US20050268535A1 - Biodiesel motor fule additive composition - Google Patents
Biodiesel motor fule additive composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20050268535A1 US20050268535A1 US10/709,868 US70986804A US2005268535A1 US 20050268535 A1 US20050268535 A1 US 20050268535A1 US 70986804 A US70986804 A US 70986804A US 2005268535 A1 US2005268535 A1 US 2005268535A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- additive composition
- biodiesel
- fuel
- range
- added
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- -1 amino compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical group ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 22
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 10
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 4
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- 0 [11*]CN([12*])[13*] Chemical compound [11*]CN([12*])[13*] 0.000 description 3
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCO OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UPGSWASWQBLSKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hexoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCOCCO UPGSWASWQBLSKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CC(C)(C)O SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012769 bulk production Methods 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XNLICIUVMPYHGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-2-one Chemical compound CCCC(C)=O XNLICIUVMPYHGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NPMRPDRLIHYOBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-butoxyethoxy)propan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCC(C)O NPMRPDRLIHYOBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAOHAQSLJSMLAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butylperoxybutane Chemical group CCCCOOCCCC PAOHAQSLJSMLAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptanol Chemical class CCCCCCCO BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound COCC(C)O ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNYTUALIPGMUSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyclohexyloxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound OCCOCCOC1CCCCC1 QNYTUALIPGMUSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HHAPGMVKBLELOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methylpropoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CC(C)COCCO HHAPGMVKBLELOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWLALWYNXFYRGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethyl-1,3-hexanediol Chemical compound CCCC(O)C(CC)CO RWLALWYNXFYRGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COBPKKZHLDDMTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOCCO COBPKKZHLDDMTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFSMVVDJSNMRAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCCO WFSMVVDJSNMRAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-hydroxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(O)COC(C)COC(C)CO LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WAEVWDZKMBQDEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-methoxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound COC(C)COC(C)COC(C)CO WAEVWDZKMBQDEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRLVDYHUJCBUDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-phenylethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCC1=CC=CC=C1 FRLVDYHUJCBUDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNAWKNVDKFZFSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-2-methylpropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound CCC(C)(CO)CO VNAWKNVDKFZFSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTVWZWFKMIUSGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CC(C)(O)CO BTVWZWFKMIUSGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCDWFXQBSFUVSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenoxyethanol Chemical compound OCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 QCDWFXQBSFUVSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CUZKCNWZBXLAJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylmethoxyethanol Chemical compound OCCOCC1=CC=CC=C1 CUZKCNWZBXLAJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCGFUIQPSOCUHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propan-2-yloxyethanol Chemical compound CC(C)OCCO HCGFUIQPSOCUHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCAHUFWKIQLBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-methoxypropoxy)propan-1-ol Chemical compound COCCCOCCCO QCAHUFWKIQLBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFCKDNLFIVCLCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-butoxyphenoxy)butan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCOC1=CC=C(OCCCCO)C=C1 DFCKDNLFIVCLCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019737 Animal fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LTZQJVGOFCCDQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(CCN)CCCN Chemical compound CC(CCN)CCCN LTZQJVGOFCCDQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KSQSUDDRZLCKSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(CN)CC(C)CCN Chemical compound CC(CN)CC(C)CCN KSQSUDDRZLCKSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006683 Mannich reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCO ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethylene glycol, Natural products OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005037 alkyl phenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BMRWNKZVCUKKSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CCC(O)CO BMRWNKZVCUKKSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCCOCCO XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940075557 diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001261 hydroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/12—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the cetane number
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/1805—Organic compounds containing oxygen oxidised hydrocarbon fractions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
- C10L1/1852—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Orthoesters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
- C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/221—Organic compounds containing nitrogen compounds of uncertain formula; reaction products where mixtures of compounds are obtained
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
- C10L1/2387—Polyoxyalkyleneamines (poly)oxyalkylene amines and derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
Definitions
- This invention relates to a biodiesel fuel additive composition for bulk addition to diesel fuel. More particularly, this invention relates to a biodiesel fuel additive composition comprising a fuel conditioner component comprising (i) a polar oxygenated hydrocarbon compound, and (ii) an oxygenated compatibilizing agent for use in bulk production of biodiesel fuels for improving performance, increasing Cetane number, and reducing emissions from diesel engines.
- a fuel conditioner component comprising (i) a polar oxygenated hydrocarbon compound, and (ii) an oxygenated compatibilizing agent for use in bulk production of biodiesel fuels for improving performance, increasing Cetane number, and reducing emissions from diesel engines.
- this invention relates to a biodiesel fuel additive composition
- a biodiesel fuel additive composition comprising: (a) a detergent component selected from the group consisting of (i) a reaction product component of a substituted hydrocarbon and an amino compound, and (ii) a polybutylamine or polyisobutylamine; and (b) a fuel conditioner component comprising (i) a polar oxygenated hydrocarbon compound, and (ii) an oxygenated compatibilizing agent for use in bulk production of biodiesel fuels for improving performance.
- Biodiesel is the name for a variety of ester-based oxygenated fuels made from vegetable oils, animal fats, used cooking oil, and waste from pulp and paper industry. It is produced by the reaction between vegetable oil or animal fat and alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. The concept of using vegetable oil as a fuel dates back to 1895 when Dr. Rudolf Diesel developed the first diesel engine to run on vegetable oil. Diesel demonstrated his engine at the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900 using peanut oil as fuel.
- Biodiesel is the only alternative fuel that can be used directly in any existing, unmodified diesel engine. Since biodiesel is produced from renewable domestically grown feedstock, it can reduce the use of petroleum-based diesel fuel and possibly lower the overall greenhouse gas emissions from the use of internal combustion engines. Biodiesel, due to its biodegradable nature, is especially attractive for marine application in environmentally sensitive areas. With essentially no sulfur and aromatic contents, biodiesel offers promise to reduce particulate and toxic emissions.
- biodiesel is chemically simple since it contains only six or seven fatty acid esters.
- esters vary in terms of important fuel properties, such as Cetane Number (CN), viscosity, Cloud and Pour points, and degree of saturation.
- CN Cetane Number
- the presence of impurities also affects the fuel properties. Therefore, fuel related biodiesel properties are generally affected by the nature of the feedstock.
- biodiesel fuels have higher CN, higher viscosity, and higher Cloud and Pour points compared to conventional diesel fuels.
- Biodiesel blends with diesel fuel show a near linear relationship for most of the fuel properties.
- the properties of B20 (20% biodiesel: 80% diesel) are a lot closer to diesel fuel properties than those of neat (100% biodiesel).
- the B20 is the most popular blend of biodiesel in diesel fuel. It has been recognized as an alternative fuel under the Energy Policy Act (EPACT) in the United States.
- EPACT Energy Policy Act
- biodiesel on emissions there are many other issues that are relevant to the use of biodiesel in diesel engines since they influence engine performance and durability. Some of the important issues are proper mixing of biodiesel in diesel fuel, loss of engine power, cold start problems, material compatibility, engine wear, and the effect on engine lubricating oil.
- Biodiesel on a volumetric basis contains slightly less energy than conventional diesel fuel. Hence using biodiesel without any change in the fuel injection system could result in a slight loss of engine power. It has been reported that fuel filter plugging, the gum like accumulation in injection pumps, and injector cavitation may be responsible for power loss. All of these problems are attributable to biodiesel fuel quality issues.
- Biodiesel has higher Cloud and Pour point temperatures than diesel fuel, which can create starting problems in cold weather. Biodiesel may not be compatible with certain materials that could lead to premature failure of some components such as fuel pumps, fuel lines, and valves. Based on the wear-metal analysis of engine lubricating oil, the engine wear and lubricating oil dilution were generally within the specified range while using B20 fuel. The Engine Manufacturers Association (EMA), however, recommends that when using biodiesel, the normal oil change interval should be cut by half.
- EMA Engine Manufacturers Association
- biodiesel fuel additive for alkyl biodiesel fuels, which accelerates the combustion phenomenon and reduces ignition delay in diesel engines. It is a feature of this invention that the additive comprises a detergent component and a fuel conditioner component, which synergistically interact to reduce particulate emissions and increase Cetane number.
- the additive comprises a fuel conditioner component, which synergistically interacts with biodiesel to reduce particulate emissions and increase Cetane number.
- a biodiesel fuel additive composition which accelerates the combustion phenomenon, reduces ignition delay and increases Cetane number while retaining engine performance
- a fuel conditioner component comprising: (i) from about 10 to about 70 weight percent, based upon the total weight of the additive, of a polar oxygenated hydrocarbon having an average molecular weight in the range of about 200 to about 500, an acid number in the range of about 25 to about 175, and a saponification number in the range of about 30 to about 250, and (ii) from about 10 to about 70 weight percent, based upon the total of the additive, of an oxygenated compatibilizing agent preferably having a solubility parameter in the range of about 7.0 to about 14.0 and moderate to strong hydrogen capacity.
- Another object of the present invention is directed to a biodiesel fuel additive composition that reduces particulate emissions and improves fuel economy while improving engine performance
- a biodiesel fuel additive composition that reduces particulate emissions and improves fuel economy while improving engine performance
- a detergent component selected from the group consisting of (i) a reaction product of: (A) a substituted hydrocarbon of the formula R 1 -X (I) wherein R 1 is a hydrocarbyl radical having a molecular weight in the range of about 150 to about 10,000, and X is selected from the group consisting of halogens, succinic anhydride and succinic dibasic acid, and (B) an amino compound of the formula H—(NH-(A) m ) n -Y-R 2 (II) wherein Y is O or NR 5′ R 5 being H or a hydrocarbyl radical having 1-30 carbon atoms; A is a straight chain or branched chain alkylene radical having 1-30 carbon atoms; m has
- the compounds I, II and V are necessarily reacted in proportion other than 1:1:1 as described in the U.S. Pat. No. 6,083,287.
- the fuel conditioner component may additionally comprise a hydrophilic separant such as a glycol monoether.
- the additive composition may additionally comprise a carrier oil or fluidizer.
- This invention is also directed to a biodiesel fuel containing the present invention which may be added with any other additives or added after the addition of any other additives.
- This invention is in one aspect directed to a biodiesel fuel additive comprising: (a) a detergent component which is selected from the group consisting of (i) the reaction product of a substituted hydrocarbon and an amino compound, (ii) a polybutylamine or polyisobutylamine; and (b) a fuel conditioner component comprising a polar oxygenated hydrocarbon compound and an oxygenated compatibilizing agent.
- a detergent component which is selected from the group consisting of (i) the reaction product of a substituted hydrocarbon and an amino compound, (ii) a polybutylamine or polyisobutylamine; and (b) a fuel conditioner component comprising a polar oxygenated hydrocarbon compound and an oxygenated compatibilizing agent.
- Another aspect of the present invention is directed to a biodiesel fuel additive comprising (a) a fuel conditioner component comprising a polar oxygenated hydrocarbon compound and an oxygenated compatibilizing agent.
- the substituted hydrocarbon reactant used to prepare the reaction product is of the formula R 1 -x (I) wherein R 1 is a hydrocarbyl radical having a molecular weight in the range of about 150 to about 10,000, preferably a polyalkylene radical having a molecular weight in the range of about 400 to about 5000, most preferably a polyalkylene radical having a molecular weight in the range of about 600 to about 1500, and X is selected from the group consisting of halogens, preferably chlorine, succinic anhydride and succinic dibasic acid.
- R 1 -X is a polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride.
- R 1 -X is a chloropolyisobutylene
- the amino compound reactant used to prepare the reaction product is of the formula H—(NH-(A) m ) n -Y-R 2 (II) wherein Y is O or NR 5′ , R 5 being H or a hydrocarbyl radical having 1-30 carbon atoms, preferably 1-22 carbon atoms; A is a straight chain or branched chain alkylene radical having 1-30, preferably 1-15 carbon atoms; m has a value in the range of 1-15, preferably 1-12; n has a value in the range of 0-6, preferably 0-5; and R 2 is selected from the group consisting of H, a hydrocarbyl radical having a molecular weight in the range of about 15 to about 10,000, preferably 15 to about 2000, and a homopolymeric or heteropolymeric polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula R 3 -((Q) a (T) b (Z) c
- R 2 is the above-described homopolymeric or heteropolymeric polyoxyalkylene radical of formula (III).
- homopolymeric and heteropolymeric refer to polyoxyalkylene compounds, which in the case of homopolymeric compounds contain one recurring polyoxyalkylene moiety, and in the case of heteropolymeric compounds contain more than one recurring polyoxyalkylene moiety, typically having 1-6 carbon atoms, such as ethylene oxide (EO), propylene oxide (PO) or butylene oxide (BO).
- the above-described amino compound reactant is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene polyamines, polypropylene polyamines and mixtures thereof. In yet another preferred embodiment, such polyamines are monoalkylated.
- the reaction product component is preferably prepared by reacting the substituted hydrocarbon R 1 -X to the amino compound in a mole ratio in the range of 0.2:1-20:1, more preferably in the range of 0.5:1-10:1.
- the reaction product component may be prepared under reaction conditions (including e.g. reaction times, temperatures, and reagent proportions) as are well known by those skilled in the art for preparing such amino compound-substituted hydrocarbon reaction products.
- the method for preparing such reaction products is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,172,892 (LeSeur et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 3,438,757 (Honnen et al.), and U.S. Pat. No. 3,443,918 (Kautsky et al.), all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- V is selected from the group methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, malaic anhydride . . . as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,083,287.
- the detergent compound may also be a polybutylamine or polyisobutylamine of the formula (IV) where R 11 is a polybutyl- or polyisobutyl radical derived from isobutene and up to 20% by weight of n-butene, and R 12 and R 13 are identical or different and are each hydrogen, an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, a primary or secondary, aromatic or aliphatic aminoalkylene radical or polyaminoalkylene radical, a polyoxyalkylene radical or a heteroaryl or heterocyclyl radical, or, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a ring in which further hetero atoms may be present.
- R 11 is a polybutyl- or polyisobutyl radical derived from isobutene and up to 20% by weight of n-butene
- R 12 and R 13 are identical or different and are each hydrogen, an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, a primary or secondary, aromatic or aliphatic aminoalky
- the fuel conditioner component employed in admixture with the detergent component to produce the additive of this invention may preferably be the fuel conditioner previously disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,753,661 (Nelson et al.), incorporated herein by reference.
- This fuel conditioner comprises a polar oxygenated hydrocarbon compound and an oxygenated compatibilizing agent.
- the polar oxygenated hydrocarbon portion of the fuel conditioner signifies various organic mixtures arising from the controlled oxidation of petroleum liquids with air. Often these air oxidations of liquid distillates are carried out at a temperature of from about 100° C. to about 150° C. with an organo-metallic catalyst, such as esters of manganese, copper, iron, cobalt, nickel or tin, or organic catalysts, such as tertiary butyl peroxide.
- organo-metallic catalyst such as esters of manganese, copper, iron, cobalt, nickel or tin
- organic catalysts such as tertiary butyl peroxide.
- the result is a melange of polar oxygenated compounds which may be divided into at least three categories: volatile, saponifiable and non-saponifiable.
- the polar oxygenated compounds preferable for use in the present invention may be characterized in a least three ways, by molecular weight, acid number, and saponification number. It is to be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the terms “molecular weight” and “average molecular weight” are synonymous and are herein used interchangeably. It is to be further appreciated that there are several methods of determining the average molecular weight of an organic material and that different methods will produce different results for the same material. Chemically these oxidation products are mixtures of acids, hydroxy acids, lactones, eaters, ketones, alcohols, anhydrides, and other oxygenated organic compounds.
- polar oxygenated compounds of the present invention have an acid number from about 50 to about 100 and a saponification number from about 75 to about 200.
- Suitable compatibilizing agents for use in the fuel conditioner component of the instant invention are organic compounds of moderate solubility parameter and moderate to strong hydrogen-bonding capacity.
- Solubility parameters, ⁇ , based on cohesive energy density are a fundamental descriptor of an organic solvent giving a measure of its polarity. Simple aliphatic molecules of low polarity have a low ⁇ of about 7.3; highly polar water has a high ⁇ of 23.4. Solubility parameters, however, are just a first approximation to the polarity of an organic solvent. Also important to generalized polarity, and hence solvent power, are dipole moment and hydrogen-bonding capacity.
- a compatibilizing agent preferably having a solubility parameter from about 7.0 to about 14.0 and moderate to strong hydrogen-bonding capacity.
- Suitable classes of organic solvents are alcohols, ketones, esters, and ethers.
- Preferred compatibilizing agents are straight-chain, branched-chain, and alicyclic alcohols with from six to 14 carbon atoms.
- Especially preferred compounds for compatibilizing agents are the hexanols, the heptanols, the octanols, the nonyl alcohols, the decanols, and the dodecanols.
- the fuel conditioner component of this invention may additionally include a hydrophilic separant which decreases the amount of water in the hydrocarbon fuel, thus improving combustion.
- Suitable separants for practicing the current invention are ethers of glycols or polyglycols, especially monoethers. Monoethers are preferred over diethers in the practice of the present invention.
- Examples of such compounds which may be used are the monoethers of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, alphabutylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol, beta-butylene glycol, isobutylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, hexylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2-methyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol.
- Some monoethers include ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethylether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-(n-butyl) ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-(n-butyl) ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monocyclohexylether, ethylene glycol monobenzyl ether, triethylene glycol monophenethyl ether, butylene glycol mono-(p-(n-butoxy) phenyl) ether, trimethylene glycol mono(alkylphenyl) ether, tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-isopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monoisobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monohexyl ether, triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl
- Such compounds are sold commercially under trade names such as Butyl CELLOSOLVE, Ethyl CELLOSOLVE, Hexyl CELLOSOLVE, Methyl CARBITOL, Butyl CARBITOL, DOWANOL Glycol ethers, and the like.
- composition of this invention may additionally comprise a suitable amount of a carrier oil or fluidizer selected from the group consisting of petroleum-based oils, mineral oils, polypropylene compounds having a molecular weight in the range of about 500 to about 3000, polyisobutylene compounds having a molecular weight in the range of about 500 to about 3000, polyoxyalkylene compounds having a molecular weight in the range of about 500 to about 3000, and polybutyl and polyisobutyl alcohols containing polybutyl or polyisobutyl radicals derived from polyisobutene and up to 20% by weight of n-butene, corresponding carboxylates of the polybutyl or polyisobutyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof.
- a carrier oil or fluidizer selected from the group consisting of petroleum-based oils, mineral oils, polypropylene compounds having a molecular weight in the range of about 500 to about 3000, polyisobutylene compounds having a molecular weight in the range of about 500 to about 3
- Petroleum based oils which may be employed include top cylinder oils as well as both natural and synthetic naphthenic and paraffinic base stock oils of relatively high viscosity, including so-called Solvent Neutral Oils (SNO) such as SNO-500 and SNO-600.
- Mineral oils which may be employed include so-called “light” mineral oils, i.e. those petroleum, aliphatic or alicyclic fractions having a viscosity less than about 10,000 SUS at 250° C. A mixture of hydrocarbon fractions may also be employed in place of a base stock.
- the above-described polybutyl and polyisobutyl alcohols include those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,859,210 (Franz et al.), incorporated herein by reference.
- carrier oil” and “fluidizer” are interchangeable, as will be readily understood by those skilled in the art.
- the additive composition of this invention may be employed in a wide variety of biodiesel containing fuels for a variety of engines.
- Preferred biodiesel fuel compositions for use with the additive composition of this invention are those intended for use in glow plug ignition internal combustion diesel engines.
- Such biodiesel fuel compositions comprise a desired percentage of biodiesel in the range of from about 2% to about 100% in admixture with petroleum based diesel fuel stocks.
- the biodiesel fuel composition may additionally comprise other additives typically employed in biodiesel fuels, such as anti-icing additives, upper cylinder lubricating oils, carburetor detergents, anti-corrosion additives, de-emulsifying agents, odor suppressors, and the like.
- Cetane Number means the measure of ignition quality of diesel fuel based on ignition delay in an engine. The higher the Cetane number is the shorter the ignition delay and the better the ignition quality.
- Cloud Point means the temperature at which a sample of a petroleum product just shows a cloud or haze of wax crystals when it is cooled under standard test conditions, as defined in ASTM D 2500.
- Pour Point means the lowest temperature at which a petroleum product will just flow when tested under standard conditions, as defined in ASTM D97.
- ASTM means the American Society for Testing and Materials.
- the advantages of using additive composition to biodiesel fuels include lowering HC emissions, lowering CO emissions, significantly reducing PM emissions thus providing much lower smoke and particulate emissions, accelerating combustion process thereby improving fuel economy and reduced engine noise, reducing cold start and gum formation tendencies, and reduces deposit formation in engines.
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Abstract
Disclosed is a biodiesel fuel additive composition which accelerates combustion phenomenon, reduces ignition delay, and improves Cetane number, thereby lowering particulate emissions, and improving fuel economy in diesel engines.
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- This invention relates to a biodiesel fuel additive composition for bulk addition to diesel fuel. More particularly, this invention relates to a biodiesel fuel additive composition comprising a fuel conditioner component comprising (i) a polar oxygenated hydrocarbon compound, and (ii) an oxygenated compatibilizing agent for use in bulk production of biodiesel fuels for improving performance, increasing Cetane number, and reducing emissions from diesel engines.
- Furthermore, this invention relates to a biodiesel fuel additive composition comprising: (a) a detergent component selected from the group consisting of (i) a reaction product component of a substituted hydrocarbon and an amino compound, and (ii) a polybutylamine or polyisobutylamine; and (b) a fuel conditioner component comprising (i) a polar oxygenated hydrocarbon compound, and (ii) an oxygenated compatibilizing agent for use in bulk production of biodiesel fuels for improving performance.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- Biodiesel is the name for a variety of ester-based oxygenated fuels made from vegetable oils, animal fats, used cooking oil, and waste from pulp and paper industry. It is produced by the reaction between vegetable oil or animal fat and alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. The concept of using vegetable oil as a fuel dates back to 1895 when Dr. Rudolf Diesel developed the first diesel engine to run on vegetable oil. Diesel demonstrated his engine at the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900 using peanut oil as fuel.
- Today's diesel engines require a clean-burning, stable fuel that performs well under a variety of operating conditions. Biodiesel is the only alternative fuel that can be used directly in any existing, unmodified diesel engine. Since biodiesel is produced from renewable domestically grown feedstock, it can reduce the use of petroleum-based diesel fuel and possibly lower the overall greenhouse gas emissions from the use of internal combustion engines. Biodiesel, due to its biodegradable nature, is especially attractive for marine application in environmentally sensitive areas. With essentially no sulfur and aromatic contents, biodiesel offers promise to reduce particulate and toxic emissions.
- Compared to conventional diesel, biodiesel is chemically simple since it contains only six or seven fatty acid esters. However, different esters vary in terms of important fuel properties, such as Cetane Number (CN), viscosity, Cloud and Pour points, and degree of saturation. The presence of impurities also affects the fuel properties. Therefore, fuel related biodiesel properties are generally affected by the nature of the feedstock.
- Generally speaking, biodiesel fuels have higher CN, higher viscosity, and higher Cloud and Pour points compared to conventional diesel fuels. Biodiesel blends with diesel fuel show a near linear relationship for most of the fuel properties. Hence the properties of B20 (20% biodiesel: 80% diesel) are a lot closer to diesel fuel properties than those of neat (100% biodiesel). The B20 is the most popular blend of biodiesel in diesel fuel. It has been recognized as an alternative fuel under the Energy Policy Act (EPACT) in the United States.
- Besides the overall positive effect of biodiesel on emissions, there are many other issues that are relevant to the use of biodiesel in diesel engines since they influence engine performance and durability. Some of the important issues are proper mixing of biodiesel in diesel fuel, loss of engine power, cold start problems, material compatibility, engine wear, and the effect on engine lubricating oil.
- Biodiesel on a volumetric basis contains slightly less energy than conventional diesel fuel. Hence using biodiesel without any change in the fuel injection system could result in a slight loss of engine power. It has been reported that fuel filter plugging, the gum like accumulation in injection pumps, and injector cavitation may be responsible for power loss. All of these problems are attributable to biodiesel fuel quality issues.
- Biodiesel has higher Cloud and Pour point temperatures than diesel fuel, which can create starting problems in cold weather. Biodiesel may not be compatible with certain materials that could lead to premature failure of some components such as fuel pumps, fuel lines, and valves. Based on the wear-metal analysis of engine lubricating oil, the engine wear and lubricating oil dilution were generally within the specified range while using B20 fuel. The Engine Manufacturers Association (EMA), however, recommends that when using biodiesel, the normal oil change interval should be cut by half.
- It is an object of this invention to provide a biodiesel fuel additive for alkyl biodiesel fuels, which accelerates the combustion phenomenon and reduces ignition delay in diesel engines. It is a feature of this invention that the additive comprises a detergent component and a fuel conditioner component, which synergistically interact to reduce particulate emissions and increase Cetane number.
- It is a further object of this invention that the additive comprises a fuel conditioner component, which synergistically interacts with biodiesel to reduce particulate emissions and increase Cetane number.
- It is an advantage of this invention that it also reduces fuel consumption in diesel engines.
- A biodiesel fuel additive composition which accelerates the combustion phenomenon, reduces ignition delay and increases Cetane number while retaining engine performance comprising a mixture of: a fuel conditioner component comprising: (i) from about 10 to about 70 weight percent, based upon the total weight of the additive, of a polar oxygenated hydrocarbon having an average molecular weight in the range of about 200 to about 500, an acid number in the range of about 25 to about 175, and a saponification number in the range of about 30 to about 250, and (ii) from about 10 to about 70 weight percent, based upon the total of the additive, of an oxygenated compatibilizing agent preferably having a solubility parameter in the range of about 7.0 to about 14.0 and moderate to strong hydrogen capacity.
- Another object of the present invention is directed to a biodiesel fuel additive composition that reduces particulate emissions and improves fuel economy while improving engine performance comprising a mixture of: (a) from about 10 to about 90 weight percent, based upon the total weight of the additive, of a detergent component selected from the group consisting of (i) a reaction product of: (A) a substituted hydrocarbon of the formula
R1-X (I)
wherein R1 is a hydrocarbyl radical having a molecular weight in the range of about 150 to about 10,000, and X is selected from the group consisting of halogens, succinic anhydride and succinic dibasic acid, and (B) an amino compound of the formula
H—(NH-(A)m)n-Y-R2 (II)
wherein Y is O or NR5′R5 being H or a hydrocarbyl radical having 1-30 carbon atoms; A is a straight chain or branched chain alkylene radical having 1-30 carbon atoms; m has a value in the range of 1-15; n has a value in the range of 0-6; and R2 is selected from the group consisting of H, a hydrocarbyl radical having a molecular weight in the range of about 15 to about 10,000, and a homopolymeric or heteropolymeric polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula
R3-((Q)a(T)b(Z)c)d- (III)
wherein R3 is H or a hydrocarbyl radical having 1-30 carbon atoms, Q, T, and Z are polyoxyalkylene moieties having 1-6 carbon atoms, a, b and c each have values ranging from 0-30, and d has a value in the range of 1-50, and (ii) a polybutylamine or polyisobutylamine of the formula
where R11 is a polybutyl or polyisobutyl radical derived from isobutene and up to 20% by weight of n-butene and R12 and R13 are identical or different and are each hydrogen, an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, a primary or secondary, aromatic or aliphatic aminoalkylene radical or polyaminoalkylene radical, a polyoxyalkylene radical or a heteroaryl or heterocyclyl radical, or, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a ring in which further hetero atoms may be present; and (b) a fuel conditioner component comprising: (i) from about 10 to about 70 weight percent, based upon the total weight of the additive, of a polar oxygenated hydrocarbon having an average molecular weight in the range of about 200 to about 500, an acid number in the range of about 25 to about 175, and a saponification number in the range of about 30 to about 250, and (ii) from about 10 to about 70 weight percent, based upon the total of the additive, of an oxygenated compatibilizing agent preferably having a solubility parameter in the range of about 7.0 to about 14.0 and moderate to strong hydrogen capacity. - In one preferred embodiment of the present invention the amino compound of the formula
H—(NH-(A)m)n—Y—R2 (II)
(i) would be made from I and II, II preferably comprising Y═NR5 and R5=U H where U is a polysubstituted, linear or branched, moiety with 1 to 10 carbon units and the resulting compound V further comprises at least one linear or branched carboxylic monoacid or anhydride compound. The compounds I, II and V are necessarily reacted in proportion other than 1:1:1 as described in the U.S. Pat. No. 6,083,287. - The fuel conditioner component may additionally comprise a hydrophilic separant such as a glycol monoether. The additive composition may additionally comprise a carrier oil or fluidizer.
- This invention is also directed to a biodiesel fuel containing the present invention which may be added with any other additives or added after the addition of any other additives.
- This invention is in one aspect directed to a biodiesel fuel additive comprising: (a) a detergent component which is selected from the group consisting of (i) the reaction product of a substituted hydrocarbon and an amino compound, (ii) a polybutylamine or polyisobutylamine; and (b) a fuel conditioner component comprising a polar oxygenated hydrocarbon compound and an oxygenated compatibilizing agent.
- Another aspect of the present invention is directed to a biodiesel fuel additive comprising (a) a fuel conditioner component comprising a polar oxygenated hydrocarbon compound and an oxygenated compatibilizing agent.
- If the reaction product detergent component is employed, the substituted hydrocarbon reactant used to prepare the reaction product is of the formula
R1-x (I)
wherein R1 is a hydrocarbyl radical having a molecular weight in the range of about 150 to about 10,000, preferably a polyalkylene radical having a molecular weight in the range of about 400 to about 5000, most preferably a polyalkylene radical having a molecular weight in the range of about 600 to about 1500, and X is selected from the group consisting of halogens, preferably chlorine, succinic anhydride and succinic dibasic acid. in one preferred embodiment, R1-X is a polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride. In another preferred embodiment, R1-X is a chloropolyisobutylene, The amino compound reactant used to prepare the reaction product is of the formula
H—(NH-(A)m)n-Y-R2 (II)
wherein Y is O or NR5′, R5 being H or a hydrocarbyl radical having 1-30 carbon atoms, preferably 1-22 carbon atoms; A is a straight chain or branched chain alkylene radical having 1-30, preferably 1-15 carbon atoms; m has a value in the range of 1-15, preferably 1-12; n has a value in the range of 0-6, preferably 0-5; and R2 is selected from the group consisting of H, a hydrocarbyl radical having a molecular weight in the range of about 15 to about 10,000, preferably 15 to about 2000, and a homopolymeric or heteropolymeric polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula
R3-((Q)a(T)b(Z)c)d- (III)
wherein R3 is H or a hydrocarbyl radical having 1-30, preferably 1-22 carbon atoms, Q, T, and Z are polyoxyalkylene moieties having 1-6 carbon atoms, a, b, and c each have values ranging from 0-30, and d has a value in the range of 1-50, preferably 1-25. - Various preferred embodiments of the amino compound reactant of formula (II) are given in Table 1 below:
TABLE 1 1. A = CH2, m = 2, n = 3, Y = NR5, R5 = H, R2 = H, yields an amino compound reactant of the formula: formula: NH2—(CH2)2—NH—(CH2)2—NH—(CH2)2NH2 2. A = CH2, m = 3, n = 1, Y = NR5, R5 = H, R2 = oleyl radical, yields an amino compound reactant of the formula: NH2—(CH2)3—NH—oleyl 3. A = CH2, m = 6, n = 1, Y = NR5, R5 = H, R2 = H, yields an amino compound reactant of the formula: NH2—(CH2)6—NH2 4. A = CH2, m = 12, n = 1, Y = NR5, R5 = H, R2 = H, yields an amino compound reactant of the formula: NH2—(CH2)12—NH2 m = 1, n = 1, Y = NR5, R5= H, R2= H yields an amino compound reactant of the formula: m = 1, n = 1, Y = NR5, R5= H, R2= H yields an amino compound reactant of the formula: - In another preferred embodiment, R2 is the above-described homopolymeric or heteropolymeric polyoxyalkylene radical of formula (III). As used in this description and in the appended claims, the terms homopolymeric and heteropolymeric refer to polyoxyalkylene compounds, which in the case of homopolymeric compounds contain one recurring polyoxyalkylene moiety, and in the case of heteropolymeric compounds contain more than one recurring polyoxyalkylene moiety, typically having 1-6 carbon atoms, such as ethylene oxide (EO), propylene oxide (PO) or butylene oxide (BO). Thus, for example, in one embodiment R2 may be a homopolymeric polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula
R3-((EO))d-
wherein in formula (III), a=I, b=0, c=0, Q=ethylene oxide, and R3 and d are as previously defined. In another embodiment, R2 may be a heteropolymeric polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula
R3-((EO)a(PO)b(BO)c)d-
wherein, in formula II, Q=ethylene oxide, T=propylene oxide, Z=butylene oxide, and a, b, c, d and R3 are as previously described. - In yet another preferred embodiment, the above-described amino compound reactant is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene polyamines, polypropylene polyamines and mixtures thereof. In yet another preferred embodiment, such polyamines are monoalkylated.
- The reaction product component is preferably prepared by reacting the substituted hydrocarbon R1-X to the amino compound in a mole ratio in the range of 0.2:1-20:1, more preferably in the range of 0.5:1-10:1. The reaction product component may be prepared under reaction conditions (including e.g. reaction times, temperatures, and reagent proportions) as are well known by those skilled in the art for preparing such amino compound-substituted hydrocarbon reaction products. The method for preparing such reaction products is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,172,892 (LeSeur et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 3,438,757 (Honnen et al.), and U.S. Pat. No. 3,443,918 (Kautsky et al.), all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- In a specific embodiment V is selected from the group methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, malaic anhydride . . . as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,083,287.
- The detergent compound may also be a polybutylamine or polyisobutylamine of the formula (IV)
where R11 is a polybutyl- or polyisobutyl radical derived from isobutene and up to 20% by weight of n-butene, and R12 and R13 are identical or different and are each hydrogen, an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, a primary or secondary, aromatic or aliphatic aminoalkylene radical or polyaminoalkylene radical, a polyoxyalkylene radical or a heteroaryl or heterocyclyl radical, or, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a ring in which further hetero atoms may be present. - Compounds of the general formula (IV) and the method of preparation thereof are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,832,702 (Kummer et al.), incorporated herein by reference. Compounds of the general formula (IV) are preferably prepared in accordance with the method disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,832,702, wherein an appropriate polybutene or polyisobutene is hydroformylated with a rhodium or cobalt catalyst in the presence of CO and H2 at from about 80-200° C. and CO/H2 pressures of up to 600 bar, and the oxo product thereby formed is then subjected to a Mannich reaction or amination under hydrogenating conditions, wherein the amination reaction is advantageously carried out at 80-200° C. and under pressures up to 600 bar, preferably 80-300 bar.
- The fuel conditioner component employed in admixture with the detergent component to produce the additive of this invention may preferably be the fuel conditioner previously disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,753,661 (Nelson et al.), incorporated herein by reference. This fuel conditioner comprises a polar oxygenated hydrocarbon compound and an oxygenated compatibilizing agent.
- The polar oxygenated hydrocarbon portion of the fuel conditioner signifies various organic mixtures arising from the controlled oxidation of petroleum liquids with air. Often these air oxidations of liquid distillates are carried out at a temperature of from about 100° C. to about 150° C. with an organo-metallic catalyst, such as esters of manganese, copper, iron, cobalt, nickel or tin, or organic catalysts, such as tertiary butyl peroxide. The result is a melange of polar oxygenated compounds which may be divided into at least three categories: volatile, saponifiable and non-saponifiable.
- The polar oxygenated compounds preferable for use in the present invention may be characterized in a least three ways, by molecular weight, acid number, and saponification number. It is to be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the terms “molecular weight” and “average molecular weight” are synonymous and are herein used interchangeably. It is to be further appreciated that there are several methods of determining the average molecular weight of an organic material and that different methods will produce different results for the same material. Chemically these oxidation products are mixtures of acids, hydroxy acids, lactones, eaters, ketones, alcohols, anhydrides, and other oxygenated organic compounds. Those suitable for the present invention are compounds and mixtures with an average molecular weight between about 200 and about 500, with an acid number between about 25 and about 175 (ASTM-D-974), and a saponification number from about 30 to about 250 (ASTM-D-974-52). Preferably the polar oxygenated compounds of the present invention have an acid number from about 50 to about 100 and a saponification number from about 75 to about 200.
- Suitable compatibilizing agents for use in the fuel conditioner component of the instant invention are organic compounds of moderate solubility parameter and moderate to strong hydrogen-bonding capacity. Solubility parameters, δ, based on cohesive energy density are a fundamental descriptor of an organic solvent giving a measure of its polarity. Simple aliphatic molecules of low polarity have a low δ of about 7.3; highly polar water has a high δ of 23.4. Solubility parameters, however, are just a first approximation to the polarity of an organic solvent. Also important to generalized polarity, and hence solvent power, are dipole moment and hydrogen-bonding capacity. Symmetrical carbon tetrachloride and some aromatics with low gross dipole moment and poor hydrogen-bonding capacity have a solubility parameter of about 8.5. In contrast, methyl propyl ketone has almost the same solubility parameter, 8.7, but quite strong hydrogen-bonding capacity and a definite dipole moment. Thus, no one figure of merit alone describes the “polarity” of an organic solvent.
- For the practice of the present invention a compatibilizing agent preferably having a solubility parameter from about 7.0 to about 14.0 and moderate to strong hydrogen-bonding capacity. Suitable classes of organic solvents are alcohols, ketones, esters, and ethers. Preferred compatibilizing agents are straight-chain, branched-chain, and alicyclic alcohols with from six to 14 carbon atoms. Especially preferred compounds for compatibilizing agents are the hexanols, the heptanols, the octanols, the nonyl alcohols, the decanols, and the dodecanols.
- The fuel conditioner component of this invention may additionally include a hydrophilic separant which decreases the amount of water in the hydrocarbon fuel, thus improving combustion. Suitable separants for practicing the current invention are ethers of glycols or polyglycols, especially monoethers. Monoethers are preferred over diethers in the practice of the present invention.
- Examples of such compounds which may be used are the monoethers of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, alphabutylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol, beta-butylene glycol, isobutylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, hexylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2-methyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol. Some monoethers include ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethylether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-(n-butyl) ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-(n-butyl) ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monocyclohexylether, ethylene glycol monobenzyl ether, triethylene glycol monophenethyl ether, butylene glycol mono-(p-(n-butoxy) phenyl) ether, trimethylene glycol mono(alkylphenyl) ether, tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-isopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monoisobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monohexyl ether, triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monoethyl ether, 1-butoxyethoxy-2-propanol, monophenyl ether of polypropylene glycol having an average molecular weight of about 975 to 1075, and monophenyl ether of polypropylene glycol wherein the polyglycol has a average molecular weight of about 400 to 450, monophenyl ether of polypropylene glycol wherein the polypropylene glycol has an average molecular weight of about 975 to 1075. Such compounds are sold commercially under trade names such as Butyl CELLOSOLVE, Ethyl CELLOSOLVE, Hexyl CELLOSOLVE, Methyl CARBITOL, Butyl CARBITOL, DOWANOL Glycol ethers, and the like.
- The composition of this invention may additionally comprise a suitable amount of a carrier oil or fluidizer selected from the group consisting of petroleum-based oils, mineral oils, polypropylene compounds having a molecular weight in the range of about 500 to about 3000, polyisobutylene compounds having a molecular weight in the range of about 500 to about 3000, polyoxyalkylene compounds having a molecular weight in the range of about 500 to about 3000, and polybutyl and polyisobutyl alcohols containing polybutyl or polyisobutyl radicals derived from polyisobutene and up to 20% by weight of n-butene, corresponding carboxylates of the polybutyl or polyisobutyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof. Petroleum based oils which may be employed include top cylinder oils as well as both natural and synthetic naphthenic and paraffinic base stock oils of relatively high viscosity, including so-called Solvent Neutral Oils (SNO) such as SNO-500 and SNO-600. Mineral oils which may be employed include so-called “light” mineral oils, i.e. those petroleum, aliphatic or alicyclic fractions having a viscosity less than about 10,000 SUS at 250° C. A mixture of hydrocarbon fractions may also be employed in place of a base stock. The above-described polybutyl and polyisobutyl alcohols include those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,859,210 (Franz et al.), incorporated herein by reference. As used in this description and in the appended claims, the terms “carrier oil” and “fluidizer” are interchangeable, as will be readily understood by those skilled in the art.
- Given the presence of the many constituents described above, a wide variety of proportions are suitable for the additive composition of this invention. Below a “Useful Range” and a “Preferred Range” are given in weight percent, based upon the total weight of the additive composition:
TABLE 2 Table 2 Component Useful Range Preferred Range Detergent Component 10-90 20-70 Polar Oxygenated Compound 10-70 20-60 Compatibilizing Agent 10-70 15-40 Hydrophilic Separant 0-40 0-30 - The additive composition of this invention may be employed in a wide variety of biodiesel containing fuels for a variety of engines. Preferred biodiesel fuel compositions for use with the additive composition of this invention are those intended for use in glow plug ignition internal combustion diesel engines. Such biodiesel fuel compositions comprise a desired percentage of biodiesel in the range of from about 2% to about 100% in admixture with petroleum based diesel fuel stocks. In addition, the biodiesel fuel composition may additionally comprise other additives typically employed in biodiesel fuels, such as anti-icing additives, upper cylinder lubricating oils, carburetor detergents, anti-corrosion additives, de-emulsifying agents, odor suppressors, and the like.
- Throughout the specification, examples and claims the following definitions are used.
- Cetane Number (CN) means the measure of ignition quality of diesel fuel based on ignition delay in an engine. The higher the Cetane number is the shorter the ignition delay and the better the ignition quality.
- Cloud Point means the temperature at which a sample of a petroleum product just shows a cloud or haze of wax crystals when it is cooled under standard test conditions, as defined in ASTM D 2500.
- Pour Point means the lowest temperature at which a petroleum product will just flow when tested under standard conditions, as defined in ASTM D97.
- ASTM means the American Society for Testing and Materials.
- The advantages of using additive composition to biodiesel fuels include lowering HC emissions, lowering CO emissions, significantly reducing PM emissions thus providing much lower smoke and particulate emissions, accelerating combustion process thereby improving fuel economy and reduced engine noise, reducing cold start and gum formation tendencies, and reduces deposit formation in engines.
Claims (16)
1. A biodiesel fuel additive composition which accelerates combustion phenomenon, reduces ignition delay, improves Cetane number, and reduces particulate emissions while retaining or improving diesel engine performance comprising a mixture of: (a) a fuel conditioner component comprising: (i) from about 10 to about 70 weight percent, based upon the total weight of the additive, of a polar oxygenated hydrocarbon having an average molecular weight in the range of about 200 to about 500, an acid number in the range of about 25 to about 175, and a saponification number in the range of about 30 to about 250, and (ii) from about 10 to about 70 weight percent, based upon the total of the additive, of an oxygenated compatibilizing agent preferably having a solubility parameter in the range of about 7.0 to about 14.0 and moderate to strong hydrogen capacity.
2. The biodiesel fuel additive composition according to claim 1 is for use in biodiesel in an amount of from about 2% to about 100% by volume.
3. The biodiesel fuel additive composition according to claim 1 , for use with a diesel fuel containing biodiesel in an amount of up to 50% by volume.
4. The biodiesel fuel additive composition according to claim 1 , wherein said additive composition is added to the base fuel in an amount of from about 50 ppm to about 500 ppm.
5. The biodiesel fuel additive composition according to claim 1 , wherein said additive composition is added to the base fuel containing a detergent in an amount of from about 100 ppm to about 1500 ppm.
6. The biodiesel fuel additive composition according to claim 1 , wherein said additive composition is added to the base fuel simultaneously with any other additives.
7. The biodiesel fuel additive composition according to claim 1 , wherein said additive composition is added to the base fuel after any other additives have been added.
8. The biodiesel fuel additive composition according to claim 1 , wherein said additive composition is added to the base fuel before any other additives are added.
9. A biodiesel fuel additive composition which accelerates combustion phenomenon, reduces ignition delay, improves Cetane number, and reduces particulate emissions while retaining or improving diesel engine performance comprising a mixture of: (a) from about 10 to about 90 weight percent, based upon the total weight of the additive, of a detergent component selected from the group consisting of (i) a reaction product of: (A) a substituted hydrocarbon of the formula
R1-X (I)
wherein R1 is a hydrocarbyl radical having a molecular weight in the range of about 150 to about 10,000, and X is selected from the group consisting of halogens, succinic anhydride and succinic dibasic acid, and (B) an amino compound of the formula
H—(NH-(A)m)n-Y-R2 (II)
wherein Y is O or NR5′, R5 being H or a hydrocarbyl radical having 1-30 carbon atoms; A is a straight chain or branched chain alkylene radical having 1-30 carbon atoms; m has a value in the range of 1-15; n has a value in the range of 0-6; and R2 is selected from the group consisting of H, a hydrocarbyl radical having a molecular weight in the range of about 15 to about 10,000, and a homopolymeric or heteropolymeric polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula
R3-((Q)a(T)b(Z)c)d- (III)
wherein R3 is H or a hydrocarbyl radical having 1-30 carbon atoms, Q, T, and Z are polyoxyalkylene moieties having 1-6 carbon atoms, a, b and c each have values ranging from 0-30, and d has a value in the range of 1-50, and (ii) a polybutylamine or polyisobutylamine of the formula
where R11 is a polybutyl or polyisobutyl radical derived from isobutene and up to 20% by weight of n-butene and R12 and R13 are identical or different and are each hydrogen, an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, a primary or secondary, aromatic or aliphatic aminoalkylene radical or polyaminoalkylene radical, a polyoxyalkylene radical or a heteroaryl or heterocyclyl radical, or, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a ring in which further hetero atoms may be present; and (b) a fuel conditioner component comprising: (i) from about 10 to about 70 weight percent, based upon the total weight of the additive, of a polar oxygenated hydrocarbon having an average molecular weight in the range of about 200 to about 500, an acid number in the range of about 25 to about 175, and a saponification number in the range of about 30 to about 250, and (ii) from about 10 to about 70 weight percent, based upon the total of the additive, of an oxygenated compatibilizing agent preferably having a solubility parameter in the range of about 7.0 to about 14.0 and moderate to strong hydrogen capacity.
10. The biodiesel fuel additive composition according to claim 9 is for use in biodiesel in an amount of from about 2% to about 100% by volume.
11. The biodiesel fuel additive composition according to claim 9 , for use with a diesel fuel containing biodiesel in an amount of up to 50% by volume.
12. The biodiesel fuel additive composition according to claim 9 , wherein said additive composition is added to the base fuel simultaneously with any other additives.
13. The biodiesel fuel additive composition according to claim 9 , wherein said additive composition is added to the base fuel after any other additives have been added.
14. The biodiesel fuel additive composition according to claim 9 , wherein said additive composition is added to the base fuel before any other additives are added.
15. The biodiesel fuel additive composition according to claim 9 , wherein said additive composition is added to the base fuel in an amount of from about 50 ppm to about 500 ppm.
16. The biodiesel fuel additive composition according to claim 9 , wherein said additive composition is added to the base fuel containing a detergent in an amount of from about 100 ppm to about 1500 ppm.
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US10/709,868 US20050268535A1 (en) | 2004-06-02 | 2004-06-02 | Biodiesel motor fule additive composition |
PCT/US2005/019216 WO2005121285A2 (en) | 2004-06-02 | 2005-06-02 | Biodiesel motor fuel additive composition |
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US10/709,868 US20050268535A1 (en) | 2004-06-02 | 2004-06-02 | Biodiesel motor fule additive composition |
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US10/709,868 Abandoned US20050268535A1 (en) | 2004-06-02 | 2004-06-02 | Biodiesel motor fule additive composition |
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Cited By (3)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US20060236598A1 (en) * | 2005-04-26 | 2006-10-26 | Flint Hills Resources, L.P. | Low temperature biodiesel diesel blend |
US20080022584A1 (en) * | 2006-07-26 | 2008-01-31 | Mark Schomann | Alternative organic fuel formulations including vegetable oil |
US20100313467A1 (en) * | 2009-06-16 | 2010-12-16 | Meadwestvaco Corporation | Diesel fuel compositions containing levulinate ester |
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US4753661A (en) * | 1986-01-21 | 1988-06-28 | Polar Molecular Corporation | Fuel conditioner |
US6361573B1 (en) * | 1999-08-31 | 2002-03-26 | Ethyl Corporation | Fuel dispersants with enhanced lubricity |
US6379530B1 (en) * | 1997-12-20 | 2002-04-30 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Polyisobutene substituted succinimides |
US6488723B2 (en) * | 1990-03-05 | 2002-12-03 | Alfred Richard Nelson | Motor fuel additive composition and method for preparation thereof |
US6719815B2 (en) * | 1999-12-27 | 2004-04-13 | Purac Biochem B.V. | Fuel composition |
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US5551957A (en) * | 1992-05-06 | 1996-09-03 | Ethyl Corporation | Compostions for control of induction system deposits |
-
2004
- 2004-06-02 US US10/709,868 patent/US20050268535A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
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- 2005-06-02 WO PCT/US2005/019216 patent/WO2005121285A2/en active Application Filing
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US4753661A (en) * | 1986-01-21 | 1988-06-28 | Polar Molecular Corporation | Fuel conditioner |
US6488723B2 (en) * | 1990-03-05 | 2002-12-03 | Alfred Richard Nelson | Motor fuel additive composition and method for preparation thereof |
US6379530B1 (en) * | 1997-12-20 | 2002-04-30 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Polyisobutene substituted succinimides |
US6361573B1 (en) * | 1999-08-31 | 2002-03-26 | Ethyl Corporation | Fuel dispersants with enhanced lubricity |
US6719815B2 (en) * | 1999-12-27 | 2004-04-13 | Purac Biochem B.V. | Fuel composition |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20060236598A1 (en) * | 2005-04-26 | 2006-10-26 | Flint Hills Resources, L.P. | Low temperature biodiesel diesel blend |
US20080022584A1 (en) * | 2006-07-26 | 2008-01-31 | Mark Schomann | Alternative organic fuel formulations including vegetable oil |
US7901469B2 (en) | 2006-07-26 | 2011-03-08 | Alternative Fuels Group Inc. | Alternative organic fuel formulations including vegetable oil |
US20100313467A1 (en) * | 2009-06-16 | 2010-12-16 | Meadwestvaco Corporation | Diesel fuel compositions containing levulinate ester |
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