US20050246144A1 - Method and apparatus for product attribute measurement - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for product attribute measurement Download PDFInfo
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- US20050246144A1 US20050246144A1 US11/108,475 US10847505A US2005246144A1 US 20050246144 A1 US20050246144 A1 US 20050246144A1 US 10847505 A US10847505 A US 10847505A US 2005246144 A1 US2005246144 A1 US 2005246144A1
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- product
- weight
- conveyor
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- attribute
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G47/00—Article or material-handling devices associated with conveyors; Methods employing such devices
- B65G47/74—Feeding, transfer, or discharging devices of particular kinds or types
- B65G47/76—Fixed or adjustable ploughs or transverse scrapers
- B65G47/766—Adjustable ploughs or transverse scrapers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G47/00—Article or material-handling devices associated with conveyors; Methods employing such devices
- B65G47/74—Feeding, transfer, or discharging devices of particular kinds or types
- B65G47/84—Star-shaped wheels or devices having endless travelling belts or chains, the wheels or devices being equipped with article-engaging elements
- B65G47/846—Star-shaped wheels or wheels equipped with article-engaging elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G47/00—Article or material-handling devices associated with conveyors; Methods employing such devices
- B65G47/74—Feeding, transfer, or discharging devices of particular kinds or types
- B65G47/84—Star-shaped wheels or devices having endless travelling belts or chains, the wheels or devices being equipped with article-engaging elements
- B65G47/846—Star-shaped wheels or wheels equipped with article-engaging elements
- B65G47/848—Star-shaped wheels or wheels equipped with article-engaging elements the article-engaging elements being suction or magnetic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01G—WEIGHING
- G01G15/00—Arrangements for check-weighing of materials dispensed into removable containers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G2201/00—Indexing codes relating to handling devices, e.g. conveyors, characterised by the type of product or load being conveyed or handled
- B65G2201/02—Articles
- B65G2201/0202—Agricultural and processed food products
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method and apparatus for measuring an attribute of an item as it is being transferred from one point to another. More particularly, the method and apparatus relate to the use of a measuring device such as a device for measuring weight, color, shape, etc., of an object into an article-transfer or article-feeding apparatus that is used in a conveyor line.
- a measuring device such as a device for measuring weight, color, shape, etc.
- a prior art article-feeding device which is used to transfer bodies of semi-rigid or non-rigid structure and having a slippery surface and irregular shape, such as chicken parts, from one conveyor to a second conveyor. On the second conveyor the weight of the body or chicken part is measured.
- a device for performing this transfer operation from a first location onto a conveyor can be found and examined in U.S. Pat. No. 5,725,082 to Connell (1998) the specification of which is incorporated herein by reference. It should be appreciated that the device described in the Connell patent simply transfers the object or food item from a bulk retention area to a conveyor which then carries the item to another location or to a point at which the weight of the item may be measured.
- FIG. 2 A device similar to the Connell device is shown in FIG. 2 at reference number 28 .
- Other prior art article-feeding machines such as those found in U.S. Pat. No. 3,941,233 to Aluola, et al. ( 1976 ) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,381,884 to Spatafora, et al., (1995) transfer objects that arrive at the article-feeding machine in spaced fashion on a first conveyor prior to transfer. Then, via suction, these machines pick up the article and transfer the article to a second conveyor. In none of these article-feeding machines does the machine, during the transfer process, perform any measurement or analysis of any attribute of the article being transferred.
- Another benefit of inclusion of an attribute measuring device within an article-feeding machine is that the size and space requirement of a food processing line could be reduced.
- Yet another benefit of including an attribute measuring device within an article-feeding machine is that additional equipment needed to transfer and to measure the attribute in the prior art food processing line can be eliminated thus reducing the cost of the food processing line and the maintenance cost of the food processing line.
- the invention relates to a method and apparatus for measuring an attribute of a food article or other item being moved from a first location to another location by an article-feeding machine.
- a load cell or scale is incorporated into the article-feeding or article-transfer machine to measure the weight or mass of the article being transferred.
- a camera is included in the article feeding machine to capture an image of the shape of the article being transferred for comparison with reference files in a computer to confirm the acceptability or to determine grading of the article being transferred based on its shape or color or texture.
- the article-feeding machine is equipped with an apparatus for measuring the reflectance of the article being transferred or with a calorimeter to enable the measurement of color or surface quality attributes of the article being transferred.
- a pressure sensor is included to contact the article to determine the resistance of the article being transferred.
- a temperature sensor is included to determine the temperature of the article being transferred.
- FIG. 1 is an elevation view of a prior art weighing and separation process line
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of a prior art weighing and separation process line
- FIG. 3 is an elevation view of the weighing and separation process line of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a plan view of the weighing and separation process line of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 a - d shows alternate embodiments of the pickup arm having alternate placements of the pivot point, the cam follower and pickup head and which may be used in a separation process line embodying the present invention.
- weighing and separation process line 10 of FIG. 1 is composed of several different stations through which a product is moved in a manner which accomplishes: (1) acquisition of an individual product item from a group or batch of such products; (2) the delivery of the individual product to a conveyor line in a spaced fashion; (3) the weighing of each individual product; (4) delivery of the individual product to a distribution area; and (5) grouping of the individual product into a bin or holding area with other products having a similar weight.
- FIG. 1 the prior art weighing and separation process line 10 shown in FIG. 1 now will be more particularly described.
- Product delivery station 12 is typically provided with turntable 14 operated by drive 16 supported on base 18 .
- product delivery station 12 could be a conveyor or a bin or hopper which provides the bulk items for pick up.
- Turntable 14 continually moves bulk product 13 to a location on product delivery station 12 where it is accessible by a pickup device which will remove an individual item of bulk product 13 for eventual disposition onto a conveyor where a number of activities may be performed on the product.
- FIG. 1 the weighing and separation process line 10 shown in FIG.
- the individual product 20 becomes adhered to vacuum pickup head 22 which is attached to a pickup arm 24 .
- Pickup arm 24 rotates about central shaft 26 of product transfer station 28 and traces a path delineated by cam 25 .
- a low pressure atmosphere is delivered to vacuum pickup head 22 by vacuum line 30 .
- a description of such an article-transfer device having a vacuum pickup and carousel device can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,725,082 and which description is incorporated herein by reference.
- the vacuum pickup products having generally a smooth surface and which are soft and/or variously shaped may be picked up by vacuum head 22 and separated from the bulk product group 13 on turntable 14 . While a vacuum pickup is provided in a preferred embodiment, it will be appreciated that a mechanical holding means such a hook or spear point mounted on pickup arm 24 could be used to secure the bulk item to pickup arm 24 .
- Central shaft 26 of product transfer station 28 rotates at a rate such that once vacuum pickup head 22 has extracted an individual product 20 from turntable 14 , pickup arm 24 is rotated at a sufficient rate as to deposit product 20 onto takeaway conveyor 32 with a desired spacing between each product 20 so deposited.
- the proper rotational rate of central shaft 26 of product transfer station 28 is necessary so that as each individual product 20 is deposited onto takeaway conveyor 32 , sufficient spacing exists between each individual product 20 so that only a single product 20 is positioned on weighing station 34 at a time.
- An individual product 20 deposited on takeaway conveyor 32 is delivered to weighing conveyor 36 which moves the individual product 20 across weighing station 34 which is equipped with a load cell 44 ( FIG.
- Distribution conveyor 40 operates to separate the individual products 20 into a number of categories depending upon the weight of individual product. In the particular line 10 shown in FIG. 1 , distribution conveyor 40 has been designed to receive from computer 38 the weight of the individual product 20 determined at weighing station 34 and to deflect individual product 20 into the appropriate holding bin A-H ( FIG. 2 ).
- the deflection of individual product 20 by deflection arm 42 is activated by computer 38 in response to the selection by computer 38 of the particular deflection arm 42 which is associated with bin A-H that contains the weight category of individual product 20 .
- the weight of product 20 was previously determined at load cell 44 ( FIG. 2 ) and communicated to computer 38 .
- bulk delivery of product to product delivery station 12 results in each individual product item of the bulk delivery being individually retrieved from the turntable 14 ; placed onto a conveyor in such a spaced fashion to allow time for performance of a weight determination test on the individual product 20 ; and placement of the individual product 20 into a container having a group of individual products 20 therein all having a similar weight.
- FIG. 2 prior art weighing and separation process line 10 will be additionally described with reference to the plan view of the process line of in FIG. 2 .
- bulk product 13 is delivered to product delivery station 12 where it rotates on turntable 14 until vacuum pickup head 22 mounted on pickup arm 24 of product transfer station 28 separates or captures an individual product 20 a from the bulk product 13 rotating on turntable 14 .
- central shaft 26 of product transfer station 28 rotates, the captured individual products 20 a are delivered to takeaway conveyor 32 and deposited on conveyor 32 to provide released individual product 20 b .
- the rotational rate of central shaft 26 is such that spacing is provided between each released individual product 20 b thus creating the spacing shown by bracket S in FIG. 2 . Spacing S designates the spacing between released individual product 20 b and weight station approaching product 20 c.
- the product is moved off of load cell 44 by weighing conveyor 36 into position 20 e of a departing product.
- the departing product 20 e is moved to the end of weighing conveyor 36 and transferred onto distribution conveyor 48 .
- deflection arms 42 are activated by a signal from computer 38 .
- Computer 38 activates a particular deflection arm 42 in response to the particular attribute of individual product 20 which has been measured or detected.
- the weight of the individual product 20 In the case of the separation process line 10 shown in FIG. 2 , the weight of the individual product 20 . Therefore, as individual product 20 f moves onto distribution conveyor 48 , one of deflection arms 42 is caused to open by computer 38 .
- deflection arm 42 associated with bin A is opened by a signal from computer 38 and product 20 f is scooped off of distribution conveyor 48 and into bin A by deflection arm 42 associated with bin A.
- non-standard products could be a product which is overweight or underweight, or an instance in which pickup arm 42 has picked up two products from turntable 14 rather than one. Such a double product pickup would deposit two products simultaneously onto takeaway conveyor 32 thus producing an overweight situation at weighing station 34 .
- non-standard products 52 could be products that are to be rejected such as those that are off color or deformed in some particular fashion or otherwise not acceptable products for separation into bins 50 A-H at distribution conveyor 48 .
- process line 10 shown in FIG. 2 will show the substantial amount of space that is consumed by the need to use three different conveyors—the takeaway conveyor 32 , the weighing conveyor 36 and distribution conveyor 48 —during the separation process, as well as the substantial space consumed by recirculation conveyor 54 which must remove product from the end of distribution conveyor 48 and transmit it back to the opposite end of the process line 10 to product delivery station 12 .
- the advantages of a process line which reduce the number of conveyors involved and which reduces the overall size of the process line would be of great advantage to produce a product which must be graded, analyzed and separated into various categories.
- the present invention which will be described in detail hereinafter, provides such a reduced space consumption of a process line.
- an attribute analysis and separation process line 80 of the present invention is shown in elevation view.
- the attribute selected for measurement in such an attribute determination and separation process line can be product weight or product coloration or product surface texture or product shape or product temperature or a variety of other attributes.
- process line 80 of the present invention substantially reduces the overall size of the process line by elimination of takeaway conveyor 32 and weighing conveyor 36 and most of recirculation conveyor 54 . This allows distribution conveyor 40 to be placed proximate to product transfer station 28 to immediately receive individual product 20 when it is released from vacuum head 22 of pickup arm 24 .
- process line 80 is achieved by the incorporation of the devices for determining a product attribute such as weight or color or shape or temperature or other product attribute either on, or proximate to, product transfer station 28 .
- a product attribute such as weight or color or shape or temperature or other product attribute either on, or proximate to, product transfer station 28 .
- This allows the product attribute to be measured or determined during the interval of time which the individual product 20 is being transferred from product delivery station 12 to distribution conveyor 40 on vacuum head 22 . It will be appreciated that the determination of the attribute can be made either while vacuum head 20 is holding the individual product item 20 or during the time that product item 20 is released from vacuum head 22 to fall onto distribution conveyor 40 .
- An example of the first instance would be the measurement of the weight of the individual product 20 while it is held on vacuum head 22 . Such an embodiment will be described in greater detail hereinafter.
- An example of the second type of determination of an attribute is the determination of product color which could be determined by a light reflectance-type measurement taken from the surface of individual product 20 as it falls from vacuum head 22 toward distribution conveyor 40 .
- a computer 80 which has registered the data accumulated during the measurement of the product attribute, then activates one of several deflection arms 42 to separate individual product 20 into its proper category.
- the individual product 20 can be allowed to continue past the collection bins and onto the end of distribution conveyor 40 where the individual product can be placed in rework bin or refuse bin 55 if the product is outside of specifications.
- the product 20 can be recycled back to product delivery station 12 by the depositing of a product 20 , which is outside of specifications, onto recirculation conveyor 54 ( FIG. 4 ) for a second pass through processing line 80 .
- Recirculation conveyor 54 can be used in cases in which the attribute of interest is incorrectly measured, or more than one product 20 is picked up or it is desired that a worker E′ be stationed near recirculation conveyor 54 to rework or modify the product 20 which was determined to be outside of specifications.
- process line 80 will be described for the instance in which product weight is the attribute of individual product being measured at product transfer station 28 during the transfer of the individual product 20 from product delivery station 12 to distribution conveyor 40 .
- the attribute of individual product 20 to be measured is the weight of individual product 20 , the weight of which is determined while individual product 20 is held by vacuum head 22 of pickup arm 24 .
- the general operation of this embodiment is to first pickup an individual product 20 from the bulk product 13 in product delivery station 12 and then during the transfer of the individual product 20 to distribution conveyor 40 to make the determination of the individual product weight by use of a load cell 82 or scale or other weight measurement device.
- This weight measurement means can be integrated into the structure of product transfer station 28 to allow measurement of the weight of individual product 20 while it is held by vacuum head 22 .
- a weight measurement means such as a load cell 82
- the weight of an individual product 20 is determined by first retrieving an individual product 20 from the bulk product 13 in product delivery station 12 by securing an individual product 20 onto vacuum head 22 of pickup arm 24 . As central shaft 26 of product transfer station 28 continues to rotate, pickup arm 24 having vacuum head 22 and individual product 20 secured thereto is rotated along cam 84 .
- Cam follower 86 attached to pickup arm 24 is moved across weight measurement means, or load cell 82 , which is inserted into cam 84 to form a portion of the surface of cam 84 that cam follower 86 traverses.
- load cell 82 As central shaft 26 of product transfer station 28 continues to rotate, cam follower 86 attached to pickup arm 24 contacts load cell 82 and the total weight of the individual product 20 and cam follower 86 and pickup arm 24 and vacuum head 22 and vacuum line 30 are measured by load cell 82 .
- the tare weight of the cam follower 86 , pickup arm 24 , vacuum head 22 , vacuum line 30 and any other parts which contribute to the weight measured on load cell 82 is determined by tare weight load cell 88 .
- the tare weight is taken as cam follower 86 passes across load cell 88 after the release of product 20 .
- the tare weight can be predetermined and programmed into the computer which receives the data from load cell 82 .
- a tare weight load cell 88 can be included in cam 84 just prior to the capture of a new product 20 to determine the tare weight of the pickup unit equipment prior to the gathering of an individual product 20 from product delivery station 12 . In either case, the tare weight is subtracted from the weight determined at load cell 82 to provide the actual weight of individual product 20 which is then used by the computer to open the appropriate deflection arm 42 on distribution conveyor 40 or to allow the individual product 20 to proceed past deflection arms 42 and to await further disposition.
- FIG. 4 the operation of an embodiment of process line 80 having weight determination equipment installed in product transfer station 28 is shown in plan view.
- a bulk supply of product 13 is placed on product delivery station 12 where it is brought into contact with vacuum heads 22 of pickup arm 24 by the rotation of turntable 14 in product delivery station 12 .
- a pickup unit 21 which is comprised of pickup arm 24 having vacuum head 22 attached thereto is rotated past tare weight sensing means 88 , which in a preferred embodiment is a load cell, incorporated into cam 84 of product transfer station 28 .
- tare weight sensing means 88 which in a preferred embodiment is a load cell, incorporated into cam 84 of product transfer station 28 .
- Pickup unit 21 is then rotated into contact with bulk product 13 on delivery station 12 and vacuum head 22 contacts and retains one of bulk products 13 on vacuum head 22 to provide individual product 20 which is secured to vacuum head 22 .
- Central shaft 26 continues to rotate and thereby brings pickup unit 21 into position over weight measuring means or load cell 82 where cam follower 86 ( FIG. 3 ) of pickup arm 24 causes the weight of pickup unit 21 containing individual product 20 to be registered on load cell 82 .
- the determined weight is sent to the computer that is linked to load cell 82 and the actual weight of product 20 is calculated.
- Central shaft 26 continues to rotate until pickup unit 21 containing individual product 20 is brought to position P at which time the vacuum being applied through vacuum line 30 to vacuum head 22 is terminated thereby allowing individual product 20 to fall onto distribution conveyor 40 .
- product 20 can be retained on vacuum head 22 and not released.
- product 20 is not released from vacuum head 22 , but is retained on pickup unit 21 until vacuum head 22 is positioned over a discard bin (not shown) or over a recirculation conveyor 54 ( FIG. 4 ) where upon product 20 is released. If released product 20 presented a measured attribute which prevented product 20 from being a usable product it would have been released into a discard bin.
- the present invention provides a further opportunity to compact the process line of FIG. 4 by the elimination of distribution conveyor 40 and the replacement of distribution conveyor 40 with a series of bins A′, B′, C′, D′ which are distributed around the circumference of product transfer station 28 .
- the entirety of distribution conveys 40 can be eliminated, and the space consumed by the process line of FIG. 24 can be reduced to approximately half the space previously required.
- a knock-off mechanism (not shown) can be incorporated onto pickup arm 24 so that as pickup head 22 of pickup arm 24 is rotated past one of bins A′, B′, C′, D′, a knock-off mechanism is actuated to remove product 20 from pickup head 22 and deposit product 20 into appropriate bin A′, B′, C′, D′.
- a knock-off mechanism could be a pneumatic cylinder knock-off or a high pressure air knock-off mechanism or a solenoid which is activated to cut off the vacuum to pickup head 22 and allow product 20 to fall away from pickup arm 24 and into the appropriate bin.
- the activation means for the knock-off mechanism will be interconnected with the measurement device being used to measure the attribute of interest and that the result of the attribute measurement (e.g., a particular weight or color or texture or hardness) will dictate which particular bin A′, B′, C′, D′ is the appropriate receptacle for the particular product 20 as it is moved about on product transfer station 28 .
- the association of the product attributes with the appropriate bin and the timing of the knock-off mechanism is determined by the programming of computer 38 much as computer 38 activates a particular deflection arm 42 in response to the measurement of a particular attribute of an individual product 20 as previously described.
- FIG. 4 provides a space and time saving benefit when the product 20 need to be recycled back to product delivery station 12 . If a product 20 is outside of specifications or requires reworking it can be dropped onto recirculation conveyor 54 ( FIG. 4 ) for a second pass through processing line 80 .
- Recirculation conveyor 54 can be used to simply recycle product 20 or a worker E′ can be stationed near recirculation conveyor 54 to rework or modify a product 20 which was determined to be outside of specifications.
- pickup arm 24 is configured, generally, into the shape of right angle with vacuum head 22 at the end of one leg of the right angle, and cam follower 86 at the end of the other leg of the right angle.
- Pivot 25 is located at the junction of the two legs of the right angle.
- cam follower 86 is at the opposite end of arm 24 from pivot point 25 , and the weight transmitted to cam follower 86 from nozzle 22 when a product is placed thereon is detected by a load cell in cam 84 .
- the product as it is held by vacuum nozzle 22 would be subjected to a beam of light which would reflect off the product as it is held in nozzle 22 , and the reflected light would be measured in accordance with the attribute of the product which is being measured.
- the present scheme of using the cam follower 86 attached to arm 24 to activate a switch which is embedded in cam 84 could be utilized.
- a pressure sensor could be included in transfer station 28 .
- the pressure sensor could be activated by either a trip switch on cam 84 which is contacted by cam follower 86 or the use of the interrupted light beam method could be utilized to activate the pressure sensor.
- the pressure sensor would be pressed against the article being transferred and held by vacuum nozzle 22 and the amount of resistance presented by the product to the sensor pressing against the surface of the product could be determined.
- a camera can be included on product transfer station 28 which can be operated either by the previously described cam pressure switch activation method or the interrupted light beam activation method.
- the camera would receive an image of the product as it is held in vacuum nozzle 22 or as it is released from vacuum nozzle 22 and the image would then be transmitted to a computer for comparison with a database of images to allow characterization of the individual product 20 against the database information.
- the information gathered by these detection devices is transmitted to a computer for analysis and for subsequent activation of one of arms 42 to segregate the particular product 20 into its proper categorization bin.
Abstract
A method and apparatus is provided for determining an attribute of an article during the transfer of the article by an article-feeding machine during the transfer of the article from one location to another location.
Description
- This application is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/262,223, filed Oct. 1, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,881,907, issued Apr. 19, 2005, entitled “METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCT ATTRIBUTE MEASUREMENT” which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- This invention relates to a method and apparatus for measuring an attribute of an item as it is being transferred from one point to another. More particularly, the method and apparatus relate to the use of a measuring device such as a device for measuring weight, color, shape, etc., of an object into an article-transfer or article-feeding apparatus that is used in a conveyor line.
- In food processing facilities, it is typically necessary to select a single article or food item from a bulk load of such food items and to grade, or weigh or measure some attribute of the food item so that it can be placed into a group along with other food items having the similar attribute. This is done for purposes of pricing the food item or for meeting particular specifications related to the food item. To accomplish this task of measuring an attribute of a food item, it has typically been necessary to select the food item from a bulk group of similar type items and to move the isolated item from a first location to a conveyor which will move the food item past a device for measuring the attribute of interest. For example, in food processing, a prior art article-feeding device is available which is used to transfer bodies of semi-rigid or non-rigid structure and having a slippery surface and irregular shape, such as chicken parts, from one conveyor to a second conveyor. On the second conveyor the weight of the body or chicken part is measured. A device for performing this transfer operation from a first location onto a conveyor can be found and examined in U.S. Pat. No. 5,725,082 to Connell (1998) the specification of which is incorporated herein by reference. It should be appreciated that the device described in the Connell patent simply transfers the object or food item from a bulk retention area to a conveyor which then carries the item to another location or to a point at which the weight of the item may be measured. A device similar to the Connell device is shown in
FIG. 2 atreference number 28. Other prior art article-feeding machines such as those found in U.S. Pat. No. 3,941,233 to Aluola, et al. (1976) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,381,884 to Spatafora, et al., (1995) transfer objects that arrive at the article-feeding machine in spaced fashion on a first conveyor prior to transfer. Then, via suction, these machines pick up the article and transfer the article to a second conveyor. In none of these article-feeding machines does the machine, during the transfer process, perform any measurement or analysis of any attribute of the article being transferred. - As a result of this single-purpose activity of such prior art article-feeding machines, it is necessary to use additional pieces of equipment within a process line which; receive the item from the article-feeding machine; transfer the item to a point at which analysis of the attribute is made; and an apparatus to carry the article away from the analysis point. This additional equipment adds to the processing cost and adds to the space used by a food article process line. The additional equipment increases the maintenance costs of a food article process line as the additional equipment requires maintenance and cleaning.
- Therefore, it would be a benefit to provide within such article-feeding or article-transfer machines a means for measuring an attribute of the article being transferred to allow increased efficiency of a food process line.
- Another benefit of inclusion of an attribute measuring device within an article-feeding machine is that the size and space requirement of a food processing line could be reduced.
- Yet another benefit of including an attribute measuring device within an article-feeding machine is that additional equipment needed to transfer and to measure the attribute in the prior art food processing line can be eliminated thus reducing the cost of the food processing line and the maintenance cost of the food processing line.
- Other advantages and benefits of the present invention will become apparent upon examination of the detailed description of the preferred embodiment as well as the drawings included herewith.
- The invention relates to a method and apparatus for measuring an attribute of a food article or other item being moved from a first location to another location by an article-feeding machine.
- In one embodiment of the present invention, a load cell or scale is incorporated into the article-feeding or article-transfer machine to measure the weight or mass of the article being transferred.
- In another embodiment of the present invention, a camera is included in the article feeding machine to capture an image of the shape of the article being transferred for comparison with reference files in a computer to confirm the acceptability or to determine grading of the article being transferred based on its shape or color or texture.
- In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the article-feeding machine is equipped with an apparatus for measuring the reflectance of the article being transferred or with a calorimeter to enable the measurement of color or surface quality attributes of the article being transferred.
- In yet another embodiment of the present invention, a pressure sensor is included to contact the article to determine the resistance of the article being transferred.
- In yet another embodiment of the present invention, a temperature sensor is included to determine the temperature of the article being transferred.
- The foregoing and other objects are intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not meant in a limiting sense. Many possible embodiments of the invention may be made and will be readily evident upon a study of the following specification and accompanying drawings comprising a part thereof. Various features and subcombinations of invention may be employed without reference to other features and subcombinations. Other objects and advantages of this invention will become apparent from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein is set forth by way of illustration and example, an embodiment of this invention.
- Preferred embodiments of the invention, illustrative of the best modes in which the applicant has contemplated applying the principles, are set forth in the following description and are shown in the drawings and are particularly and distinctly pointed out and set forth in the appended claims.
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FIG. 1 is an elevation view of a prior art weighing and separation process line; -
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a prior art weighing and separation process line; -
FIG. 3 is an elevation view of the weighing and separation process line of the present invention; -
FIG. 4 is a plan view of the weighing and separation process line of the present invention; and -
FIG. 5 a-d shows alternate embodiments of the pickup arm having alternate placements of the pivot point, the cam follower and pickup head and which may be used in a separation process line embodying the present invention. - Referring to
FIG. 1 , a typical prior art product determination and separation process line is shown. The determination and separation process line shown inFIG. 1 is designed for determination of the weight of an individual product item. In general, weighing andseparation process line 10 ofFIG. 1 is composed of several different stations through which a product is moved in a manner which accomplishes: (1) acquisition of an individual product item from a group or batch of such products; (2) the delivery of the individual product to a conveyor line in a spaced fashion; (3) the weighing of each individual product; (4) delivery of the individual product to a distribution area; and (5) grouping of the individual product into a bin or holding area with other products having a similar weight. - Still referring to
FIG. 1 , the prior art weighing andseparation process line 10 shown inFIG. 1 now will be more particularly described. In the typical prior art weighing andseparation process line 10 shown inFIG. 1 , bulk delivery ofproduct 13 is presented toproduct delivery station 12.Product delivery station 12 is typically provided withturntable 14 operated bydrive 16 supported onbase 18. Instead of a turntable,product delivery station 12 could be a conveyor or a bin or hopper which provides the bulk items for pick up.Turntable 14 continually movesbulk product 13 to a location onproduct delivery station 12 where it is accessible by a pickup device which will remove an individual item ofbulk product 13 for eventual disposition onto a conveyor where a number of activities may be performed on the product. In the weighing andseparation process line 10 shown inFIG. 1 , theindividual product 20 becomes adhered tovacuum pickup head 22 which is attached to apickup arm 24.Pickup arm 24 rotates aboutcentral shaft 26 ofproduct transfer station 28 and traces a path delineated bycam 25. A low pressure atmosphere is delivered tovacuum pickup head 22 byvacuum line 30. A description of such an article-transfer device having a vacuum pickup and carousel device can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,725,082 and which description is incorporated herein by reference. By use of the vacuum pickup, products having generally a smooth surface and which are soft and/or variously shaped may be picked up byvacuum head 22 and separated from thebulk product group 13 onturntable 14. While a vacuum pickup is provided in a preferred embodiment, it will be appreciated that a mechanical holding means such a hook or spear point mounted onpickup arm 24 could be used to secure the bulk item to pickuparm 24. -
Central shaft 26 ofproduct transfer station 28 rotates at a rate such that oncevacuum pickup head 22 has extracted anindividual product 20 fromturntable 14,pickup arm 24 is rotated at a sufficient rate as to depositproduct 20 ontotakeaway conveyor 32 with a desired spacing between eachproduct 20 so deposited. The proper rotational rate ofcentral shaft 26 ofproduct transfer station 28 is necessary so that as eachindividual product 20 is deposited ontotakeaway conveyor 32, sufficient spacing exists between eachindividual product 20 so that only asingle product 20 is positioned onweighing station 34 at a time. Anindividual product 20 deposited ontakeaway conveyor 32 is delivered to weighingconveyor 36 which moves theindividual product 20 across weighingstation 34 which is equipped with a load cell 44 (FIG. 2 ) or other such scale whereupon theindividual product 20 is weighed and the weight registered incomputer 38 of weighingstation 34. After theindividual product 20 has been weighed on weighingstation 34, and the weight registered incomputer 38,individual product 20 is delivered todistribution conveyor 40.Distribution conveyor 40 operates to separate theindividual products 20 into a number of categories depending upon the weight of individual product. In theparticular line 10 shown inFIG. 1 ,distribution conveyor 40 has been designed to receive fromcomputer 38 the weight of theindividual product 20 determined at weighingstation 34 and to deflectindividual product 20 into the appropriate holding bin A-H (FIG. 2 ). The deflection ofindividual product 20 bydeflection arm 42 is activated bycomputer 38 in response to the selection bycomputer 38 of theparticular deflection arm 42 which is associated with bin A-H that contains the weight category ofindividual product 20. The weight ofproduct 20 was previously determined at load cell 44 (FIG. 2 ) and communicated tocomputer 38. In the manner just described, bulk delivery of product toproduct delivery station 12 results in each individual product item of the bulk delivery being individually retrieved from theturntable 14; placed onto a conveyor in such a spaced fashion to allow time for performance of a weight determination test on theindividual product 20; and placement of theindividual product 20 into a container having a group ofindividual products 20 therein all having a similar weight. - Referring now to
FIG. 2 , prior art weighing andseparation process line 10 will be additionally described with reference to the plan view of the process line of inFIG. 2 . InFIG. 2 , as previously described inFIG. 1 ,bulk product 13 is delivered toproduct delivery station 12 where it rotates onturntable 14 untilvacuum pickup head 22 mounted onpickup arm 24 ofproduct transfer station 28 separates or captures an individual product 20 a from thebulk product 13 rotating onturntable 14. Ascentral shaft 26 ofproduct transfer station 28 rotates, the captured individual products 20 a are delivered totakeaway conveyor 32 and deposited onconveyor 32 to provide released individual product 20 b. The rotational rate ofcentral shaft 26 is such that spacing is provided between each released individual product 20 b thus creating the spacing shown by bracket S inFIG. 2 . Spacing S designates the spacing between released individual product 20 b and weight station approaching product 20 c. - After captured individual product 20 a has been released by
pickup arm 24 ontotakeaway conveyor 32, it is moved byconveyor 32 toward weighingconveyor 36 where individual product 20 d is moved acrossload cell 44 which is positioned underneathbelt 46 of weighingconveyor 36. As shown inFIG. 2 , the rotational rate ofcentral shaft 26 ofproduct transfer station 28 creates a spacing S such that when a weighed product 20 d is positioned directly onload cell 44, approaching individual product 20 c is on weighingconveyor 36 but is not onload cell 44 and departing product 20 e has been moved off ofload cell 44 after being weighed. In this manner, only a single product is positioned onload cell 44 at any one time so that the appropriate weight of a single item can be measured. After an individual product has been weighed onload cell 44, such as is the case with weighed product 20 d ofFIG. 2 , the product is moved off ofload cell 44 by weighingconveyor 36 into position 20 e of a departing product. The departing product 20 e is moved to the end of weighingconveyor 36 and transferred ontodistribution conveyor 48. - Once the individual product 20 f is placed on
distribution conveyor 48, it is deflected into the appropriate distribution bin 50A-H by one ofdeflection arms 42.Deflection arms 42 are activated by a signal fromcomputer 38.Computer 38 activates aparticular deflection arm 42 in response to the particular attribute ofindividual product 20 which has been measured or detected. In the case of theseparation process line 10 shown inFIG. 2 , the weight of theindividual product 20. Therefore, as individual product 20 f moves ontodistribution conveyor 48, one ofdeflection arms 42 is caused to open bycomputer 38. In the particular case shown inFIG. 2 ,deflection arm 42 associated with bin A is opened by a signal fromcomputer 38 and product 20 f is scooped off ofdistribution conveyor 48 and into bin A bydeflection arm 42 associated with bin A. - In such a separation process line, there will be instances in which the weight of the product being moved cannot be determined for one reason or another. Such products for which the weight cannot be determined are allowed to proceed down the length of
distribution conveyor 48 without being deflected into one of bins A-H. At the end ofdistribution conveyor 48, thenon-standard product 52 is deposited ontorecirculation conveyor 54. Such a non-standard product may be transferred back toproduct delivery station 12 or it may be rejected entirely, or it may be acted upon a worker so that thenon-standard product 52 is adjusted to conform to the standard configuration ofproducts 13. It will be appreciated that in the case ofline 10 such non-standard products could be a product which is overweight or underweight, or an instance in whichpickup arm 42 has picked up two products fromturntable 14 rather than one. Such a double product pickup would deposit two products simultaneously ontotakeaway conveyor 32 thus producing an overweight situation at weighingstation 34. Alternatively,non-standard products 52 could be products that are to be rejected such as those that are off color or deformed in some particular fashion or otherwise not acceptable products for separation into bins 50A-H atdistribution conveyor 48. - Examination of
process line 10 shown inFIG. 2 will show the substantial amount of space that is consumed by the need to use three different conveyors—thetakeaway conveyor 32, the weighingconveyor 36 anddistribution conveyor 48—during the separation process, as well as the substantial space consumed byrecirculation conveyor 54 which must remove product from the end ofdistribution conveyor 48 and transmit it back to the opposite end of theprocess line 10 toproduct delivery station 12. As each square foot of floor space consumed in a process increases the cost to produce the product, the advantages of a process line which reduce the number of conveyors involved and which reduces the overall size of the process line would be of great advantage to produce a product which must be graded, analyzed and separated into various categories. The present invention, which will be described in detail hereinafter, provides such a reduced space consumption of a process line. - Referring now to
FIG. 3 , an attribute analysis andseparation process line 80 of the present invention is shown in elevation view. The attribute selected for measurement in such an attribute determination and separation process line can be product weight or product coloration or product surface texture or product shape or product temperature or a variety of other attributes. As can be observed by comparingFIG. 3 andFIG. 4 withFIG. 1 andFIG. 2 ,process line 80 of the present invention substantially reduces the overall size of the process line by elimination oftakeaway conveyor 32 and weighingconveyor 36 and most ofrecirculation conveyor 54. This allowsdistribution conveyor 40 to be placed proximate toproduct transfer station 28 to immediately receiveindividual product 20 when it is released fromvacuum head 22 ofpickup arm 24. This space saving advantage provided byprocess line 80 is achieved by the incorporation of the devices for determining a product attribute such as weight or color or shape or temperature or other product attribute either on, or proximate to,product transfer station 28. This allows the product attribute to be measured or determined during the interval of time which theindividual product 20 is being transferred fromproduct delivery station 12 todistribution conveyor 40 onvacuum head 22. It will be appreciated that the determination of the attribute can be made either whilevacuum head 20 is holding theindividual product item 20 or during the time thatproduct item 20 is released fromvacuum head 22 to fall ontodistribution conveyor 40. An example of the first instance would be the measurement of the weight of theindividual product 20 while it is held onvacuum head 22. Such an embodiment will be described in greater detail hereinafter. An example of the second type of determination of an attribute is the determination of product color which could be determined by a light reflectance-type measurement taken from the surface ofindividual product 20 as it falls fromvacuum head 22 towarddistribution conveyor 40. Once theindividual product 20 is delivered todistribution conveyor 40, acomputer 80 which has registered the data accumulated during the measurement of the product attribute, then activates one ofseveral deflection arms 42 to separateindividual product 20 into its proper category. In one alternative embodiment, if the computer does not activate any ofdeflection arms 42, theindividual product 20 can be allowed to continue past the collection bins and onto the end ofdistribution conveyor 40 where the individual product can be placed in rework bin or refusebin 55 if the product is outside of specifications. - In yet another alternative embodiment which provides a space and time saving benefit, the
product 20 can be recycled back toproduct delivery station 12 by the depositing of aproduct 20, which is outside of specifications, onto recirculation conveyor 54 (FIG. 4 ) for a second pass through processingline 80.Recirculation conveyor 54 can be used in cases in which the attribute of interest is incorrectly measured, or more than oneproduct 20 is picked up or it is desired that a worker E′ be stationed nearrecirculation conveyor 54 to rework or modify theproduct 20 which was determined to be outside of specifications. - Still referring to
FIG. 3 , the operation ofprocess line 80 will be described for the instance in which product weight is the attribute of individual product being measured atproduct transfer station 28 during the transfer of theindividual product 20 fromproduct delivery station 12 todistribution conveyor 40. In an embodiment of the present invention, in which the attribute ofindividual product 20 to be measured is the weight ofindividual product 20, the weight of which is determined whileindividual product 20 is held byvacuum head 22 ofpickup arm 24. The general operation of this embodiment is to first pickup anindividual product 20 from thebulk product 13 inproduct delivery station 12 and then during the transfer of theindividual product 20 todistribution conveyor 40 to make the determination of the individual product weight by use of aload cell 82 or scale or other weight measurement device. This weight measurement means can be integrated into the structure ofproduct transfer station 28 to allow measurement of the weight ofindividual product 20 while it is held byvacuum head 22. In one embodiment of determining the weight of anindividual product 20, a weight measurement means, such as aload cell 82, is incorporated intocam 84 ofproduct transfer station 28. In this embodiment ofprocess line 80 the weight of anindividual product 20 is determined by first retrieving anindividual product 20 from thebulk product 13 inproduct delivery station 12 by securing anindividual product 20 ontovacuum head 22 ofpickup arm 24. Ascentral shaft 26 ofproduct transfer station 28 continues to rotate,pickup arm 24 havingvacuum head 22 andindividual product 20 secured thereto is rotated alongcam 84.Cam follower 86 attached topickup arm 24 is moved across weight measurement means, or loadcell 82, which is inserted intocam 84 to form a portion of the surface ofcam 84 thatcam follower 86 traverses. Ascentral shaft 26 ofproduct transfer station 28 continues to rotate,cam follower 86 attached topickup arm 24 contacts loadcell 82 and the total weight of theindividual product 20 andcam follower 86 andpickup arm 24 andvacuum head 22 andvacuum line 30 are measured byload cell 82. To determine the actual weight ofindividual product 20, the tare weight of thecam follower 86,pickup arm 24,vacuum head 22,vacuum line 30 and any other parts which contribute to the weight measured onload cell 82 is determined by tareweight load cell 88. The tare weight is taken ascam follower 86 passes acrossload cell 88 after the release ofproduct 20. Alternatively, the tare weight can be predetermined and programmed into the computer which receives the data fromload cell 82. Alternatively, a tareweight load cell 88 can be included incam 84 just prior to the capture of anew product 20 to determine the tare weight of the pickup unit equipment prior to the gathering of anindividual product 20 fromproduct delivery station 12. In either case, the tare weight is subtracted from the weight determined atload cell 82 to provide the actual weight ofindividual product 20 which is then used by the computer to open theappropriate deflection arm 42 ondistribution conveyor 40 or to allow theindividual product 20 to proceedpast deflection arms 42 and to await further disposition. - Referring now to
FIG. 4 , the operation of an embodiment ofprocess line 80 having weight determination equipment installed inproduct transfer station 28 is shown in plan view. In operation, a bulk supply ofproduct 13 is placed onproduct delivery station 12 where it is brought into contact with vacuum heads 22 ofpickup arm 24 by the rotation ofturntable 14 inproduct delivery station 12. During the rotation ofcentral shaft 26 oftransfer station 28, apickup unit 21 which is comprised ofpickup arm 24 havingvacuum head 22 attached thereto is rotated past tare weight sensing means 88, which in a preferred embodiment is a load cell, incorporated intocam 84 ofproduct transfer station 28. After the tareweight pickup unit 21 is determined and transmitted to a computer associated withload cells Pickup unit 21 is then rotated into contact withbulk product 13 ondelivery station 12 andvacuum head 22 contacts and retains one ofbulk products 13 onvacuum head 22 to provideindividual product 20 which is secured to vacuumhead 22.Central shaft 26 continues to rotate and thereby bringspickup unit 21 into position over weight measuring means or loadcell 82 where cam follower 86 (FIG. 3 ) ofpickup arm 24 causes the weight ofpickup unit 21 containingindividual product 20 to be registered onload cell 82. The determined weight is sent to the computer that is linked to loadcell 82 and the actual weight ofproduct 20 is calculated.Central shaft 26 continues to rotate untilpickup unit 21 containingindividual product 20 is brought to position P at which time the vacuum being applied throughvacuum line 30 to vacuumhead 22 is terminated thereby allowingindividual product 20 to fall ontodistribution conveyor 40. During the time thatcentral shaft 26 has been rotating to movepickup unit 21 fromload cell 82 to position P, the weight determined onload cell 82 is communicated to the associated computer which then calculates the weight ofproduct 20. Then, according to a set of standards programmed into the computer, a determination is made as to which of bins A-Hindividual product 20 is to be placed.Individual product 20 begins moving alongdistribution conveyor 40 from position P and into position Q and ultimately into position R at which point the activation ofdeflection arm 42 bycomputer 38 sweepsindividual product 20, now in position R, off ofdistribution conveyor 40 and into bin A. - In the event that the measured attribute of
product 20 does not fall within suitable product attribute parameters,product 20 can be retained onvacuum head 22 and not released. In this event, in the embodiment ofFIG. 4 ,product 20 is not released fromvacuum head 22, but is retained onpickup unit 21 untilvacuum head 22 is positioned over a discard bin (not shown) or over a recirculation conveyor 54 (FIG. 4 ) where uponproduct 20 is released. If releasedproduct 20 presented a measured attribute which preventedproduct 20 from being a usable product it would have been released into a discard bin. If, alternatively,product 20 presented a questionable attribute, such as being twice the anticipated weight, it could be the case thatpickup unit 21 had actually retained two product item onvacuum head 22 and therefore the release ontorecirculation conveyor 54 allows the two items to be individually retrieved on a second pass bypickup unit 21. This has the advantage of avoiding passingproduct 20 along the entire route of distribution conveyor 40 (FIG. 2 ) and recirculation conveyor 54 (FIG. 2 ) thereby reducing the space consumed by the entire apparatus. - It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention provides a further opportunity to compact the process line of
FIG. 4 by the elimination ofdistribution conveyor 40 and the replacement ofdistribution conveyor 40 with a series of bins A′, B′, C′, D′ which are distributed around the circumference ofproduct transfer station 28. In this manner, the entirety of distribution conveys 40 can be eliminated, and the space consumed by the process line ofFIG. 24 can be reduced to approximately half the space previously required. In the event thatdistribution conveyor 40 is eliminated and bins A′, B′, C′, D′ are used to receiveproduct 20 as it is moved byproduct transfer station 28, a knock-off mechanism (not shown) can be incorporated ontopickup arm 24 so that aspickup head 22 ofpickup arm 24 is rotated past one of bins A′, B′, C′, D′, a knock-off mechanism is actuated to removeproduct 20 frompickup head 22 anddeposit product 20 into appropriate bin A′, B′, C′, D′. Such a knock-off mechanism could be a pneumatic cylinder knock-off or a high pressure air knock-off mechanism or a solenoid which is activated to cut off the vacuum topickup head 22 and allowproduct 20 to fall away frompickup arm 24 and into the appropriate bin. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the activation means for the knock-off mechanism will be interconnected with the measurement device being used to measure the attribute of interest and that the result of the attribute measurement (e.g., a particular weight or color or texture or hardness) will dictate which particular bin A′, B′, C′, D′ is the appropriate receptacle for theparticular product 20 as it is moved about onproduct transfer station 28. As has previously been indicated, the association of the product attributes with the appropriate bin and the timing of the knock-off mechanism is determined by the programming ofcomputer 38 much ascomputer 38 activates aparticular deflection arm 42 in response to the measurement of a particular attribute of anindividual product 20 as previously described. - As previously described, the embodiment of
FIG. 4 provides a space and time saving benefit when theproduct 20 need to be recycled back toproduct delivery station 12. If aproduct 20 is outside of specifications or requires reworking it can be dropped onto recirculation conveyor 54 (FIG. 4 ) for a second pass through processingline 80.Recirculation conveyor 54 can be used to simply recycleproduct 20 or a worker E′ can be stationed nearrecirculation conveyor 54 to rework or modify aproduct 20 which was determined to be outside of specifications. - Referring now to FIGS. 5A-D several alternative-embodiments of the
pickup arm 24 of the present invention will be discussed to indicate some of the equivalent embodiments of the present invention. Referring now to FIGS. 5A-D, various embodiments ofpickup arm 24 will be described to indicate alternate configurations ofpickup arm 24 havingvacuum head 22 thereon andcam follower 86 thereon and the relation ofcam 84 to the various configurations ofpickup arm 24. First referring toFIG. 5A ,pickup arm 24 is configured, generally, into the shape of right angle withvacuum head 22 at the end of one leg of the right angle, andcam follower 86 at the end of the other leg of the right angle.Pivot 25 is located at the junction of the two legs of the right angle. In operation, as anindividual product 20 is adhered to,vacuum nozzle 22 weight will be transmitted alongarm 24 andpivot 25 to presscam follower 86 againstcam 84. Asarm 24 is moved alongcam 84,cam follower 86 will contact the load cell which has been implaced intocam 84, and the weight of the product which is adhered tovacuum nozzle 22 will be registered on the load cell. Referring nowFIG. 5B , an alternate embodiment ofarm 24 is shown in whicharm 24 has acentral pivot point 25. At one end ofarm 24 isvacuum nozzle 22 which receives the product thereon. When the product is attached to vacuumhead 22, the weight of the product is transmitted througharm 24, and due to pivot 25, places an upward pressure against 84 bycam follower 86. Therefore, whencam follower 86 is aligned with the load cell which is placed intocam 84, the weight of the product attached tovacuum nozzle 22 will be detected, as well as the weight of the other components ofarm 24. It will be appreciated that in each instance, the tare weight method previously described may be used to deduce the actual weight of the product attached tovacuum nozzle 22. Referring now toFIG. 5C , yet another configuration ofarm 24 in which thepivot point 25 is at the end ofarm 24 withvacuum nozzle 22 at the opposite end ofarm 24. The weight of a product attached tonozzle 22 is transmitted througharm 24 and will be detected by a load cell embedded withincam 84 whencam follower 86 contacts the load cell. Since the weight of the product onvacuum nozzle 22 is transmitted tocam follower 86 due to the positioning ofpivot point 25 at the end ofarm 24, the weight of the product can be detected using the tare weight method previously described. Referring now toFIG. 5D , yet another embodiment ofarm 24 is shown. In this embodiment,cam follower 86 is at the opposite end ofarm 24 frompivot point 25, and the weight transmitted tocam follower 86 fromnozzle 22 when a product is placed thereon is detected by a load cell incam 84. - In the previous description, a detailed description in various embodiments have been described for the measurement of weight or mass of a product which relies on the inclusion of a load cell within the article transfer unit of a food process line. As previously identified in the Summary of the Invention (above), alternate devices for measurement for attributes other than weights can also be included in the
article transfer device 28 and such other devices for measuring other attributes are contemplated and included as alternate embodiments of the present invention. By way of example and not limitation, alternative apparatus for measuring the attribute of a product and which may be included inarticle transfer device 28 will be discussed. In the case of measuring the attribute of product color or surface quality of the product, it may be desirable to use a reflectometer or colorimeter to measure properties of the surface of the product being transferred. In the measurement of such attributes, the product as it is held byvacuum nozzle 22 would be subjected to a beam of light which would reflect off the product as it is held innozzle 22, and the reflected light would be measured in accordance with the attribute of the product which is being measured. In order to affect operation of such a device, the present scheme of using thecam follower 86 attached toarm 24 to activate a switch which is embedded incam 84 could be utilized. Alternatively, it may be desirable to include a light beam and a receiver of that light beam to activate the measurement device. In this latter instance of the light beam, the movement of the product when it is attached tovacuum nozzle 22 would interrupt the light beam thus activating the measuring apparatus to initiate the measurement of the attribute of the product held bynozzle 22. In another embodiment in which it is desired to determine the resistance of the product or article being transferred to pressure, a pressure sensor could be included intransfer station 28. As described above, the pressure sensor could be activated by either a trip switch oncam 84 which is contacted bycam follower 86 or the use of the interrupted light beam method could be utilized to activate the pressure sensor. In this embodiment, the pressure sensor would be pressed against the article being transferred and held byvacuum nozzle 22 and the amount of resistance presented by the product to the sensor pressing against the surface of the product could be determined. In yet another embodiment of the present invention, a camera can be included onproduct transfer station 28 which can be operated either by the previously described cam pressure switch activation method or the interrupted light beam activation method. The camera would receive an image of the product as it is held invacuum nozzle 22 or as it is released fromvacuum nozzle 22 and the image would then be transmitted to a computer for comparison with a database of images to allow characterization of theindividual product 20 against the database information. Once again, and as previously described herein, the information gathered by these detection devices is transmitted to a computer for analysis and for subsequent activation of one ofarms 42 to segregate theparticular product 20 into its proper categorization bin. - As required, detailed embodiments of the present inventions are disclosed herein; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, which may be embodied in various forms. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention in virtually any appropriately detailed structure.
- In the foregoing description, certain terms have been used for brevity, clearness and understanding; but no unnecessary limitations are to be implied therefrom beyond the requirements of the prior art, because such terms are used for descriptive purposes and are intended to be broadly construed. Moreover, the description and illustration of the inventions is by way of example, and the scope of the inventions is not limited to the exact details shown or described.
- Having now described the features, discoveries and principles of the invention, the manner in which the inventive attribute process line is constructed and used, the characteristics of the construction, and advantageous, new and useful results obtained; the new and useful structures, devices, elements, arrangements, parts and combinations, are set forth in the appended claims.
- It is also to be understood that the following claims are intended to cover all of the generic and specific features of the invention herein described, and all statements of the scope of the invention which, as a matter of language, might be said to fall therebetween.
Claims (2)
1. A method of measuring an attribute of an object while moving the object between first and second locations comprising the steps of:
advancing a pickup arm to contact, at a first location, a plurality of objects,
securing at least one of said plurality of objects onto said pickup arm,
advancing said pickup arm toward a second location,
performing, during said advancing step, an object attribute measurement,
transmitting said object attribute measurement to a computer,
determining with said computer a storage position for said object wherein said storage position is associated with a range of object attribute measurements, and
releasing said object from said pickup arm at said second location.
2-34. (canceled)
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US5458455A (en) * | 1993-03-11 | 1995-10-17 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for stacking cartridge shell plates of a photographic film cartridge |
US5504278A (en) * | 1992-11-12 | 1996-04-02 | Barmag Ag | Apparatus and method for weighing textile packages |
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US6387330B1 (en) * | 2000-04-12 | 2002-05-14 | George Steven Bova | Method and apparatus for storing and dispensing reagents |
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US6674022B2 (en) * | 2001-03-23 | 2004-01-06 | Ortho-Mcneil Pharmaceutical, Inc. | Apparatus and method for transferring and weighing powder materials using pipette transfer devices |
US6881907B2 (en) * | 2002-10-01 | 2005-04-19 | Johnson Food Equipment, Inc. | Method and apparatus for product attribute measurement |
-
2002
- 2002-10-01 US US10/262,223 patent/US6881907B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2005
- 2005-04-18 US US11/108,475 patent/US20050246144A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US3642130A (en) * | 1969-05-28 | 1972-02-15 | Altenpohl W F | Modular weight-sorting assembly for conveyors |
US3805904A (en) * | 1972-11-17 | 1974-04-23 | Scientech Inc | Method and apparatus adapted for high-speed weighing |
US4096950A (en) * | 1974-08-05 | 1978-06-27 | Autosystems Limited | Sorting systems and sensing devices for use therewith |
US4148397A (en) * | 1977-05-17 | 1979-04-10 | W. F. Altenpohl, Inc. | Selector logic for weight sorting systems |
US4238027A (en) * | 1977-11-23 | 1980-12-09 | Optima-Maschinenfabrik, Dr. Beuhler GmbH & Co. | Weighing apparatus for weighing conveyed products |
US4187945A (en) * | 1978-06-29 | 1980-02-12 | W. F. Altenpohl, Inc. | Plural path weight sorting system |
US4306629A (en) * | 1979-01-19 | 1981-12-22 | Geosource Inc. | Pneumatic weighing device and method |
US4223751A (en) * | 1979-03-26 | 1980-09-23 | Modern Controls, Inc. | High speed capacitance apparatus for classifying pharmaceutical capsules |
US4586613A (en) * | 1982-07-22 | 1986-05-06 | Kabushiki Kaisha Maki Seisakusho | Method and apparatus for sorting fruits and vegetables |
US4940536A (en) * | 1986-11-12 | 1990-07-10 | Lockwood Graders (U.K.) Limited | Apparatus for inspecting and sorting articles |
US5020675A (en) * | 1986-11-12 | 1991-06-04 | Lockwood Graders (Uk) Limited | Apparatus for sorting conveyed articles |
US4927205A (en) * | 1987-07-02 | 1990-05-22 | Feco Engineered Systems, Inc. | Rotational container holding device and method |
US4881863A (en) * | 1987-12-17 | 1989-11-21 | Primary Systems Corporation | Apparatus for inspecting wafers |
US5037351A (en) * | 1988-04-25 | 1991-08-06 | Stork Pmt B.V. | Process for weighing poultry, and conveyor hook for carrying out this process |
US5078258A (en) * | 1989-12-07 | 1992-01-07 | Aweta B.V. | Orienting mechanism for orienting fruit, for example |
US5306877A (en) * | 1991-10-30 | 1994-04-26 | Tas Adrianus W | Apparatus for sorting spherical products according to weight |
US5504278A (en) * | 1992-11-12 | 1996-04-02 | Barmag Ag | Apparatus and method for weighing textile packages |
US5458455A (en) * | 1993-03-11 | 1995-10-17 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for stacking cartridge shell plates of a photographic film cartridge |
US5750938A (en) * | 1993-10-22 | 1998-05-12 | Mg2 S.P.A. | Method of weighing drugs and relative drug metering machine |
US5419427A (en) * | 1994-01-21 | 1995-05-30 | Feco Engineered Systems, Inc. | Finger chuck assembly and method for processing a hollow article |
US5725082A (en) * | 1995-09-18 | 1998-03-10 | Connell; Douglas R. | Method and apparatus for transferring bodies of semi-rigid to non-rigid structure, slippery surface, and irregular shape from a bin or conveyor to reception line |
US6073667A (en) * | 1997-10-24 | 2000-06-13 | Serac Group | Weight-filling method, and a corresponding device |
US6452118B1 (en) * | 1998-03-13 | 2002-09-17 | Fps Food Processing Systems B.V. | Weighing apparatus |
US6630633B1 (en) * | 1998-10-30 | 2003-10-07 | Hi-Speed Checkweigher Co., Inc. | High speed pneumatic weighing device |
US6179129B1 (en) * | 1999-01-22 | 2001-01-30 | Powell Machinery, Inc. | Color sorter assembly and method |
US6387330B1 (en) * | 2000-04-12 | 2002-05-14 | George Steven Bova | Method and apparatus for storing and dispensing reagents |
US6674022B2 (en) * | 2001-03-23 | 2004-01-06 | Ortho-Mcneil Pharmaceutical, Inc. | Apparatus and method for transferring and weighing powder materials using pipette transfer devices |
US6881907B2 (en) * | 2002-10-01 | 2005-04-19 | Johnson Food Equipment, Inc. | Method and apparatus for product attribute measurement |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20040060744A1 (en) | 2004-04-01 |
US6881907B2 (en) | 2005-04-19 |
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