 |
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