US20050244576A1 - Multilayer pipe and method for manufacturing one - Google Patents
Multilayer pipe and method for manufacturing one Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20050244576A1 US20050244576A1 US11/177,630 US17763005A US2005244576A1 US 20050244576 A1 US20050244576 A1 US 20050244576A1 US 17763005 A US17763005 A US 17763005A US 2005244576 A1 US2005244576 A1 US 2005244576A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- outer layer
- pipe
- layer
- fire
- foaming agent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004703 cross-linked polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920003020 cross-linked polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004156 Azodicarbonamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XOZUGNYVDXMRKW-AATRIKPKSA-N azodicarbonamide Chemical compound NC(=O)\N=N\C(N)=O XOZUGNYVDXMRKW-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019399 azodicarbonamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 110
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- RREGISFBPQOLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[AlH3] RREGISFBPQOLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011089 mechanical engineering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003182 Surlyn® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012963 UV stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001870 copolymer plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011814 protection agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012758 reinforcing additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003017 thermal stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
- B29C44/3484—Stopping the foaming reaction until the material is heated or re-heated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C44/022—Foaming unrestricted by cavity walls, e.g. without using moulds or using only internal cores
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/20—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of indefinite length
- B29C44/22—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of indefinite length consisting of at least two parts of chemically or physically different materials, e.g. having different densities
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/022—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/50—Details of extruders
- B29C48/505—Screws
- B29C48/52—Screws with an outer diameter varying along the longitudinal axis, e.g. for obtaining different thread clearance
- B29C48/525—Conical screws
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
- B32B1/08—Tubular products
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
- F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
- F16L11/08—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
- F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
- F16L11/12—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with arrangements for particular purposes, e.g. specially profiled, with protecting layer, heated, electrically conducting
- F16L11/125—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with arrangements for particular purposes, e.g. specially profiled, with protecting layer, heated, electrically conducting non-inflammable or heat-resistant hoses
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
- F16L9/12—Rigid pipes of plastics with or without reinforcement
- F16L9/133—Rigid pipes of plastics with or without reinforcement the walls consisting of two layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/15—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. extrusion moulding around inserts
- B29C48/151—Coating hollow articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
- B29C48/18—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
- B29C48/21—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers the layers being joined at their surfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
- B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
- B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
- B29K2023/0691—PEX, i.e. crosslinked polyethylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
- B29K2023/08—Copolymers of ethylene
- B29K2023/083—EVA, i.e. ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/10—Polymers of propylene
- B29K2023/12—PP, i.e. polypropylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0012—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular thermal properties
- B29K2995/0016—Non-flammable or resistant to heat
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2009/00—Layered products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2023/00—Tubular articles
- B29L2023/22—Tubes or pipes, i.e. rigid
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/92—Fire or heat protection feature
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/92—Fire or heat protection feature
- Y10S428/921—Fire or flameproofing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
- Y10T428/139—Open-ended, self-supporting conduit, cylinder, or tube-type article
- Y10T428/1393—Multilayer [continuous layer]
Definitions
- the invention relates to a multilayer pipe which comprises at least an inner layer and an outer layer, the inner layer being made of extrudable plastic, the matrix plastic of the outer layer being made of extrudable plastic and the outer layer being arranged to be a fire-protection layer.
- the invention further relates to a method for manufacturing a multilayer pipe.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,671,780 discloses a multilayer flexible conduit having an outer layer of halogen-free and phosphorus-free thermoplastic material.
- the intermediate layer contains fire-resistant fibers or textile, and the inner layer is a diffusion-tight layer of a thermoplastic material.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,942,903 discloses a plastic pipe having an innermost layer of polymeric plastic. Heat insulation is arranged outside the innermost layer and outside the heat insulation, there is a fire-resistant layer which at a high temperature forms a ceramic stable fire-protecting phase.
- Pat. No. 5,799,705 discloses a structural pipe around which one or more fire-protecting layers are arranged, the layers comprising fiber-reinforced resin layers.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,788,090 discloses a plastic pipe coated on the outer surface with a thermal insulation comprising foam. Outside the thermal insulation, there is an outer layer containing fibers. In a fire, the fibers fuse together increasing the mechanical strength of the foam layer.
- a weakness in the solutions presented above is, among other (things, that the manufacture of such pipes is quite difficult. Further, to ensure adequate fire-protection properties the pipes must be made quite thick. Adding fire-protection agents to the pipe materials also decreases the mechanical strength of the pipes.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,552,185 discloses plastic articles, such as pipes, equipped with fire enduring properties.
- the article comprises a core layer which is made of a polymeric plastic material, and said core layer is coated with a fire-resistant material.
- the fire-resistant layer is made up of a thermoplastic material and a char-forming material and an intumescent material. In a fire, the fire-resistant layer forms char and bubbles on top of the core layer.
- This type of article is quite difficult to manufacture and the mechanical strength properties of the article may require that the wall becomes quite thick.
- DE publication 19 504 613 discloses a five-layer pipe having a foam layer as the second-outermost layer which contains a foaming agent which does not react during the manufacture of the pipe.
- the foam layer produces foam.
- it must have several layers, such as an outermost layer outside the foam layer. This is why the pipe structure is very complex and the pipe difficult and expensive to make. Further, halogen plastics are used in the pipe, which in a fire form dangerous compounds.
- the pipe of the invention is characterized in that the outer layer contains a non-reacted foaming agent and at least one additive in such a manner that the outer layer has a fire-retardant component and a pipe-reinforcing component.
- the method of the invention is characterized in that the outer layer of the pipe contains a halogen-free fire-protecting agent and that at least the outer layer is extruded by an extruder having a screw length ratio of less than 10 to its biggest diameter.
- the multilayer pipe comprises at least an inner layer and an outer layer, the inner layer being made of extrudable plastic, typically polyolefins, such as polyethylene PE, cross-linked polyethylene PEX or polypropylene PP.
- the outer layer forms a fire-protecting layer for the inner layer and the matrix plastic of the outer layer is also made of extrudable plastic.
- a foaming agent such as azodicarbonamide which does not react during the manufacture of the pipe, is mixed with the matrix.
- the outer layer contains at least one additive in such a manner that the outer layer has a pipe-reinforcing component and a fire-retardant component.
- the fire-retardant component can be an inorganic filler, such as aluminum trihydrate ATH, vermiculite, silicate, phosphate or carbonate, or another corresponding halogen-free fire-protecting agent.
- the fire-retardant additive can, at the same time, serve as a reinforcing component, in which case said additive can be a fire-resistant inorganic material, such as short-cut fiberglass or ceramic whiskers fiber.
- the reinforcing component can also be a separate additive, in which case it can, for instance, be an inorganic fiber or a mixture of inorganic or organic fibers or reinforcing needle- or flake-shaped minerals.
- the foaming agent which did not react during the manufacture of the plastic pipe, reacts and produces foam that makes the outer layer thicker, thus making the layer at said foamed location serve as a very good insulation. Due to the reinforcing component, the mechanical strength of the foamed layer also remains quite good.
- the invention provides the advantage that the outer layer which protects the pipe against fire can be quite thin. Because the outer layer has a pipe-reinforcing component, the pipe is as a whole quite mechanically strong.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a pipe of the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another pipe of the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a multilayer pipe having an inner layer 1 and an outer layer 2 .
- the inner layer 1 is made of extrudable plastic.
- the material of the inner layer 1 can be a polyolefin, such as polyethylene PE, cross-linked polyethylene PEX or polypropylene PP.
- the inner layer 1 can also be made of another material, such as polyamide PA or acrylonitrile butadiene-styrene ABS. Mixtures of different materials can also be used.
- the matrix plastic of the outer layer 2 can be any extrudable plastic or plastic mixture.
- the basic material of the outer layer 2 can be a polyolefin or ethylene vinyl acetate EVA, for instance.
- a foaming agent which does not react during the manufacture of the pipe, is mixed with the matrix of the outer layer 2 , and the outer layer 2 thus contains a non-reacted foaming agent.
- the foaming agent can, for instance, be an azodicarbonamide or the like.
- the outer layer 2 also contains an additive in such a manner that the outer layer 2 has a fire-retardant component and a pipe-reinforcing component.
- This additive can, for instance, be short-cut fiberglass or ceramic whiskers fibers, which at the same time serve as a fire-retardant component and a pipe-reinforcing component.
- This type of non-flammable inorganic agent makes it possible for the outer layer to expand when the foaming agent reacts in heat, but the additive keeps the outer layer 2 structurally strong, however.
- the foaming agent thus reacts at a temperature higher than the extrusion temperature.
- the additive thus at the same time serves as a fire-retardant component and increases the oxygen index of the outer layer 2 .
- the outer layer 2 can also contain inorganic fillers.
- halogen-free fire-protecting agents such as aluminum trihydrate ATH, vermiculite, silicate, phosphate or carbonate which increase the oxygen index of the outer layer, can be used as fillers.
- the oxygen index of the outer layer is preferably increased to over 30.
- Magnesium hydroxide, halogenated fire-protecting agents often together with antimony oxide or phosphor-containing fire-protecting agents can also be mixed to the outer layer 2 .
- Carbon and/or carbonaceous agents can also be used as additives, and they can be quite small in size, in the nanometer-range, for instance.
- the outer layer can be reinforced with inorganic fibers or a mixture of inorganic and organic fibers, for instance. Needle- or flake-like minerals, such as fiberglass, ceramic whiskers fibers or Mica, can also be used as the reinforcing additive.
- the outer layer 2 can also contain an UV stabilizer or thermal stabilizer.
- the pipe can also have adhesive agents in the layers or between the layers to improve the adhesion of the outer and inner layers to each other. Coloring agents and/or light-reflecting pigments, such as metal particles, can also be added to the outer layer.
- the outer layer 2 can be extruded in such a manner that it can easily be peeled off from the inner layer 1 , as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,794,61. It is then easy and simple to attach the pipe by electro-welding or some other attaching system.
- FIG. 2 shows a pipe, in which an intermediate layer 3 is arranged between the inner layer 1 and the outer layer 2 .
- the intermediate layer 3 is a metal layer which is made of thin aluminum, for instance, and which can serve as a barrier layer.
- An inner adhesion layer 4 is arranged between the inner layer 1 and the intermediate layer 3 .
- an outer adhesion layer 5 can be arranged between the outer layer and the intermediate layer 3 .
- the adhesion layers 4 and 5 can be made of an adhesion material available by the trade name Surlyn.
- the thickness of the inner layer is typically approximately 1 to 10 mm, for instance, the thickness of the intermediate layer is approximately 0.1 to 3 mm, and the thickness of the outer layer 2 serving as the fire-protecting layer is approximately 0.2 to 5 mm.
- the adhesion layers 4 and 5 are less than 0.1 mm thick.
- the total diameter of the pipe then varies between 10 and 100 mm.
- the outer adhesion layer 5 for instance, can be left out, if the outer layer 2 is made of a copolymer plastic which has modified end groups for improving adhesion to the underlying metal intermediate layer 3 .
- the metal intermediate layer 3 reinforces the mechanical structure of the pipe, but at the same time the intermediate layer 3 spreads the thermalloiad to a wider area owing to its good thermal conductivity.
- the heat of a local point-heating flame then does not affect the inner layer 1 at one point, but the heat is distributed to a wider area owing to the thermal conductivity of the intermediate layer 3 .
- the total thickness of a pipe of the invention can be the same as that of a solid-wall non-fire-protected pipe used for a corresponding purpose, because the possible metal intermediate layer 3 and the reinforcing agent in the outer layer strengthen the pipe.
- the total thickness of a pipe of the invention can be bigger than that of the above-mentioned non-fire-protected pipe, in which case the peelability of the pipe is preferably utilized in such a manner that the outer layer 2 , and possibly the metal intermediate layer 3 , too, are peeled away before the pipe is attached to a mechanical crimp connection, for instance.
- a multilayer pipe of the invention can be extruded in one phase using several extruders and a multilayer cross-head die.
- the multilayer pipe can also be extruded using a cone-shaped multilayer extruder described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,387,386, for instance.
- the use of such a conical extruder, having a rotor, i.e. extruder screw, length ratio of less than 10 to its biggest diameter is very advantageous, because the fire-protecting materials used in the fire-protecting layer are often very sensitive to shear forces and the shear forces exerted to the material in a conical extruder are very small.
- the dwell time of the material in a conical extruder is quite short.
- outer-layer fibers can, in a conical extruder, be oriented to an angle differing from the axial direction. It is also possible to make the inner layer(s) first and extrude the fire-protecting layer outermost on the pipe using a conventional coating technology.
- the innermost layer is made of cross-linked polyethylene PEX, it can preferably be cross-linked separately before coating.
- the cross-linking can also be done when all layers of the pipe are on top of each other, by using infra-red technology or later on in a separate heating unit.
- Cross-linked polyethylene can be of any type, i.e. PEX-a, PEX-b or PEX-c. Just the cross-linking method varies in that PEX-a is cross-linked by utilizing heat, PEX-b is cross-linked by moisture: and PEX-c by radiation.
- the inner layer 1 should preferably be made of cross-linked polyethylene PEX, because this material is highly heat enduring. Further, due to cross-linking said material will not easily creep even at high temperatures.
- a multilayer pipe of the invention can be used as a sprinkler pipe, gas pipe inside buildings, pressure or discharge pipe of vehicles and pneumatic and hydraulic pipe in mechanical engineering.
- the pipe of the invention can also be used as a protective pipe for optic or other cables. If desired, it is possible to make one or more layers outside the outer layer serving as the fire-protecting layer.
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Abstract
A multilayer pipe which comprises at least an inner layer and an outer layer. The inner layer is made of extrudable plastic, such as polyethylene PE, cross-linked polyethylene PEX or polypropylene PP. The outer layer forms a fire-protecting layer and the matrix plastic of the outer layer is also made of extrudable plastic. A foaming agent, which does not react during the manufacture of the pipe, is mixed with the matrix. Further, the outer layer contains at least one additive in such a manner that the outer layer has a pipe-reinforcing component and a fire-retardant component. Most preferably, at least the outer layer is extruded by an extruder having a screw length ratio of less than 10 to its biggest diameter.
Description
- The invention relates to a multilayer pipe which comprises at least an inner layer and an outer layer, the inner layer being made of extrudable plastic, the matrix plastic of the outer layer being made of extrudable plastic and the outer layer being arranged to be a fire-protection layer.
- The invention further relates to a method for manufacturing a multilayer pipe.
- Fire-retardant or fire-resistant properties are required in pipes which are, for instance, used as sprinkler pipes, gas pipes inside buildings, discharge pipes of vehicles and pneumatic and hydraulic pipes in mechanical engineering. U.S. Pat. No. 5,671,780 discloses a multilayer flexible conduit having an outer layer of halogen-free and phosphorus-free thermoplastic material. The intermediate layer contains fire-resistant fibers or textile, and the inner layer is a diffusion-tight layer of a thermoplastic material. U.S. Pat. No. 4,942,903 discloses a plastic pipe having an innermost layer of polymeric plastic. Heat insulation is arranged outside the innermost layer and outside the heat insulation, there is a fire-resistant layer which at a high temperature forms a ceramic stable fire-protecting phase. U.S. Pat. No. 5,799,705 discloses a structural pipe around which one or more fire-protecting layers are arranged, the layers comprising fiber-reinforced resin layers. U.S. Pat. No. 4,788,090 discloses a plastic pipe coated on the outer surface with a thermal insulation comprising foam. Outside the thermal insulation, there is an outer layer containing fibers. In a fire, the fibers fuse together increasing the mechanical strength of the foam layer. A weakness in the solutions presented above is, among other (things, that the manufacture of such pipes is quite difficult. Further, to ensure adequate fire-protection properties the pipes must be made quite thick. Adding fire-protection agents to the pipe materials also decreases the mechanical strength of the pipes.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,552,185 discloses plastic articles, such as pipes, equipped with fire enduring properties. The article comprises a core layer which is made of a polymeric plastic material, and said core layer is coated with a fire-resistant material. The fire-resistant layer is made up of a thermoplastic material and a char-forming material and an intumescent material. In a fire, the fire-resistant layer forms char and bubbles on top of the core layer. This type of article is quite difficult to manufacture and the mechanical strength properties of the article may require that the wall becomes quite thick.
- DE publication 19 504 613 discloses a five-layer pipe having a foam layer as the second-outermost layer which contains a foaming agent which does not react during the manufacture of the pipe. When the pipe is exposed to heat, the foam layer produces foam. To make the pipe mechanically strong enough, it must have several layers, such as an outermost layer outside the foam layer. This is why the pipe structure is very complex and the pipe difficult and expensive to make. Further, halogen plastics are used in the pipe, which in a fire form dangerous compounds.
- It is an object of the present invention to provide a new type of fire-enduring multilayer pipe.
- The pipe of the invention is characterized in that the outer layer contains a non-reacted foaming agent and at least one additive in such a manner that the outer layer has a fire-retardant component and a pipe-reinforcing component.
- Further, the method of the invention is characterized in that the outer layer of the pipe contains a halogen-free fire-protecting agent and that at least the outer layer is extruded by an extruder having a screw length ratio of less than 10 to its biggest diameter.
- An essential idea of the invention is that the multilayer pipe comprises at least an inner layer and an outer layer, the inner layer being made of extrudable plastic, typically polyolefins, such as polyethylene PE, cross-linked polyethylene PEX or polypropylene PP. The outer layer forms a fire-protecting layer for the inner layer and the matrix plastic of the outer layer is also made of extrudable plastic. A foaming agent, such as azodicarbonamide which does not react during the manufacture of the pipe, is mixed with the matrix. Further, the outer layer contains at least one additive in such a manner that the outer layer has a pipe-reinforcing component and a fire-retardant component. The fire-retardant component can be an inorganic filler, such as aluminum trihydrate ATH, vermiculite, silicate, phosphate or carbonate, or another corresponding halogen-free fire-protecting agent. The fire-retardant additive can, at the same time, serve as a reinforcing component, in which case said additive can be a fire-resistant inorganic material, such as short-cut fiberglass or ceramic whiskers fiber. The reinforcing component can also be a separate additive, in which case it can, for instance, be an inorganic fiber or a mixture of inorganic or organic fibers or reinforcing needle- or flake-shaped minerals. When exposed to fire, the foaming agent, which did not react during the manufacture of the plastic pipe, reacts and produces foam that makes the outer layer thicker, thus making the layer at said foamed location serve as a very good insulation. Due to the reinforcing component, the mechanical strength of the foamed layer also remains quite good.
- The invention provides the advantage that the outer layer which protects the pipe against fire can be quite thin. Because the outer layer has a pipe-reinforcing component, the pipe is as a whole quite mechanically strong.
- The invention is described in greater detail in the accompanying drawings, in which
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a pipe of the invention, and -
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another pipe of the invention. -
FIG. 1 shows a multilayer pipe having aninner layer 1 and anouter layer 2. Theinner layer 1 is made of extrudable plastic. The material of theinner layer 1 can be a polyolefin, such as polyethylene PE, cross-linked polyethylene PEX or polypropylene PP. Theinner layer 1 can also be made of another material, such as polyamide PA or acrylonitrile butadiene-styrene ABS. Mixtures of different materials can also be used. - The matrix plastic of the
outer layer 2 can be any extrudable plastic or plastic mixture. The basic material of theouter layer 2 can be a polyolefin or ethylene vinyl acetate EVA, for instance. - A foaming agent, which does not react during the manufacture of the pipe, is mixed with the matrix of the
outer layer 2, and theouter layer 2 thus contains a non-reacted foaming agent. The foaming agent can, for instance, be an azodicarbonamide or the like. Theouter layer 2 also contains an additive in such a manner that theouter layer 2 has a fire-retardant component and a pipe-reinforcing component. This additive can, for instance, be short-cut fiberglass or ceramic whiskers fibers, which at the same time serve as a fire-retardant component and a pipe-reinforcing component. This type of non-flammable inorganic agent makes it possible for the outer layer to expand when the foaming agent reacts in heat, but the additive keeps theouter layer 2 structurally strong, however. The foaming agent thus reacts at a temperature higher than the extrusion temperature. The additive thus at the same time serves as a fire-retardant component and increases the oxygen index of theouter layer 2. - The
outer layer 2 can also contain inorganic fillers. Several halogen-free fire-protecting agents, such as aluminum trihydrate ATH, vermiculite, silicate, phosphate or carbonate which increase the oxygen index of the outer layer, can be used as fillers. The oxygen index of the outer layer is preferably increased to over 30. Magnesium hydroxide, halogenated fire-protecting agents often together with antimony oxide or phosphor-containing fire-protecting agents can also be mixed to theouter layer 2. Carbon and/or carbonaceous agents can also be used as additives, and they can be quite small in size, in the nanometer-range, for instance. - The outer layer can be reinforced with inorganic fibers or a mixture of inorganic and organic fibers, for instance. Needle- or flake-like minerals, such as fiberglass, ceramic whiskers fibers or Mica, can also be used as the reinforcing additive.
- If desired, the
outer layer 2 can also contain an UV stabilizer or thermal stabilizer. The pipe can also have adhesive agents in the layers or between the layers to improve the adhesion of the outer and inner layers to each other. Coloring agents and/or light-reflecting pigments, such as metal particles, can also be added to the outer layer. - The
outer layer 2 can be extruded in such a manner that it can easily be peeled off from theinner layer 1, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,794,61. It is then easy and simple to attach the pipe by electro-welding or some other attaching system. -
FIG. 2 shows a pipe, in which anintermediate layer 3 is arranged between theinner layer 1 and theouter layer 2. Theintermediate layer 3 is a metal layer which is made of thin aluminum, for instance, and which can serve as a barrier layer. Aninner adhesion layer 4 is arranged between theinner layer 1 and theintermediate layer 3. Correspondingly, anouter adhesion layer 5 can be arranged between the outer layer and theintermediate layer 3. The adhesion layers 4 and 5 can be made of an adhesion material available by the trade name Surlyn. The thickness of the inner layer is typically approximately 1 to 10 mm, for instance, the thickness of the intermediate layer is approximately 0.1 to 3 mm, and the thickness of theouter layer 2 serving as the fire-protecting layer is approximately 0.2 to 5 mm. The adhesion layers 4 and 5 are less than 0.1 mm thick. The total diameter of the pipe then varies between 10 and 100 mm. Theouter adhesion layer 5, for instance, can be left out, if theouter layer 2 is made of a copolymer plastic which has modified end groups for improving adhesion to the underlying metalintermediate layer 3. - The metal
intermediate layer 3 reinforces the mechanical structure of the pipe, but at the same time theintermediate layer 3 spreads the thermalloiad to a wider area owing to its good thermal conductivity. The heat of a local point-heating flame then does not affect theinner layer 1 at one point, but the heat is distributed to a wider area owing to the thermal conductivity of theintermediate layer 3. - The total thickness of a pipe of the invention can be the same as that of a solid-wall non-fire-protected pipe used for a corresponding purpose, because the possible metal
intermediate layer 3 and the reinforcing agent in the outer layer strengthen the pipe. Alternatively, the total thickness of a pipe of the invention can be bigger than that of the above-mentioned non-fire-protected pipe, in which case the peelability of the pipe is preferably utilized in such a manner that theouter layer 2, and possibly the metalintermediate layer 3, too, are peeled away before the pipe is attached to a mechanical crimp connection, for instance. - A multilayer pipe of the invention can be extruded in one phase using several extruders and a multilayer cross-head die. The multilayer pipe can also be extruded using a cone-shaped multilayer extruder described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,387,386, for instance. The use of such a conical extruder, having a rotor, i.e. extruder screw, length ratio of less than 10 to its biggest diameter, is very advantageous, because the fire-protecting materials used in the fire-protecting layer are often very sensitive to shear forces and the shear forces exerted to the material in a conical extruder are very small. In addition, the dwell time of the material in a conical extruder is quite short. A very significant advantage is also achieved by the fact that the outer-layer fibers can, in a conical extruder, be oriented to an angle differing from the axial direction. It is also possible to make the inner layer(s) first and extrude the fire-protecting layer outermost on the pipe using a conventional coating technology.
- If the innermost layer is made of cross-linked polyethylene PEX, it can preferably be cross-linked separately before coating. The cross-linking can also be done when all layers of the pipe are on top of each other, by using infra-red technology or later on in a separate heating unit. Cross-linked polyethylene can be of any type, i.e. PEX-a, PEX-b or PEX-c. Just the cross-linking method varies in that PEX-a is cross-linked by utilizing heat, PEX-b is cross-linked by moisture: and PEX-c by radiation. The
inner layer 1 should preferably be made of cross-linked polyethylene PEX, because this material is highly heat enduring. Further, due to cross-linking said material will not easily creep even at high temperatures. - The drawings and the related description are only intended to illustrate the idea of the invention. The invention may vary in detail within the scope of the claims. A multilayer pipe of the invention can be used as a sprinkler pipe, gas pipe inside buildings, pressure or discharge pipe of vehicles and pneumatic and hydraulic pipe in mechanical engineering. The pipe of the invention can also be used as a protective pipe for optic or other cables. If desired, it is possible to make one or more layers outside the outer layer serving as the fire-protecting layer.
Claims (9)
1-8. (canceled)
9. A method for manufacturing a multilayer pipe having at least an inner layer and an outer layer, the method comprising:
coating the inner layer formed using extrudable plastic with the outer layer, wherein the outer layer of the pipe contains a halogen-free fire-protecting agent and at least the outer layer is extruded by an extruder having a screw length ratio of less than 10 to its biggest diameter.
10. A method as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the outer layer contains reinforcing fibers which are oriented in a conical extruder to an angle differing from the axial direction during the manufacture of the pipe.
11. A method as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the outer layer contains a foaming agent and the properties and extrusion temperature of the foaming agent are selected in such a manner that the foaming agent does not react during the manufacture of the pipe.
12. A method as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the outer layer contains a foaming agent and the properties and extrusion temperatures of the foaming agent are selected in such a manner that the foaming agent reacts when the pipe is exposed to fire to convert the outer layer to a foamed layer.
13. A method as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the foaming agent comprises azodicarbonamide.
14. A method as claimed in claim 9 , further comprising:
prior to the coating, covering the inner layer with an intermediate layer having a heat-conductivity that is higher than that of the inner layer.
15. A method as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the outer layer contains short-cut fibers and/or ceramic whiskers fibers.
16. A method as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the inner layer is formed using a cross-linked polyethylene PEX.
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US11/177,630 US20050244576A1 (en) | 2001-06-06 | 2005-07-08 | Multilayer pipe and method for manufacturing one |
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FI20011202A FI112818B (en) | 2001-06-06 | 2001-06-06 | Multilayer tubes and process for making the same |
US10/164,281 US6959736B2 (en) | 2001-06-06 | 2002-06-06 | Multilayer pipe and method for manufacturing one |
US11/177,630 US20050244576A1 (en) | 2001-06-06 | 2005-07-08 | Multilayer pipe and method for manufacturing one |
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US20050244576A1 true US20050244576A1 (en) | 2005-11-03 |
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US11/177,630 Abandoned US20050244576A1 (en) | 2001-06-06 | 2005-07-08 | Multilayer pipe and method for manufacturing one |
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US (2) | US6959736B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2388635C (en) |
DE (1) | DE10224707A1 (en) |
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US8701714B2 (en) | 2007-01-10 | 2014-04-22 | Oy Kwh Pipe Ab | Multiple layer pipe |
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WO2009146993A1 (en) * | 2008-06-05 | 2009-12-10 | Novelis Inc. | Compound tubes |
CN103591392A (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2014-02-19 | 江苏恒神纤维材料有限公司 | Process for manufacturing lightweight flame-retardant ventilating duct and obtained ventilating duct |
WO2015196219A1 (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2015-12-23 | Setevox (Pty) Ltd | Composite load bearing member |
AU2015276798B2 (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2019-05-16 | Setevox (Pty) Ltd | Composite load bearing member |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6959736B2 (en) | 2005-11-01 |
FI112818B (en) | 2004-01-15 |
DE10224707A1 (en) | 2002-12-12 |
CA2388635C (en) | 2009-12-22 |
FR2825773B1 (en) | 2005-06-10 |
FI20011202A0 (en) | 2001-06-06 |
CA2388635A1 (en) | 2002-12-06 |
FI20011202A (en) | 2002-12-07 |
FR2825773A1 (en) | 2002-12-13 |
US20020189697A1 (en) | 2002-12-19 |
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