US20050250493A1 - Terminated call control for roaming cellular telephony - Google Patents

Terminated call control for roaming cellular telephony Download PDF

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Publication number
US20050250493A1
US20050250493A1 US10/987,207 US98720704A US2005250493A1 US 20050250493 A1 US20050250493 A1 US 20050250493A1 US 98720704 A US98720704 A US 98720704A US 2005250493 A1 US2005250493 A1 US 2005250493A1
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Prior art keywords
call
forwarding
roaming
forwarded
details
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US10/987,207
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Shany Elkarat
Kobi Fester
Noam Danon
Shai Dagan
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Tomia
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Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US10/987,207 priority Critical patent/US20050250493A1/en
Assigned to STARHOME GMBH reassignment STARHOME GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DAGAN, SHAI, DANON, NOAM, ELKARAT, SHANY, FESTER, KOBI
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Priority to US12/916,669 priority patent/US8644802B2/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/16—Communication-related supplementary services, e.g. call-transfer or call-hold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M3/42—Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers
    • H04M3/50—Centralised arrangements for answering calls; Centralised arrangements for recording messages for absent or busy subscribers ; Centralised arrangements for recording messages
    • H04M3/53—Centralised arrangements for recording incoming messages, i.e. mailbox systems
    • H04M3/533—Voice mail systems
    • H04M3/53308—Message originator indirectly connected to the message centre, e.g. after detection of busy or absent state of a called party
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H04W8/02—Processing of mobility data, e.g. registration information at HLR [Home Location Register] or VLR [Visitor Location Register]; Transfer of mobility data, e.g. between HLR, VLR or external networks
    • H04W8/06—Registration at serving network Location Register, VLR or user mobility server
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M2203/00—Aspects of automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M2203/45—Aspects of automatic or semi-automatic exchanges related to voicemail messaging
    • H04M2203/4536—Voicemail combined with text-based messaging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M2207/00—Type of exchange or network, i.e. telephonic medium, in which the telephonic communication takes place
    • H04M2207/18—Type of exchange or network, i.e. telephonic medium, in which the telephonic communication takes place wireless networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M3/42—Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers
    • H04M3/48—Arrangements for recalling a calling subscriber when the wanted subscriber ceases to be busy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M3/42—Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers
    • H04M3/50—Centralised arrangements for answering calls; Centralised arrangements for recording messages for absent or busy subscribers ; Centralised arrangements for recording messages
    • H04M3/53—Centralised arrangements for recording incoming messages, i.e. mailbox systems
    • H04M3/537—Arrangements for indicating the presence of a recorded message, whereby the presence information might include a preview or summary of the message
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M3/42—Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers
    • H04M3/54—Arrangements for diverting calls for one subscriber to another predetermined subscriber
    • H04M3/545—Arrangements for diverting calls for one subscriber to another predetermined subscriber with loop avoiding arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/12—Messaging; Mailboxes; Announcements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/20—Manipulation of established connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H04W8/02—Processing of mobility data, e.g. registration information at HLR [Home Location Register] or VLR [Visitor Location Register]; Transfer of mobility data, e.g. between HLR, VLR or external networks
    • H04W8/08—Mobility data transfer
    • H04W8/082—Mobility data transfer for traffic bypassing of mobility servers, e.g. location registers, home PLMNs or home agents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/16—Gateway arrangements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods, systems and apparatus for terminated call control for roaming cellular telephony.
  • VLR home location register
  • tromboning One phenomenon that occurs with International calls to roamers occurs with call forwarding to mailboxes or to other numbers and is known as tromboning.
  • the calling party calls the roamer who does not answer.
  • the unsuccessful caller is then forwarded from the roamer to the roamer's mailbox where he leaves a message.
  • the calling party is connected via an outgoing international leg to the roamer and then via a second incoming international leg back to the roamer's home network where his voicemail is located.
  • the calling party pays for a local call, since he dialed a local number.
  • the called party however has to pay for two international legs of the call, all this for a call that he did not even answer.
  • the phenomenon is known as tromboning, and leads to substantial ill feeling and customer care issues with subscribers, so much so that many are induced not to use roaming at all, or at least to cancel their mailboxes whilst roaming, leading to substantial loss of opportunity for farther calls.
  • Late Call Forwarding is performed conditionally due to the subscriber's inability to answer a call routed to the handset. Conversely, Early Call Forwarding is performed without the network's attempt to route the call to the handset. This happens when the handset is shut off or when the subscriber requests unconditional forwarding of all incoming calls. Late Call Forwarding for busy/no-answer/not-reachable conditions can be configured to any number, usually to the subscriber's voice mailbox.
  • the visited network routes the call back to the home voicemail system (the default setting for most roamers). This in turn causes inefficient international tromboning, resulting in a negative impact on the caller and subscriber experience, and forces roamers to pay international tariffs for voicemail deposits.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the double international link known as tromboning that results from attempts to deal with non-completed calls in a roaming environment.
  • a call is made to a user who is currently roaming.
  • the call is initially referred to the user's HLR at his home network 10 .
  • the call is then forwarded to the roaming network 12 where the user is currently roaming.
  • the user does not answer and the call is forwarded from the roaming network to the voicemail system 14 on the user's home network 10 .
  • the result is a double international connection, or trombone.
  • the data management unit comprises a matching unit for comparing details of the call being forwarded to the roamer with details of the call being forwarded to the forwarding location, thereby to obtain a match therebetween and obtain respective call details of the call being forwarded to the forwarding location.
  • the system may further comprise a release unit, associated with the call tracking unit, configured to indicate to the roaming network to release the call.
  • the system may further comprise a fording modification unit for changing forwarding setting of a given user when it is determined that the user is roaming.
  • the memory unit is a loop, for storing the details for a predetermined number of time slots.
  • the system may comprise a probe, associated with the call tracking unit and the call release unit, for identifying events comprising at least one of a call being forwarded to a roamer and a subsequent event of a call being forwarded to a predetermined forwarding location.
  • the system may be configured to use network triggers to identify events comprising at least one of a call being forwarded to a respective roamer and a call being forwarded to a predetermined forwarding location.
  • the system is preferably configured to route a matched call directly to the predetermined forwarding location.
  • the system is preferably configured to route a matched call according to preset forwarding rules.
  • the system may comprise a forwarding modification unit for modifying forwarding settings of given users when they are found to be roaming.
  • the system's comparator or matching unit is preferably able to compare details of the call being forwarded to the roamer with details of the call being forwarded to the forwarding location, thereby to connect the call being forwarded directly to the forwarding location.
  • the comparator is preferably able to compare details of the call being forwarded to the roamer with details of the call being forwarded to the forwarding location, thereby to obtain a match therebetween and obtain respective call details of the call being forwarded to the forwarding location.
  • the system may be configured to send the call details to the forwarding location, the call details comprising caller identity information.
  • the system may be configured to include the caller identity information in a text message to the roamer.
  • the forwarding location is a voicemail of the roamer.
  • the system may use different forwarding locations for different circumstances according to any kind of logical scheme, for example it may use a different forwarding location dependent upon a reason for forwarding the call from the roamer to the forwarding location.
  • the reasons used may include the roaming unit being unavailable to the network, the roaming unit being busy with another call, the roaming unit not answering, and a generic call not completed to the roamer.
  • the memory unit is a loop, for storing the details for a predetermined number of time slots.
  • a gateway for International roaming at roaming networks distinct from a home network with which the gateway and respective users are associated comprising:
  • the gateway may comprise a release unit, associated with the call management unit, configured to indicate to the roaming network to release the forward call.
  • the gateway may comprise a matching unit for matching between a routed call and the forwarding, thereby to obtain the retained information from the routed call for the forwarding.
  • the gateway may comprise a probe, associated with the call tracking unit and the call release unit, for identifying an event comprising at least one of the call being routed to the roamer and a subsequent event of the call being forwarded to the predetermined forwarding location.
  • the gateway may comprise a comparator for comparing details of calls being firstly routed to respective roaming users, with details of calls being forwarded to respective forwarding locations, thereby to match the calls and obtain call detail information corresponding to a call being forwarded to the forwarding location.
  • the gateway may comprise using the call detail information to directly connect the firstly forwarded call to the forwarding location within the confines of the home network.
  • the gateway may comprise a comparator for comparing details of the call being routed to the roamer with details of the call being forwarded to the forwarding location, thereby to obtain caller identification details of the call being forwarded.
  • the gateway may be configured to send the caller identification details to the forwarding location.
  • the gateway may be configured to include the identification details in a text message to the roamer.
  • the forwarding location may be a voicemail of the roamer, or there could be a number of locations depending on a logical scheme, for example different locations depending on whether the reason for forwarding is any of the roaming unit being unavailable to the network, the roaming unit being busy with another call, the roaming unit not answering, and a generic call not completed to the roamer.
  • a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for control of calls terminated without answering at a roaming user roaming on a network apart from a respective home network of the user, the method comprising at the home network,
  • the method may comprise forwarding the matched outward bound call directly to a forwarding location on the home network and issuing a release signal to a respective roaming network.
  • the details comprise caller identification information.
  • the method may comprise forwarding the caller identification information to a predetermined forwarding location.
  • the predetermined forwarding location is a voicemail.
  • Implementation of the method and system of the present invention involves performing or completing certain selected tasks or steps manually, automatically, or a combination thereof.
  • several selected steps could be implemented by hardware or by software on any operating system of any firmware or a combination thereof.
  • selected steps of the invention could be implemented as a chip or a circuit.
  • selected steps of the invention could be implemented as a plurality of software instructions being executed by a computer using any suitable operating system.
  • selected steps of the method and system of the invention could be described as being performed by a data processor, such as a computing platform for executing a plurality of instructions.
  • FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram showing how a double international connection or trombone is formed in the currently known art when a call to a roamer is forwarded to his voicemail;
  • FIG. 2 is a simplified diagram illustrating a generalized embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a simplified diagram illustrating a version of the embodiment of FIG. 2 based on an International Intelligent gateway and referred to herein as optimal voicemail deposit (OVMD);
  • OVMD optimal voicemail deposit
  • FIG. 4 is a simplified diagram illustrating message flow processes over a system similar to that shown in FIG. 3 for an unanswered call
  • FIG. 5 is a simplified diagram illustrating a different flow process over a system similar to that shown in FIG. 3 ;
  • FIG. 6 is a simplified diagram illustrating yet a further flow process over a system similar to that shown in FIG. 3 ;
  • FIG. 7 is a simplified diagram illustrating a flow process for deactivating a previously set forward to number over a system similar to that shown in FIG. 3 ;
  • FIG. 8 is a simplified diagram illustrating an alternative flow process for deactivation of a previously set forward to number over a system similar to that shown in FIG. 3 ;
  • FIG. 9 is a simplified diagram illustrating the process involved in forwarding a call based on a cause given at the roaming network
  • FIG. 10 is a simplified diagram illustrating a first preferred connection configuration for a signaling relay module according to one preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a simplified diagram illustrating a second preferred connection configuration for a signaling relay module according to one preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a simplified configuration diagram showing how an application to identify callers to roaming users can be used in conjunction with a network local application to identify callers to local users;
  • FIG. 13 is a simplified flow chart illustrating a preferred procedure for identifying a calling party to a roaming user according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 14 is a simplified schematic diagram illustrating the call flow in the case of the call being terminated following no answer at the roaming device
  • FIG. 15 is a simplified diagram illustrating call flow for late call forwarding cases
  • FIG. 16 is a simplified diagram illustrating call flow for early call forwarding cases
  • FIG. 17 illustrates signaling flow for the early forwarding cases
  • FIG. 18 illustrates call flow for a further preferred embodiment for Optimal VoiceMail Deposit based on an IN architecture
  • FIG. 19 depicts the call flow for the Optimal VM Deposit based on ISUP and ‘Loop-Back’ architecture.
  • the present embodiments comprise a method for control of calls terminated without answering at a roaming user roaming on a network apart from a respective home network of said user, the method is based on the home network, and involves monitoring outward bound calls to roaming users and obtaining data of said outward bound calls, monitoring inward forwarding of said calls unanswered by said roaming users, and matching between said outward bound and inward forwarding, thereby to find respective obtained data of said inward forwarded calls and thus confer control of processing of unanswered calls to said home network. Matching between outgoing roaming calls and incoming call terminations, allows the international leg of the call can be released and the originating outgoing call can be connected to the voicemail or other forwarding location directly.
  • call detail information such as caller ID, generally lost over the International connection
  • caller ID can be used in a text message to the roamer to inform him that he has a voice mail from the given user ID or that an attempt was made to contact him from that user ID.
  • the system of the present embodiments is managed at an International gateway of the roamer's home network, referred to hereinbelow as an Intelligent Gateway or by its abbreviations Intelligate or IG.
  • an Intelligent Gateway or by its abbreviations Intelligate or IG.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an unanswered call management system 20 for calls made to a roaming user 16 currently connected in a, roaming network 12 , the roaming network being distinct from his home network 14 .
  • the system comprises a tracking unit 21 which tracks international calls for a given network, either via a probe or directly, depending on the kind of network, as will be explained below.
  • a forwarding modification unit 24 modifies forwarding settings for a given roaming user, as will be explained hereinbelow.
  • a release unit 23 which is in contact with the tracking unit and tells the roaming network that the given call is to be released.
  • the release unit is configured to indicate to the roaming network that the call is released, and to indicate to the call forwarding unit that the initial call is to be forwarded directly to the predetermined forwarding location. That is to say the system detects that the call has become unanswered at the roaming network, finds the originating call, releases the International leg and connects the originating call directly to the forwarding location.
  • caller details such as caller ID to be passed on to the voicemail.
  • caller details can be incorporated into a text message and sent to the roamer.
  • the roamer can be informed about unanswered calls and about waiting voicemail deposits.
  • memory unit 22 is a loop, for storing said details for a predetermined number of time slots.
  • An embodiment comprises a probe 116 (see FIG. 3 ), associated with the call forwarding unit and the call release unit, for identifying said call being forwarded to said roamer and subsequently to said predetermined forwarding location.
  • a matching unit or comparator 26 for comparing details of the call being forwarded to the roamer (the outbound leg) with details of the call being forwarded to the forwarding location. It thus becomes possible to connect the call being forwarded directly to the forwarding location.
  • the comparator allows identification details of the call being forwarded to be obtained directly from the call originator.
  • identification details can then be sent to the forwarding location, say the roamer's voicemail. Alternatively, or in addition, they may be included in a text message to the roamer.
  • the forwarding location may be different dependent upon a reason for forwarding the call.
  • the roamer may want the call forwarded to his voicemail in certain cases but to his office in other cases for example.
  • Reasons for call termination include the roaming unit being unavailable to the network, that is not connected, the roaming unit being busy with another call, the roaming unit simply not answering, and there may be a generic call not completed case, say if the roaming network does not manage to communicate the reason for failed call completion to the roamer.
  • MCN Missed Call Notification
  • OVMD Optimal Voicemail Deposit
  • Optimal Voicemail Deposit overcome the problem of international tromboning, which essentially is caused by incomplete siring when a called party, traveling abroad, cannot answer a call and the call is diverted to the home VMS or to another pre-set forwarding destination.
  • Optimal Voicemail Deposit improves the caller's experience and significantly reduces the cost of voicemail deposits billed to the roaming subscriber, thereby allowing mobile operators to regain previously lost revenue.
  • the Optimal Voicemail Deposit service provides the following benefits:
  • RDR ReDirection Reason A IAM/ISUP parameter that indication why the call was transferred to the voicemail systcm. Also used in SNAP protocol SNAP Simple Notification and Alarming Protocol (pending recognition as industrial standard) - version 3.1 VMS Voice Mail System WHC Comverse Who Called WHCfR Starhome Who Called for Roamers WSE WHCfR Sends Event
  • FIG. 3 is a simplified schematic diagram depicting a preferred embodiment of the present invention referred to herein as Optimal Voicemail Deposit or OVMD.
  • the figure shows the system architecture and interfaces, according to OVMD embodiment of the present invention.
  • an Intelligate unit 114 manages roaming connections with external networks.
  • a probe 116 monitors intentional MAP links 118 and is able to follow calls being set up with roamers, calls to roamers being unanswered and the like. With information from the probe, the Intelligate is able to positively control call forwarding so that International tromboning does not occur.
  • the way in which this controlled call forwarding is carried out depends on the kind of network involved, and a number of different variations are described below.
  • the Optimal Voicemail Deposit system based on the IntelliGate Roaming SDP 114 can be integrated with the operator's network via GMSC 120 using one of the following two signaling methods:
  • the present embodiments provide a genetic technical solution for the service.
  • the final delivered solution to the operator must be adjusted to the specific network configuration and parameters such as: network size and topology, traffic volume, INAP vendor's variant, CAMEL version if relevant and the operator's preferences, as will be apparent to the person skilled in the art.
  • the IntelliGate unit 114 controls mobile unanswered delivered to outbound roaming subscribers. This solution is suitable for networks that are already IN or CAMEL ready and/or networks that experience a relatively high outbound rowing traffic.
  • call control is performed using a combination of Trigger Detection Points and Event Detection points, as will be explained.
  • call control is performed using ISUP signaling.
  • the IntelliGate 114 directly routes the call to the called party's voicemail system using only HMPN resources, along with the original called number, as if it was a local call in the home network.
  • the IntelliGate is connected to the MSC. Call control does not require connecting the IntelliGate to the network via voice channels. Rather SS7 signaling links are only used to convey ISUP signaling. This inter-connection is achieved by utilizing a Loop-Around technique on the MSC. The loop around technique is now described.
  • Every call requires two ports on the MSC. These ports are connected together to form a loop using a cable so that there is always a voice path between these two ports.
  • the International Intelligent gateway or IntelliGate 114 uses the ISUP signaling for call control to control the looped-around ports using standard ISUP messages.
  • the IntelliGate controls the forwarding settings of roaming subscribers automatically when registering to a foreign network as well when returning back to the operator's network. Control has mainly to do with deactivating and reactivating the forwarding.
  • the HLR interface is based on standard SS7/MAP signaling.
  • the Intelligate is typically provided with an SS7 compatible probe 116 for monitoring SS7 signaling traffic over International links.
  • the probe known as the SS7 Mobility Probe allows the IntelliGate to have access to the operator's international SCCP signaling links in a completely passive mode.
  • This interface is used to obtain the relevant subscriber information such as the MSISDN and the forwarding-to-number (FTN).
  • FTN forwarding-to-number
  • probe and probe interface can be excluded from the final solution, for example when both the following conditions occur:
  • the Intelligate is preferably provided with a provisioning interface 122 .
  • Provisioning interface 122 allows the management of application parameters and subscriber lists.
  • the operator allows the provisioning of IMSI/MSISDN numbers of those subscribers who are entitled to use the Optimal Voicemail Deposit service (white list).
  • the same interface can be used to block the service for pre-paid users or certain user groups (block list).
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the message flow in the various sages of forwarding an unanswered call.
  • the process of forwarding an unanswered call according to the present embodiments begins before the call to the roamer is left unanswered.
  • a first stage is the service initial stage, which is now described.
  • the service initial process refers to non call-related processing. This process includes three main activities:
  • the IntelliGate 114 Using its Mobility Probe 116 , the IntelliGate 114 automatically detects a registration event of any outbound roamer belonging to the current network. By monitoring the registration messages such as MAP UpdateLocation and MAP_ISD, the IntelliGate 114 collects the information necessary for the application such as the correlation of the IMSI to MSISDN and the configured FTN's. The system supports both optimal call forwarding to any number or call forwarding only to voicemail. The correlation between IMSI and MSISDN is not required when forwarding to voicemail.
  • the IntelliGate can understand the subscriber's profile. Based on the forwarding profile we can categorize the subscribers into “default” subscribers and “advanced” subscribers. If the subscriber has requested a different FIN for different cases then the subscriber's profile is considered “advanced”. If all cases are forwarded to the voicemail or disabled then the subscriber's profile considered “default”.
  • Some networks automatically disable call forwarding for roamers; in this case the OVMD service can automatically “learn” the original CF profile of the subscriber and act accordingly.
  • the service uses MAP_INTERROGATE_SS or MAP_SRI requests to the HLR to retrieve the CF information. The information retrieved is used to determine whether or not call forwarding is enabled for the subscriber.
  • the decision to check the HLR is configured and provisioned in the IntelliGate 114 according to the presently preferred embodiments.
  • the IntelliGate 114 sends, if configured (when the network doesn't disable FTN automatically), a MAP_Deactivate_SS message to the HLR and thereby is able to avoid international forwarding from the VPMN to HPMN during roaming.
  • the deactivation is preferably according to the following rules based on FIN values:
  • the system preferably checks for any changes in the forwarding information by the subscriber or Customer Care. Both changes appear in a MAP_ISD sent to the serving VLR. The message is preferably monitored and the system may act to reinstate the required changes for the subscriber in order to provide the service according to the following rules, based on the subscriber's requested forward to number, FTN.
  • the GMSC 108 receives an MT call destined to an outbound roamer.
  • the GMSC after interrogating the HLR and receiving the MSRN, grants call control to the IntelliGate 114 using INAP or ISUP as appropriate.
  • the main difference between ISUP and IN signaling is the availability of the original called number, i.e. the roamer's MSISDN.
  • the GMSC itself normally does not provide that number in an outgoing call to an international destination, only the MSRN is used for routing. With IN protocols it is anticipated that the OCN is provided as part of the IN query sent by the MSC/SSP.
  • the present embodiments provide a solution for the missing MT MSISDN based on monitoring the MAP signaling as described below.
  • the operator may wish to acquire a solution from its MSC vendor.
  • the IntelliGate 114 routes the call via the GMSC 108 and the international carrier 124 to VPMN 126 at the roamer's current location.
  • the visited serving MSC tries to extend the call to the roamer.
  • the roamer may not answer for any of the three reasons—no reply, busy and not reachable.
  • the IntelliGate 114 offers two scenarios which can be configured for the convenience of the network operator.
  • the visited MSC/VLR has no active forwarding information and therefore releases the call.
  • the IntelliGate 114 receives the release signal from the visited MSC, it forwards the call via the GMSC to the pre-configured FIN which will in many cases be the VMS.
  • the IntelliGate will make the caller's CLI and the roamer's MSISDN available to the VMS.
  • the IntelliGate For DLCF function, if the IntelliGate receives a meaningful release cause it preferably forwards the call according to the value to the FTN indicated in the profile for that release cause.
  • the VMSC forwards the call to the requested FTN. If the requested FTN is the voicemail, in fact the usual default, then the call is routed back to the HPMN.
  • the IntelliGate receives the forwarded call, then the call itself is released. This, in turn, causes the originally routed call to be released. That is to say the double international leg or trombone is released. Upon receiving this release the IntelliGate routes the originator's call via the GMSC to the reconfigured MN, which is in most cases, the VMS. The IntelliGate then makes available the caller's CLI and the roamer's MSISDN to the VMS.
  • Some networks may not receive the release cause from the international links, say Busy, etc.
  • the release caused received is changed to a default or common cause, for example: NORMAL UNSPECIFIED.
  • the Optimal Voicemail Deposit service ensue that once the roamer returns to its HPMN the original forwarding settings arm reactivated. This is done by monitoring the MAP_CANCEL message on the international signaling links. Per each detected CANCEL message the time interval between this event and the prior MAP_ISD event is measured. If this time is longer than a predefined time parameter then the IntelliGate queries the HLR using the MAP_SRI_SM message to obtain the address of the roamer's serving MSC/VLR. If the MSC/VLR's address belongs to HPMN's network than it is concluded td the roamer has returned to the home network. In this case the IntelliGate sends a MAP_Activate_SS message to the HLR.
  • Networks which have deactivated call forwarding automatically on roaming typically have to reactivate the original call forwarding when the subscriber returns home.
  • FIG. 5 depicts the call flow for the Optimal Voicemail Deposit based on IN architecture. Parts that are the same as in previous figures are given the same reference numerals and are not referred to again except as necessary for understanding the present embodiment.
  • the IN protocol can be NAP CS-1 or CAP (for CAMEL enabled subscribers having an associated T-CSI record). The probe is typically not required.
  • the generic call flow is presented below in Table 2, with stage numbers referring to FIG. 5 .
  • the generic call flow may be customized to Operator's specifications.
  • TABLE 2 IN-based Call Flow for Not Reachable (CFNRC) Prior to the call flow Late Call Forwarding (Busy and No Reply) has been deactivated in the HLR (by IntelliGate or network).
  • Step 1 A mobile terminated (MT) call arrives to the operator's-GMSC.
  • Step 1a The GMSC interrogates the HLR for routing information (MAP_SRI).
  • Step 2 The foreign VLR-address arms a Trigger Detection Point causing the GMSC to send an IDP [CLI, MSRN, MSISDN(optional), IMSI(optional)] to the IntelliGate.
  • Step 3 The IntelliGate processes the request and sends to the GMSC Connect [MSRN] and RRB messages. Other control signals such as for charging support may be sent upon the operator's requirements.
  • Step 4 The GMSC arms an Event Detection Point for the call and routes the call to the VPMN.
  • Step 5 The VMSC attempts to route the call to the destination MS. The call is not answered. Step 6 The VMSC releases the call with a corresponding release cause (no CF). Note: in case the roamer is not reachable (NoReachable) the call is redirected back to the HPMN.
  • the H-GMSC is preconfigured to redirect incoming calls to VMS DN to the IntelliGate, which releases the calls (eliminating the trombone) and redirects locally to the VM.
  • Step 7 The GMSC sends an ERB message to the IntelliGate reporting about the call release.
  • Step 9 The GMSC routes the call to the VMS system.
  • the GMSC is preferably configured to send an additional trigger to the IntelliGate to allow the Optimal Voicemail Deposit service to release the call, and thereby release the trombone.
  • the trombone release causes a release in the first call leg that instructs the service to redirect the call to the voicemail, locally.
  • FIG. 6 is a simplified diagram illustrating IN-based Call Flow without CFNRC Deactivation. Parts that are the same as in previous figures are given the same reference numerals and are not referred to again except as necessary for understanding the present embodiment. The numbers in the figure refer to Table 3 below which describes the procedure.
  • TABLE 3 IN-based Call Flow without CFNRC Deactivation Step 1 A mobile terminated (MT) call arrives to the operator's GMSC. Step 1a The GMSC interrogates the HLR for routing information (MAP_SRI). Step 1b The HLR interrogates the serving VLR using the MAP_PRN message and returns a MSRN to the IntelliGate.
  • MT mobile terminated
  • Step 2 The foreign VLR-address arms a Trigger Detection Point causing the GMSC to send an IDP [CLI, MSRN, MSISDN, IMSI] to the IntelliGate.
  • Step 3 The IntelliGate processes the request and sends to the GMSC Continue [MSRN] and RRB message. Other control signals such as for charging support may be sent upon the operator's requirements.
  • Step 4 The GMSC arms an Event Detection Point for the call and routes the call to the VPMN.
  • Step 5 The VMSC attempts to route the call to the destination MS. The subscriber is temporary not reachable.
  • Step 8 The IntelliGate releases the forwarded call causing a release on leg 3.
  • Step 9 The GMSC sends an ERB message to the IntelliGate reporting about the call release.
  • Step 11 The GMSC routes the call to the VMS system.
  • the prepaid system architecture introduces technical challenge to the flow of the service. The reason is that the pre-paid system is always the first to process the call.
  • the Optimal Voicemail Deposit processes the call after the pre-paid system the call, although answered by the local VMS, appears to the prepaid system as if the roamer was the one who answered. This in turn causes the pre-paid user to pay one international leg for VM deposit.
  • the present embodiments offer several solutions targeted for different network constellations and vendors. However if the operator prefers to block prepaid users from the service altogether then it can provision the application with either of the two:
  • Optimal Voicemail Deposit service offers operators the following benefits:
  • the method described up to now involves interfacing directly with the HLR, and sending a command modifying the forwarding information.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment that teaches sending an additional ISD (Insert Subscriber Data message) to the serving VLR, overriding the previous ISD sent by the HLR.
  • ISD Intelligent Subscriber Data message
  • Such an additional ISD message preferably modifies the forwarding information at the serving VLR only, not touching the HLR.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment that teaches sending of a DSD to the serving VLR, the DSD being a “Delete Subscriber Information” instruction, with which it is possible to delete the forwarding information only.
  • the ISD message is a somewhat large message, containing the full profile of the subscriber.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates an embodiment that uses an SRM (Signaling Relay Module), as described hereinabove.
  • SRM Signal Relay Module
  • An SRM is a signaling platform that is connected to the SS7 telephone signaling network at a given point. When connected it controls the SS7 traffic, generally consisting of GSM MAP messages, at that point, with the ability to modify signaling transactions or relay them with no modification.
  • the SRM can be used to implement some of the optional voicemail deposit embodiments that will be described below.
  • the transparent option illustrated in FIG. 10 , does not change the network structure at all, and therefore is transparent to the network.
  • STP 100 and GMSC 102 were connected directly to each other before SRM 104 was plugged into the network. After SRM 104 is added the SW and GMSC do not feel any change, each one sees the SRM, as it was the previous component they worked with.
  • the service node option (b) requires some routing modifications to the network, since it introduces a new entity to the network.
  • an originating node 106 originates a transaction, which passes initially to GMSC 108 .
  • Transactions reaching the GMSC 108 are now either routed via a first branch to SRM 110 by the GMSC, or via a second branch to destination mode 112 .
  • Transactions diverted to the SRM 110 instead of to the destination node 112 may later be routed later by the SRM to the destination node.
  • FIG. 12 is a simplified diagram showing the message exchange of a system for identifying an unanswered call to a roamer using a probe.
  • the messaging stages are numbered and are discussed in table 5, below.
  • TABLE 5 Handling Procedure at WHCfR for missed call notification Step 1 A mobile terminated (MT) call arrives at the GMSC.
  • the GMSC interrogates the HLR for routing information (MAP_SRI).
  • Step 2a The HLR interrogates the serving VLR (MAP_PRN) and receives the MSRN (MAP_PRN_ack).
  • the Probe captures these messages, thus providing the WHCfR application with the IMSI-MSRN assignment Step 3
  • the Probe captures the message, providing the WHCfR application with the CLI, MSRN Step 3a
  • the WHCfR handles the cases as described below Step 4
  • the WHCfR application initiates missed call notification to B number.
  • Step 4a In case the user has requested to forward his calls to VMS Step 4b In case the user has requestcd to forward his calls to a different number.
  • the probes monitor the incoming and outgoing international ISUP and MAP links for certain signals.
  • the signals are: IAM, SAM, ACM, ANM, REL, RLC.
  • the MAP case these are: MAP_PRN (+ack), MAP_ISD (+ack), MAP_Update_Location, MAP_CANCEL.
  • the WHCfR application preferably identifies the user location changes, and creates a mapping of MSISDN IMSI MSRN in order to tack outgoing calls and subsequent forwarding of the calls.
  • the probes look for correlations between the outgoing and incoming calls.
  • Any correlation between MSISDN IMSI MSRN is preferably saved until a MAP_CANCEL message is detected to the V-VLR (a new MSRN is assigned for the roamer).
  • the mapping shall be persistent during service restart (upgrade, fault recovery, shutdown, etc.).
  • Every unanswered call may tier be defined as a WHCfR event.
  • the unanswered call may be any of No Reply (no answer), Unreachable (page fault), and Busy.
  • the WHCfR can then monitor both outgoing and incoming calls on the international link to try and find a correlation with the calls that where forwarded back to the home network (to the Voicemail or to WHC local).
  • the decision whether to send a notification or not may be made by matching of the information elements or table 6 in the ISUP messages: TABLE 6 ISUP Elements for matching Incoming Call Outgoing from roamer Call to (call roamer forwarding) Remarks CLI CLI Same CLI in both directions DN (VM or Only redirected calls to the VM or WHC) WHC shall be handled. VM access number which is formulated (algorithm based) is out of scope of this MRD and shall be handled as a customization feature. Roamers DN OCN The mailbox owner is sent in the OCN field RDR (Busy or WHC local system deals only with Not cases of busy and not reachable. No Reachable) Answer is not handled by WHC local, thus shall be handled by WHCfR.
  • OCN field RDR Bussy or WHC local system deals only with Not cases of busy and not reachable. No Reachable
  • Answer is not handled by WHC local, thus shall be handled by WHCfR.
  • an option not to send WHCfR events for specific destinations in dependence on the release cause thus No Reply, Busy, Unreachable, or in accordance with other factors such as Mobile Country Code and Mobile Network Code or any combination of the above.
  • Such an option may prevent double notification for destinations with guaranteed CLI delivery.
  • WHCfR events are typically reported to the WHC application server over SNAP.
  • the WHCfR preferably passes the following fields (via SNAP) to WHC application:
  • the WHCfR application may use calling or A party CLIR information. Furthermore if the A party has its CLIR set to restricted—no WHCfR event is preferably issued.
  • Calls that have been answered by a network prompt (ANM with NO CHARGE indication) from the visited network are preferably considered as NOT answered calls and a WHCfR event is preferably sent.
  • an ISUP RELease message may not contain the actual release cause but a generic value. Such a case has been discussed above and need not limit the behavior of the WHCfR system.
  • Retry logic is set by a SNAP_NUMBER_OF_RETRIES parameter and a SNAP_RETRY_INTERVAL parameter.
  • FIG. 13 is a simplified flow chart that illustrates the logic flow of the above-described service.
  • WHCfR is liable to send a notification even if the call actually was answered by the called or B party, but with very short duration.
  • WHCfR may decide that it is dealing with a slam down without correlation and send an event even though the B party has answered and did not actually miss the call.
  • the system is for use without restriction to the kind of networks. Nevertheless the present embodiments especially concentrate on the network types given in Table 7, in order of priority: TABLE 7 network types to be supported in order of priority Capability Ph. 1 GSM over ITU 1 1 2 GSM over ANSI TBD 2 3 Proprietary SS7 formats (British, Japanese etc.) TBD 2
  • roaming subscribers tend to eider shut off the handset or not to answer calls (or at least some of the calls) especially when they are engaged in e.g. business meeting. For example, handsets may be shut off due to different time-zones (roamer is sleeping).
  • MCN can partially solve this problem: roamers who do not answer calls are able to receive an SMS with the details of the calling patty and therefore will try to get in contact with those who they want to.
  • MCN is becoming very popular in the local market.
  • One example of such a product for the local market is the Converse Who Called service.
  • CLI caller-ID
  • the only applicable case is the handset-off case since caller-ID (CLI) is available to an open handset. That is to say, as long as the telephone was switched on at the time the call was received, the calling number is saved for future reference. If the telephone was not switched on then an SMS arriving later with the details is valuable.
  • the caller ID is rarely passed on, and thus even if the roamer's phone was switched on at the time, a subsequently received SMS with the caller details would be helpful.
  • Missed Call Notification is thus a valuable service for outbound roaming subscribers. If the phone is off/busy or the traveler simply does not answer a call, the application automatically sends an SMS to the roamer indicating the missed call event along with its details: caller ID, time and date of call.
  • Such a missed call notification may be provided as a default to all outbound roamers. However, some operators may wish to provide it on a subscription based approach.
  • the MCN preferably detects an unanswered mobile terminated call to an outbound roamer, in any of the ways outlined in the preceding embodiments.
  • the MSC supplies the B-party's MSISDN then the MSISDN can be used as the address to send the SMS.
  • the MSC does not supply the MSISDN then the MSISDN has to be obtained using other means, for example real-time probing as with the OVMD embodiment above.
  • the missed call notification or MCN involves the following:
  • the MCN preferably incorporates detection of a mobile terminated call to an outbound roamer that was either forwarded to an FTN (e.g. a voicemail service) in the HPMN or released due to non forwarding settings by the called party.
  • FTN e.g. a voicemail service
  • the MCN Upon detection of the forwarded call the MCN involves the following:
  • This solution is based on a combination of MAP & ISUP monitoring and an active HLR modification process.
  • FIG. 14 is a simplified schematic diagram illustrating the call flow in the case of the call being terminated following no answer at the roaming device.
  • the stages are set out in table 8 below.
  • TABLE 8 Call flow in case of No Answer at the roamer
  • a mobile terminated (MT) call arrives at GMSC 108.
  • the GMSC interrogates the HLR 128 for routing information (MAP_SRI).
  • Step 2a The HLR interrogates the serving VLR (MAP_PRN) and receives the MSRN (MAP_PRN_ack).
  • the Probe captures these messages providing the IntelliGate with the IMSI-MSRN assignment Step 3
  • the Probe captures these messages providing the IntelliGate the CLI, MSRN Step 3a
  • a release may be sent back to the GMSC at HPMN.
  • the Probe captures this release which identifies an end of session.
  • Step 4 The I/G initiates an MCN to B number (called party)
  • the international gateway I/G
  • CCS call control server
  • Late forwarding CF control Step 1 I/G 150 changes the FTN addresses to DID Step 2
  • a mobile terminated (MT) call arrives to the GMSC 108.
  • Step 3 The GMSC interrogates the HLR 108 for routing information (MAP_SRI).
  • the HLR returns with the MSRN Step 4
  • FIG. 16 shows call flow for early call forwarding cases.
  • the procedure is described in table 10.
  • TABLE 10 Signaling procedure for early call forwarding Step 1 I/G 150 changes the FTN addresses to DID Step 2
  • a mobile terminated (MT) call arrives at GMSC 108.
  • Step 3 GMSC 108 interrogates HLR 128 for routing information (MAP_SRI).
  • This second solution is based on an additional valid OVMD infrastructure already implemented at the operator's network.
  • an HLR modification process is added to provide a complete solution.
  • the OVMD in the present solution allows late call forwarding CF and missed call notification MCN in addition to optima routing.
  • the HLR Modification also allows early call forwarding and missed call notification.
  • This solution uses the OVMD infrastructure to control missed calls to subscribers while roaming, and hereinbelow we explain the MCN interaction regardless of OVMD optimization.
  • the I/G 150 using call control server (CCS), changes the CF conditions in the HLR as follows:
  • FIG. 17 shows signaling flow for the early forwarding cases.
  • the flow control is as described in table 11 below.
  • TABLE 11 Early forwarding flow control Step 1
  • the I/G changes the FTN addresses to DID Step 2
  • a mobile terminated (MT) call arrives to the GMSC.
  • Step 3 The GMSC interrogates the HLR for routing information (MAP SRI).
  • MAP SRI routing information
  • the HLR return with DID Step 4
  • the IntelliGate controls calls delivered to outbound roaming subscribers. This solution fits to networks that are already IN or CAMEL ready and/or networks that experience a relatively high outbound roaming traffic.
  • call control is performed using a combination of Trigger Detection Points and Event Detection points.
  • call control is performed using ISUP signaling.
  • the IntelliGate is triggered to directly route the call to the called party's voicemail system using only HMPN resources, along with the original called number, as if it were a local call in the home network.
  • Call control does not necessarily connecting the IntelliGate to the network via voice channels. Rather signaling links are only required to convey the ISUP signaling. This inter-connection is achieved by utilizing a ‘Loop-Back’ technique on the MSC.
  • the technical solution must support deactivation of the existing forwarding settings of the outbound roamer as soon as he/she registers at a foreign VLR.
  • the operator may choose to either do the deactivation by itself (e.g. using an HLR script) or give up doing any such deactivation.
  • the delivered solution is adapted to the decision taken.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates call flow for a further is preferred embodiment for Optimal Voicemail Deposit based on an IN architecture.
  • the IN protocol can be CS-1 or CAP (for CAMEL enabled subscribers) as before.
  • the procedure in FIG. 18 is as described in the following table 12.
  • TABLE 12 Call flow for OVMD IN solution
  • Step 1 A mobile terminated (MT) call arrives at Operator GMSC 108.
  • Step 2 GMSC 108 interrogates HLR 128 for routing information (MAP_SRI).
  • MSRN Mobile Subscriber Roaming Number
  • Step 4 The foreign VLR-address fires a Trigger Detection Point causing GMSC 108 to send an IDP to IntelliGate 114 adding the CLI and MSRN.
  • Step 5 The IntelliGate 114 processes the request and sends to the GMSC Connect [MSRN].
  • Step 6 The GMSC arms an Event Detection Point for the call and routes the call to the VPMN.
  • Step 7 The VMSC attempts to route the call to the destination telephone. The call is not answered. Steps 8, 8a If forwarding is disabled the VMSC 126 releases the call.
  • the REL message fires the Event Detection Point (EDP) at the operator's GMSC.
  • EDP Event Detection Point
  • Step 9 The GMSC sends the EDP query to the IntelliGate.
  • the IntelliGate processes the query and sends a Connect [VMS address, DN, CLI] message.
  • Step 11 The GMSC routes the call to the VM system.
  • FIG. 19 depicts the call flow for the Optimal VM Deposit based on ISUP and ‘Loop-Back’ architecture.
  • the call flow is as shown in table 13 below, with the step numbers referring to the figure. TABLE 13 Call flow for FIG. 19 .
  • Step 1 A mobile terminated (MT) call arrives at the operator's-GMSC 108.
  • Step 1a The GMSC interrogates HLR 128 for routing information (MAP_SRI).
  • HLR 128 (after interrogating the serving VLR - not illustrated here), returns a Mobile Subscriber Roaming Number (MSRN).
  • MSRN Mobile Subscriber Roaming Number
  • Step 4 The GMSC routes the call to the VPMN.
  • Step 5 The VMSC attempts to route the call to the destination telephone. The call is not answered.
  • the Intelligent Gateway drops the forwarded call by sending a REL message (unless dropped by the GMSC) Step 9 Due to dropping the forwarded call a REL message appears on the Step 3 call.
  • the GMSC routes the call to the VM system. Since leg 2 and leg 3 are looped-back, the caller gets direct access to the VMS.
  • the present embodiments are able to analyze the return codes from the telephony call, and act accordingly, thus:
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US20110045805A1 (en) 2011-02-24
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EP1531647A3 (fr) 2006-10-18
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US8644802B2 (en) 2014-02-04
CY1110652T1 (el) 2015-06-10
EP1531647A2 (fr) 2005-05-18
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ATE460057T1 (de) 2010-03-15

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